NZ620276B2 - Measurement of diesel engine emissions - Google Patents
Measurement of diesel engine emissions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ620276B2 NZ620276B2 NZ620276A NZ62027612A NZ620276B2 NZ 620276 B2 NZ620276 B2 NZ 620276B2 NZ 620276 A NZ620276 A NZ 620276A NZ 62027612 A NZ62027612 A NZ 62027612A NZ 620276 B2 NZ620276 B2 NZ 620276B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- load
- flow
- determining
- code
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940035295 Ting Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269346 Siren Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
- F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1445—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being related to the exhaust flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
- F02D41/1462—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine with determination means using an estimation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
- G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Abstract
emissions output of an engine, such as a diesel generator, may be determined from the load on the engine and an exhaust volume from the engine. Chemicals such as nitrogen oxide (NOx) may be calculated for a measured load on the engine. The calculation may include determining an air flow (410) in the engine from air pressure measurements (404c) and turbo compressor speed measurements (404g). The calculation may also include determining a gas flow into the engine by deriving fuel flow from known test results. The calculated emissions output may be used to ensure compliance of an engine with environmental regulations. A remote monitoring program may generate alerts when the engine fails to comply with environmental regulations. the engine from air pressure measurements (404c) and turbo compressor speed measurements (404g). The calculation may also include determining a gas flow into the engine by deriving fuel flow from known test results. The calculated emissions output may be used to ensure compliance of an engine with environmental regulations. A remote monitoring program may generate alerts when the engine fails to comply with environmental regulations.
Description
MEASUREMENT OF DIESEL ENGINE-EMISSIONS
CROSS—REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This ation claims priority to US. Provisional Appl. No. 61/524,053 to s
Robertson et al. entitled “Measurement of Diesel Engine Emissions” and filed on August 16,
201 l, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This application is related to nmental testing. More specifically, this
application is related to exhaust testing of marine diesel engines.
BACKGROUND
Engines generally te power by combusting a fuel. Chemical reactions
taking place during combustion in the engine creates t having multiple chemical
compounds, in addition to generation of the power. The chemical nds are exhausted
from the engine into the environment. However, local governing bodies often regulate the
exhaust of chemical compounds into the environment. For example, in the United States the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may regulate the release of certain chemicals into the
environment.
Diesel engines te nitrogen oxide (NOX) during combustion, which is
released through an exhaust system of the diesel engine. NOx is monitored by the EPA, which
places limits on the amount ofNOX that may be exhausted into the environment. r, NOX
is only one of several chemicals produced by engines, whether diesel or other, that is monitored
and restricted. The amount of exhaust and chemicals released by an engine varies with the
operating conditions of the engine. For example, the exhaust generated by an engine may vary
with respect to the load placed on the engine.
Diesel engines are frequently used as power generators when connection to an
electricity grid is unavailable or not functioning. For example, diesel tors may be used on
ships and offshore platforms to generate power for ship—board and on—platform electrical
devices. However, when used as a power generator, diesel engines may be subject to le
loads. FIGURE 1 is a graph illustrating a load on a generator of a ng rig rapidly changing
_ 1 _
over time. A line 102 of a graph 100 illustrates a load of a generator in kilowatts on a y—axis 110
versus time in seconds on an x—axis 112. When the load on the diesel engine rapidly changes,
the t generated by the diesel engine will also rapidly change.
BRIEF Y
ing to a first aspect of the t invention, a method comprises
determining a first load of an engine. The method also comprises determining using a processor,
an exhaust flow of the engine based, at least in part, on an air pressure sensor measurement, an
air ature sensor measurement, and a turbo compressor speed sensor measurement. The
method further comprises calculating using a sor, a quantity of a chemical emitted from
the engine based, in part, on the first load, the exhaust flow, and a density of the al.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a computer program
product comprises a non—transitory computer—readable medium having code to determine a first
load of an engine. The medium also comprises code to determine an exhaust flow of the engine
for the first load based, at least in part, on an air re sensor measurement, an air
temperature sensor measurement, and a turbo compressor speed sensor measurement. The
medium further comprises code to calculate a quantity of a chemical emitted from the engine
based, in part, on the first load, the exhaust flow, and a density of the chemical.
ing to a third aspect of the present invention, an apparatus comprises a
power meter coupled to an output of an engine. The apparatus also comprises an engine r
coupled to the engine. The engine monitor comprises an air pressure sensor, an air temperature
sensor, and a turbo compressor speed sensor. The apparatus further comprises a memory, and a
processor coupled to the power meter, coupled to engine monitor, and d to the memory.
