NZ617482B2 - Process for the production of paper and board - Google Patents
Process for the production of paper and board Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ617482B2 NZ617482B2 NZ617482A NZ61748212A NZ617482B2 NZ 617482 B2 NZ617482 B2 NZ 617482B2 NZ 617482 A NZ617482 A NZ 617482A NZ 61748212 A NZ61748212 A NZ 61748212A NZ 617482 B2 NZ617482 B2 NZ 617482B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- cationic
- filler
- paper
- mixing zone
- anionic
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 177
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229920001586 anionic polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000004836 anionic polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-chloroethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- -1 silicate sulphates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003068 static Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoguanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical compound NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940105329 Carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- IYJYQHRNMMNLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium aluminate Chemical compound [Na+].O=[Al-]=O IYJYQHRNMMNLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001112 coagulant Effects 0.000 description 5
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolnitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCN(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCO[N+]([O-])=O HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010042602 Supraventricular extrasystoles Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulphite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N al2o3 Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KARVSHNNUWMXFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KARVSHNNUWMXFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSEBKJRVPMLGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].OCC[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CCl WSEBKJRVPMLGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CSPHGSFZFWKVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CCl CSPHGSFZFWKVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H Aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L CHEBI:8154 Chemical group [O-]P([O-])=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000005497 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000057 Mannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001016 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100014311 THEM4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101700081616 THEM4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940035295 Ting Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 240000008529 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003064 carboxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003090 carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PWZFXELTLAQOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O PWZFXELTLAQOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001725 motukoreaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxalate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 wheat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N α-D-galactose Chemical class OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/34—Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
- B01J2231/341—1,2-additions, e.g. aldol or Knoevenagel condensations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0205—Oxygen-containing compounds comprising carbonyl groups or oxygen-containing derivatives, e.g. acetals, ketals, cyclic peroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0239—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0255—Phosphorus containing compounds
- B01J31/0267—Phosphines or phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphorus bonded to at least one carbon atom, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, the other atoms bonded to phosphorus being either carbon or hydrogen
- B01J31/0268—Phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphine with an additional hydrogen or carbon atom bonded to phosphorous so as to result in a formal positive charge on phosphorous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/25—Cellulose
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/25—Cellulose
- D21H17/26—Ethers thereof
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
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- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
- D21H17/375—Poly(meth)acrylamide
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
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- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
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- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/55—Polyamides; Polyaminoamides; Polyester-amides
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
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- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/56—Polyamines; Polyimines; Polyester-imides
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/69—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/71—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes
- D21H17/74—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes of organic and inorganic material
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- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
- D21H21/10—Retention agents or drainage improvers
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- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
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- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
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- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
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- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
- D21H23/12—Controlling the addition by measuring properties of the formed web
Abstract
The disclosure relates to a process for the production of paper and board which comprises: (a) introducing one or more fillers, one or more anionic polysaccharides and one or more cationic agents into a mixing zone to form a filler composition; (b) introducing by means of a pump the filler composition into an aqueous suspension comprising cellulosic fibres; and (c) dewatering the obtained suspension; wherein the process further comprises: (i) providing a thickness specification for the paper or board to be produced; (ii) measuring the thickness of the paper or board being produced; (iii) comparing the measured thickness with the thickness specification to identify any difference in thickness; and (iv) optionally reducing the thickness difference to provide paper or board meeting the thickness specification by adjusting the dosage of filler composition and thereby adjusting the filler content of the paper or board. Also described is a process for the production of a filler composition which comprises: (a) introducing one or more fillers, one or more anionic polysaccharides and one or more cationic agents into a mixing zone to form a filler composition, wherein (i) the one or more fillers and the one or more anionic polysaccharides are mixed in the mixing zone to form a filler pre-mix and then the one or more cationic agents are introduced into the mixing zone to form the filler composition, and/or (ii) the one or more fillers and the one or more anionic polysaccharides are mixed in a filler pre-mixing zone to form a filler pre-mix and then introducing the filler pre-mix into the mixing zone; (b) introducing by means of a pump the filler composition into a storage tank. on into an aqueous suspension comprising cellulosic fibres; and (c) dewatering the obtained suspension; wherein the process further comprises: (i) providing a thickness specification for the paper or board to be produced; (ii) measuring the thickness of the paper or board being produced; (iii) comparing the measured thickness with the thickness specification to identify any difference in thickness; and (iv) optionally reducing the thickness difference to provide paper or board meeting the thickness specification by adjusting the dosage of filler composition and thereby adjusting the filler content of the paper or board. Also described is a process for the production of a filler composition which comprises: (a) introducing one or more fillers, one or more anionic polysaccharides and one or more cationic agents into a mixing zone to form a filler composition, wherein (i) the one or more fillers and the one or more anionic polysaccharides are mixed in the mixing zone to form a filler pre-mix and then the one or more cationic agents are introduced into the mixing zone to form the filler composition, and/or (ii) the one or more fillers and the one or more anionic polysaccharides are mixed in a filler pre-mixing zone to form a filler pre-mix and then introducing the filler pre-mix into the mixing zone; (b) introducing by means of a pump the filler composition into a storage tank.
Description
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PAPER AND BOARD
Field of the ion
The t invention relates to a process for the production of paper and board. More
specifically, the invention relates to a process for the tion of a filler composition
suitable for use in paper and board making processes, and a process for the production of
paper and board in which a filler composition is introduced into a cellulosic suspension.
