NZ615880B2

NZ615880B2 - Prodrugs of d-isoglutamyl-[d/l]-tryptophan

Info

Publication number: NZ615880B2
Application number: NZ615880A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: Christopher John Feeney; Regis Leungtoung; Wanren Li; Vrajlal S Rabadia; Tim Fat Tam; Yingsheng Wang; Jolanta Maria Wodzinska; Tao Xin; Yanqing Zhao
Original assignee: Apotex Technologies Inc
Priority date: 2011-03-31
Filing date: 2012-03-30
Publication date: 2015-09-01

Abstract

Provided are prodrugs of D-isoglutamyl-[D/L]-tryptophan of formula (I), where the variables are as defined in the specification. Examples of the prodrugs include H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OCH2CH2CF3 and H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-cyclohexyl)-OH. Further provided is the use of the pro-drugs in pharmaceutical compositions. D-isoglutamyl-D-tryptophan and D-isoglutamyl-L-tryptophan may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, particularly those that are immune system related. ical compositions. D-isoglutamyl-D-tryptophan and D-isoglutamyl-L-tryptophan may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, particularly those that are immune system related.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical sciences and more particularly to prodrugs of D-isoglutamyl-D-tryptophan and prodrugs of D-isoglutamyl—L—tryptophan.

BACKGROUND A prodrug is a compound that is ed in the body after its administration to provide an active drug. Depending on the therapeutic use and mode of stration, a prodrug may be used orally, for ion, intranasally, or in an inhaler formulation directed at lung tissues (Rautio et al. Nature s Drug Discovery 7, 255—270 (February 2008). The use of prodrug compounds in an inhaler formulation directed at the lung tissue has been reviewed (Proceedings Of The American Thoracic Society Vol 1 2004, How the Lung Handles Drugs, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Corticosteroids, Julia Winkler, Guenther Hochhaus, and Hartmut Derendorf 356- 363; H. Derendorf et al., Eur Respir J 2006; 28: 1042—1050).

For r and intranasal means of administration, the minimization of oral bioavailability and systemic side effects by rapid clearance of absorbed active drug may be part of the design considerations. A prodrug designed for oral administration may prefer an improvement to oral bioavailability upon oral administration to animals, and appropriate al stability in simulated digestive fluids at pH 1.2 (also known as simulated gastric ﬂuids) or pH 5.8 or 6.8 (also known as the simulated intestinal ﬂuids). For prodrugs that are used in injection, the s solubility of the compound is an important consideration.

The screening criteria for prodrugs depend on its mode of administration.

However, a g that can be readily hydrolyzed to the active drug in a human blood is a positive e upon administration. Human blood has esterases that are capable of biotransforming some ester derivatives to the active drug (Derek r and Phyllis Godby Croft, Biood Esterases, Biochem J. 1942 December; VIA510127NZI’R 30313-8046 36(10—12): 746—757; Williams FM. Clinical significance of esterases in man. Clin Pharmacokinet. i985 Sep-Oct;10(5):392-403). ln on, prodrugs can be bioconverted in a human liver to the active drug (Baba et a/., The pharmacoklnetics of enalapril in patients with compensated liver sis Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990 Jun;29(6):766~9). Thus, regardless of the mode of administration, human hepatocyte and blood nsformation results may be used to evaluate ester prodrugs.

D—lsoglutamyl-D-tryptophan (also known as H~D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OH or Apo805) is a synthetic hemoregulatory dipeptide developed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases including psoriasis (Sapuntsova, S. G., et al. (May 2002), Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 133(5), 488—490). The sodium salt of H-D-Glu(D-Trp—OH)-OH (thymodepressin) is considered an effective treatment for sis (US 5,736,519), and is avaitable as an injection ampoule in Russia.

D-lsoglutamyI-L-tryptophan (also known as H-D-Glu(L—Trp-OH)~OH or ) is reported as useful for modulating the immune system of a patient (US 452), and useful for treating lung cancer (A1), tuberculosis (WO 13572 A1), genital viral infections (), melanoma (WC 2007/123847), hemorrhagic viral infections (), respiratory viral infections (WC 2005/1 , hepatitis C (), and injury or damage due to e of mucosa (). SCV~07 is also reported as a vaccine enhancer ().

SUMMARY The present invention is based, in part, on the elucidation of prodrugs of D-isoglutamyl—D-tryptophan (H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OH) and prodrugs of D-isoglutamyI-L-tryptophan (H-D-Glu(L-Trp-OH)—OH).

VIA510127N21'R 303134046 iliustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a nd of (3‘ o HN O Q (R) O O T Formula I: H2N (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G is selected from the group consisting of: H, 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, 01-08 alkyl, benzyl and A5 — A10 aryl; T is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C3 alkyl, 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, P{(om/R2 CHZCONR4R5,CHZCH2NR4R5,Cg—Cecycloalkyl,A5—A10aryl, R‘ O and “Wrote R1 O ; n is 1, 2, 3 or 4; R‘ is H or 01-08 aikyl; R2 is 01-08 aikyl, 03-c6 cycloalkyl, or phenyi; R3 is 01-03 alkyl, Cg~Ce cycloalkyl, or phenyi; and R4 and R5 are either separate groups or together form a single group with the N to which they are bonded; when R4 and R5 are separate groups, R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of: Cq-Cﬁ alkyl; when R4 and R5 together with the N to which they are bonded form the single group, the single group is selected from the group ting of: morphotinyl, N-(C1-C4 alkyI)—piperazinyi and piperidinyl; provided that if T is H, then G is 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, C1-C8 alkyl or benzyl; if T is CHZCONR4R5, CH20H2NR4R5, or 03-06 cycloalkyi, then G is H; and ifT is 01-08 alkyl, then G is holinoethyl, CF3, or A5 — A10 aryl.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein if G is H, then T is ed from the group consisting of: 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, R4R5, CH20H2NR4R5, cg-ce cycloalkyl, R1 0 and R1 0 V1A510127NZPR 303134046 Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein if G is H, then T is selected from the group ting a/OYRz of: 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, CHZCHZNR4R5, 03-06 cycloalkyl, R1 0 and R1 0 rative embodiments of the present ion provide a compound described herein wherein if G is H, then T is selected from the group consisting from? Wire‘s of: 2-morpholinoethyl,(CH2)nCF3,CH2CH2NR4R5, R1 0 and R1 O rative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the D-configuration.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the L-configuration. rative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound bed herein wherein G is H and T is A5 to A10 aryl. rative embodiments of the present ion provide a compound S/OWRZ described herein n T is R1 0 Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound doro‘rr described herein wherein T is R1 0 Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is (CH2)nCF3.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is 2-morpholinoethyl.

VIA510127NZPR 303134046 Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein G is 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, or 01-08 alkyl; and sort screw T is 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, A5 to A10 aryi, R1 0 or R1 0 Illustrative embodiments of the t invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is C1-CB alkyl.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention e a compound described herein wherein G is A5 to A10 aryi.

Illustrative ments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is isoamyl, G is indanyl.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention e a compound described herein wherein T is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is H and G is ethyl. iilustrative embodiments of the t invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is H and G is benzyl.

Illustrative ments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is H and G is methyl. rative embodiments of the present invention e a compound described herein wherein T is H and G is isoamyl.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention e a nd described herein wherein T is H and G is isopropyl. rative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is H, G is (CH2)nCF3 and n is 1.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is H, G is CF3 and n is 2. illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein T is H and G is 2-morpholinoethyl.

VlA510127NZI’R 303134046 Illustrative embodiments of the present ion provide a compound PiKOirO‘Ri described herein wherein T is R‘ 0 R1 is methyi, R3 is cyciohexyl and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is 2-morpholinoethyl and G is H. illustrative embodiments of the t invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is cyclohexyl and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the t invention provide a compound ”droirO‘Ri described herein wherein T is R‘ 0 R1 is methyl, R3 is cyclohexyl and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein n T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 2 and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a nd described herein wherein T is R1 0 , R1 is methyl, R3 is ethyl and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound WOW/R2 described herein wherein T is R‘ 0 R1 is H, R2 is pent—Z-yl and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound Wire‘s described herein wherein T is R1 0 R1 is methyl, R3 is isopropyl and G is H. rative embodiments of the present invention provide a nd described herein wherein T is CHZCONR4R5, R4 is CH3, R5 is CH3 and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the t invention provide a compound described herein n T is CH2CONR4R5, R4 is CH3, R5 is CH3 and G is H.

VIASIOIZ'INZPR 303134046 liiustrative ments of the present invention provide a compound PdroTRZ described herein wherein T is R‘ 0 R1 is H, R2 is C(CH3)2-CHZCHZCH3 and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 1 and G is H. rative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 1 and G is H. illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is l and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is 2-methoxyphenyl and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound Fiﬁ/om}? bed herein wherein T is R1 0 R1 is H, R2 is t—butyl and G is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound P{row/R2 described herein wherein T is R‘ 0 R1 is H, R2 is phenyl and c , is H.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound bed herein wherein T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 2, G is (CH2)nCF3 and n is 2.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein n T is holinoethyl and G is ethyl. illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound PirhrO‘Ri’ described herein wherein T is R‘ 0 R1 is methyl, R3 is ethyl and G is ethyl.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a nd described herein wherein T is holinoethyi and G is 2~morpholinoethyL rative embodiments of the present ion provide a compound described herein wherein T is benzyl and G is 2—morpholinoethyl.

VIA5‘10127NZI’R 303134046 Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is indanyl and G is 2-morpholinoethyl.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a compound described herein wherein T is 2-morpholinoethyl, G is (CH2)nCF3 and n is 2.

Illustrative embodiments of the present ion provide a compound described herein n T is 2-morpholinoethyl and G is isoamyl. illustrative embodiments of the present invention e a nd described herein wherein T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 1, G is (CH2)nCF3 and n is 1.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a pharmaceutical ition described herein wherein the formulation is adapted for inhalation.

Other aspects and es of the t invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the ion in conjunction with the accompanying ﬁgures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE GS Figure 1 shows the average (n=5) concentration of H-D-GIu(D-Trp~OH)—OH (Ap0805) in plasma after oral dosing of H—D—G|u(D~Trp-O-CH2-O-CO-t-Bu)-OH (Apo839) and H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OH monopotassium salt (Ap0805K1) (5 mg/kg) to rats demonstrating similar oral bioavailability of the prodrug.

Figure 2 shows the average (n=5) concentration of H-D-G|u(D-Trp-OH)-OH (Apo805) in plasma after oral dosing of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)~O—CO~O~cyclohexyl)- OH (Ap0843) and H-D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)-OH monopotassium salt (Ap0805K1) (5 mg/kg) to rats demonstrating reduced oral bioavailability of the prodrug. The minimization of oral bioavailability is one e to be considered for prodrugs designed for an inhaler mode of administration.

VIA510327NZPR 303134046 DETAILED PTION The present invention is based, in part, on the ation of prodrugs of D-isoglutamyi—D-tryptophan and prodrugs of D-isoglutamyI-L-tryptophan.

As used herein, the symboi “11” indicates the point at which the displayed moiety is attached to the remainder of the molecule. For e, propyl or CH3-CH2-CH2- may be shown asW Another exampie is CH3-CH2-CH—CH2-CH3 (a pent-S-yi moiety) may be shown as 29.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” means a branched or ched ted arbon chain. Non-limiting, illustrative examples of aikyl moieties include, methyl, ethyl, , isopropyi, n-propyl, butyl, sec-butyl, yl, n- pentyl, hexyl, octyl and the like. When the terminology “OX—Cy”, where x and y are integers, is used with respect to alkyl moieties, the ‘C’ relates to the number of carbon atoms the alkyt moiety. For example, methyl may be described as a C1 alkyl and isobutyl may be described as a C4 alkyl. 01-04 alkyl means methyl (a C1 alkyl), ethyl (a C2 alkyl), propyl or isopropyi (a 03 alkyl), butyl or sec-butyl or isobutyl or tert-butyl ( a C4 alkyl). All speciﬁc integers and ranges of integers within each range are speciﬁcally disciosed by the broad range. For example, 01—08, specifically includes the following: C1, Cg, C3, C4, C5, 05, C7, Ca, 01-02, C1-C3. C1-C4, 01-05, 01'06: C1-C7, 01-08. 02-03, C2-04. Cz~C5. 02-06, Cz-C7.

Cz-Cs. C3-04, C3'05: C3-C6! C3-07. C3'08: C4435, C4‘C6: C4-C7, 04-08, 05-06.

C5-C7, C5-C8, Cs-C7, C6-Cg, and 07-03. Another example is Cs-Cg specifically includes C5, 05, C7, C8, Cs-Cs, C5-C7, C5-Cg, Cs-C7, Ce-Cg, and C7-C8.

As used herein the term “aryl" means any moiety which has at least a portion of the moiety that conforms to i's rule. This includes moieties that are hydrocarbons and moieties that include heteroatoms. For clarity, an aryl moiety as a whole does not need to conform to Huckel's rule as long as some portion of the aryl moiety, when considered in the absence of the remainder of VIA310127NZI’R 303134046 the moiety, does conform to Hiickel's rule. Non-limiting, illustrative examples of aryl moieties include phenyl, benzyl, l, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl and 2-fluorophenyl. When the ology “AX-Ay” where x and y are integers, is used with respect to aryl moieties, the ‘A’ relates to the total number of carbon and heteroatoms in the aryl moiety. For example, 1-fluorophenyi may be described as an A7 aryl group and 2-methoxyiphenyl may be described as an A8 aryl group. Furan is an example of an A5 aryl group. All specific integers and ranges of integers within each range are speciﬁcally disclosed by the broad range. For example, A5-A10, speciﬁcally includes the following: A5, A6, A7, A3, A9. A10, A5-A6. A5-A7, As-A8,A5-A9,A5-A1o. Act—A7, Ae-As. Ara—Ag. . A7'A8: A7-A9. A7-A1o, Ass-Ag. Aer/5x10 and A9~A10.

As used herein, the term “mofetil” means a morphoiinoethyl radical having 0 HZ— the structure: \—/ . Mofetil is often referred to by the lUPAC name 2~morpholinoethyl.

The following acronyms and/or and on are also used .

Acron m and/or Shorthand Ex-lanation of Acron m and/or Shorthand 1-ethyl-3—(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide h drochioride diisoprop Ieth lamine dimethylformamide dimeth lsulfoxide room tem oerature h drox succinimide Boc—D-GIu(O-le)—OH Boc-D-GIu-O-isoamyi -1 1- VIA510127NZPR 303134046 Acron m and/or Shorthand Ex-lanation of Acronym and/or Shorthand H || Boc—D-GIu-OBZI >f ﬁrm \/0 \\\ Cx 0” ‘OCHzPh Boc-D—Glu(O-le)«O-isoamyl Cbz—D—Glu-O-le _-_H-D-Glu OH ~OH Du-amma-Iutam I-D-tr ootohan H—D-Glu L—Trp-OH)—OH D-oamma-giutam I-L-tr ptohan 0 HM u(Trp-OH)-OH 0% q (R) O O H (D-gamma-giutamyI-tryptophan) (wherein the stereochemistry in the tryptophan unit is not defined A i HN Boc-D—Glu(D—Trp—O-Bzi)-O- o NH isoamyl 07?" H w ,/\n/ ”j;\\ 0 O O OCHZPh Boc-D-Glu( D-Trp-OH)-O- isoamyl -1 2..