The processor is configured to determine a load of an engine from the power meter. The
processor is also configured to determine an exhaust flow of the engine from the engine monitor.
The processor is further red to calculate a quantity of a chemical emitted from the engine
based, in part, on the first load, the exhaust flow, and a density of the chemical.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical
advantages of the present disclosure in order that the detailed description of the disclosure that
follows may be better tood. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be
described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the disclosure. It should be
appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed
may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the
same es of the present disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that
such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set
forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the
disclosure, both as to its organization and method of ion, together with further objects and
advantages will be better understood from the ing description when considered in
tion with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each
of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended
as a definition of the limits of the present sure.
[0008a] The term ‘comprising’ as used in this specification and claims means
‘consisting at least in part of’. When interpreting statements in this cation and claims
which e the tenn ‘comprising’, other features besides the es prefaced by this term in
each statement can also be present. Related terms such as ‘comprise’ and ‘comprised’ are to be
interpreted in a similar manner.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now
made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIGURE 1 is a graph illustrating a load on a generator of a drilling rig rapidly
changing over time.
FIGURE 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for calculating the emissions
of an engine ing to one embodiment of the disclosure.
FIGURE 3 is a ssor map for the turbocharger of an engine according
to one embodiment of the disclosure.
FIGURE 4 is a flow chart rating a method for obtaining values for
calculating the emissions of an engine according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
FIGURE 5 is a block diagram illustrating an tus for calculating the
emissions of an engine according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
FIGURE 6 is a screen shot of a computer program for recording emissions of
an engine according to one ment of the disclosure.
FIGURE 7 is a block diagram illustrating a computer system according to one
embodiment of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Emissions for an engine, such as a diesel engine, may be determined by
measuring parameters obtained from the engine and/or other components and using those
parameters to calculate a quantity of emissions. The quantity may be, for example, a value in
grams per kilowatt—hour output generated by the engine. Quantities of different chemicals
emitted by the engine may be determined from the y of the chemical of interest, engine
load, exhaust volume, and/or other parameters. In one ment, nitrogen oxide (NOX)
emission quantities are determined from the load on the engine and the exhaust volume emitted
from the engine.
FIGURE 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for calculating the emissions
of an engine ing to one embodiment of the disclosure. A method 200 begins at block 202
with determining a load of an engine. According to one embodiment, the engine shaft load may
be calculated from an electrical switchboard load. According to another embodiment, the engine
total load is the engine shaft load.
The method 200 continues to block 204 with ining an exhaust volume
from the engine. The exhaust volume may be determined from one or more components such
as, for example, the sum of fuel flow and air flow.
According to one embodiment, air flow may be determined from a
compressor map based, in part, on engine charge air pressure and verified with turbo compressor
speed. The air pressure and the turbo compressor speed may be measured by an engine monitor
sensor and reported to a sor. The sor may be configured to access a compressor
map stored in memory. The memory may e a number of compressor maps, each
ssor map appropriate for a certain engine. FIGURE 3 is a compressor map for a
turbocharger according to one embodiment of the disclosure. A graph 300 may include an x—
axis 304 having sing air pressure values. The graph 300 may also e a y-axis 302
having increasing turbo compressor rotation valves. A line 310 of the graph 300 may connect
air pressure ratios on the y—axis 302 with turbo compressor air flow in m3/s on the x—axis 304.