Background of the invention
Fillers and filler compositions are well known and widely used in paper making
applications in order to reduce paper costs by replacing relatively expensive virgin
cellulosic fibers by less expensive filler. Fillers also make it possible to improve certain
paper properties such as, for example, surface smoothness, printability and optical
properties like opacity and brightness. However, other paper ties may be adversely
affected. For instance, filled paper usually exhibit lower strength properties compared to
unfilled paper.
Filled paper is conventionally produced to meet a certain specification, e.g. tensile strength,
tensile stiffness, Scott Bond, ess, grammage, filler content, etc. When producing paper
at a ed grammage, it has been observed that the paper ess is reduced when the
filler content is increased. Paper thickness out of specification may give rise to handling
problems, for example in high-speed conversion and e operations.
A thickness reduction in the filled paper may be compensated by increasing the grammage,
i.e. increasing the amount of osic fibre and filler used in the process in the proportions
according to the specification, meaning that the overall production costs will increase. A
thickness reduction may also be sated by ing part of the regular
sulphate/sulphite pulps by bulky pulps, e.g. BCTMP (bulky CTMP). However, there may be
drawbacks and problems associated with the use of such pulps.
Accordingly, there is still a need for processes for the production of filled paper and board with
improved thickness control, improved runnability in high-speed conversion and end-use
operations, and ed or maintained strength properties. There is also a need for
processes for producing filler compositions which impart the above properties and advantages
to paper and board.
Summag of the Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of paper and
board with improved thickness control, i.e. maintained thickness or at least reduced loss of
thickness, in particular when increasing the filler content of the paper and board produced. It is
r object of the invention to provide a process for the production of filled paper and
board which have ed runnability in high-speed conversion and end-use operations.
Hereby it is possible to avoid or at least reduce any handling and runnability problems
caused by the paper thickness being out of specification, e.g. double feeds orjams in copiers,
1O reduced operating speed in forms presses and other converting machines, and registration
errors on printing and envelope-folding machines.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a process for the production of filled
paper and board which have maintained or improved strength properties, in particular when
increasing the filler content of the paper and board produced. Strength properties of filled
paper and board produced by the invention that may be substantially ined or
improved e tensile strength, tensile stiffness, bending resistance, z—strength, Scott
Bond and wax pick.
It is yet another object of vention to provide a process for the production of paper and
board in which the content of filler and the proportion of filler to other components present
in a filler composition can be easily adjusted in se to any thickness deviation, e.g.
deviation from the thickness specification, to provide filled paper and board having a
ess within the specification and maintained or improved strength properties.
The foregoing objects should be read ctively with the object of at least providing the
public with a useful .
By using the ion it is possible to reduce the fibre content and increase the filler
content of paper and board while ing improved thickness control and maintained or
increased strength properties of the paper or board produced. Paper ess out of
specification may give rise to handling problems, for example in high-speed conversion and
end-use operations. Examples of such problems include double feeds or jams in copiers,
reduced operating speed in forms presses and other ting machines, and registration
errors on printing and envelope-folding machines.
Hereby it is possible to reduce virgin cellulosic fibre usage, increase filler loadings while
maintaining the strength ties and to provide an improved paper and board making
process, which leads to environmental and economic benefits.
W0 2012/168204 3 2012/060541
it is still r object of the invention to provide a method for the production of a filler
composition which is suitable for use in paper and board making processes in which the
proportion of filler to other components present in a filler composition can be easily
adjusted.
Accordingly, in one aspect, the t invention s to a s for the production of
paper and board which comprises:
(a) introducing one or more fillers, one or more c polysaccharides and one or more
cationic agents into a mixing zone to form a filler composition;
(b) introducing by means of a pump the filler composition into an aqueous suspension
comprising cellulosic fibres; and
(c) dewatering the obtained suspension.
In another , the present invention relates to a process for the production of a filler
composition which comprises:
(a) introducing one or more fillers, one or more anionic polysaccharides and one or more
cationic agents into a mixing zone to form a filler ition;
(b) introducing by means of a pump the filler composition into a storage tank.
These and other objects and aspects of the invention will be described in further detail
hereinafter.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention comprises the use of one or more fillers. The term “filler”, as used
, is meant to include synthetic and natural mineral fillers and pigments, including
porous, bulky, plastic and expandable fillers and pigments. Examples of le fillers
according to the invention include wollastonites, ites, e.g. kaolin, china clay, calcined
clay, titanium e, gypsum, talcites, e.g. talc, hydrotalcite, manasseite, pyroaurite,
sjogrenite, stichtite, barbertonite, takovite, reevesite, desautelsite, motukoreaite,
wermlandite, meixnerite, coalingite, chloromagalumite, carrboydite, honessite,
woodwardite, iowaite, hydrohonessite and mountkeithite, silicas, e.g. precipitated silica and
precipitated alumino silicates, smectites, e.g. montmorillonite / bentonite, hectorite, beidelite,
nontronite and saponite, hydrogenated aluminum oxides (aluminum roxides), calcium
sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium oxalate, as well as natural and synthetic calcium
carbonates. Examples of suitable natural and synthetic calcium carbonates include chalk,
WO 68204 4
ground marble, ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and itated calcium carbonate (PCC),
including any of the s crystalline forms or morphologies that exist, e.g. calcite of
rhombohedral, prismatic, tabular, cuboid and scalenohedral forms and aragonite of
acicular form. The one or more fillers are suitably selected from kaolin, calcium carbonate,
e.g. ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof. The
one or more fillers are suitably used in the form of an aqueous slurry.