VIA510127NZI’R 303134046 Acron m and/or Shorthand Explanation of Acron m and/or Shorthand H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-isoamy¥ Boc-D-Glu(D—Trp—O—le)—OEt OCHzPh Boc—D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-0Et H-D-G|u(D-Trp-OH)-0Et Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-le)—O-iPr GIu(D-Trp-OH)-O-iPr H-D—Glu(D-Trp-OH)—O—iPr VIA510127NZPR 303134046 Acron m and/or Shorthand Ex- Ianation of Acron m and/or Shorthand Boc—D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)— OCHzCHgCFa H-D-G3U(D-Trp-OH)- OCHzCHgCFa Boc-D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)-O-Bzi u(D-Trp—OH)-O-le H-D-Glu(D-Trp—OH)—OCH;CF3 Cbz—D-Giu(D-Trp-OH )-O-Bz| \71A5101Z7NZI’R 303134046 Acron m andlor and Explanation of Acron m and/or Shorthand Cbz—D—G|u(D-Trp—O-CH(CH3)— O-CO-O-cyciohexyi)—O—le wherein the stereochemistry at the * position is not defined H-D—Giu(D—Trp~O—CH(CH3)—O— Hoﬁyw H yciohexyl)—OH 0 W01 i Q O O O *OAO wherein the stereochemistry at the * position is not defined Cbz-D~G|u(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)- O-CO-O-Et)-O-le wherein the stereochemistry at the * position is not defined H-D-Glu(D—Trp—O-CH(CH3)-OCO-O-Et )-OH wherein the stereochemistry at the * position is notdeﬁned -1 5 _ VIA510127NZI’R 303134046 Acron m and/or Shorthand Ex- on of Acron m and/or Shorthand O HN Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)- OVOANH \ O-CO—O-i-Pr)-O—le o7])”I,/\[r(R) H o 02:LOiiL(R) wherein the stereochemisotry at theo" positionIs not defined H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O— CO-O-i—Pr)—OH Hog”,”/WN0010ioo wherein the stereochemistory at9the"Oposition is not defined Cbz-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH200- N(CH3)2)~O~Bz| H-D-G|u(D-Trp-O-CH2CO- N(CH3)2)'OH Cbz—D-G|u(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-O— VIA310127NZI’R Acron m and/or Shorthand Explanation of Acron m and/or Shorthand H~D—Glu(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)—OH Cbz-D-GIu(D-Trp-OCH20-CO- Ph)—O-th H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OCH20-CO- Ph)—OH H~D—G!u(D-Trp-OCH20-CO- [pentyl])-OH H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OCH20-CO- C(CH3)g-CH20H2CH3)—OH H-D-G|u(D-Trp-OCHZCHgCF3)— V1A510127NZI’R 303134046 Acron m and/or Shorthand Boc-D-G1u(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-O- mofetii H-D—Glu(D-Trp~O—mofeti|)-O- mofetil H-D-G|U(D-Trp-O-CH20H2CF3)“ HzCFa Cbz-D—GIu(D—Trp~OH)-0Et Cbz—D~G|u(D—Trp—O-CH(CH3)- O-CO—O-cyclohexyI)-0Et VIAS 10127NZPR 303134046 Acron m and/or Shorthand Ex-lanation of Acron m and/or Shorthand H-D-G|u(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O- CO-O-cyclohexyl)-0Et Glu(D—Trp~O-CH(CH3)- O-CO-OEt)-0Et H—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O- CO-OEt)-OEt Cbz—D-G|u(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)- H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)-0Et H—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)-O- CHZCHZCFs VIASI DIZYNZPR 303134046 Acron m and/or Shorthand Explanation of Acron m and/or Shorthand H-D-G|u(D-Trp-O—mofetiI)-O— isoamyl u(D-Trp-OindanyI)-O- mofetil H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-mofeti¥ H~D~G|u(D-Trp-O-le)—O-mofeti| H-D-G|U(D-Trp-OCHzo-CO- C(CH3)3)'OH Compounds of the present invention may be described by Formula I: -20..

VIASlOIZ'INZPR 303134046 H2N (1)- In Formula I: G is selected from the group consisting of: H, 2—morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, C-g-Cg alkyl, and A5-A1o aryl; and T is selected from the group ting of: H, C1-Ca alkyl, 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, CH2CONR4R5, CH2CH2NR4R5, Cg-Ce cycloalkyl, $8sz PirOtrO‘Rs A5—A1o aryl, R1 0 and R1 0 In the (CH2)nCF3 moiety, n is 1,2, 3 or 4.

In those moieties in which R1 appears, R1 is H or C1-C3 alkyl.

In the moiety in which R2 appears, R2 is 01-03 alkyl, 03-06 cycloalkyi, or phenyl.

In the moiety in which R3 appears, R3 is 01-08 alkyl, 03-06 cycloalkyi, or phenyl.

In those es in which R4 and R5 appear, R4 and R5 are either separate groups or together form a single group with the N to which they are bonded. When R4 and R5 are separate groups, R4 and R5 are independentiy selected from the group consisting of: C1-C6 alkyl. When R4 and R5 together with the N to which they are bonded form the single group, the single group is selected from the group consisting of: linyl, N~(Cq-C4 alkyi)—piperaziny| and dinyl.

Compounds of Formula l are limited to compounds in which if T is H, then G is 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, C1-C3 alkyl or benzyl (benzyl is a particular VIA51 01 27NZPR 303134046 A5-A10 aryl) and ifT is CHZCONR4R5, CH20H2NR4R5, or 03-06 lkyl, then G is H and if T is 01-08 alkyl, G is 2—morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, or A5-A1o aryl.

In particular ments, compounds of Formuia I may be r limited to compounds in which when G is H, T is ed from the group ting of: 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, CHZCONR4R5, CHZCHgNR4R5, 03—06 cycloalkyi, in particular embodiments, compounds of Formula I may be further d to compounds in which when G is H, T is selected from the group consisting of: rN),\ro\n,R2 2-morpholinoethyl,(CH2)nCF3,CHgCH2NR4R5,03-08 cycloalkyl, R1 0 and drown R1 o in particular embodiments, compounds of Formula I may be further limited to compounds in which when G is H, T is selected from the group consisting of: W we 2-morpholinoethyi, (CH2)nCF3, CH20H2NR4R5, R1 0 and R1 0 in particular embodiments, compounds of Formula | specificaliy exclude compounds in which T is A5-A10 aryi and G is H.

In particular embodiments, compounds of Formula i specifically exclude compounds in which G is 01—08 alkyi and T is H.

In particular embodiments, compounds of Formula I speciﬁcally e compound in which T is H and G is H.

In particular embodiments, compounds of Formula I specifically exclude compounds in which G is 01-08 alkyl and T is 01-03 alkyl.

In particular embodiments, compounds of Formula l are also compounds of Formula lA: 127N21’R 303134046 2:]: H\ 0 HM 0% q (R) 0 0 T (IA).

In a IA, T is selected from the group consisting of: 2- WOW/R2 morpholinoethyl; R1 0 wherein R1 is H or 01-03 alkyl, and R2 is 01-03 alkyl, PJrOwro‘Ra C3-C5 cycloalkyl, or phenyl; R1 0 wherein R1 is H or 01-03 alkyl, and R3 is (31-05; alkyl, , or 03-05 cycloalkyl; and ~(CH2)nCF3 wherein n is 1 to 4.

In particular embodiments, compounds of Formula I are also compounds of Formula IE: G 0 HM O O (R) O O H H2N (lB).

In Formula lB, G is selected the group consisting of: 2-morpholinoethyl; and (CH2)nCF3 wherein n is 1 to 4.

In particular embodiments, compounds of Formula I are also compounds of Formula IC: In Formula IC: -23_ VIASI 0127NZPR 303134046 G is selected from the group consisting of: 01-08 alkyi, 2- morpholinoethyl, ~(CH2)nCF3 wherein n is 1 to 4, and A5 — A10 aryl; and T is selected from the group ting of: 2-morpholinoethyl; ﬁrm0O R2 wherein R‘ is H or 01-03 alkyl, and R2 is 01-08 aikyl, 03-06 cycloalkyl, Wire‘s or phenyl; R1 0 wherein R1 is H or C1-C3 alkyl, and R3 is C1-C8 alkyl, phenyl, or 03—05 cycloalkyl; and -(CH2)nCF3 wherein n is 1 to 4.

Compounds of Formulas |, IA, IB and IC comprise a tryptophan moiety.

The tryptophan moiety may be considered as the following moiety: 0 By Of ular interest in the tryptophan moiety is a chiral carbon, which is denoted above by the “*”. The chiral carbon of the tryptophan moiety may be in either the L-configuration or the D-configuration. In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula I, IA, IB and/or lC comprise a chiral carbon of the tryptophan moiety in the D—configuration. In other embodiments, the compounds of Formula |, IA, IB and/or 10 comprise a chiral carbon of the tryptophan moiety in the iguration. In still other embodiments, compositions of compounds comprising compounds of as l, IA, IB and/or IC may comprise some compounds in which the chiral carbon of the tryptophan moiety is in the L-configuration and other compounds in which the chiral carbon of the tryptophan moiety is in the D-configuration.

Compounds of the present invention may also be provided in the form of a salt or a pharmaceutically able salt. An e of a pharmaceuticaliy acceptable salt of this ion is ApoQOO, H~D~Giu(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)—O-Et.2HCl, (ethyl (2R)—2—amino({(2R)—3—(1H—indol—3—yl)[2-(morpho|inyl)ethoxy] VIASI DiZYNZl’R 303134046 oxopropanyl}amino)—5—oxopentanoate dihydrochloride), which may be diagrammaticalty represented by the ing structure: 0 O C!“ Aowﬁw H Owﬁvﬁ NH3+cr o be Compounds of the present invention may be pharmaceutically acceptable salts and include salts of acidic or basic groups present in compounds described herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, e, sulfate, ate, phosphate, acid phosphate, otinate, acetate, lactate, salicylate, citrate, tartrate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, inate, fumarate, gluccnate, glucaronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzensutfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate (i.e., 1,1'-methylene-bis-(2—hydroxy—3—naphthoate)) salts. Suitable base salts include, but are not limited to, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, , zinc, and diethanoiamine salts. For a review on pharmaceutically able salts see Berge et al., 66 J. Pharm. Sci. 1—19 (1977).

Syntheses of compounds of Formula l are outlined below in Schemes 1, 2 and 3.

VIA510127NZI’R H—D-Glu(L—TrpT)-OH (IA). D, L diastereomer CBZ-D-Glu(L-Trp-O-T)—OCH2Ph 1 (i) CBz-D—G1u(L-TrprH)-OCH2PI1 G = CHzph CBz-D-Glu-O-G (*0 (c) (e) G = CHzPh G = B G = CHzph CBZ—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-T)-OCH2Ph Glu(D-TrpT)-0Bt CBz—D—Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OCH2Ph (b) l (d) l l (f) H-D—Glu(D-Trp-O—T)—OH H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-T)-0Et GIu(D-Trp-O—T)-OCHZPh (IA); D,D diastereomer (16). DD diastereomer 1 (g) H-D—Glu(D~Trp-O-T)—OH (IA); D,D diastereomer SCHEME 1 Process A: (a) EDCI/HOBt/DIEA, D-Trp-O-T.HC!, CHzClz; (b) H2, 10% Pd/C, EtOH.

Process B: (c) EDCI/HOBt/DIEA, D-Trp-O-THCI, CHzClz; (d) H2, 10% Pd/C, EtOH.

Process C: (e) EDCI/HOBt/DIEA, then D~Trp~OH, CHszz; (f) T-i or T-Cl, K2003, DMF; (g) H2, 10% Pd/C, EtOH.

Process D: (h) EDCI/HOBt/DIEA, then L-Trp-OH, CHQCIQ; (i) T—l or T-Cl, K2003, DMF; (j) H2, 10% Pd/C, EtOH. —26— VIASIOi27NZPR 303134046 Process A describes synthesis of a compound of Formula IA wherein the ide is u(D-Trp-O-T)-OH is used as an illustrative example. The process may be readily adapted to make other compounds of Formula l.

In s A step (a), Cbz—D-GIu-OCHzPh is coupled with D—Trp-O-T.HCI ester wherein T is C3-Cs cycloalkyl, or an A5 — A10 aryl to give the compound Cbz—D-Glu(D~Trp—O-T)-OCH2Ph using EDCI, HOBt, DIEA propylethylamine) in CHgClz. In step (b), hydrogenation of the Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-T)—OCH2Ph give the compound of formula ( 1 A) as shown above.

Process B describes synthesis of a compound of Formuia IC wherein the dipeptide is H-D-GIu(D—Trp-O-T)-O-G is used as an illustrative example. The process may be readily adapted to make other compounds of a I.

In process B step (c), Cbz-D-Giu-OEt is coupled with D-Trp-O-THCI ester wherein T is 03-05 cycloalkyl, or an A5 —— A10 aryl to give the compound Cbz-D- Glu(D—Trp-O-T)-0Et using EDCI, HOBt, DIEA in Cchig. In step (d), hydrogenation of the Cbz—D-Glu(D~Trp~O-T)-0Et give the nd of formula (IC) wherein G is ethyl, T is 03-03 cycloalkyl, or an A5 — A10 aryl.

Process C describes synthesis of nds of Formula IA wherein T is ﬁ/OWRZ N-morpholinylethyl; R1 0 wherein R1 is H or 01-03 alkyl, and R2 is 01-03 alkyl, c3-c6 cycloalkyl, or phenyl; R1 0 wherein R1 is H or cr-c3 aikyl, and R3 is 01-03 alkyl, phenyl, or 03-05 cycloalkyl; or (CH2),,CF3 wherein n is 1 to 4. The process may be readily adapted to make other nds of Formula I.

In process C step (e), Cbz-D—GIu-OCHgPh is coupled with D—Trp-OH to give the compound Cbz—D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)—OCH2Ph using EDCI, HOBt, DIEA in CH2CI2. In step (1‘), Cbz~D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)—OCH2Ph is reacted with potassium carbonate and T-CI or T~I wherein T is defined above under the compound of formula (IA) in process C to give the dipeptide Cbz-D-GIu(D-Trp-O-T)-OCH2Ph.

In step (9), hydrogenation of the Cbz-D—GIu(D-Trp-O-T)-OCH2Ph gives the e i-I-D-GIu(D-Trp-O-T)—OH, a nd of formula (IA) wherein T is defined above under process C.

VlA510127NZI‘R Process D describes synthesis of compounds of Formula IA wherein T is $0762 N-morpholinyiethyl; R1 0 wherein R1 is H or ctr-ca alkyl, and R2 is 01-08 alkyl, C3-Cs cycloalkyl, or phenyl; R1 0 wherein R1 is H or 01-03 alkyl, and R3 is 01—08 alkyl, phenyl, or 03—06 cycioalkyi; or (CH2)nCF3 wherein n is 1 to 4. The process may be readily adapted to make other compounds of Formula I.

Process D is identical to process C, with the exception that L-Trp~OH is used instead of D-Trp-OH in the process. As an illustrative example, by replacing the D-Trp-OH in step (e) with L—Trp-OH, Ap0894 (D,L), a compound of a 1A wherein T = CH200N(CH3)2 can be made. The procedure is further exemplified in a ular embodiment in Example 16.

Boc-D-GIu~O—G > Glu(D-Trp-OCHzPh)-O-G j a) u(D-Trp-OH)—O-G (m) +—"'—"‘ Boc-D-Glu(D—Trp-OH)—O-G (13) SCHEME 2 Process E: (k) EDCI/HOBt/DIEA, CHgClz, D-Trp—OCHgPh; (I) H2, 10% Pd/C, EtOH; (m) HCI, EtOAC.

Process E describes synthesis of a compound of Formula IB. The process may be y adapted to make other compounds of Formula I. in process E step (k), Boc—D-Glu-O-G wherein G is C1-Ca alkyl, trifluoropropyl is coupled to the D-Trp-OCHzPhHCI with EDCl/HOBt/DElA in Cchig to give Boc-D-Glu(D—Trp-OCH2Ph)-O-G. In step (I), hydrogenation over Pd/C in ethanol gives Boc-D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)-O-G. in step (m), de-Boc of Boc-D- GIu(D-Trp—OH)—O—G using HCI in EtOAc s the compound of Formula (IB).

VlA510127NZPR 303134046 Boc-D~Glu(D~Trp-OH)-OH ---—> Boc-D-GIu(D-Trp-O-T)-O-G l (m) H-D~Glu(D—Trp—O~T)~O-G (1C) SCHEME 3 Process F: (p) T = G in this reaction, T-l, K2003, DMF; (m) HCI, EtOAc.

Process F bes synthesis of a nd wherein G = T = N- morpholinylethyl. The process may be readily adapted to make other compounds of Formula I.