Fuel flow may be determined based on the engine test bed results giving the
fuel consumption in g/kW*hr and the measured load of the engine. For example, under higher
loads the engine consumes additional fuel. According to one embodiment, for engines with a
high ratio (e.g., 25:1 to 75:1) of air flow to fuel flow, a look—up table of fuel flows for different
engine loads may be stored in memory and referenced. Because the ratio of air flow to fuel flow
is very high and the amount of fuel flow is low compared to air flow, errors in fuel flow
quantities do not uce large errors to the calculation of exhaust volume. Thus, look-up
values, even though based on estimates instead of actual measurements, may be used in
determining the fuel flow without adding large error to t volume determinations.
ing to another embodiment, engines with a lower ratio of air flow to fuel flow may have
engine monitors for measuring the fuel flow, either continuously or at specified intervals.
Referring back to FIGURE 2, the method 200 then continues to block 206
with calculating a quantity of a chemical emitted from the engine based, in part, on the load, the
exhaust , and a density of the chemical. The quantity calculated may be determined from
the equation
Q = p / L * VE,
where Q is the quantity in grams per kilowatt hour, p is the density of the chemical of interest, L
is the load on the engine, and VE is the exhaust volume generated by the . The density, p,
may be ated as
p=ppm* k* MW/T,
where ppm is the parts per million concentration for the chemical, k is the proportionality
constant, MW is the molecular weight of the chemical, and T is a temperature of the exhaust.
According to one ment, the emission quantity of nitrogen oxide (NOX) may be calculated
by setting MW= 46.01 and k = 12.187. The proportionality constant, k, may be calculated from
_ 5 _
k =W
1 ~ 0.012(HA — 10.71) — 5(TA — 298) + 0.00285(T5C — TSCM)
where Ha is the inlet air humidity as measured with the daily engine parameters, Ta is the inlet
air temperature measured in Kelvins, Tsc is the charge air temperature, and Tscr is the reference
charge air temperature.
The method 200 of FIGURE 2 may be performed continuously for an engine
to calculate continuous emissions from the engine. According to another embodiment, the
method 200 may be performed at discrete time intervals, defining a sampling rate. The sampling
rate may be selected at a rate sufficient to capture changes in the engine load. For example, if
engine load is rapidly changing, then the sampling rate may be higher than when the engine load
is relatively constant. According to one embodiment, the sampling rate may be twice per
minute, or one measurement every 30 second.
FIGURE 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method 400 for obtaining values for
calculating the emissions of an engine according to one ment of the disclosure. A
specific density for a al, such as nitrogen oxide (NOX), is computed at block 406 after
ing an emissions concentration for the chemical fi‘om block 402 and an engine room or air
inlet temperature from block 404a. The specific density determined at block 406 is relayed to
block 424 for use in calculating a quantity of ons of the chemical.
At block 408, a shaft kW reading is calculated after receiving a kilowatt
(KW) reading from block 404b. Block 404b may receive a kW reading from, for example, an
electrical switchboard or a ement at the engine shaft. The kW reading is relayed to block
424 for use in calculating a quantity of emissions of the chemical.
At block 410, an air flow value is calculated after receiving an air pressure
from block 4040, an air temperature from block 404d, and an ER. pressure from block 404e. At
block 414 an air flow is calculated from a turbo compressor speed received from block 404g.
The air flow calculation of block 410 is compared to the air flow ation of block 414 at
block 416. At block 418, it is determined whether the calculation of block 410 and/or the
calculation of block 414 are within a certain range, For example, block 418 may test if the
calculations are within five percent of each other. If the calculations are e of the range in
block 418 then an ul of the turbo compressor may be performed at block 420. After the
_ 6 i.
overhaul the calculations may be med again. If the calculations are within the range at
block 418 then a gas flow is calculated from the air flow at block 422.
The gas flow calculation at block 422 may be based, in part, on the air flow
calculated at block 410 and/or block 414. The gas flow calculation at block 422 may also be
based, in part, on a fuel flow value calculated at block 412. According to one embodiment, the
fuel flow calculated at block 412 may be derived from fuel flow test results received at block
404f. As described above, when the ratio of air flow to fuel flow is high, error introduced by
deriving fuel flow from test results may not have a large impact on error in the calculation of
emissions from the engine.
At block 424, emissions quantities may be calculated based, in part, on values
received from the specific density calculation at block 406, the shaft reading ated at block
408, and the gas flow calculated at block 422. According to one embodiment, the calculation
may be performed according to the equation
Q = P / L * VE,
as described above with reference to FIGURE 2. The resulting value may be a quantity in units
of grams per kilowatt—hour.