The present invention ses the use of one or more anionic polysaccharides. Suitably
the one or more anionic polysaccharides are water-dispersable or water-soluble, preferably
1O water—soluble or at least partly water-soluble. The one or more c polysaccharides are
ly used in the form of an aqueous composition. The one or more anionic
polysaccharides contain anionic groups, which can be native and/or introduced by chemical
treatment of the polysaccharide. Examples of native anionic polysaccharides include native
potato starch, which contains a substantial amount of covalently bound phosphate monoester
groups. The one or more anionic ccharides may also contain cationic groups as
long as the polysaccharide is net anionic, or has a net anionic charge, i.e. the number of
c groups is higher than the number of cationic groups, or the degree of substitution
or c groups is higher than the degree of substitution or cationic groups. Preferably,
the one or more anionic polysaccharides are free or substantially free from cationic
groups.
es of suitable anionic groups that can be present in the one or more anionic
polysaccharides e carboxylate, e.g. carboxyalkyl, sulphate, sulphonate, e.g.
sulphoalkyl, phosphate and phosphonate groups in which the alkyl group can be methyl,
ethyl propyl and mixtures f, suitably methyl; suitably the one or more anionic
polysaccharides contain an anionic group comprising a carboxylate group, e.g. a
carboxyalkyl group. The counter-ion of the anionic group is usually an alkali metal or
alkaline earth metal, ly sodium. The anionic groups can also exist in their acid form,
whereby the corresponding anionic groups are formed in an aqueous environment.
Examples of suitable cationic groups that can be present in the one or more c
polysaccharides include salts of amines, suitably salts of tertiary amines, and quaternary
ammonium groups, preferably nary ammonium groups. Examples of suitable
anionic polysaccharides containing cationic groups include those ed by reacting the
anionic polysaccharide with a quaternization agent selected from 2, 3-epoxypropyl
hyl ammonium chloride, 3-chloro-2—hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and
mixtures thereof.
WO 68204 5
The one or more anionic polysaccharides of the invention can contain non-ionic groups
such as alkyl or hydroxy alkyl groups, e.g. hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl,
hydroxylbutyl and mixtures thereof, e.g. hydroxyethyl methyl, hydroxypropyl methyl,
hydroxybutyl , hydroxyethyl ethyl, hydroxypropoyl and the like. In a preferred
embodiment of the invention, the anionic polysaccharide ns both anionic and non-
lonic groups.
Examples of le anionic polysaccharides of the invention include s, e.g.
1O dextrans and oses, galactomannans, e.g. guar gums, chitins, chitosans, s,
galactans, xanthan gums, pectins, mannans, dextrins, alginates and carragenanes. Examples
of suitable starches include potato, corn, wheat, tapioca, rice, waxy maize, etc. Preferably, the
anionic polysaccharide is selected from cellulose derivatives, preferably anionic cellulose
ethers. Examples of suitable anionic polysaccharides and cellulose derivatives include
carboxyalkyl celluloses, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, carboxy-
propyl cellulose, sulphoethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl
cellulose (“CM-HEC”), carboxymethyl cellulose wherein the ose is tuted with
one or more non-ionic substituents, preferably ymethyl cellulose (“CMC”). es
of suitable cellulose derivatives include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,785, which
is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The one or more anionic polysaccharides usually have a degree of substitution of anionic
groups of at least about 0.001 or at least about 0.01, suitably at least about 0.05 or at
least about 0.10 and preferably at least about 0.15, and the degree of substitution of
anionic groups is usually up to about 1.0 or up to about 0.75, suitably up to about 0.65 or
up to about 0.50 and preferably up to about 0.45.
The one or more anionic polysaccharides usually have a weight average molecular weight
of at least 2,000 Dalton or at least about 5,000 , suitably at least 50,000 Dalton or
3O at least about 100,000 Dalton, and the average molecular weight is usually up to about
,000,000 Dalton or up to about 25,000,000 Dalton, suitably up to about 1,000,000
Dalton or up to about 500,000 Dalton.
The present ion comprises the use of one or more cationic agents. The term
nic agent”, as used herein, is meant to include any cationic organic and inorganic
compounds. The term “cationic organic compound”, as used , is also referred to as
a first cationic agent. The term “cationic inorganic compound", as used herein, is also
referred to as a second cationic agent.
Suitable cationic c compounds, or first ic agents, include soluble and
water-dispersible, preferably water-soluble cationic organic compounds. The one or more
cationic agents are suitably used in the form of aqueous compositions. The cationic organic
compound can be synthetic or d from natural sources and rendered cationic.
Examples of suitable cationic organic compounds include cationic organic polymers, e.g.
condensation polymers like cationic polyamines, cationic polyamideamines, cationic
polyethylene imines and cationic dicyandiamide polymers, cationic vinyl addition polymers of
ethylenically rated cationic monomer or monomer blend comprising at least one cationic
monomer like cationic acrylamide—based polymers, ic acrylate-based polymers,
cationic vinylamine / vinylformamide-based rs and ic polymers based on
diallyl dialkyl ammonium chlorides. es of suitable ethylenically unsaturated cationic
monomers include dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)
acrylamides, preferably in quaternised form, and l dimethyl ammonium chloride
(DADMAC). The cationic polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomer are usually prepared
from about 10 to 100 mole % cationic monomer and 0 to 90 mole % other monomer, the sum
of percentages being 100. The amount of cationic monomer is usually at least 80 mole %,
suitably 100 mole %. Suitable, the one or more cationic agents se a cationic
condensation polymer, preferably a cationic polyamine.