In process F step (p), Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OH is d with T—I, K2003, DMF to give Boc~D~G|u(D~Trp-O-T)-O-G wherein G = T, and G is N- morpholinylethyl. In step (m), treatment of Boc-D-GIu(D-Trp-O-T)—O-G gives the compound (IC) wherein G = 'i'.

In a similar manner, compounds of Formuia | with the gamma-D-glutamyl and L-tryptophanyt moiety may be prepared using the ation as described in processes A to F adapted to suit the ulars of the desired product.

Compounds of Formula I that exist in free base form may be converted to their pharmaceutically acceptable salts by treatment with the appropriate nic or organic acid. Salts of the compounds of Formula I may be converted to the free base form or to another salt.

Compounds of the present invention or salts thereof may be formulated into a pharmaceutical formulation. Many nds of this invention are generally water soluble and may be formed as salts. In such cases, pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with this invention may comprise a salt of such a compound, preferably a physiologically acceptable salt, which are known in the art. Pharmaceutical ations will typically comprise one or more carriers acceptable for the mode of administration of the preparation, be it by injection, inhalation, topical administration, lavage, or other modes suitable for VIA510127NZPR 303134046 the selected treatment. Suitable carriers are those known in the art for use in such modes of administration.

Suitable pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated by means known in the art and their mode of administration and dose determined by the skilled practitioner. For parenteral administration, a compound may be dissolved in sterile water or saline or a pharmaceutically able vehicle used for administration of non-water soluble compounds such as those used for vitamin K.

For enteral stration, the compound may be administered in a tablet, capsule or ved in liquid form. The tablet or capsule may be enteric coated, or in a formulation for sustained release. Many suitable ations are known, including, polymeric or protein microparticles encapsulating a compound to be released, nts, pastes, gels, hydrogels, or solutions which can be used topically or locally to administer a compound. A sustained release patch or implant may be ed to provide release over a prolonged period of time.

Many techniques known to one of skill in the art are described in Remington: the Science & Practice of Pharmacy by Alfonso o, 20th ed., Lippencott ms & s, (2000). Formulations for parenteral administration may, for example, contain excipients, polyaikylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, oils of vegetable origin, or hydrogenated naphthalenes. patible, biodegradable lactide polymer, lactide/glycolide copolymer, or polyoxyethylene- polyoxypropylene copolymers may be used to control the release of the compounds. Other potentially useful parenteral delivery systems for modulatory compounds e ethylene-vinyl e copolymer particles, osmotic pumps, implantable infusion s, and liposomes. Formulations for inhalation may n excipients, for example, lactose, or may be aqueous ons containing, for example, polyoxyethylene~9~lauryl ether, glycocholate and deoxycholate, or may be oily solutions for administration in the form of nasal drops, or as a gel.

Compounds or pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with this invention or for use in this invention may be administered by means of a medical device or appliance such as an implant, graft, prosthesis, stent, etc. Also, implants may be devised which are intended to contain and release such Vll\510127NZI’R 303134046 nds or compositions. An example would be an implant made of a polymeric material adapted to release the compound over a period of time.

An “effective amount” of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention includes a therapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount. A “therapeuticaiiy effective amount" refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic result, such as improved PASI score. A therapeutically effective amount of a compound may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the subject, and the ability of the compound to elicit a d response in the subject. Dosage regimens may be adjusted to provide the optimum eutic response. A therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental s of the compound are outweighed by the therapeutically beneﬁcial effects. A "prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to e the desired prophyiactic result, such as a desireable PASI score. lly, a lactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of disease, so that a lacticaily effective amount may be less than a therapeutically effective amount. it is to be noted that dosage values may vary with the severity of the condition to be alleviated. For any particular subject, specific dosage regimens may be adjusted over time according to the dual need and the professional ent of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions. Dosage ranges set forth herein are exemplary only and do not limit the dosage ranges that may be selected by medical practitioners. The amount of active compound(s) in the ition may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the t. Dosage regimens may be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response. For example, a single bolus may be administered, several divided doses may be administered over time or the dose may be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. it may be advantageous to formulate V11\510127NZPR 303134046 parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of .

In general, compounds of the invention should be used without causing substantial toxicity. Toxicity of the compounds of the invention can be determined using standard techniques, for example, by testing in cell cultures or experimental animals and ining the therapeutic index, i.e., the ratio between the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the LDtOO (the dose lethal to 100% of the population). In some circumstances however. such as in severe e conditions, it may be necessary to administer substantial excesses of the compositions.

As used herein, a “subject” may be a human, non-human primate, rat, mouse, cow, horse, pig, sheep, goat, dog, cat, etc. The subject may be ted of having or at risk for having psoriasis and/or atopic itis and/or a medical condition wherein an agent is used in modulating the immune system.

Diagnostic methods for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and various disorders for which immune modulating compounds are used and the clinical delineation of those conditions’ diagnoses are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Examples The following examples are illustrative of some of the ments of the invention described herein. These examples do not iimit the spirit or scope of the invention in any way. e 1: Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OCH2CH2CF3, Apo878 Ni—I2 /\/O (R) 'I,’ N “0 F3C \n) W01H 0 00 OH A. ation of Boc~D~Glu(OH)-OCH2CH20F3 VlASlOlZ'INZI’R 303134046 To a solution of Boc-D-G|u(O-le)-OH (7.00 g, 20.7 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu, 2.63 g, 22.8 mmol) followed by C| (4.38 g, 22.8 mmol). After stirring for 1h, 3,3,3—trifluoropropano| (3.2 mL, 36.3 mmol) and DIPEA (4.0 mL, 22.8 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for ght. The on mixture was quenched with de—ionized water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic fraction was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2804, filtered and then evaporated to s under reduced pressure. A mixture of the crude G|u(O-le)—OCH2CH20F3 and 1.6 g of wet 10% Pd-C in EtOH (100 mL) was then hydrogenated under 45 psi of hydrogen gas pressure in a Parr apparatus for 1.5 h. The e was ﬁltered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford Boc-D—GIu(OH)— OCHzCHgCFa (crude yield = 81%), which was used without further purification.

B. ation of Boc—D-G|u(D-Trp-O-BzI)-OCH20HZCF3 The Boc-D-Glu(OH)-OCHZCH2CF3 from section A was dissolved in DMF (70 mL). N-Hydroxysuccinimide (2.63 g, 22.8 mmol), EDC|.HCl (4.38 g, 22.8 mmol), H-D-Trp-OBZIHCI (7.5 g, 22.8 mmol) and DIPEA (4.0 mL, 22.8 mmol) were successively added. The resulting solution was stirred at RT for overnight.

The reaction mixture was quenched with de-ionized water and then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2804, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was puriﬁed by flash column chromatography using a mixture of EtOAc and hexanes (1/1, v/v) as eluent, thereby affording Boc-D~G|u(D—Trp-O—le)—OCH2CHZCF3 (3.74 g. Y = 29%); MS—ESI (m/z): 620 [M+1]+.

C. ation of Boc—D—Giu(D-Trp—OH)-OCH20H20F3 A mixture of Boc-D-GIu(D-Trp-O-BzI)-OCH20H2CF3 from Section B above (3.7 g, 6.0 mmol) and 1.5 g of wet 10% Pd-C in EtOH (150 mL) was hydrogenated under 45 psi of hydrogen gas pressure in a Parr apparatus for 3O 2.5h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to s to give the crude Boc—D-Giu(D-Trp-OH)-OCH2CH2CF3. -33..

VIA510127NZI’R 3031 34046 D. Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OCH20H20F3, Ap0878 The Boc—D-Glu(D—Trp—OH)~OCHzCH20F3 from section C above was dissolved in E1220 (15mL), and then a 2M HCl in EtZO solution (25mL) was added.

The mixture was stirred at RT for overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in de—ionized water (10 mL), and then adjusted to pH 6 using a conc. %) NH4OH solution at ice-water bath temperature. The itated solid was collected by suction filtration and dried under vacuum to afford u(D~Trp-OH)-OCHZCH20F3, (Ap0878, 1.499) as a light purple solid. Yield = 58%; 1H NMR (DMSO-D6 + D20, 400 MHz) 5 (ppm): 7.51 (d, J: 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J: 8.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (br. s, 1H), 7.04 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.89 - 7.01 (m, 1H), 4.18 - 4.44 (m, 3H), 3.41 - 3.55 (m, 1H), 3.13 - 3.29 (m, 1H), 2.89 - 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.56 - 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.78 - 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.64- 1.79 (m, 1H); MS-ESl (m/z): 430 [M+1]+.

Example 2 General procedure for the preparation of Boc-D-Glu(0H)—O-alkyl A. Preparation of Glu(OH)-O-isoamyl To a suspension of Boc-D-G|u(O-le)-0H (5.48 g, 16.2 mmol), potassium carbonate (4.48 g, 32.5 mmol) and DMF (30 ml.) at room temperature was added 1- iodomethylbutane(6.43 g, 32.5 mmol). After the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight, the solid was filtered off and washed with ethyi acetate. The ﬁltrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation and the residue was mixed with water.

The resulting solid was taken up in hexanes, and the organic solution was washed with water (2x), dried over magnesium sulphate, then filtered. The ﬁltrate was trated by rotary evaporation to give Boc-D—Glu(O-le)-O-isoamyl as a white solid (6.64 g) in quantitative yield. 1H NMR (CDCla, 90 MHz) 6 ppm: 7.03 - 7.56 (m, 5H), 5.12 (s, 3H), 3.87 - 4.50 (m, 3H), 2.25 - 2.63 (m, 2H), 1.83 - 2.20 (m, 2H), 1.23 ~ 1.75 (m, 12H), 0.91 (d, J = 5.85 Hz, 6H).

Boc—D-Glu(O-le)-O-isoamyl (6.20 g, 15.2 mmol) from above and 10 % Pd/C (wet, 0.62 g) were mixed in ethyl acetate (80 mL), The reaction mixture was hydrogenated under a hydrogen gas here using a Parr apparatus at 40 VIASI 0127NZPR 303134046 psi hydrogen pressure for 4.5 h. The mixture was filtered through TM and the cake was thoroughly washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated by rotary ation to give the title compound Boc-D-Glu(OH)—O-isoamyl as a sticky clear oil in quantitative yield (5.50 g). 1H NMR (00013, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: .18 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (br. s, 1H), 4.18 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 — 2.54 (m, 2H), 2.12 - 2.27 (m, 1H), 1.84 - 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.63 -1.81 (m, 1H), 1.50 - 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.93 (d, J: 6.1 Hz, 6H).

B. In a similar manner, by replacing 1-iodomethylbutane with other alkyl s l iodide, ethyl iodide, propane), the following compounds are prepared: Boc—D-G|u(OH)—O-Me Boc-D-Glu(OH)—O-Et Boc-D-Glu(OH)-O-i—Pr Example 3 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-isoamyl (Ap0844) 0%.!” H YV /\n/ (iN 9“ O O O OH A. Preparation of Boc—D-Glu(D—Trp~O-le)-O-isoamyl To a solution of Boc—D-G|u(OH)-O~isoamyl (1.94 g, 6.1 mmol) in MN- dimethylformamide (15 mL) were added EDCI. HCI (1.17 g, 6.1 mmol), HOBt hydrate (0.93 g, 6.1 mmol) and H—D—Trp-OBZIHCI (2.02 g, 6.1mmol), followed by DIPEA (1 .18g, 9.1 mmoL). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for overnight.

The reaction mixture was quenched with a 0.5N HCI solution then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was successively washed with water, a 0.5M sodium carbonate on, water and brine, dried over magnesium sulphate and ﬁltered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the crude product was puriﬁed by column tography using a solvent gradient consisting of a mixture of ethyl acetate/(iichloromethane/hexanes (2/1/7 to 311/6, v/v/v) as VIA510127NZPR 303134046 eluant. Thus Boc-D-G|u(D-Trp-O-le)-O—isoamyt was obtained (2.24 g) as a pale yellow solid. Yield = 62%; MS-ESI (m/z): 594 [M+1]+.

B. Preparation of Boc—D-G|u(D-Trp-OH)-O~isoamyl Boc—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-le)-O-isoamyl from Section A above (2.09 g, 3.5 mmol) and 10 % Pd/C (wet, 0.28 g) was mixed in ethyl acetate (50 mL). The reaction mixture was hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus at 10 psi (instrument meter reading) of en gas pressure for 2.5 h. The e was ﬁltered through CeilteTM and the cake was washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was trated by rotary evaporation under d pressure. The residue was triturated with hexanes to give Boc—D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-isoamyl (1.49 g) as a pale-pink solid. Yield = 84%; MS (m/z): 504 [M+1]+.

C. H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)—O~isoamyl (Ap0844) Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp—OH)-O-isoamyl ed in Section B above (987 mg, 2.0 mmol) was mixed with a 2M HCI in ether solution (30 mL) at RT and stirred for 22.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and concentrated under vacuum by rotary evaporation. The residue was dissolved in water (20 mL) and decolorized with charcoal (1 Q), then ﬁltered through CeliteTM.

The filtrate was neutralized with a 1M sodium hydroxide solution to pH 6. The precipitate was filtered, washed with water to give u(D-Trp-OH)-O-isoamy| (Apo844, 652 mg) as off-white solid. Yield = 82%; 1H NMR ( DMSO-D5+D20, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 7.50 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1 H), 7.03 (t, J z 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.86 - 6.99 (m, 1H), 4.27 - 4.39 (m, 1H), 4.05 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.23 ~ 3.31 (m, 1H), 3.17 (dd, J = 14.2, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (dd, J = 14.2, 8.1Hz, 1H), 2.14 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 2 H), 1.70 - 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.51 - 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.38 - 1.50 (m, 2H), 0.86 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 6 H); MS—ESI (m/z): 404 [M+1]+. —36— VIA510127NZPR 303l34046 Exam pie 4 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-0—Et hydrochloride salt (Ap0836.HCl) .HCI HN voj‘?’ H “HiN 0 00 OH A. Preparation of Boc—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-le)-O~Et Proceeding in a similar manner as described under Example 3A, Boc-D- GIu(D—Trp-O-le)—O—Et was prepared in 87% yield. 1H NMR( DMSO-Ds, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 10.87, (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J: 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J: 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.23 (d, J: 7.7 Hz, 1H), .22 (m, 3H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.98 - 5.06 (m, 2H), 4.55 (apparent q, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.04 — 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.90 - 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.04 —3.19(m, 2H), 2.18— 2.23 (m, 2H), 1.84 - 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.16 (t, J: 7.1 Hz, 3H); MS-ESi (m/z): 552 .

B. Preparation of Boc—D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-Et Proceeding in a r manner as described under e 38, Boo-D- Glu(D-Trp-0H)—O-Et was prepared in quantitative yield. 1H NMR ( s, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 12.62 (br. 1H), 10.82, (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J3 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J: 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J: 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (apparent q, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.03 — 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.87 - 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.13 — 3.18 (m, 1H), 2.96 — 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.13 —2.20 (m, 2H), 1.82 - 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.17 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); MS-ESI (m/z): 462 [M+1]*.

C. Preparation of H-D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)-O~Et.HCI (Ap0836.HCl) To an ice-cooled solution of Boc—D-Glu(D-Trp—OH)-O-Et (4.55 g, 9.8 mmol) obtained in Section 8 above in dichloromethane (100 mL) was bubbled HCI gas for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum by rotary evaporation to give H-D-G|u(D—Trp~OH)-O-Et hydrochloride (Apo836.HC|, VIAS 10|27N ZI’R 303134046 4.0 g) as a foamy solid.1H NMR( DMSO—De, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 12.68 (br. s, 1H), .90, (s, 1H), 8.66 (br, s, 3H), 8.33 (d, J: 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J: 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J3 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J: 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (apparent q, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.13 — 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.90 (br, 1H), 3.16 — 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.98 _. 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.29 — 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.94 - 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); MS—ESI (m/z): 362 [M+1]+ (free base).