FIGURE 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for calculating the
emissions of an engine according to one embodiment of the disclosure. A system 500 es
an engine 502 and includes a sor 514 for determining a quantity of emissions from the
engine 502. The processor 514 may be coupled to an engine monitor 508 for receiving air
re, air temperature, and/or turbo ssor speed values. The engine monitor 508 may
include a number of s, or be coupled to a number of sensors within the engine 502, such as
a ter and/or a thermometer. According to one embodiment, the processor 514 may be
coupled to the engine monitor 508 through three separate signal lines. According to another
embodiment, the processor 514 may be coupled to the engine monitor 508 through a
communication bus such as, for example, an RS—232 bus or an Ethernet bus. Although only one
engine 502 is illustrated in FIGURE 5, a system, such as on a drilling rig, may include more than
one engine 502 coupled in series or parallel.
The processor 514 may also be coupled to an ambient sensor 510 near or
located in the engine 502. The ambient sensor 510 may include sensors for ining an
ambient ature, an ambient air pressure, and/or relative humidity.
The processor 514 may further be coupled to a composition analyzer 512.
The composition analyzer may be located in an exhaust system coupled to the engine 502 or
located near a vent of the t system for the engine 502. The composition er 512 may
include one or more sensors for detecting composition of the exhaust. For example, the
composition analyzer 512 may include sensors for detecting concentration of nitrogen oxide
(NO and/or N02), carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (CO and/or C02), sulfur oxide (SO
and/or 802), water (H20), and/or particulate .
The processor 514 may also be coupled to an engine management system 516.
The engine management system 516 may determine and log ters related to the operation
of the engine 502. For e, the engine management system 516 may monitor engine power,
air pressure, air temperature, and/or turbo compressor speed.
The processor 514 may further be coupled to a power monitor 504. The
power monitor 504 may be d to a power meter 506, such as a wattmeter, a voltmeter,
and/or an ammeter, which is coupled to an output of the engine 502. According to one
embodiment, the power monitor 504 may be an electrical switchboard, or the power monitor 504
may be coupled to an electrical switchboard including a meter 506.
The processor 514 may also be coupled to memory having a table 518 storing
user input values for use in determining emissions quantities from the engine 502. For example,
the table 518 may include generator efficiency and/or fuel flow. Values for the table 518 may be
stored by a user in a database stored in memory (not shown) coupled to the sor 514. The
user may input the values through an input device such as a touchpad, keyboard, and/or mouse.
According to one embodiment, the values for the table 518 may be set by a user through a
network connection, such as an Internet connection.
The processor 514 may r be coupled to a calibration table 520. The
calibration table 520 may store zero values and/or span values for calibrating calculations
performed by the processor 514 and/or calibrating measurements received from the engine
monitor 508, the composition analyzer 512, the ambient sensor 510, and/or the power monitor
504. According to one embodiment, the table 520 may include zero values and span values for
each chemical of the exhaust being monitored. For example, the table 520 may include a zero
value and a span value for nitrogen oxide, and a zero value and a span value for carbon dioxide.
The processor 514 and one or more of the blocks 504, 508, 510, 512, 516, 518,
and 520 may be incorporated into an tus for monitoring exhaust from an . The
apparatus may be implemented alongside one or more engines to monitor emissions in exhaust
from the engines for monitoring or reporting for regulatory purposes.
The emissions calculations performed by the processor 514 may be monitored
remotely. A remote monitoring program may e the emissions calculations from the
sor 514 and other values received by the processor 514 from blocks 504, 508, 510, 512,
516, 518, and 520. FIGURE 6 is a screen shot of a computer program for monitoring and/or
recording emissions of an engine according to one embodiment of the disclosure. A window
600 may allow for viewing of data, such as emissions values and operating parameters of an
engine. For example, the window 600 may include displays for maintenance plans, maintenance
history, alarm history, isolation points, tags, manufacturer information, cations,
maintenance ures, and/or checks and measures. A checks and measures tab 608 may be
selected to display data regarding at least one engine in the window 600. After selecting the tab
608, an emissions value for one or more als may be displayed. For example, a line 610 of
the window 600 displays NOx tration ined for an engine. The line 610 may
display data received from a processor, such as the processor 514 of FIGURE 5, which may be
calculated according to the method 200 of FIGURE 2.