The cationic organic compound usually has a weight e molecular weight of at least
about 1,000, suitably at least about 2,000 and preferably at least about 5,000. Usually, the
weight average molecular weight is up to about 000, suitably up to about 2,000,000 and
preferably up to about 700,000. The charge density of the cationic organic nd is
usually at least about 0.2 meq/g, suitably at least about 1 meq/g, and the charge y
is y up to about 15 meq/g, suitably up to about 10 meq/g.
Examples of suitable cationic inorganic nds, or second cationic agents, include
inorganic mono—, di- and polyvalent cations and polyelectrolytes, e.g. aluminum
compounds. Examples of suitable aluminum compounds include alum (aluminum
sulphate), aluminates, e.g. sodium and potassium aluminates, and polyaluminum compounds,
e.g. polyaluminum chlorides, polyaluminum sulphates, polyaluminum silicate tes and
mixtures thereof. Suitably, the one or more cationic agents comprise a polyaluminum
compound, preferably a polyaluminum chloride.
The one or more cationic agents of the invention suitably comprise at least one cationic
organic compound, or first cationic agent, as defined above and one cationic inorganic
compound, or second cationic agent, as defined above. es of suitable
combinations of cationic c and inorganic compounds include cationic organic
polymers and poiyaluminum compounds, suitably a cationic condensation polymer and a
poiyaluminum compound, and preferably cationic polyamine and poiyaluminum chloride.
The process of this invention comprises introducing the one or more fillers, the one or
more anionic polysaccharides and the one or more cationic agents into a mixing zone to
form a filler composition, and then pumping the filler ition into an aqueous
suspension comprising osic fibres, hereinafter also referred to as “cellulosic
suspension”, or pumping the filler composition into a storage tank.
The mixing zone can be a pump, a static mixer, a tank suitable for mixing, e.g. a mixing
chest of a paper or board making machine, or a zone in which streams of the filler, the
anionic polysaccharide and the one or more cationic agents converge. Preferably the
mixing zone is a pump or mixing tank. if the mixing zone is a pump, said pump is then
preferably used to pump the obtained filler composition into the cellulosic suspension in
the paper or board making process, or into the storage tank. If the mixing zone is a mixing
tank, e.g. a mixing chest, the obtained filler ition is then ly introduced by
means of a pump into the cellulosic suspension in the paper or board making process, or
into the storage tank. The storage tank may be any tank in which the filler ition is
stored prior to shipping to a paper or board making machine, or any tank from which the
filler composition is introduced by means of a pump into a cellulosic suspension in a paper
or board making process.
The process may be ted by feeding the one or more s, one or more anionic
polysaccharides and one or more cationic agents in any order and in any pre-mix form to
the mixing zone to form the filler ition. For example, the one or more s and the
one or more anionic polysaccharides may be mixed in the mixing zone to form a filler pre—
mix, and then the one or more cationic agents can be introduced into the mixing zone to
be mixed with the filler pre-mix present therein to form the filler composition.
The process may also be ted by mixing the one or more fillers and the one or more
anionic polysaccharides in a filler pre-mixing zone to form a filler pre-mix, and then
introducing the filler pre—mix into the mixing zone. The filler pre—mixing zone may be a
pump, a static mixer, a tank suitable for mixing, e.g. a mixing chest of a paper or board
making machine, or a zone in which a stream of the filler and a stream of the one or more
anionic polysaccharides converge, e.g. by suitable arrangement of pipes through which
the streams are fed. Preferably the filter xing zone is a pump or a static mixer. If the
filler pre-mixing zone is a mixing tank, e.g. a mixing chest, the filler pre-mix is then suitably
introduced by means of a pump into the mixing zone.
When two or more cationic agents are used in the process, e.g. first and second cationic
agents, the process may be ted by mixing the first ic agent and the second
cationic agent in a cationic agent pre-mixing zone to form a cationic agent x and
then introducing the cationic agent pre-mix into the mixing zone. The cationic agent pre~
mixing zone may be a pump, a static mixer, a tank suitable for mixing, e.g. a mixing chest
of a paper or board making machine, or a zone in which a stream of the first cationic
agent and a stream of the second cationic agent converge. Preferably the cationic agent
pre-mixing zone is a pump or a zone in which streams of the first and second cationic
agents converge, e.g. by suitable arrangement of pipes through which the streams are
fed. If the cationic agent pre-mixing zone is a mixing tank, e.g. a mixing chest, the cationic
agent pre-mix is then suitably introduced by means of a pulp into the mixing zone.
The invention preferably comprises the use of a pump. The term “pump, as used ,
means any pump or equipment having a pump effect. The use of one or more pumps as
bed above provides several benefits and makes it possible to easily adjust the
dosage of filler, anionic ccharide and one or more cationic agents into the mixing
zone, the dosage of filler composition into the cellulosic suspension and thus to adjust
various properties of the paper or board produced, in particular paper and board thickness
and filler content. ly, one or more pump having adjustable pump capacity are used
in this s, in particular in the step of ucing the filler composition into the
cellulosic suspension.
The process ly also comprise providing a thickness specification for the paper or
3O board to be produced, measuring the thickness of the paper or board being produced,
e.g. in—line or manually during or after production, comparing the measured thickness with
the thickness specification to identify any difference in thickness, and optionally reducing
the thickness difference to e paper or board meeting the thickness specification by
adjusting the dosage of filler composition and thereby adjusting the filler content of the
paper or board. Suitably, one or more computers and computer programs are used in
ing the thickness, comparing the measured thickness with the thickness
W0 2012/168204 9
specification, and reducing the ess difference to provide paper or board meeting the
thickness specification by adjusting the filler content.