Example 5 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)—O-i—Pr, Ap0846 II/\n/ (iN _‘\\ O O O OH A. Preparation of Boc—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-le)-O-i-Pr The Boc-D-Glu(OH)-O~i—Pr was dissolved in DMF (60 mL), and then N- hydroxysuccinimide (2.87 g, 24.9 mmol), EDCl.HC| (4.77 g, 24.9 mmol) and DIPEA (4.3 mL, 24.9 mmol) were successively added. After stirring at RT for 3.5h, H-D-Trp- Ole.HC| (7.55 g, 22.8 mmol) was added ed by DIPEA (4.3 mL, 24.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred for overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with de-ionized water and then extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2804, ed and concentrated to s to give crude Boo-D- G!u(D-Trp-O-le)~O~i~Pr.

B. Preparation of Boc-D-Glu(D~Trp—OH)-O-i—Pr The crude t from section A above was dissolved in isopropanol (100 mL), and 0.7 g of wet 10% Pd—C was added. The mixture was hydrogenated under 40 psi hydrogen gas pressure in a Parr apparatus for 2h. The mixture was filtered, and the ﬁltrate was evaporated to dryness to give crude Boc-D-Glu(D—Trp~0H)-O-i-Pr.

C. Preparation of H—D~Glu(D-Trp—OH)—O-i-Pr, Ap0846 The residue from section 8 above was dissolved in EtZO (20mL), and a 2M HCl in EtZO on (15m L) was added. The mixture was stirred at RT for overnight. The VIA510127NZPR 303134046 on mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in de-ionized water (6 mL), and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to about 5.5 using 8 SN NaOH solution at ice-water bath temperature to afford a crude product. The crude material was puriﬁed using the Biotage instrument with reverse C18 column to afford the u(D~ Trp-OH)-O-i-Pr (Ap0846, 1.06 g) as white solid. Yield : 14%; 1H NMR (DMSO-De +D20, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 7.52 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.04 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 6.99 (m, 1H), 4.90 (quin, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (dd, J = 8.6, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (dd, J = 8.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (dd, J = 14.7, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (dd, J = 14.7, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.16 (t, J: 7.6 Hz,2H), 1.73 - 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.59 - 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.18 (m, 6H); MS-ESI (m/z): 376 {M+1]+.

Example 6 Preparation of H-D-GIu(D-Trp—OH)—0-le, Ap0829 O (R) 'I El \\ le/ "/\[f (i O O O OH A. Preparation of Boc~D~Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-le Boc-D-GIu-OBZI (11.24 g, 33.3 mmol) was mixed with HOSu (3.83 g, 33.3 mmol) and EDCi hydrochloride (6.38 g, 33.3 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) at room temperature and d for overnight. D-Trp-OH (10.2 g, 50 mmol) was added ail at once and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for another 6 h.

The mixture was then quenched with a 0.5N HCI solution (250 mL) as a sticky solid formed. The liquid fraction was decanted and the residual sticky solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with a 0.5 N HCl solution (100 mL x 2), water (100 mL x 2) and brine, dried over M9804 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo by rotary evaporation and the residue was triturated with ether to give Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O~le as a white solid (6.60 g). The mother liquid was concentrated and triturated with 10 % ethyl acetate in hexanes to give a second crop of product as off-white solid (7.23 9). ed yield = 13.829 (79%); 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400MHz) 5 (ppm): 10.82 (br. s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.27 - 7.41 (m, 7H), VIA510127NZI’R 30313-1046 7.11 (s, 1H), 7.05 (t, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.92 — 7.00 (m, 1H), 5.01 - 5.21 (m, 2H), 4.39 - 4.51 (m, 1H), 3.94 - 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.08 - 3.19 (m, 1H), 2.93 - 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 2.26 (m, 2H), 1.32 - 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.67 - 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.37 (s, 9H); MS (m/z) 524 [M+1]+.

B. Preparation of H-D—Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-le hydrochloride salt, Ap0829.HCl Boc—D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)-O-Bz| ( 6.60 g, 12.6 mmol) was mixed with 4M HCI in dioxane (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL) at room temperature. After stirring for 50 min, an additional 4M HCI in dioxane (10 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was d for another 140 min, then concentrated in vacuo by rotary evaporation. The e was triturated with ethyl acetate and the mixture was stirred for overnight. The resulting sticky solid was then triturated with a 10 % ethyl acetate in hexanes mixture to give H~D-G|u(D-Trp-OH)—O-le hydrochloride salt as an off-white solid (5.15 9). Yield = 88 %; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-De) 8 ppm: 10.88 (br. s, 1H), 8.53 (br. s, 3H), 8.31 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.29 - 7.43 (m, 6H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 7.05 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (m, 1H), .24 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (d, J= 12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.41 - 4.52 (m, 1H), 3.96 - 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.16 (dd, J: 14.2, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (dd, J: 14.7, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.26 - 2.36 (m, 2H), 1.92-2.03 (m, 2H). In a ate experiment, the desired HCI product (5.95 g) was obtained in 94% from the deprotection reaction of Boc—D- Glu(D—Trp-OH)-O—le with 4M HCI in dioxane (40 mL).

C. Preparation of H—D~G|u(D-Trp-OH)-O-le, Ap0829 The combined products ed in Step B above (11.0 g) was dissolved in water (75 mL) and filtered. The ice-water cooled filtrate was then neutralized with a 6N NaOH solution to pH about 6. The resulting precipitate was ed, washed with water to afford H-D-G|u(D-Trp-OH)-O—le (Ap0829). The wet product was triturated with ether (100 mL) for an hour, and was then collected via suction filtration. Analysis by HPLC indicated an AUC purity of 96.7 %.Further puriﬁcation was carried out. Thus, the product was mixed with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and 4M HCI in e (20 mL) to form a clear on. The solution was Vl2\510127NZI’R 303134046 concentrated and the residue was triturated with ethyl acetate and s. The solid was dissolved in water (300 mL) and cooled in an ice—water bath, then neutralized with a BN NaOH on to pH about 6. The precipitated ﬁne solid was collected by suction ﬁltration, washed with water and ether to give H—D- G|u(D-Trp-OH)-O-le, Ap0829 (6.05 9). Yield = 60 %; HPLC purity (AUC) = 98.8 %;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO—Ds) 5 ppm: 10.51 (br. s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H). 7.27 — 7.41 (m, 6H), 7.12 (s. 1H), 7.04 (t, J m 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.91 — 6.99 (m, 1H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.35 — 4.46 (m, 1H), 3.30 — 3.36 (m, 1H), 3.16 (dd, J a 14.7, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (dd, J = 14.7, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.12 — 2.24 (m, 2H), 1.74— 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.59 (dd, J: 14.2, 7.1 Hz, 1H); MS~ESl (m/z) 424 [M+1}*.

D. Proceeding in a similar manner as above, H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OCH2CF3, Ap0865 was prepared. 0W2“ O OH Yield = 8.39 (49%); 1H NMR (DMSO-De +020, ) 5 (ppm): 7.50 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.03 - 7.09 (m, 1H), 6.94 - 7.03 (m, 1H), 4.70-4.75 (m, 2H), 4.38-4.41 (m, 1H),3.49-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.93-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.17 - 2.24 (m, 2H), 1.80 -1.86 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.68 (m 1H); MS—ESI (m/z): 416 {M+1]+..

Example 7 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-TrpCH(CH3)-O-CO-O-cyciohexyl)-0H (Ap0843).

V11\5‘10§27N ZI’R A. Preparation of Cbz—D-Giu(D-Trp-OH)-O-Bz|.

Cbz—D-Glu(OH)-O-Bzi (18.57 g, 50 mmol), HOSu (5.76 g, 50 mmol) and EDCl.HCI (9.59 g, 50 mmol) were mixed in DMF (100 mL) at ice-water bath temperature. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT then d at RT for overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled again in an ice-water bath and D— Trp-OH (10.21 g, 50 mmol) was added. The mixture was then d at RT for 6 h. The mixture was poured into a beaker containing a mixture of 0.5M HCl (200 mL) and ice chunks. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate twice (200 mL + 100 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed with water (100 mL x3) and brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium te and ﬁltered. The filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure and the resulting solid was triturated with a mixture of ether and hexanes. Cbz~D~Giu(D— Trp-OH)—O—le (24.5 g) was obtained as a white solid after suction filtration. Yield = 88%; 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 12.55 (br. s, 1H), 10.81 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 — 7.45 (m, 11 H), 7.11 (s, 1 H), 7.05 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.92 — 5.22 (m, 4H), 4.37 —- 4.55 (m, 1H), 3.99 — 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.14 (dd, J,=,14.7, .6 Hz, 1H), 2.92 -— 3.07 (m, 1 H), 2.08 — 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.85 — 2.07 (m, 1H), 1.64 — 1.85 (m, 1H); MS-ESl (m/z): 558 [M+1]+.

B. Preparation of Cbz—D~Glu(D-Trp-O—CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-cyciohexyl)-O-le To a mixture of Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp—OH)-O-le (6.00 g, 10.8 mmol), potassium carbonate (5.94 g, 43.0 mmol) and sodium iodide (28.50 g , 190.1 mmol) in N,N~dimethylformamide (40 mL) was added 1-chioroethyi-cyclohexyl carbonate (8.90 g, 43.0 mmol) at RT. After stirring at 30°C for overnight, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate. The mixture was then washed with water (x3) and brine. The residue was subjected to puriﬁcation by column chromatography on silica gel using a solvent gradient ting of a mixture of ethyl acetate in hexanes (20 to 40%) as . Fractions rich in product were combined, and volatiles were removed in vacuo. Thus, the alkylated product Glu(D-Trp-O—CH(CH3)—O—CO~O~cyclohexyi)-O-le (3.77 g) was obtained VlASlDl27NZPR as a pale—yellow foam. Yield = 48%; 1H NMR (DMSO—De, 400 MHz) 8 ppm: 10.86 (s, 1H), 8.35 (dd, J = 17.7, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (br. s, 11H), 7.14 (d, J: 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.94 - 7.00 (m, 1H), 6.62 (q, J: 5.1 Hz, 0.5H), 6.51 (Q, J: 5.1 Hz, 0.5H), 5.12 (d, J: 3.0 Hz, 2H), 4.97 - 5.09 (m, 2H), 4.40 - 4.59 (m, 2H), 4.05 - 4.15 (m, 1H), 2.93 - 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.15 —2.27 (m, 2H), 1.91 — 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.71 - 1.86 (m, 3H), 1.57- 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.13 - 1.49 (m, 9H); MS—ESl (m/z): 728 [M+1]“.

C. Preparation of H-D—Glu(D-Trp-O-CO-O—cyclohexyl)-OH (A90843) Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)—O-CO-O-cyclohexyl)—O-le obtained in Section B above (3.67 g, 5.0 mmol) and 10 % Pd—C (wet, 1.16 g) was mixed in ethanol (100 mL). The mixture was hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus under a blanket of hydrogen at 15-25 psi of en pressure for 3 h. The mixture was d through CeilteTM and the cake was washed with ethanol. The filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with ether to give the title compound H-D-Glu(D-Trp—O-CH(CH3)-O-CO- O-cyclohexyl)—OH (Ap0843, 2.00 g) as a white solid. Yield = 78%; 1H NMR (DMSO-D6+D20, 400 MHz,) 6 ppm: 7.46 (t, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 - 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.58 - 6.68 (m, 0.5H), 6.42 - 6.57 (m, 0.5H), 4.49 - 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.32 — 4.49 (m, 1H), 3.20 - 3.30 (m, 1H), 2.89 - 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.09 - 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.75 — 1.92 (m, 4H), 1.62 (br. s, 2H), 1.12 - 1.54 (m, 9H); MS-ESI (m/z): 504 [M+1}+.

Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O—CH(CH3)-O-COEt)-OH, Ap0888 140%..”/\n/NH o O O O O/LOAOA Proceeding in a similar manner as described under example 7B, Cbz—D— Glu(D—Trp—O—CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-Et)-O-le (1.65 9, yield = 61%) was prepared 127NZPR 303134046 from the reaction of Cbz-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-Bzi from example 7A (2.24 g, 4.0 mmol) with 1—chloroethyl ethyl carbonate (1.22 g, 8.0 mmol) in the presence of potassium carbonate (1.10 g, 8.0 mmol) and sodium iodide (2.40g, 16.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) at 50°C for overnight. 1H NMR , 400 MHz) 8 ppm: 10.86 (br. s, 1H), 8.24 - 8.47 (m, 1H), 7.79 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 - 7.52 (m, 1H), 7.24 - 7.42 (m, 11H), 7.14 (d, J: 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 7.02 (m, 1H), 6.57 - 6.67 (m, 0.5H), 6.44 - 6.56 (m, 0.5H), 5.12 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 2H), 4.97 — 5.09 (m, 2H), 4.41 — 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.05 - 4.18 (m, 3H), 2.95 - 3.17 (m, 2H), 2.13 - 2.29 (m, 2H), 1.88 - 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.76 (dd, J = 14.1, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (d, J: 6.1 Hz, 1.5H), 1.13 - 1.25 (m, 45H); MS-ESI (m/z): 674 [M+1]+. ding in a similar manner as described under example 7C, H-D- Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-Et)-OH, Apo888, (623 mg, yield = 56%) was prepared from the deprotection of Cbz—D-Giu(D—Trp~O-CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-Et)-O- le (1.65, 2.5 mmol) via hydrogenation with 10 % Pd/C (wet, 0.5 g) in ethanol (100 mL) under a blanket of en. 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 8 ppm: .96 (br. s, 1H), 8.76 (br. s, 1H), 7.41 - 7.52 (m, 1H), 7.34 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (br. s, 1H), 7.02 ~ 7.14 (m, 1H), 6.90 - 7.02 (m, 1H), 6.57 - 6.69 (m, 0.5H), 6.44 - 6.57 (m, 0.5H), 4.36 - 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.14 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.93 - 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.18 - 2.37 (m, 2H), 1.71 - 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.45 (d, J: 5.1 Hz, 1.5H), 1.17 - 1.27 (m, 4.5H). MS m/z: 450 [M+1]+.

Example 9 Preparation of H-D—Glu(D-TrpCH(CH3)-O-COi-Pr)-OH (Ap0891) W‘ﬂiii O O OiO/k Proceeding in a similar manner as described under example 78, Cbz-D- GIu(D-Trp—O-CH(CH3)—O-CO—O—i—Pr)-O-Bz| (1.54 g, yield = 56%) was prepared from the reaction of Cbz—D-Giu(D-Trp-OH)-O—le from Example 7A above (2.24 V]/\510]27NZPR 303134046 9, 4.0 mmol) with 1-chloroethyl isopropyl carbonate (1.33 g, 8.0 mmol) in presence of potassium carbonate (1.10 g, 8.0 mmol) and sodium iodide (2.40 g , 16.0 mmol) in N,N—dimethyiformamide (20 mL) at 50°C for overnight. 1H NMR (CDaOD, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 7.43 - 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.31 (br. s, 11H), 7.03 - 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.92 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.6”.7 - 6.78 (m, 0.5H), 6.53 - 6.67 (m, 0.5H), 5.00 — 5.18 (m, 4H), 4.76 - 4.85 (m, 1H), 4.63 - 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.12 — 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.20 - 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.05 — 3.19 (m, 1H), 2.18 - 2.31 (m, 2H), 2.01 - 2.13 (m, 1H), 1.77 - 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.45 (d, J: 5.1 Hz, 1.5H), 1.18 — 1.31 (m, 7.5H); MS—ESI (m/z): 688 [M+1]+.

Proceeding in a similar manner as described under example 70, HD- G|u(D—Trp-O—CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-i-Pr)-OH, Ap0891, (0.36 9, yield = 36%) was ed from the enation of Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O-CO—O-i—Pr)— O-Bzi (1.50, 2.2 mmol) with 10 % Pd/C (wet, 0.56 g) in ethanol (50 mL).1H NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 7.47 - 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.05 ~ 7.15 (m, 2H), 6.97 - 7.05 (m, 1H), 6.70 - 6.78 (m, 0.5H), 6.58 - 6.66 (m, 0.5H), 4.80 - 4.86 (m, 1H), 4.66 » 4.74 (m, 1H), 3.58 - 3.65 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.37 (m. 1H), 3.04 - 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.32 - 2.50 (m, 2H), 1.93 - 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.49 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1.5H), 1.21 - 1.32 (m, 7.5H); MS-ESl(m/z):464[M+1]+.