According to one embodiment, alarms may be set through the remote
monitoring program of the window 600 to alert engineers to potential problems with an engine.
For example, an alarm may be set when the NOX concentration falls below 5 g/kW—hr or exceeds
14.5 g/kW—hr. The alarm range may be selected based, in part, on regulatory laws. For
example, the alarm values may be set narrower than the emissions d by nmental
regulations such that an engineer is alerted to an emissions problem before nmental
regulations are broken, which may result in fines against the operator of the engine. When the
determined NOx concentration is above or below the alarm set points, an alarm message is
generated and transmitted to an engineer. The alarm message may be a text message, a pager
ation, an electronic message, a siren, and/or an indicator light.
According to another embodiment, a valid range may be set through the
remote monitoring program of the window 600 to alert engineers to potential problems with
sensors or ations. For example, a valid range may be set for the NOX concentration of
between 5 and 30 g/kW—hr. When the determined NOx concentration is above or below the valid
range a notification may be transmitted similar to the alarm message. ing to one
embodiment, the outside—of—valid—range notifications may have a lower ty than the alarm
messages. Thus, the outside—of—valid—range notifications may have a less urgent notification
system.
A computer system may be used to display the window 600 of FIGURE 6 and
receive user input through the window 600. FIGURE 7 illustrates a computer system 700. The
central processing unit (“CPU”) 702 is coupled to the system bus 704. The CPU 702 may be a
general purpose CPU or microprocessor, graphics processing unit (“GPU”), and/or
microcontroller. The present embodiments are not restricted by the architecture of the CPU 702
so long as the CPU 702, whether directly or indirectly, ts the modules and ions as
described herein. The CPU 702 may execute the various logical instructions according to the
t embodiments.
The computer system 700 also may include random access memory (RAM)
708, which may be synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM , and/or synchronous
dynamic RAM (SDRAM). The computer system 700 may utilize RAM 708 to store the various
data structures used by a software application such as alarm values and valid range values. The
er system 700 may also e read only memory (ROM) 706 which may be PROM,
EPROM, EEPROM, or optical storage. The ROM may store configuration information for
booting the computer system 700. The RAM 708 and the ROM 706 hold user and system data.
The computer system 700 may also e an input/output (l/O) adapter 710,
a communications adapter 714, a user interface adapter 716, and a display adapter 722. The 1/0
adapter 710 and/or the user interface adapter 716 may, in certain embodiments, enable a user to
interact with the computer system 700. In a further ment, the display adapter 722 may
-10..
display a graphical user interface, such as the window 600 of FIGURE 6, associated with a
re or sed application on a display device 724, such as a monitor or touch screen.
The 1/0 adapter 710 may couple one or more storage devices 712, such as one
or more of a hard drive, a flash drive, a compact disc (CD) drive, a floppy disk drive, and a tape
drive, to the computer system 700. The communications adapter 714 may be adapted to couple
the computer system 700 to a network, which may be one or more of a LAN, WAN, and/or the
Internet. The communications adapter 714 may be adapted to couple the computer system 700
to a storage device 712. The user interface adapter 716 couples user input devices, such as a
keyboard 720, a pointing device 718, and/or a touch screen (not shown) to the computer system
700. The diSplay adapter 722 may be driven by the CPU 702 to control the display on the
display device 724.
The applications of the present disclosure are not limited to the architecture of
computer system 700. Rather the computer system 700 is provided as an example of one type of
computing device that may be adapted to perform the functions of a user interface device. For
example, any suitable processor—based device may be utilized including, without limitation,
personal data ants (PDAS), tablet computers, smartphones, computer game consoles, and
multi—processor servers. Moreover, the s and methods of the present disclosure may be
implemented on application c ated circuits (ASIC), very large scale integrated
(VLSI) circuits, or other try. In fact, persons of ordinary skill in the art may utilize any
number of suitable structures capable of executing l operations according to the described
embodiments.