In the process, the one or more fillers, one or more anionic polysaccharides, one or more
cationic agents, filler composition, filler pre-mix and cationic agent pre-mix are preferably
aqueous, i.e. they preferably n water. Other ents such as, for example,
biocides, preservative agents, by-products of the production process of the filler, anionic
polysaccharide and cationic agents, may of course also be present in the one or more
s, one or more anionic polysaccharides, one or more ic agents, filler
composition, filler pre—mix and ic agent pre-mix.
The one or more fillers, one or more anionic polysaccharides and one or more cationic
agents, also collectively referred to herein as “the components", can be used in the
process and present in the filler composition, filler x and cationic agent pre-mix in
amounts which can vary within wide limits depending on, inter alia, type and number of
components, intended use, d filler content, desired cost savings, desired paper strength,
etc.
The one or more fillers are usually present in the filler ition and filler pre-mix, if used,
in an amount of at least about 1 % by weight, based on the total weight of the filler
composition or filler pre—mix, respectively, suitably at least about 2 % by weight or at least
about 5 % by weight, and preferably at least about 10 % by weight. The one or more fillers are
usually present in the filler composition and filler pre-mix, if used, in an amount of up to 99 %
by weight, based on the total weight of the filler composition or filler pre-mix, respectively,
suitably up to about 75 % by weight or up to about 50 % by weight, and preferably up to about
45 % by weight.
The one or more anionic polysaccharides are y present in the filler composition and
filler pre-mix, if used, in an amount of at least about 1 kg/ton, based on the weight of the
one or more fillers, suitably at least about 2 kg/ton, or at least about 3 kg/ton, and preferably
at least about 5 kg/ton. The one or more anionic ccharides are usually present in the
filler composition and filler pre-mix, if used, in an amount of up to about 100 kg/ton, based
on the weight of , suitably up to about 50 kg/ton, or up to about 30 kg/ton, and preferably
up to about 20 kg/ton.
The one or more cationic agents, eg. first and second cationic , are usually present in
the filler composition and cationic agent pre-mix, if used, in an amount of at least about
wo 2012/168204 10
0.001 kg/ton, based on the weight of filler used in the process, suitably at least about 0.01
kg/ton, or at least about 0.1 kg/ton, and preferably at least about 1.0 kg/ton, and they are
usually present in an amount of up to about 30 kg/ton, based on the weight of the one or
more fillers, ly up to about 15 kg/ton, or up to about 10 kg/ton, and preferably up to
about 5 kg/ton. When the cationic agent is an aluminum compound, the s defined
herein are calculated as A|203 based on the weight of the one or more fillers.
The filler composition usually has a weight ratio of cationic agents to the one or more
anionic polysaccharides from about 10:1 to about 1:1000, suitably from about 2:1 to about
1O 1:100, and ably from about 1:1 to about 1:40.
Water is usually present in the filler composition and filler pre-mix, if used, in an amount of
from about 1 % by weight, based on the total weight of the filler composition or filler pre-
mix, respectively, suitably at least about 25 % by weight or at least about 50 % by weight, and
preferably at least about 55 % by weight. Water is usually present in the filler composition
and filler pre-mix in an amount of up to 99 % by weight, based on the total weight of the
filler composition or filler pre-mix, respectively, suitably up to about 98 % by weight or up to
about 95 % by weight, and preferably up to about 90 % by weight, the sum of percentages
being 100.
According to the invention, the filler composition can be introduced into the cellulosic
sion in amounts which can vary within wide limits depending on, inter alia, type of
cellulosic suspension, type of filler, type of anionic ccharide, type of cationic agents, type
of paper produced, point of addition, etc. The filler composition is usually added to the
cellulosic suspension in an amount of at least about 1 kg/ton, calculated as dry filler based
on dry cellulosic fibres, suitably at least about 10 kg/ton or at least about 50 kg/ton,
preferably at least 100 kg/ton. The filler composition is y added to the cellulosic
suspension in an amount of up to 2000 kg/ton, suitably up to 1500 kg/ton, ably up to
1000 kg/ton or 750 kg/ton, calculated as dry filler based on dry cellulosic fibres. Paper
according to the invention usually has a filler content within the range of from 1 to about 67
% by weight, ly from about 5 to about 50, or from about 10 to about 40, preferably
from about 20 to about 35, of from about 25 to about 35 % by weight.
Preferably, the components used in the process are mixed in the mixing zone, the
ing filler composition is pumped to and introduced into the cellulosic suspension
where the components of the filler composition are mixed with the cellulosic , the
ed suspension is fed to a headbox which ejects the suspension onto a forming wire,
wo 2012/168204
whereby water is drained from the suspension to provide a wet cellulosic web or sheet
containing the solid components of the filler composition, the web or sheet is then further
dewatered and dried in the drying section of the paper or board making machine to
provide filled paper or board. The process of the invention is preferably carried out
continuously in a paper or board making e.
in the process of the invention, other ves may of course also be used, either by
being introduced into the cellulosic suspension, or applied to the web or sheet of paper or
board obtained. Examples of such additives include conventional fillers, optical
brightening agents, sizing agents, dry strength agents, wet strength agents, cationic
ants, drainage and retention aids, etc.
es of suitable conventional fillers include the fillers mentioned above, suitably kaolin,
china clay, titanium dioxide, gypsum, talc, l and tic calcium carbonates, e.g. chalk,
ground , ground m carbonate and precipitated m carbonate, hydrogenated
aluminum oxides (aluminum trihydroxides), calcium sulphate, barium sulphate, m
oxalate, etc. Examples of suitable wet strength agents include cationic polyamines and
polyaminoamides, including the products obtained by reacting ines and
polyaminoamides with epichlorohydrin.