Example 10 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH2CO-N(CH3)2)-0H, Ap0893 0 o 0 ”Own“. O\/U\N/ NH2 0 ' Proceeding in a similar manner as described under example 78, Cbz—D- Trp-O~CH2CO-N(CH3)2)—O—le (1.11 g, yield = 43%) was prepared from the reaction of Cbz—D—Glu(D—Trp-OH)—O—le from Example 7A above (2.24 g, 4.0 mmol) with 2-chloro-N,N-dimethyiacetamide (0.73 g, 6.0 mmol) in the ce of potassium carbonate (1.10 g, 8.0 mmol) in N,N—dimethylformamide (20 mL). 0127NZPR 303134046 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHZ) 8 ppm: 10.84 (br. s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 - 7.44 (m, 11H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.02 - 7.15 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.94 - 5.18 (m, 4H), 4.85 (d, J =14.8 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J: 14.8 Hz, 1H), 4.48 - 4.60 (m, 1H), 3.99 - 4.14 (m 1H), 3.28 - 3.32 (m, 1H), 2.95 - 3.07 (m, 1H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.07 - 2.27 (m, 2H), 1.82 — 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.64 - 1.80 (m, 1H); MS-ESI (m/z): 643 [M+1]+.

Proceeding in a similar manner as described under Example 70, H-D- GIu(D—Trp~O—CH2CO-N(CH3)2)-OH, , (0.54 9, yield = 75 %) was prepared from the deprotection of Cbz-D—GIu(D-Trp-O-CH2CO-N(CH3)2)-O-le (1.10 g, 1.7 mmol) via hydrogenation with 10 % Pd/C (wet, 0.62 g) in ethanol (100 mL) under a blanket of hydrogen. 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 10.98 (br. s, 1H), 8.82 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.02 - 7.13 (m, 1H), 6.94 — 7.02 (m, 1H), 4.89 (d, J== 14.8 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (d, J = 14.8 Hz, 1H), 4.46 - 4.58 (m, 1H), 3.26 - 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.95 — 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.24 - 2.36 (m, 1H), 2.11 - 2.24 (m, 1H), 1.72 - 1.89 (m, 2H); MS—ESI (m/z): 419 [M+1]+.

Example 11 Preparation of H-D-GEu(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-OH.HC! salt (Ap0849.HCl) «of,“iii“ OHCI Proceeding in a similar manner as described under example 78, Cbz-D- Glu(D-Trp-O-mofetiI)-O-le hydrochloride (4.53 9, yield = 64%) was prepared from the reaction of Cbz-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O-le (2.24 g, 4.0 mmol) with 2— morpholinoethyl methanesulfonate, which was prepared from 2- morpholinoethanol , 15.0 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (1.72 g, .0 mmol), in the presence of potassium carbonate (1.10 g, 8.0 mmol) in MN— ylformamide (15 mL). 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHZ) d ppm: 10.91 (br. s, VIA510127NZI’R 303134046 2H), 8.49 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J: 8.1 Hz,1H), 7.35 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 11H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 7.03 (m, 1H), 5.12 (br. s, 2H), 4.98 - 5.10 (m, 2H), 4.53 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.22 - 4.41 (m, 2H), 4.06 - 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.61 — 3.89 (m, 4H), 3.01 ~ 3.34 (m, 6H), 2.86 - 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.21 - 2.30 (m, 2H), 1.89 - 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.83 (m, 1H); MS-ESI (m/z): 671 [M+1]*. ding in a similar manner as described under example 7C, H-D- Glu(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-OH hydrochloride salt, Ap0849.HC|, (1.01 9, yield = 74%) was prepared from the hydrogenation of Cbz—D-Giu(D—Trp—O—mofetil)-O-le hydrochloride (2.00 g, 2.8 mmol) with 10 % Pd-C (wet, 1.00 g) in methanol (100 mL).1H NMR (DMSO—Ds, 400 MHz) 8 ppm: 11.20 (br. s, 1H), 8.87 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.32 (t, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (q, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.35 - 4.50 (m, 2H), 3.96 - 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.88 (br. s, 4H), 3.41 (dd, J: 14.1, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.31 (dd, J: 14.1, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.91 - 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.85 (br. s, 4H), 2.45 - 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.12 - 2.28 (m, 2H); MS-ESI (m/z): 447 [M+1]+ (free base).

Example 12 Preparation of u(D-Trp-OCH20-CO-Ph)-OH, Ap0883 Hogan H /\il’ N J O O o I OAOJKQ Proceeding in a similar manner as described under example 78 above, Cbz-D~Glu(D—Trp-OCH20-CO-Ph)-O-le (2.45 g) was obtained after work-up from the reaction of a mixture of chloromethyl benzoate (1.04 g, 6.1 mmol), sodium iodide (4.6 g, 30.7 mmol) and Cbz-D-G|u(D-Trp-OH)-O-Bz| (2.29 g, 4.1 mmol) in presence of DIPEA (0.82 mL, 4.7 mmol) in e (80mL). Yield = 86%; 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 10.86 (br. s, 1H), 8.40 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), VIA510127NZPR 303134046 7.51 - 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24 - 7.42 (m, 11H), 7.14 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.89 - 7.00 (m, 1H), 5.90 — 6.00 (m, 2H), 4.97 - 5.18 (m, 4H), 4.47 - 4.59 (m, 1H), 4.05 - 4.11 (m, 1H), 3.11 - 3.21 (m, 1H), 3.00 - 3.11 (m, 1H), 2.12 - 2.31 (m,2H), 1.87 - 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.67 - 1.83 (m, 1H); MS-ES! (m/z): 692 [M+1}*.

Proceeding in a similar manner as bed under example 70, the hydrogenolysis of Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-OCHzo-CO-Ph)-O-le (2.2 g, 3.2 mmol) obtained above with 2.2 g of wet 10% Pd-C in MeOH (150 mL) under 45 psi hydrogen pressure in a Parr apparatus for 5.5 h afforded crude u(D-Trp- CO-Ph)-OH. Puriﬁcation of the crude product (1.2 g) by flash column chromatography on silica gel using a mixture of i—PrOH and H20 (85/15, v/v) as eluent afforded the title compound u(D-Trp-OCH20-CO-Ph)—OH (Ap0883, 410mg). Yield = 28%; 1H NMR (DMSO~D5+ 020, 400 MHz): 6 ppm: 7.91 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.65 - 7.74 (m, 1H), 7.54 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.04 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 - 6.98 (m, 1H), 5.86 - 5.97 (m, 2H), 4.45 — 4.55 (m, 1H), 3.30 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 2.97 - 3.19 (m, 2H), 2.24 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.75 - 1.93 (m, 2H); MS-ESI (m/z): 468 [M+1]+.

Example 13 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OCHZO-CO-[pentyl])-OH, Ap0889 HO?-W H /\ii’N _. O O O I O OAOJ\(\ in a similar manner as described under Example 12, by replacing chloromethyl benzoate with chloromethyl 2—ethylbutanoate, H-D-GIu(D-Trp- OCHZO-CO-[pent-3~yl])-OH (Apo889) was prepared. 1H NMR (DMSO—DB + 020, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 7.46 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.04 - 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.96 — 7.03 (m, 1H), 5.74 - 5.82 (m, 1H), 5.67 - 5.74 (m, 1H), 4.45 (dd, J: 9.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (t, J: 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.06 - 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.99 Vl1\5l0127NZPR 303134046 (dd, J: 14.7, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 2.14 - 2.32 (m, 3H),1.72 - 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.38 - 1.58 (m, 4H), 0.74 - 0.87 (m, 6H); MS~ES| (m/z): 462[M+1]+.

Example 14 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OCH20-CO-C(CH3)2-CH2CH2CH3)-0H, Ap0895 HO (R) N o Oooo’HA//\ Proceeding in a similar manner as bed in Example 12, by replacing chloromethyl benzoate with chloromethyl 2,2-dimethylpentanoate, H—D—Glu(DTrp-OCHzo-CO-C (CH3)2-CHZCH2CH3)-OH (Ap0895) was prepared. 1H NMR (DMSO-De + D20, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 7.44 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.04 - 7.14 (m, 1H), 6.93 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 5.61 - 5.83 (m, 2H), 4.36 - 4.53 (m, 1H), 3.20 ~ 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.06 - 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.91 - 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.14 - 2.36 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.25 - 1.52 (m, 2H), 0.91 - 1.26 (m, 8H), 0.68 - 0.88 (m, 3H); MS—ESI (m/z): 476 [M+1]".

Example 15 ation of u(D-Trp-OCHZCHZCF3)-OH, Ap0877 no?” H ,/\[r(ﬂ.\N o o o O/\/CF3 In a similar manner as described under example 12, by replacing chloromethyl benzoate with CF30HZCH2l, GIu(D—Trp—OCHZCH20F3)-O-le (2.0 9, yield = 86%) was obtained after puriﬁcation by flash column chromatography on silica gel. Hydrogenolysis of Cbz—D~Glu(D-Trp- OCHZCH2CF3)—O~le (2.0 g, 3.1 mmol) with 1 g of wet 10% Pd-C in EtOH (150 mL) under 45 psi hydrogen pressure in a Parr apparatus for 1.5 h afforded the VlA510l27NZI’R 30313-1046 title compound H-D-Giu(D-Trp-OCH2CHZCF3)-OH (Ap0877, 1.2 g) as a white solid after work up and puriﬁcation. Yield = 91%; 1H NMR Ds + D20, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 7.47 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.95 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 4.43 (dd, J: 9.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (qt, J = 11.7, 5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.10 - 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.96 - 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.41 — 2.64 (m, 2H), 2.17 - 2.36 (m, 2H), 1.76 - 1.96 (m, 2H); MS-ESI (m/z): 430 [M+1]+.

Example 16 Preparation of H-D-Glu(L-Trp-OCHg-CO-N(CH3)2)-OH, Ap0894 \ NHo o o HOWN (S) O\)kN/ H NH2 o I Cbz—D-GIu(OH)—Ole (18.57 g, 50.0 mmol), HOSu (6.04 g, 52.5 mmol) and EDCI hydrochloride (10.55 g, 55.0 mmol) were mixed in DMF (75 mL) and stirred for 2.5 h. L-Trp—OH (12.25 g, 55.0 mmol) was then added to the reaction mixture. After stirring at RT for overnight, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, then washed with a 0.5N HCI solution (x2), water and brine, dried over M9804 and ﬁltered. The fiitrate was trated by rotary evaporation to give Cbz—D-GIu(L—Trp-OH)—OBZI (27.5 g) as a white solid. Yield = 98%. 1H NMR Ds, 400 MHz) d ppm: 12.55 (br. s, 1H), 10.83 (br. s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J z 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 - 7.44 (m, 11H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.02 — 7.10 (m, 1H), 6.90 - 7.01 (m, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.97 - 5.08 (m, 2H), 4.35 - 4.50 (m, 1H), 4.04 - 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.14 (dd, J = 14.7, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (dd, J = 14.7, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.12 - 2.27 (m, 2H), 1.87 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.64 - 1.81 (m, 1H).

To a mixture of Cbz—D-GIu(L-Trp-OH)-Ole (2.24 g, 4.08 mmol) with potassium carbonate (1.11 g, 8.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethyiformamide (20 mL) warmed under a 45°C temperature oil bath was added 2-chloro—N,N— Vh\510127NZl’R 303134046 dimethylacetamide (0.73 g, 6.0 mmol). After stirring for 3h, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl e. The organic layer was washed with water (x3) then brine. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using a solvent e of ethyl acetate/hexanes (8/2, v/v) to give the desired aikylated compound Cbz—D-Glu(L-Trp-OCH2-CO— N(CH3)2)—Ole (1.79 g) as a white foam. Yield = 69%; 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 300 MHz) 5 ppm: 10.85 (br. s, 1H), 8.34 (d, J: 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J: 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (br. s, 11H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.03 - 7.13 (m, 1H), 6.93 - 7.02 (m, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.96 - 5.09 (m, 2H), 4.81 (q, J = 15.1 Hz, 2H), 4.49 - 4.62 (m, 1H), 4.02 - 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.27 ~ 3.33 (m, 1H), 3.01 (dd, J: 14.3, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.12 - 2.30 (m, 2H), 1.87 — 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.64 - 1.80 (m, 1H); MS (m/z): 643 [M+1]+.

Cbz—D-Glu(L-Trp-OCH2-CO-N(CH3)2)-OBz[ (1.65 g, 2.6 mmol) and 10 % Pd-C (wet, 0.36 g) was mixed in ethanol (100 mL). The reaction mixture was hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus for 1.5 h under an atmosphere of hydrogen.

The mixture was ed through CeilteTM. The ﬁltrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation under d pressure and the e was triturated with acetonitrile. The title compound H-D-Glu(L-Trp—OCH2-CO-N(CH3)2)-OH (Ap0894, 1.00 g) was collected by suction ﬁltration as a white solid. Yietd = 92%; 1H NMR (DMSO-D6+ D20, 300 MHz) d ppm: 7.49 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (br. s, 1H), 6.90 - 7.12 (m, 2H), 4.79 (q, J: 15.1 Hz, 2H), 4.47 - 4.61 (m, 1H), 3.26 - 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.19 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.94— 3.12 (m, 1H), 2.88 (br. s, 3H), 2.81 (br. s, 3H), 2.11 — 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.68 - 1.93 (m, 2H).

Example 17 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-O-mofetiL3HC|, Ap0903.3HC| V1A510127NZPR Preparation of Boc—D-Glu(D—Trp—O—mofetil)—O~mofetil To a solution of 2-morpholinoethanol (3.94 g, 30.0 mmol) with triethylamine (5.06 g, 50 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) cooled in an ice- water bath, methanesulfonyl chloride (3.44 g, 30.0 mmol) was carefully added.

After stirring for 10 min, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure by rotary evaporation. The residue was mixed with potassium ate (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and Boc—D—Glu(D~Trp-OH)~OH (4.33 g, 10.0 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) with ice-water bath cooling. The mixture was then heated to 40°C and stirred for overnight. The mixture was d to cool to RT and diluted with ethyl acetate. The inorganic salt was removed by suction ﬁltration and the filtrate was washed with water (x3) and brine. The ethyl e layer was concentrated with silica gel and the crude mixture was purified by column chromatography with a solvent mixture of acetone and ethyl acetate (gradient, 1/9 to 4/6 ratio, v/v) to give Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-O-mofetil (3.13 g) as a white foam. Yield = 47%; 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 10.86 (br. s, 1H), 8.26 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.06 (t, J: 7.1 Hz,1H),6.95 - 7.01 (m, 1H), 4.46 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.17 — 4.27 (m, 1H), 3.97 - 4.12 (m, 3H), 3.88 - 3.97 (m, 1H), 3.43 - 3.57 (m, 8H), 3.13 (dd, J: 14.7, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (dd, J: 14.7, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.20 - 2.55 (m, 14H), 1.80 - 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.65 - 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H); MS-ESI (m/z): 660 [M+1}+.