If implemented in firmware and/or software, the functions described above,
such as in FIGURE 2 and FIGURE 4 may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a
computer—readable . Examples include non—transitory computer-readable media encoded
with a data structure and computer—readable media encoded with a computer program.
er-readable media includes physical computer storage media. A storage medium may be
any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not
limitation, such computer—readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD—ROM or
other optical disc e, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other
medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data
structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes
_ 11 _
compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, l versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu—ray
disc, Where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, While discs reproduce data optically.
Combinations of the above should also be ed Within the scope of computer—readable
media.
In addition to storage on computer le medium, ctions and/or data
may be ed as signals on transmission media included in a communication apparatus. For
example, a communication apparatus may include a transceiver having signals tive of
instructions and data. The instructions and data are configured to cause one or more processors
to implement the functions ed in the claims.
Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in
detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made
herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended
claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the
particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means,
methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily
appreciate from the disclosure of the present disclosure, processes, machines, cture,
compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that
perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the
corresponding embodiments bed herein may be utilized according to the present
sure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such
processes, machines, manufacnire, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
_12_
Claims (23)
- l. A method, comprising: determining using a processor, a first load of an engine; determining an exhaust flow of the engine for the first load based, at least in part, on an air pressure sensor measurement, an air ature sensor measurement, and a turbo compressor speed sensor ement; and calculating using a sor, a first quantity of a chemical d from the engine based, in part, on the first load, the exhaust flow, and a density of the chemical.
- 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a second load of the engine; determining a second exhaust flow of the engine for the second load; and calculating a second quantity of the chemical emitted from the engine based, in part, on the second load, the second exhaust flow, and the density of the chemical, in which the determining of the second load and the determining of the first load are performed at discrete times defined, in part, by a sampling rate.
- 3. The method of claim 1, in which the step of determining the first load comprises at least one of determining a load from an electrical switchboard, determining a load from an engine shaft, and measuring a load from a generator efficiency.
- 4. The method of claim 1, in which the step of determining the exhaust flow comprises: determining an air flow; and determining a fuel flow, wherein ining the exhaust flow is based, at least in part, on the determined air flow and the fuel flow. -13_
- 5. The method of claim 4, in which the step of determining the air flow ses determining the air flow based, in part, on a pressure ratio of exhaust of the engine and a rotation rate of a turbo compressor of the engine.
- 6. The method of claim 5, in which the step of determining the air flow comprises determining the air flow from a compressor map of the turbocharger.
- 7. The method of claim 4, in which the step of determining the fuel flow comprises looking up a value in a fuel flow table.
- 8. The method of claim 1, in which the step of calculating a ty of a chemical comprises calculating a quantity of nitrogen oxide (NOx).
- 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising ting an alert when the quantity of the chemical exceeds a first value.
- 10. A computer program product, sing: a non—transitory computer—readable medium comprising: code to determine a first load of an engine; code to determine an exhaust flow of the engine for the first load based, at least in part, on an air re sensor measurement, an air temperature sensor measurement, and a turbo compressor speed sensor measurement; and code to calculate a quantity of a chemical emitted from the engine based, in part, on the first load, the exhaust flow, and a density of the chemical.
- 11. The computer program product of claim 10, in which the medium further comprises: code to determine a second load of the engine; code to determine a second exhaust flow of the ; and code to calculate a second quantity of the chemical emitted from the engine based, in part, on the second load, the second exhaust flow, and the y of the chemical, -14_ in which the code to determine the second load and the code to ine the first load are execute at discrete times defined, in part, by a ng rate.
- 12. The computer m product of claim 10, in which the code to determine the exhaust flow comprises: code to determine an air flow; and code to determine a fuel flow, wherein determining the exhaust flow is based, at least in part, on the deteimined air flow and the fuel flow.
- 13. The computer program product of claim 12, in which the code to determine the air flow comprises code to determine the air flow from a compressor map of the engine.
- 14. The computer program product of claim 10, in which the code to calculate the quantity of the chemical comprises code to ate a quantity of nitrogen oxide (NOX).