Examples of suitable sizing agents include llulose-reactive sizing agents, e.g. rosin—
based sizing agents like rosin-based soaps, rosin—based emulsions/dispersions, cellulose—
reactive sizing agents, e.g. emulsions/dispersions of acid anhydrides like alkyl and alkenyl
succinic anhydrides (ASA), alkenyl and alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) and multimers, as well
as anionic, cationic and amphoteric polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, e.g.
copolymers of e and acrylates. One or more sizing agents can be added to the
cellulosic suspension, applied to the paper in a e sizing application, or both. in a
preferred embodiment, at least one sizing agent is added to the cellulosic suspension and
at least one sizing agent is applied to the paper.
Examples of suitable cationic coagulants include cationic organic polymeric coagulants and
cationic inorganic coagulants. Examples of suitable cationic c polymeric coagulants
include the cationic organic polymers mentioned above. Examples of suitable cationic
inorganic coagulants include the cationic inorganic compounds mentioned above.
Examples of suitable ge and retention aids include organic rs, inorganic
materials, e.g. anionic microparticulate materials, e.g. siliceous materials like colloidal
-based particles, montmorillonite / bentonite, and combinations thereof. The term
“drainage and retention aids”, as used herein, refers to one or more additives which, when
being added to a cellulosic suspension, give better drainage and/or retention than is
obtained when not adding said one or more additives. The drainage and retention aids
can be added to the cellulosic suspension prior to, simultaneously with, in between and
after introducing the filler composition of the invention, preferable after introducing the
filler ition into the cellulosic suspension.
Examples of suitable organic rs e anionic, amphoteric and cationic starches;
anionic, amphoteric and cationic acrylamide—based rs, including essentially linear,
branched and cross-linked anionic and cationic acrylamide~based polymers; as well as cationic
poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium de); cationic polyethylene imines; cationic polyamines;
cationic polyamideamines and vinylamide-based polymers, melamine—formaldehyde and urea-
-formaldehyde resins. Suitably, the drainage and retention aid comprises least one cationic or
amphoteric polymer, ably cationic polymer. ic starch and cationic polyacrylamide
are particularly preferred polymers and they can be used singly, together with each other or
together with other polymers, e.g. other cationic and/or anionic polymers. The weight e
molecular weight of the polymer is suitably above about 1,000,000 and preferably above about
2,000,000. The upper limit of the weight average molecular weight of the polymer is not critical;
2O it can be about 50,000,000, usually about 30,000,000 and suitably about 25,000,000.
However, the weight e molecular weight of polymers derived from natural sources may
be higher.
Silica-based particles, i.e. les based on Sl02 or silicic acid, are usually supplied in the
form of s colloidal dispersions, so-called sols. Examples of suitable silica-based
particles include colloidal silica and ent types of polysilicic acid, either homopolymerised
or co—polymerised. The silica~based sols can be modified and contain other elements, e.g.
aluminum, boron, en, zirconium, gallium, titanium and the like, which can be present in
the aqueous phase and/or in the silica-based particles. Examples of suitable silica-based
3O les of this type include colloidal aluminum-modified silica and aluminum silicates. Mixtures
of such suitable -based particles can also be used. Examples of suitable anionic silica-
based particles include those having an average particle size below about 100 nm, preferably
below about 20 nm and more preferably in the range of from about 1 to about 10 nm. As
conventional in the silica chemistry, the particle size refers to the average size of the primary
particles, which may be ated or non—aggregated. The specific surface area of the silica—
based particles is suitably above about 50 m2/g and ably above about 100 mzlg.
Generally, the specific surface area can be up to about 1700 m2/g. The specific surface area is
wo 2012/168204
ed by means of titration with NaOH in a well known manner, e.g. as described by G.W.
Sears in Analytical Chemistry 28(1956): 12, 1981—1983 and in the U.S. Patent No. 5,176,891.
The given area thus represents the average specific surface area of the particles. Further
es of suitable -based particles include those that are present in a sol having an 8-
value in the range of from 5 to 50 %. The S-value can be measured and calculated as
bed by ller & Dalton in J. Phys. Chem. 60(1956), 955—957. The S—value indicates the
degree of aggregation or microgel formation and a lower S—value is indicative of a higher
degree of aggregation.
1O Examples of suitable combinations of drainage and retention aids include cationic
rs and anionic microparticulate materials like siliceous materials, e.g. cationic
starch and anionic colloidal silica—based particles; cationic acrylamide-based polymer and
anionic colloidal silica—based particles; cationic acrylamide—based polymer, anionic
acrylamide—based polymer and anionic colloidal silica—based particles or bentonite; and
cationic acrylamide-based polymer and bentonite.