Proceeding in a similar manner as described under e 6B, the title compound u(D-Trp-O-mofetii)—O-mofetil.3HCI (Ap0903.3HC|, 590 mg, yield = 88%) was obtained from deprodection of Boc—D—Glu(D~Trp—O-mofetil)-O- mofetil (660 mg, 1.0 mmol) in 4M HCI in dioxane (4mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL); 1H NMR (DMSO—De, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 11.21 (br. s, 2H), 10.94 (br. s, 1H), 8.70 (m, 4H), 7.51 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.95 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 4.28 — 4.62 (m, 5H), 4.02 - 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.71 - 3.99 (m, 9H), 2.85 - 3.47 (m, 13H), 2.29 - 2.44 (m, 2H), 1.98 — 2.06 (m, 2H); MS MS—ESI (m/z): 560 [M+1]+ (free base). _52- VIA510|27NZPR 303134046 e 18 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CHZCHZCF3)CH2CH2CF3 hydrochloride (Ap0879.HCI) \ H-C] v- 0 F NH2 0 F To a suspension of H-D-Giu(D-Trp-OH)-OH (2.0 g, 6.0 mmol) in 3,3,3- oropropan—1—ol (8.5 mL, 96.4 mmol) was bubbled HCl (gas) at ice—water bath temperature. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to RT and then stirred for overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was puriﬁed by ﬂash column chromatography on silica gel using a solvent mixture of [PA and CH2CI2 (from 1/9 to 2/8, v/v) as eluent. Fractions rich in product were pooled together and trated in vacuo. The residue was stirred in 2M H01 in Etgo (10 mL), then concentrated to dryness and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.8 g). Y = 53.4%; 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 11.00 (br. s, 1H), 8.73 (br. s, 3H), 8.58 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.04 - 7.13 (m, 1H), 6.96 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 4.43 - 4.53 (m, 1H), 4.29 - 4.43 (m, 2H), 4.14 - 4.29 (m, 2H), 3.95 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.12 - 3.24 (m, 1H), 3.01 - 3.12 (m, 1H), 2.64 - 2.81 (m, 2H), 2.47 — 2.64 (m, 2H), 2.23 - 2.45 (m, 2H), 1.91 — 2.06 (m, 2H); MS—ESl (m/z): 526 [M+1]*. -53..

VIA510127NZPR 303134046 Example 19 Preparation of H—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)CO-O-cyclohexyI)-O-Et hydrochloride salt, Ap0854.HCI O O H~Cl /\WH o o o r r U Cbz—D-Glu(OH)—O-Et (12.1 g, 39.1 mmol), HOSu (4.60 g, 40.0 mmol) and EDC|.HCI (7.67 g, 40.0 mmol) were mixed in DMF (100 mL) under ice-water bath temperature. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT then stirred for overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled again in an ter bath and D-Trp- OH (8.17 g, 40.0 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The mixture was poured into a beaker containing 0.5N HCI (200 mL) and ice s. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x200 ml. + 1x100 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed with a 0.5N HCl solution (100 mL), water (2x100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over MgSO4, then ﬁltered. The filtrate was concentrated via rotary evaporation under reduced pressure and the resulting solid Cbz—D—Glu(D-Trp—OH)-O-Et was triturated with % ethyl e in hexanes. The itated white solid was collected via suction filtration (17.6 g). Yield = 90 %; 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 12.58 (br. s, 1H), 10.82 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J: 8.1 Hz,1H), 7.52 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.23 - 7.42 (m, 6H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.06 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.97 - 5.10 (m, 2H), 4.41 - 4.51 (m, 1H), 3.95 - 4.15 (rn, 3H), 3.15 (dd, J: 14.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (dd, J: 15.2, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.09 - 2.26 (m, 2H), 1.83 - 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.65 - 1.81 (m, 1H), 1.16 (t, J3 7.1 Hz, 3H); MS—ESI (m/z): 496 [M+1]+.

To a mixture of Cbz-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-O—Et (4.95 g, 10.0 mmol) with potassium ate (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and sodium iodide (6.00 g, 40.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) at room temperature, 1-chloroethylcyclohexyl carbonate (6.20 g, 30.0 mmot) was added. After being stirred at room VIA510127NZI’R 303134046 temperature for overnight, additional N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 40°C for overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate then washed with water (3x) then with brine. The crude product Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O—CH(CH3)—O-CO—O~cyc|ohexyl)-O-Et was puriﬁed by column chromatography on silica get using a solvent gradient of a mixture of ethyl e in hexanes (20 to 40%) as eluant. Fractions rich in product were combined together and evaporated to dryness. Thus, the desired compound Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)—O-CO-O-cyclohexyl)-O-Et (4.43 g) was obtained as a pale-yellow foam. Yield = 66 %;1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHz) 8 ppm: 10.86 (br. s, 1H), 8.36 (dd, J: 17.2, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.66 - 7.77 (m, 1H), 7.46 (t, J: 8.0 Hz., 1H), 7.22 — 7.42 (m, 6H), 7.10 - 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.02 - 7.10 (m, 1H), 6.90 — 7.02 (m, 1H), 6.58 - 6.70 (m, 0.5H), 6.46 - 6.58 (m, 0.5H), 5.04 (br. s, 2H), 4.38 - 4.61 (m, 2H), 3.93 - 4.15 (m, 3H), 2.90 - 3.17 (m, 2H), 2.20 (br. s, 2H), 1.54 - 1.96 (m, 6H), 1.02 - 1.53 (m, 12H); MS-ESI (m/z): 666 .

Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)~O-CO-O-cyclohexyl)—O-Et (2.0 g, 3.0 mmol) and 10 % Pd/C (wet, 0.6 g) was mixed in ethanol (50 mL) and 2M HCl in ether (1.7 mL, 3.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus at 20-25 psi of en pressure for an hour. The mixture was filtered through CeliteTM and the cake was washed with ethanol. The filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation and the residue was triturated with a mixture of ether and s. Thus, H-D-G|u(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-cyciohexyl)-O-Et hydrochloride salt (Ap0854.HCI, 0.80 g) was obtained as a pink solid foam. Yield = 47%; 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 10.94 (br. s, 1H), 8.57 (br. s, 4H), 7.47 (t, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.88 ~ 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.58 - 6.72 (q, J = 5.1 Hz, 0.5H), 6.53 (q, J = 5.1 Hz, 0.5H), 4.39 - 4.63 (m, 2H), 4.00 - 4.26 (m, 2H), 3.78 - 4.00 (m, 1H), 2.93 - 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.18 - 2.41 (m, 2H), 1.88 - 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.82 (br. s, 2H), 1.63 (br. s, 2H), 1.13 - 1.53 (m, 12H); MS-ESI (m/z): 532 {M+1]‘“ (free base).

VIA510127NZPR 303 1340-16 Example 20 Preparation of u(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-Et)-O-Et hydrochloride, Ap0901.HC| \ H—Cl O O /\W O O o\/ o T If Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 19 above, Cbz— D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)—O-CO-O~Et)-O—Et (1.64 9, yield 53 %) was prepared from the reaction of CBz-D-GIu(D-Trp—OH)-O—Et (2.48 g, 5.00 mmol) with 1- chloroethyl ethyl carbonate (1.53 g, 10.0 mmol) in presence of potassium carbonate (1.38 g, 10.0 mmol) and sodium iodide (3.00 g, 20.0 mmol) in MN- dimethylformamide (30 mL) at 50 °C overnight. 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds .400 MHz) 6 ppm: 10.87 (br. s, 1H), 8.24 - 8.48 (m, 1H), 7.72 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.42 - 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.22 - 7.42 (m, 6H), 7.14 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.91 - 7.02 (m, 1H), 6.63 (q, J== 5.1 Hz, 0.5H), 6.51 (q, J = 5.1 Hz, 0.5H), 4.97 - .13 (m, 2H), 4.37 - 4.51 (m, 1H), 3.88 - 4.23 (m, 5H), 2.92 - 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.10 - 2.28 (m, 2H), 1.80 - 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 1H), 1.43 (d, J= 5.1 Hz, 1.5H), 1.12 - 1.29 (m, 7.5H).

H-D-Giu(D-Trp—O-CH(CH3)-O-CO-O-Et)~0-Et hydrochloride 1.HCI, 0.97 g) was obtained from the hydrogenation of Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-CH(CH3)—O— COO-Et)—O-Et (1.60, 2.60 mmol) with 10 % Pd/C (wet, 1.00 g) in ethanol (75 mL) and 4M HCI in dioxane (0.8 mL) in a Parr apparatus under a en atmosphere. Yield = 72 %; 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 11.04 (br. s, 1H), 8.56 - 8.89 (m, 4H), 7.42 - 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.06 (t, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 — 7.01 (m, 1H), 6.64 (m, 0.5H), 6.54 (m, 0.5H), 4.39 — 4.57 (m, 1H), 4.05 - 4.27 (m, 4H), 3.80 - 3.97 (m, 1H), 2.97 - 3.24 (m, 2H), 2.20 - 2.45 (m, 2H), 1.92 - 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.45 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1.5H), 1.12 - 1.30 (m, 7.5H); MS-ESI (m/z): 478 [MM]+ (free base).

Vh\510127NZPR 303‘] 340-16 Exam pie 21 Preparation of H-D-Giu(D-Trpmofeti|)Et.2HCI, Ap0900.2HCI 0 o .2HCi /\WO O\/\ NHZ O N/E Proceeding in a simiiar manner as described in Example 19 above, Cbz— D-G|u(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)-O-Et hydrochloride salt (2.21 9, yield 34 %) was prepared from the reaction of Cbz-D-G|u(D-Trp-OH)—O-Et (4.96 g, 10.0 mmol) with 2- morpholinoethyl methanesulfonate, which was made from 2-morpholinoethanol (1.97 g, 15.0 mmol) with methanesulfonyl chloride (1.72 g, 15.0 mmol), in presence of potassium carbonate (2.76 g, 20.0 mmol) in N,N~dimethylformamide (30 mL). 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 8 ppm: 11.07 (br. s, 1H), 10.90 (br. s, 1H), 8.48 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J: 7.1 , 7.27 - 7.43 (m, 6H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 4.98 - 5.11 (m, 2H), 4.54 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.25 - 4.44 (m, 2H), 3.96 - 4.14 (m, 3H), 3.67 ~ 3.91 (m, 4H), 3.04 - 3.33 (m, 6H), 2.85 - 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.19 - 2.30 (m, 2H), 1.85 - 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.17 (t, J: 7.1 Hz, 3H); MS-ESl (m/z): 609 [MM]+ (free base).

H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-O-Et dihydrochloride salt (1.22 g, 65 %) was prepared from the enation of Cbz—D—GIu(D-Trp—O-mofetil)-O-Et hydrochloride (2.21, 3.40 mmol) with 10 % Pd/C (wet, 1.4 g) in ethanol (100 ml.) and 2M HCI in ether (2.5 mi.) in a Parr tus under a hydrogen atmosphere. 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 8 ppm: 11.80 (br. s, 1H), 11.02 (br. s, 1H), 8.66 - 8.85 (m, 4H), 7.51 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (br. s, 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94 — 7.02 (m, 1H), 4.56 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.33 ~ 4.45 (m, 2H), 4.06 - 4.23 (m, 2H), 3.86 (br. s, 5H), 2.90 - 3.37 (m, 8H), 2.26 - 2.46 (m, 2H), 1.91 - 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J: 6.6 Hz, 3H); MS—ESI (m/z): 475 [M+1]+ (free base).

VIA510127NZI’R 303134046 Example 22 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-Oindanyl)-0H, Ap0851 HO 0 \ (R) Q o o A. Preparation of H-D-Trp-Oindanyl hloride Boc—D-Trp-OH (3.04 g, 10.0 mmol), 5-indanol (5.41 g, 40.0 mmol), EDC|.HC| (2.30 g, 12.0 mmol), HOBt hydrate (1.68 g, 11.0 mmol) and N- methylmorpholine (1.21 g, 12.0 mmol) were mixed in dichloromethane (10 mL).

The on mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight and then diluted with ethyl acetate. The mixture was washed with water (2x) and brine, then dried over magnesium sulphate. The product was puriﬁed by column chromatography on silica gel using a solvent gradient consisting of a mixture of ethyl acetate (5 to 20%) in hexanes as eluent to give Boc-D—Trp-O-S-indanyl (3.26 g) as a colorless foam. Yield: 77 %; 1H NMR (CD300, 90 MHz) 5 ppm: 7.60 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27 - 7.47 (m, 1H), 6.88 - 7.27 (m, 4H), 6.48 - 6.82 (m, 2H), 4.63 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H) 4.10 (q, 68 Hz, 1H) 2.63 — 3.05 (m, 4H), 1.87 - 2.31 (m, 3H) 1.09 - 1.65 (m, 11H); MS-ESI (m/z) 421 .

Boc—D-Trp-O-S-indanyl (3.25 g, 7.70 mmol) was mixed with 2M HCI in ether (20 mL) at room temperature and stirred for 20 h. Additional 2M HCI in ether (10 mL) was added and the e was kept stirring for another 3.5 h. The precipitate was ted by suction filtration, thoroughly washed with ether to give H-D-Trp—O-S-indanyl hydrochloride as off-white solid (2.01 9). Yield: 72 %; 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 7.57 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.08 - 7.20 (m, 2H), 6.97 - 7.06 (m, 1H), 6.51 - 6.62 (m, 2H), 4.45 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 - 3.49 (m, 2H), 2.70 - 2.84 (m, 4H), 1.91 - 2.05 (m, 2H); MS m/z: 321 [M+1]+ (free base).

B. Preparation of Cbz-D-Glu(D—Trp~O—5—indanyl)-O-le ~58— Vl!\510127NZPR 30313-1046 H-D-Trp-O-S-indanyl hloride (1.00 g, 2.8 mmol), Cbz—D-Glu-O-le (1.04 g. 2.80 mmol), EDCl .HCI (0.64 g, 3.30 mmol), HOBt hydrate (0.47 g, 3.10 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (0.57 g, 5.60 mmol) were mixed in dichloromethane (10 mL). The reaction e was stirred at room ature for overnight and then diluted with ethyl acetate. The mixture was washed with water, a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water, 0.5N HCI solution and brine, then dried with magnesium sulphate. The organic solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation and the residue was triturated with ether to give Cbz—D-GIu(D-Trp-Oindanyl)—O-le (1.63 g) as a white soiid. Yield 87 %; 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHZ) 6 ppm: 10.92 (br. s, 1H), 8.52 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 - 7.41 (m, 12H), 7.04 — 7.18 (m, 2H), 6.94 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.57 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 4.99 - 5.09 (m, 2H), 4.55 - 4.70 (m, 1H), 4.08 - 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.12 - 3.28 (m, 2H), 2.70 - 2.86 (m, 4H), 2.29 (br. s, 2H), 1.92 - 2.08 (m, 3H), 1.69 - 1.90 (m, 1H); MS—ESI (m/z): 674 .

C. Preparation of H-D-Giu(D-Trp-O-5—indanyI)-OH, Apo851 Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-5~indanyl)-O-Bzi (1.62 g, 2.4 mmol) and 10 % Pd/C (wet, 0.60 g) were mixed in ethanol (180 mL). The reaction mixture was hydrogenated under a hydrogen atmosphere using a balloon for 4h. The mixture was filtered through CeliteTM and the cake was washed with ethanol. The ﬁltrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation and the residue was triturated with acetonitrile to give H-D-GIu(D-Trp~O-5~indany|)-OH 1, 0.95 g) as a white solid. Yield = 80 %;1H NMR (DMSO—De, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 10.99 (br. s, 1H), 9.02 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.1 Hz,1H),7.04 - 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.92 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.59 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (Q, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.11 — 3.43 (m, 4H), 2.71 - 2.87 (m, 4H), 2.23 - 2.42 (m, 2H), 1.94 - 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.71 - 1.93 (m, 2H); M8- E81 (m/z): 450 [M+1]+.

VIA510127NZPR 303134046 Example 23 ation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-(2—methoxyphenyl))—OH, Ap0852 HO O \ (R) H “it Q A. Preparation of H-D-Trp-O-(2-methoxyphenyl) hydrochloride Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 22A above, Boc— D—Trp-O-(2-methoxyphenyl) (5.85 9, yield = 70 %) was prepared from Trp- OH (6.08 g, 20.0 mmol), EDC|.HC| (4.60 g, 24.0 mmol), HOBt hydrate (3.36 g, 22.0 mmol), N—methylmorpholine (2.42 g, 24.0 mmol) and 2-methoxyphenoi (10.3 g, 80.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) at room temperature. 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 10.89 (br. s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 - 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.11 - 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.09 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 - 7.03 (m, 3H), 4.36 - 4.51 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.31 - 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.09 - 3.20 (m, 1H), 1.35 (s, 7.5H), 1.28 (s, 15H).

H-D-Trp-O-(Z-methoxyphenyl) hydrochloride (4.55 9, yield = 96%) was prepared from the reaction of Trp-O-(Z-methoxyphenyl) (5.64 g, 13.6 mmol) with 2M H0] in ether (40 mL) at room temperature.