- 15. An apparatus, comprising: a power meter coupled to an output of an engine; an engine monitor coupled to the engine, the engine monitor comprising: an air pressure sensor; an air temperature ; and a turbo compressor speed sensor; a memory; and a sor coupled to the power meter, coupled to the engine monitor, and coupled to the memory, in which the processor is configured: to determine a first load of the engine from the power meter; to determine an exhaust flow of the engine from the engine monitor; and -15_ to ate a ty of a chemical emitted from the engine based, in part, on the first load, the exhaust flow, and a density of the chemical.
- 16. The apparatus of claim 15 in which the processor is configured to determine the exhaust flow of the engine based, in part, on an air flow in the engine and a fuel flow in the engine.
- 17. The apparatus of claim 16, in which the processor is configured: to receive an air re measurement from the air pressure sensor; to receive a turbo compressor speed from the turbo compressor speed sensor; and to determine the air flow based, in part, on the air pressure measurement and the turbo compressor speed.
- 18. The apparatus of claim 17, in which the processor is configured: to determine the air flow based, in part, on a compressor map for the turbo compressor stored in the memory; and to determine the fuel flow based, in part, on a fuel flow for the engine stored in the 11’161T101‘y.
- 19. The apparatus of claim 15, in which the processor is configured to calculate a quantity of en oxide (NOX).
- 20. The method of claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment disclosed.
- 21. The computer program t of claim 10, substantially as herein described with nce to any ment disclosed.
- 22. The apparatus of claim 15, substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment disclosed.
- 23. A method of measuring an exhaust of a diesel engine, substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment shown in
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161524053P | 2011-08-16 | 2011-08-16 | |
US61/524,053 | 2011-08-16 | ||
PCT/US2012/050292 WO2013025482A1 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2012-08-10 | Measurement of diesel engine emissions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ620276A NZ620276A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
NZ620276B2 true NZ620276B2 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
Family
ID=
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2012295349B2 (en) | Measurement of diesel engine emissions | |
JP5844978B2 (en) | System and method for monitoring a gas turbine | |
Aldous et al. | Uncertainty analysis in ship performance monitoring | |
CN102566421A (en) | System and method for modeling conditional dependence for anomaly detection in machine condition monitoring | |
JP6240220B2 (en) | Method and system for predicting engine life cycle | |
CN117664281B (en) | Ultrasonic water meter fault detection and automatic calibration method and system based on Internet of Things | |
EP2458178A2 (en) | Turbine performance diagnositic system and methods | |
Tsalavoutas et al. | Combining advanced data analysis methods for the constitution of an integrated gas turbine condition monitoring and diagnostic system | |
CN105737922B (en) | Marine low speed Rate of Fuel Consumption of Diesel method for early warning and device | |
Bechhoefer et al. | A state-space model for vibration based prognostics | |
CN110441727B (en) | Method and device for evaluating state of electric energy meter calibrator | |
NZ620276B2 (en) | Measurement of diesel engine emissions | |
CN108710751B (en) | Method and device for identifying local connection looseness of power transmission tower | |
OA16713A (en) | Measurement of diesel engine emissions | |
Orsagh et al. | Development of performance and effectiveness metrics for gas turbine diagnostic technologies | |
Chana et al. | Disk crack detection and prognosis using non contact time of arrival sensors | |
CN106370419A (en) | Vibration response non-linearity based transmission shaft crack positioning and detecting method | |
JP2021110977A (en) | Diagnostic device, diagnostic method and program | |
Fang et al. | Random-sampling-based performance evaluation method of fault detection and diagnosis for railway traction system | |
EP2587029B1 (en) | A power plant analyzer for analyzing a plurality of power plants | |
CN113159411B (en) | Method and system for testing power grid meteorological risk early warning model | |
Kumar et al. | Quantification and sensitivity analysis of uncertainties in turbocharger compressor gas stand measurements using monte carlo simulation | |
CN117804680A (en) | Hydrogen leakage monitoring system, method, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
CN118229271A (en) | Service life assessment method, device, equipment and medium for nuclear power safety level equipment | |
CN117589384A (en) | Valve internal leakage detection model building method and valve internal leakage quantitative detection method |