When using other additives in the process, these components can be added to the cellulosic
suspension or applied to the paper in amounts which can vary within wide limits depending on,
inter alia, type and number of components, type of cellulosic suspension, filler t, type of
introduced into the cellulosic
paper produced, point of addition, etc. Sizing agents are usually
suspension and/or applied to the paper in amounts of at least about 0.01 % by ,
suitably at least about 0.1 % by weight, based on the weight of dry fibers, and the upper
limit is y about 2 % by weight, suitably about 0.5 % by weight. Generally, drainage
and retention aids are introduced into the osic suspension in amounts that give better
drainage and/or retention than what is ed when not using these aids. Drainage and
retention aids, dry strength agents and wet strength agents, independently of each other,
are usually uced in an amount of at least about 0.001 % by , often at least about
0.005 % by weight, based on the weight of dry fibers, and the upper limit is usually about 5 %
by weight and suitably about 1.5 °/o by weight.
The process can be used in the production of paper and board from different types of aqueous
suspensions of cellulosic fibers and the suspensions should suitably contain at least about 25
% by weight and ably at least about 50 % by weight of such fibers, based on dry
nce. The suspension can be based on fibers from al pulp such as sulphate,
sulphite and organosolv pulps, mechanical pulp such as thermo—mechanical pulp, chemo-
thermomechanical pulp, refiner pulp and groundwood pulp, from both hardwood and softwood,
and can also be based on recycled fibers, optionally from de—inked pulps, and mixtures
thereof. Paper and board according to the invention can be used in numerous
applications, and suitably the paper is used as writing and printing paper.
Example
The invention is further rated in the following example which, however, is not intended
to limit the same. Parts and % relate to parts by weight and % by weight, respectively, and
all suspensions are aqueous, unless othenNise stated.
1O The following ents were used in the e, unless othenNise .
GCC: Ground calcium carbonate (Hydrocarb 60, Omya)
PAC: Polyaluminum chloride (Eka ATC 8210)
PA: Cationic polyamlne (Eka ATC 4150)
CMC: Carboxymethyl ose, D8 of c groups of 0.3-0.4 (Gabrosa 947, Akzo
Nobel)
ch: Cationic starch (Perlbond 970, Lyckeby)
C-PAM: Cationic polyacrylamide (Eka PL 1510)
Silica: Aqueous sol of anionic silica—based particles (Eka NP 442)
Paper sheets were made in a Dynamic Sheet Former (Formette Dynamique), supplied by
Techpap SAS, France. The paper furnish used in the example was based on needle
bleached kraft pulp (NBKP) and leaf bleached kraft pulp (LBKP). Consistency of the
aqueous cellulosic sion was 0.5 % by weight and conductivity was adjusted to 0.5
mS/cm by addition of sodium sulphonate. The cellulosic suspension was stirred at a
speed of 700 rpm and additions were made to the cellulosic suspension present in the
mixing chest of a Dynamic Sheet Former followed by stirring.
In the process, a GCC filler slurry was fed to a mixing tank into which an aqueous CMC
solution (1% by weight CMC) was introduced and mixed to form a homogeneous filler pre—
3O mix. ln el, PAC, PA and water were added to a pre-mixing tank to form a cationic
agent pre—mix which was then introduced into the mixing tank whereupon the resulting
filler composition having a solids content of 20 % by weight was introduced by means of a
pump having adjustable pump ty into the cellulosic suspension 105 s before
drainage. Drainage and retention aids were added to the obtained cellulosic suspension in
the following sequence, dosages and time prior to ge: C—Starch (8 kg/ton based on
dry paper sheet) added 45 s before drainage, C-PAM (0.2 kg/ton based on dry paper sheet)
added 15 s before drainage, Silica (0.5 kg/ton, calculated as SiOz and based on dry paper
sheet) added 5 s before drainage. Paper sheets were formed by pumping the cellulosic
suspension from the mixing chest through traversing nozzle into the rotating drum onto
the water film on top of the wire, ng the stock to form a sheet, pressing and drying
the sheet. The filter paper samples were conditioned in a climate room ing to ISO
187:1990 and thereafter evaluated by measuring grammage according to ISO 536:1995,
thickness, tensile strength and tensile stiffness were measured by means of an Alwetron
TH1 of Lorenzen & Wettre, Sweden, according to ISO 1924-2 and lSO 1924-32005 and
Scott Bond was measured by means of a Scott Internal bond tester according to Tappi T
833 pm-94.
The below table shows the results obtained when adding the filler composition to the
osic suspension in varying amounts to get different filler ts of the paper s.
In Test Nos. 1-3, no filler composition was added. The dosages of CMC, PAC and PA are all
based on dry GCC filler. GSM means grammage, MD means Machine Direction, and CD
means Cross Direction.
Table
Test CMC PAC PA GSM Filler Thick- Scott Tensile Tensile
No. kgIt kglt kg/t gimz con- ness Bond strength stiffness
tent pm .J/m2 MD CD MD on
wt.% kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m
1 — — - 80 27.9 111.9 280 6.61 1.96 883.6 246.1
2 - - - 80 32.7 111.7 200 5.84 1.72 767.1 223.7
3 - — — 80 38.5 109.7 163 4.98 I 1.35 717.4 178.2
4 10 1O 4 80 27.9 110.4 390 7.17 2.19 834.9 275.5
01 10 10 4 80 33.4 108.9 248 6.31 1.85 792.9 227.1
A—A CO .A—\ 00 Ah 80 38.4 107.4 240 5.56
82 28.0 112.6 359
1o 10 4 82 33.2 111.5 297 6.43 1.90 779.7 227.9
10 4 82 38.4 109.8 223 5.67 1.60 732.6 204.4
1o 10 4 84 28.0 114.9 403 7.64 2.33 870.3 277.1
7 11 10 10 4 84 38.4 111.7 209 5.81 1.70 744.0 207.9
12 10 10 4 86 27.9 117.4 378 8.03 2.46 899.0 292.3
13 10 4 86 33.1 116.4 245 6.90 2.02 840.3 240.0
14 10 —m-114.94 203 5.87 1.66 757.7 202.4
1O 10 88 28.5 120.4 394 8.03 2.42 921.0 287.2
16 10 1O 88 33.6 l118.0 256 T695 2.12 841.9 250.1
17 10 10 88 38.7 ’1159 204 6.11 1.71 722.9 200.57
18 10 1O b-P-A-b- 90 28.4 [121.0 366 8.29 2.54 936.0 296.8
wo 2012;168204 15
Tensile e
strength stiffness
MD CD MD CD
kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m
-lwl
The table shows that the present invention makes it possible to increase the filler content of
paper and board while substantially maintaining the thickness and substantially maintaining or
increasing the strength properties.