B. Preparation of Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp~O-(2-methoxyphenyl))-O-le Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 22B above, Cbz—D-GIu(D-Trp-O-(2-methoxyphenyl))-O—le (2.25 9, yield = 47%) was prepared from p—O-(Z-methoxyphenyl) hydrochloride (2.50 g, 7.2 mmol), EDCl.HCl (1.66 g, 8.6 mmol), HOBt hydrate (1.21 g, 7.9 mmol), N- methylmorpholine (1.53 g, 15.1 mmol) and Cbz-D-Glu-O-le (2.68 g, 7.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) at room temperature. 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 10.90 (br. s, 1H), 8.50 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 - 7.40 (m, 13H), 7.05 - 7.15 (m, 2H), 6.96 - 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.87 - 6.96 (m, 2H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.98 - 5.09 (m, 2H), 4.69 - 4.79 (m, 1H), 4.05 - VI/\510127NZPR 303134046 4.16 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.32-3.41(m, 1H), 3.15 (dd, J = 14.7, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.15 - 2.35 (m, 2H), 1.88 - 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.70 — 1.86 (m, 1H); MS—ESI (m/z): 664 [M+1]*.

C. Preparation of H-D-Glu(D—Trp-O—(2-methoxyphenyi))—OH, Apo852 Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 22C above, H- D-Glu(D-Trp-O-(2-methoxyphenyl))—OH, Ap0852 (1.11 9, yield = 84%) was prepared from the hydrogenation of Cbz—D—Glu(D—Trp-O-(2-methoxyphenyl))-O- le (2.00 g, 3.0 mmol) with 10 % Pd/C (wet, 0.75 g) in ethanol (200 mL) under an atmosphere of hydrogen using a balloon. 1H NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 7.60 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.17 — 7.26 (m, 2H), 6.99 - 7.14 (m, 3H), 6.88 - 6.95 (m, 2H), 4.99 (dd, J: 9.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.60 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (dd, J: 14.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.21 - 3.30 (m, 1H), 2.35 — 2.57 (m 2H), 1.98 - 2.11 (m, 2H); MS—ESI (m/z): 440 [M+1]+.

Example 24 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-O-CH20H2CF3 dihydrochloride (Ap0913.2HCl) O O .2HCI (R)lo/VNQ A. Preparation of Boc—D-Trp-O-mofetilO A solution of Boc-D-Trp-OH (30.4 9, 100.0 mmol), 2—morpholinoethanol (13.2 9, 100.0 mmol), EDCI.HC| (19.2 9, 100.0 mmol), HOBt hydrate (15.3 9, 100.0 mmol) in romethane (300 mL) was d at room temperature. After two days the reaction mixture was trated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate. The resulting solution was sively washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2x), water (2x) and brine, then dried over magnesium sulphate. After ﬁltration, the organic fraction was trated in vacuo to give crude Boc-D~Trp-O—mofetil (37.6 g) as a pale-brown oil. The product was used in the next step reaction without further puriﬁcation. 1H NMR —61— VIASIOIZ’JNZPR (C003, 400 MHz) 5 (ppm): 8.37 (br. s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J = 7.6 Hz,1H),7.06 - 7.14 (m, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 5.12 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.58 - 4.71 (m, 1H), 4.10 - 4.20 (m, 2H), 3.58 - 3.73 (m, 4H), 3.19 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.43 - 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.29 - 2.42 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9H).

B. Preparation of H-D-Trp-O-mofetil dihydrochloride To a solution of Boc-D-Trp-O-mofetil (37.0 g, 89.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (250 mL) was slowly bubbled HCI gas for 3 h. The resulting precipitate was collected via suction ﬁltration and ghly washed with ethyl acetate to give H- D-Trp-O-mofetil dihydrochtoride (30.6 g) as an off-white solid. Yield = 88%; 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400MHz) 8 (ppm): 11.35 (br. s, 1H), 11.11 (br. s, 1H), 8.77 (br. s, 3H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.10 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 7.06 (m, 1H), 4.33 - 4.57 (m, 2H), 4.22 - 4.31 (m, 1H), 3.85 (br. s, 4H), 2.82 - 3.48 (m, 8H); MS-ESI (m/z): 318 [M+1]* (free base).

C. Preparation of Boc—D-Glu-(OBn)-O-CH20H20F3 A e of Glu-(OBn)-OH (6.75 g, 20.0 mmol), 3,3,3- trifluoropropanol (2.28 g, 20.0 mmol), EDClJ—ICI (3.84 g, 20.0 mmol) and HOBt hydrate (3.06 g, 20.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate. The resulting solution was successively washed with a 1N HCI solution (2x), a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2x), water (2x) and brine, then dried over magnesium sulphate. After filtration, the filtrate was evaporated to dryness and then triturated with ether to afford a ﬁrst cr0p of Boc-D-Glu-(OBn)—O-CH2CH20F3 (3.69 g) as a white solid. The mother liquid was concentrated to give a second crop (1.09 g).

Total 2 4.78 g, 1H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz) 8 (ppm): 7.35 (br. s, 5H), 4.93 - 5.29 (m, 3H), 4.26 - 4.50 (m, 2H), 2.34 - 2.67 (m, 4H), 2.09 - 2.34 (m, 1H), 1.90 - 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.35 - 1.49 (m, 9H).

D. ation of Boc-D-Giu-O—CchHgCF3 -62— V11\510127NZPR 303134046 A mixture of Boc-D-Glu-(OBn)-O-CH20H20F3 (4.71 g, 10.8 mmol) and % Pd-C (wet, 1.22 g) in ethyl acetate (100 mL) was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere using a bailoon at RT for 2 h. The mixture was filtered through CeliteTM and the filtrate was trated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with hexanes to give Boc—D-Glu—O—CHgCHzCFs (3.43 g) as a white solid, which was used without further purification in the next step.

E. Preparation of Boc~D~Glu—(D—Trp—O—mofetil)—O—CHgCHZCF3 To a mixture H—D—Trp-O—mofetil diHCl (1.26 g, 3.2 mmol), Boc-D-GIu-O- CHZCHZCFg (1.00 g, 2.94 mmoi) and EDCIHCI (0.62 g, 3.23 mmol) in dichloromethane (75 mL), triethylamine (0.98 g, 9.7 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room ature for overnight and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and the resuiting solution was successively washed with water, a ted sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, then dried over ium sulphate, ﬁitered, and concentrated with silica gel. The product was purified by column tograpy with ethyl acetate as eluent to give Boc—D-Glu—(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)-O-CHzCHgCF3 (0.944 g) as a white foam. Yield = 45%. 1H NMR (CDCla, 400MHz) 5 (ppm): 8.21 (br. s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.00 - 7.15 (m, 2H), 6.37 (br. s, 1H), 5.32 (br. s, 1H), 4.80 - 5.05 (m, 1H), 4.06 - 4.48 (m, 5H), 3.58 — 3.85 (m, 4H), 3.19 - 3.46 (m, 2H), 2.08 - 2.69 (m, 10H), 1.80 - 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H); MS—ESI (m/z): 643 [M+1]+.

F. Preparation of H~D~G|u—(D—Trp-O—mofetil)—O-CH2CHZCFg dihydrochioride Proceeding In a similar manner as bed under example 68, the title compound H-D-GIu(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)-O-CH2CH20F3.2HCI (Ap0913.2HCI, 737 mg, yield = 86%) was obtained from the ection of Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-O- mofeti|)-O-CH20HZCF3 (890 mg, 1.4 mmol) in 4M H01 in dioxane (3.45 mL) and ethyl acetate (3.0 mL). 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400MHz) 6 (ppm): 11.41 (br. s, 1H), 10.95 (br. s, 1H), 8.68 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 8.61 (br. s, 3H), 7.51 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.04 — 7.11 (m, 1H), 6.95 - 7.03 (m, -63— VIA510127NZPR 303134046 1H), 4.57 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.27 - 4.45 (m, 4H), 3.96 - 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.85 (br. s, 4H), 2.83 — 3.37 (m, 8H), 2.63 - 2.81 (m, 2H), 2.25 - 2.45 (m, 2H), 1.91 ~ 2.06 (m, 2H); MS~ES| (m/z): 543 [(M+1]+ (free base). e 25 Preparation of H-D~Glu(D-Trp-O-mofetil)-O-isoamyl dihydrochloride (Ap091 7.2HCl) HN(HZN.2HCl :3:O/\/N\J A. Preparation of Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-O~mofeti|)-O-isoamyl Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 24E above, Boc- D-G|u(D~Trp~O-mofetil)-O-isoamyl (2.22 9, yield = 57%) was prepared from the reaction of Boc-D-Glu~0»isoamyl (Example 2, 2.00 g, 6.3 mmol) and H-D-Trp-O- mofetil hydrochloride le 24B, 2.46 g, 6.3 mmol) with HOBt hydrate (1.06 g, 6.9 mmol), EDCl hloride (1.38 g, 7.2 mmol) and N—methylmorpholine (0.64 g, 6.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) at room temperature for overnight. 1H NMR (DMSO~D6, 400MHz) 6 (ppm): 10.86 (br. s, 1H), 8.29 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 7.02 (m, 1H), 4.46 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.96 - 4.16 (m, 4H), 3.84 - 3.97 (m, 1H), 3.43 - 3.57 (m, 4H), 3.08 - 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.93 - 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.09 ~ 2.45 (m, 8H), 1.79-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.56 - 1.79 (m, 2H), 1.24 - 1.55 (m, 11H), 0.87 (d, J: 6.1 Hz, 6H); MS~ESI (m/z): 617 [M+1]".

B. Preparation of H-D-Glu(D~Trp—O-mofetil)-O-isoamyl dihydrochloride Proceeding In a similar manner as described under example 6B, the title compound H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-mofeti|)-O-isoamyl ochloride (0.81 9, yield 2 40%) was obtained from the deprotection of Boc—D-Glu(D—Trp-O-mofeti|)-O- isoamyl (2.13 g, 1.4 mmol) in 4M HCl in dioxane (15 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 —64- VII\510I27NZPR 303134046 mL). 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400MHz) 5 (ppm): 11.75 (br. s, 1H), 11.01 (br. s, 1H), 8.72 (br. s, 4H), 7.52 (d, .1 = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.04 - 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.92 - 7.02 (m, 1H), 4.49 - 4.64 (m, 1H), 4.39 (br. s, 2H), 4.14 (br. s, 2H), 3.70 - 3.97 (m, 5H), 2.80 - 3.46 (m, 8H), 2.19 — 2.46 (m, 2H), 1.87 - 2.11 (m,2H), 1.55 — 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.49 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 2H), 0.87 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 6H); MS—ESI (m/z): 517 [M+1]+ (free base).

Example 26 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-Bn)-O-mofetil dihydrochloride (Ap0904.2HC|) (\N/VO O \ od @1112;o(R) N .2HCI 0 0/\© A. Preparation of Boc-D-Glu-(OBn)-O-mofeti| Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 240 above, Boc- D-GIu-(OBn)-O-mofetil (8.70 9, yield = 96 %) was ed from the reaction of Boc—D-Glu-(OBn)-OH (6.75 g, 20.0 mmol), holinoethanot (2.62 g, 20.0 mmol), HOBt e (3.06 g, 20.0 mmol) and EDCi hydrochloride (3.84 g, 20.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) at room temperature for overnight. 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400MHz) 6 (ppm): 7.16 — 7.61 (m, 5H), 5.77 (s, 1H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.18 — 4.42 (m, 1H), 3.88 - 4.18 (m, 2H), 3.52 (br..s, 4H), 2.51 (br. s, 4H), 2.23- 2.46(m,4H), 1.71 - 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.20 - 1.57 (m, 9H).

B. Preparation of Boc-D—Glu-(OH)—O-mofeti| Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 24D above, Boc- D—Giu-(OH)~O-mofeti| (6.58 9, yield = 94 %) was prepared from the hydrogenation of Glu-(OBn)-O-mofetil (8.70 g, 19.3 mmol) with 10 % Pd-C (wet, 2.5 g) in ethyl acetate (100 mL) under a hydrogen atmosphere using a Parr instrument. MS—ESI (m/z): 361 [M+1]+. ~65- VIA510127N21’R 303134046 C. Preparation of Boc-D-Glu-(D-Trp-O-Bn)—O-mofetil Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 24E above, Boc- D-Glu-(D-Trp-O-Bn)-O-mofetil (1.72 9, yield = 54 %) was prepared from the reaction of Boc-D-Glu-O—mofetil (1.80 g, 5.0 mmol) and H~D—Trp-0Bn hydrochloride (1.65 g, 5.0 mmol) with EDCI hloride (0,96 9, 5.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) at room temperature for ght. MS-ESI (m/z): 637 [M+1}+.

D. Preparation of H-D-Glu-(D-Trp-O-Bn)-O-mofeti| dihydrochloride Proceeding in a simiiar manner as described under example 6B, the title nd H-D-Giu-(D-Trp-O-Bn)—O-mofetil dihydrochloride (Ap0904.2HCl, 1.26 9, yield = 77%) was obtained from the deprotection of Boc—D-GIu-(D-Trp-O—Bn)~ O-mofetil (1.70 g, 2.67 mmol) with 4M HCI in dioxane (8 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL).1H NMR (DMSO—De, 400MHz) 6 (ppm): 11.12 (br. s, 1H), 10.91 (s, 1H), 8.68 (br. s, 3H), 8.56 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 - 7.39 (m, 4H), 7.09-7.20 (m., 3H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.95 - 7.03 (m, 1H), 4.93 - 5.10 (m, 2H), 4.38 - 4.63 (m, 3H), 4.00 ~ 4.16 (m, 1H), 3.85-4.00 (m, 4H), 3.00 - 3.52 (m, 8H), 2.27 - 2.42 (m, 2H), 1.95 - 2.16 (m, 2H). MS-ESI (m/z): 537 [M+1]+ (free base).

Example 27 Preparation of H-D-Giu(D-Trp-OH)-O-mofeti| dihydrochloride (Ap0905.2HCI) Proceeding in a r manner as described in Example 22C above, H-D- Trp-OH)—O-mofeti| dihydrochloride (Ap0905.2HC|, 580 mg, yield = 75%) was prepared from the hydrogenation of H—D—GIu-(D-Trp-O-Bn)-O-mofetil dihydrochloride (900 mg, 1.48 mmol) with 10 % Pd/C (wet, 450mg) in ethanol (50 ViA510127NZPR 303134046 mL) under an atmosphere of hydrogen using a balloon. 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400MHz) 6 (ppm): 11.28 (br. s, 1H), 10.89 (br. s, 1H), 8.73 (br. s, 3H), 8.34 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 - 7.01 (m, 1H), 4.38 - 4.63 (m, 3H), 4.03 (br. s, 1H), 3.92 (br. 3., 4H), 3.07 - 3.60 (m, 7H), 3.01 (dd, J: 14.7, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.27 - 2.39 (m, 2H), 1.91 — 2.06 (m, 2H); MS—ESI (m/z): 447 [M+1]*. e 28 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-Oindanyl)-O-mofetil dihydrochloride (Ap0906.2HCl) NH l NH +cr3 //\crNi O\// H ation of Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-Oindanyl)-O-mofetil Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 24E above, Boc~ D-Giu(D—Trp—O-S-indanyi)—O—mofetil (499 mg, yield = 75%) was prepared from the reaction of Boc-D-Glu-O—mofetil (2.00 g, 6.3 mmol), H-D—Trp-O—5-indanyl hydrochloride (Example 22A, 2.46 g, 6.3 mmol) with HOBt hydrate (1.06 g, 6.9 mmol), EDCI hydrochloride (1.38 g, 7.2 mmol) and N—methylmorpholine (0.64 g, 6.3 mmoi) in dichloromethane (20 mL) at room ature for overnight. 1H NMR (CDCIs, 400MHz) 5 (ppm): 8.79 (br. s, 1H), 7.61 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.08 - 7.24 (m, 4H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.70—6.77 (m, 2H), 5.14 - .26 (m, 2H), 4.17 - 4.32 (m, 2H), 4.04 ~ 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.63 - 3.74 (m, 4H), 3.42 ~ 3.57 (m, 2H), 2.88 (t, J: 7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.61 (t, J: 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (br. s, 4H), 2.24 - 2.32 (m, 2H), 2.03 — 2.18 (m, 3H), 1.81 - 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.44 (br. s, 9H); MS—ESI (m/z): 663 [M+1]”. -67— VlA510127NZl’R 303134046 Preparation of H~D~Glu(D-Trp-Oindanyl)-O-mofetil dihydrochloride Proceeding in a similar manner as described under e 68, the title compound H-D—Glu(D-Trp-Oindanyl)-O-mofetil dihydrochloride (Ap0906.2HC], 85 mg, yield = 62%) was obtained from the deprotection of Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-O- -indanyl)—O-mofetil (142 mg, 0.214 mmol) in 4M HCI in dioxane solution (3 mL) and ethyl acetate (3 mL). 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400MHz) 6 (ppm): 11.05 (br. s, 1H), 10.97 (br. s, 1H), 8.51 - 8.91 (m, 4H), 7.54 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.95 ~ 7.05 (m, 1H), 6.55 - 6.67 (m, 2H), 4.38 - 4.73 (m, 3H), 4.01-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.76 — 4.01 (m, 4H), 2.98 - 3.50 (m, 8H), 2.79 (m, 4H), 2.29 - 2.48 (m, 2H), 1.88 - 2.17 (m, 4H); MS-ES! (m/z): 563 [M+1]+ (free base).