Claims (27)
1. A process for the production of paper and board which comprises: (a) introducing one or more fillers, one or more anionic polysaccharides and one or more 5 cationic agents into a mixing zone to form a filler composition, wherein (i) the one or more s and the one or more anionic polysaccharides are mixed in the mixing zone to form a filler pre-mix and then the one or more cationic agents are introduced into the mixing zone to form the filler composition, or (ii) the one or more fillers and the one or more anionic polysaccharides are mixed 1O in a filler xing zone to form a filler pre-mix and then ucing the filler pre— mix into the mixing zone; wherein the one or more cationic agents comprise two or more cationic agents comprising a cationic organic polymer and a ic inorganic compound being an aluminium compound; 15 (b) introducing by means of a pump the filler composition into an aqueous suspension sing osic fibres; and (c) dewatering the obtained suspension.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein it further comprises: 20 (i) providing a thickness specification for the paper or board to be produced; (ii) measuring the thickness of the paper or board being produced, (iii) ing the measured thickness with the thickness specification to identify any difference in thickness; and (iv) optionally reducing the thickness difference to provide paper or board meeting the 25 ess specification by adjusting the dosage of filler composition and thereby adjusting the filler content of the paper or board.
3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein it comprises mixing the one or more fillers and the one or more anionic polysaccharides in the mixing zone to form a filler x and then 3O introducing the one or more cationic agents into the mixing zone to form the filler composition.
4. The process of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein it comprises mixing the one or more fillers and the one or more c polysaccharides in a filler pre-mixing zone to form a filler 35 pre-mix and then introducing the filler pre-mix into the mixing zone.
5. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mixing zone is a pump, static mixer or mixing tank.
6. The process of claim 4, wherein the filler pre-mixing zone is a pump, static mixer or mixing tank.
7. The process of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pump has adjustable pump capacity.
8. The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the one or more fillers se a mineral filler. 1O
9. The process of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the one or more fillers are selected from calcium carbonate.
10. The s of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the one or more anionic polysaccharides are selected from anionic starches, anionic cellulose derivatives and 15 mixtures thereof.
11. The process of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the one or more anionic polysaccharides comprise carboxy methyl cellulose. 20
12. The process of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the one or more anionic polysaccharides have a degree of substitution of anionic groups up to 0.65.
13. The process of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the one or more fillers are selected from itated m carbonate, ground calcium carbonate and mixtures f.
14. The process of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the one or more anionic polysaccharides are selected from anionic cellulose derivatives.
15. The process of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the one or more cationic agents 3O comprise a cationic inorganic nd, which is a uminum compound.
16. The process of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein it comprises mixing a first cationic agent and a second cationic agent in a cationic agent pre-mixing zone to form a cationic agent pre-mix and ucing the cationic agent pre-mix into the mixing zone.
17. The process of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the one or more cationic agents are selected from cationic polyamines, cationic polyamideamines, cationic polyethylene imines, cationic dicyandiamide polymers, cationic acrylamide-based polymers, cationic acrylate- based rs, cationic vinylamine / vinylformamide-based polymers, polymers based on 4O diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ium sulphate, sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, polyaluminum chlorides, polyaluminum sulphates, polyaluminum silicate sulphates, and mixtures thereof.
18. The process of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein it further comprises adding one or more drainage and ion aids to the aqueous suspension comprising cellulosic fibres prior to dewatering.
19. The process of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein it comprises introducing the filler composition into the cellulosic sion and then adding one or more drainage and 1O retention aids to the cellulosic suspension prior to dewatering.
20. The process of claim 18 or 19, wherein the one or more ge and retention aids comprise a siliceous material. 15
21. The process of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the one or more drainage and retention aids comprise a ic polymer.
22. The process of any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the one or more drainage and ion aids comprise an anionic polymer.
23. The process of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the one or more drainage and retention aids comprise a siliceous material which comprises silica-based particles.
24. The process of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the one or more drainage and 25 retention aids se a cationic polymer which is a ic acrylamide—based polymer.
25. The s of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the one or more drainage and retention aids se an anionic polymer which is an anionic acrylamide—based polymer. 3O
26. The process of claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to the Example.
27. The process of any one of claims 1 to 25, substantially as herein described.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161494475P | 2011-06-08 | 2011-06-08 | |
EP11169107 | 2011-06-08 | ||
US61/494,475 | 2011-06-08 | ||
EP11169107.7 | 2011-06-08 | ||
PCT/EP2012/060541 WO2012168204A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2012-06-05 | Process for the production of paper and board |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ617482A NZ617482A (en) | 2015-07-31 |
NZ617482B2 true NZ617482B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
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