Example 29 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-cyclohexyl)-0H (Ap0850) HOWN“(R) .

NH2 0 00 A. Preparation of p-O-cyclohexyl hloride salt To a suspension of Boc-D-Trp—OH (15.0 g, 49.4 mmol) in CH2012 was added EDC.HCI (14.2 g, 74.1 mmol) at RT. To the resulting clear solution was added cyclohexanol (26.1 mL, 247 mmol) followed by DMAP (0.6 g, 4.9 mmol) at RT. The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 days. The reaction e was partitioned between a 1N HCI solution (200 mL) and EtOAc (120 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted once again with EtOAc (150 mL). The combined organic fractions was washed with 1N HCI (100 mL) followed by water (100 mL), then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness. The residue was puriﬁed by flash column chromatography on silica gel (100% hexanes and % EtOAc in hexanes as eluent) to afford Trp-O—cyclohexyl as a ish solid (15.4 9). Yield = 81%; MS—ESI (m/z): 387 [M+1]+.

VIA510127NZPR 303‘1 340-16 To a solution of Boc—D—Trp—O—cyclohexyl (13.8 9, 35.8 mmol) in CHZClz cooled to 5-10°C was bubbled HCI gas for 30 min. The resulting solid suspension was collected by suction ﬁltration, washed with CH2CI2 (2 x 100 mL), then dried in a vacuum oven at 42°C for 6h. Thus, H-D-Trp—O—cyclohexyl hloride salt was obtained (6.4 g) as a solid. 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 6 ppm: 11.12 (br. s, 1H), 8.68 (br.s, 3H), 7.55 (d, J: 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (apparent br. t, 1H), 4.13 (apparent br. t, 1H), 3.30 - 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.22 — 3.28 (m, 1H), 1.44 — 1.50 (m, 1H), 1.35 ~ 1.65 (m, 4H), 1.10 - 1.30 (m, 5H); MS-ESi (m/z): 287 [MM]+ (free base).

B. Preparation of Cbz—D-Glu(D-Trp-O-cyclohexyl)-O»le.

To a solution of Cbz-D—Glu-O-le (2.89, 7.6 mmol), EDC.HCI (2.29, 11.4 mmol), HOBt hydrate (1.59, 11.4 mmol) and DlPEA (3.3 mL, 19.0 mmol) was added p-O—cyclohexyl hydrochloride salt (3.2 9, 9.9 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred under a t of nitrogen for overnight. The e was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the e was partitioned between a 5% sodium carbonate solution (150 mL) and EtOAc (150 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted once again with EtOAc (150 mL). The combined organic fractions was successively washed with a 5% sodium carbonate solution (100 mL), a 1N HCI solution (2x100 mL) and water (100mL), then dried over sodium sulfate, ﬁltered and trated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by cotumn chromatography on silica gel (20 to 40% EtOAc in hexanes then 10% MeOH in EtOAc as eluent) afforded Cbz-D-Glu(D—Trp—O-cyclohexyl)—O—le.in quantitative yield. 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 10.88 (br. s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J: 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 — 7.40 (m, 11H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.08 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 5.02 — 5.10 (m, 2H), 4.56 — 4.62 (m, 1H), 4.48 (apparent q, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.05 — 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.04 - 3.12 (m, 1H), 2.98 — 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.15 - 2.25 (m, 2H), 1.90 — 2.00 (m, 1H), 0.90 — 1.80 (m, 11H); MS-ESI (m/z): 640 [M+1]“.

VIA510127NZPR 303134046 C. Preparation of H~D-Glu(D-Trp-O—cyolohexy|)-OH (Ap0850).

A solution of G|u(D—Trp-O—cyclohexyl)-O-Bz| (2.89 g, 4.52 mmol) and 10% wet Pd/C (387 mg) in EtOH (180 mL) was subjected t hydrogenolysis under a hydrogen pressure of 15 psi for 2.75h. The mixture was filtered over a pad of CeliteTM and the ﬁltrate was ated to dryness. ation of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (5 to 20% MeOH in CHZCIZ) ed H-D-Glu(D-Trp-O-cyclohexyl)—OH (Ap0850, 1.409) as a white solid.

Yield = 75%;1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 11.01 (br. s, 1H), 8.78 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 — 8.20 (br above baseline hump), 7.49 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.06 (t, J2 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (br apparent t, 1H), 4.48 (apparent q, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.20 — 3.60 (br above baseline hump), 3.30 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.10 - 3.18 (m, 1H), 2.98 — 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.24 - 2.32 (m, 2H), 1.83 - 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.50 — 1.70 (m, 4H), 1.15 - 1.45 (m, 6H); MS-ESI (m/z): 416 [M+1]+.

Example 30 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OCH20-CO-C(CH3)3)-0H, Ap0839 HO1% W01(R) N O O O GAO/“\K Proceeding in a similar manner as described in Example 12, by replacing chloromethyl te with chloromethyl pivaiate, H—D-Glu(D-Trp—OCH20-CO- C(CH3)3)—OH (Ap0839) was prepared. 1H NMR (DMSO~D6, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 11.09 (br. 1H), 8.83 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 -— 8.20 (br above baseline hump), 7.47 (d, J: 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J: 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.68 — 5.76 (m, 2H), 4.42 - 4.48 (m, 1H), 3.40 — 3.70 (br. above baseline hump), 3.29 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.12 — 3,15 (m, 1H), 3.00 - 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.26 — 2.30 (m, 2H), 1.46 - 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.12 (s, 9H); MS—ESl (m/z): 448 [M+1]+.

VIA510127NZPR 303134046 Example 31 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D-Trp-0H)-0Me (Ap0841) \OWW(R) 0H NH2 o A mixture of Boc—D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)—OBZI (Example GA, 2.10 g, 4.00 mmol) and sodium methoxide (0.55 g, 10.0 mmol) in methanol (60 mL) was d at RT for 25 min. The reaction e was quenched with acetic acid (0.6 mL, 10.5 mmol), then evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford crude Boc—D-Glu(D—Trp- OH)-OMe as an oil.

The al oil was taken up in CH2Cl2 (180 mL), then washed with a mixture of de-ionized water (50 mL) and acetic acid (0.3 mL). The organic solution was dried over Na2804, filtered, and the volume of the filtrate was reduced to about 80 mL via rotary ation. The organic layer was cooled in an ice-water bath, as HC] gas was bubbled in slowly. The progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC. The upper liquid was decanted, and the sticky solid was triturated with more CH2CI2. The sticky solid was then dissolved in water (30 mL) and the pH of the on was adjusted to about 5.5 by with a BN NaOH solution (0.5 mL, 3 mmol). Acetonitrile (100 mL) was then added, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo to give an oil. Upon trituration with ethyl acetate a solid formed. The solid was collected via suction ﬁltration, thoroughly washed with water and dried to afford H-D—GIu(D-Trp-OH)-0Me (Apo822, 0.49 9). Yield = 35 %; HPLC (AUC) purity at 280 nm = 98.1%; 1H NMR (DMSO-Ds) 8 ppm: 10.82 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J: 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J: 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.05 (t, J: 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.28-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.63 (m, 1H); MS- ESl (m/z): 348 [M+1]“. -71..

ViA510127NZI’R 303134046 Example 32 Preparation of a mixture of D-Glu(D-Trp-OCH2CF3)-OH and D-Glu(L-Trp- OCHgCF3)-OH, Apo860 (R) O:HNlF3 (R) H2N (R) “W (8) 00A ACFS—- 7: 3 mixture A. Preparation of Cbz-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OBn.

To an ice—water cooled solution of GIu—OBZI (20.0 g, 53.9 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) was added N-hydroxysuccinimide (6.82 g, 59.2 mmol), followed by EDC|.HC| (11.4 g, 59.2 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at RT for overnight. The e was then cooled in an ice—water bath, and p-OH (12.1 g, 59.2 mmol) was added, followed by DIPEA (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for ght. The reaction mixture was quenched with a 0.5N HCI, solution and then extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was washed with a % citric acid on and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2804, filtered and trated to dryness. The residue was triturated with Etgo, and the solid was collected via ﬁltration to afford Cbz-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)—OBn (26.1 9). Yield = 87%; MS—ESI (m/z): 558 [Mi-11+.

B. Preparation of a mixture of D—GIu(D-Trp-OCH20F3)-OH and D-GIu(L—Trp- OCHZCF3)—OH, Ap0860 To an ice-water cooled solution of Cbz-D-Glu(D~Trp—OH)—OBZI (3.5 g, 6.3 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added N-hydroxysuccinimide (0.8 g, 6.9 mmol), followed by EDCl.HCl (1.32 g, 6.9 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at RT for overnight. The mixture was then cooled in an ice-water bath and DIPEA (1.23 mL, 6.9 mmol) was added, followed by 2.2.2-trifluoroethanol (1.8 mL, 25.1 mmol).The e was stirred at RT for 5 h. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between water and EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was collected and washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2804, filtered and concentrated to VIA510127NZPR dryness. The residue was triturated with hexanes. The hexanes layer was discarded. The crude residue was mixed with 0.95 g of wet 10% Pd-C in EtOH (100 mL), and was hydrogenated under a blanket of hydrogen at 45 psi hydrogen pressure in a Parr apparatus for 3 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The e was triturated with a mixture of acetone, EtOAc and hexanes. The solid was collected via ﬁltration, and was further ed by flash column chromatography on silica gel using a solvent mixture of IPA/H20 (85/15 ratio, v/v) as eluent to afford D-G|u(D—Trp—OCH2CF3)- OH (1.16 9). Yield = 44%; 1H NMR De +D20, 400MHz): 8 (ppm) 7.47 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.04 - 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.96 - 7.04 (m, 1H), 4.57 - 4.75 (m, 2H), 4.45 - 4.57 (m, 1H), 3.29 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 0.7H), 3.23 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 0.3H), 3.18 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 0.3H), 3.15 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 0.7H), 3.01 - 3.12 (m, 1H), 2.14 - 2.39 (m, 2H), 1.68 - 1.97 (m, 2H). MS-ESI (m/z): 416 [M+1]+.

The 1H NMR data indicates the presence of about 30% of D-Giu(L-Trp- OCH20F3)-OH Example 33 Preparation of H-D-Glu(D~Trp-OCH2CF3)-OCH2CF3 hydrochloride salt, Ap0868.HCl F3CVO o Hw\ HZN (R) o o/\Ci=3 A. Preparation of Boc-D-Giu (D-Trp-OCH2CF3)-OCH20F3 To an ice—water cooled solution of Boc-D-Glu(D-Trp-OH)-OH (6.0 g, 13.8 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was sively added N-hydroxysuccinimide (3.5 g, .5 mmol), EDC|.HCl (5.8 g, 30.5 mmol), 2.2.2-trifluoroethanol (6 mL, 83.1 mmol) and DIPEA (5.3 mL, 30.5 mmol). The resulting solution was then stirred at RT for overnight. The on mixture was quenched with water, and then extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was washed with a 10% citric acid solution and brine, and then dried over anhydrous Na2804, filtered and -73..

VIA510127N21’R 3031 340-16 concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was puriﬁed by flash column chromatography on silica gel using a mixture of EtOAc and Hexanes (1/1 ratio, v/v) as eluent to afford Boc-D-Glu (D-Trp-OCHZCF3)- OCHZCFa (6.1 9). Yield =74%); MS—ESI (m/z): 598 .

B. ation of H-D-Glu (D-Trp-OCH20F3)-OCH20F3 hydrochloride salt, Ap0868.HCl To an ice-water cooled solution of Boc—D~Glu (D-Trp-OCH20F3)-OCH2CF3 (6.0 g, 10.0 mmol) in EtOAc was bubbled HCI gas for 35 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness to give a crude product (5.4 g). A portion of the crude material (1.0 g) was puriﬁed by flash column chromatography on silica gel using a mixture of EtOAc and MeCN (gradient from 10/0 to 1/1 ratio, v/v) as eluent to afford H-D-Glu (D-Trp-OCHZCF3)-OCH2CF3 hydrochtoride salt (625 mg). 1H NMR (DMSO-De, 400MHz): 6 (ppm) 10.95 (s, 1H), 8.66»8.72 (m, 4H), 7.48 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.06 - 7.09 (m, 1H), 6.98 - 7.01 (m, 1H), 4.86 - 4.92 (m, 2H), 4.69 - 4.77 (m, 2H), 4.52-4.56 (m, 1H), 4.18- 4.20 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.41 (m, 2H), 1.97 —2.01 (m, 2H); MS-ESI (m/z): 498 .

Example 34 Preparation of (R)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl 5-((S)(1H-indolyl) (isopentyloxy)oxopropan-Z-ylamino)-2—aminooxopentanoate hydrochloride or u(L—Trp-O-isoamyl)-O- 2,3-dihydro-1H—inden yl.HC| or (Ap0928.HCl) O 0 \ HZN (S) HCI 0 o O/Vk A. Preparation of Boc-L-Trp-O-isoamyl VIASiUl27NZl’R 303134046 Boc—L-Trp—O-isoamyi was prepared from the reaction of Boc—L-Trp—OH (10.0 g, 32.8 mmol), 3—methyI—1-butanol (7.1 mL, 65.7 mmol) with HOBt (5.3 g, 39.4 mmol), DlPEA (7.4 mL, 42.7 mmol) and EDCI (8.2 g, 42.7 mmol) in DMF (100 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room ature for overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into a beaker of cold water (100 mL) with stirring, and the resulting suspension was stirred at 5°C (ice bath) for 20 min. Suction filtration afforded Boc-L-Trp-O-isoamyl as a white solid, which was air—dried for ght (10.8 9). Yield = 88 %;1H NMR (DMSO-de, 400 MHz) 5 ppm: 10.86 (br. s., 1H), 7.48 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J: 7.1 Hz,1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.12 - 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.93 - 4.09 (m, 2H), 3.05 - 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.95 - 3.05 (m, 1H), 1.48 - 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.31 — 1.41 (m, 11H), 0.82 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS-ESI (m/z) 375 [M+1]+.

B. ation of p-O-isoamyl hloride HCl gas was bubbled into a suspension of Boc-L-Trp-O-isoamyl (10.52 g, 28.1 mmol) in 150 ml EtOAc for 1.5 h. The suspension was stirred at 5 °C (ice-bath) for 20 min. The solid product was collected by suction filtration, and washed with EtOAc (3 x 15 mL) to afford H-L-Trp-O-isoamyl hydrochloride as white solid (7.83 g). Yield: 90 %;1H NMR (DMSO-de, 400MHz) 8 ppm: 11.13 (br. s., 1 H), 8.66 (br. s., 2 H), 7.52 (d. J= 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 (s, 1 H), 7.09 (t, J = 7.6 Hz,1_ H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.19 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.94 - 4.08 (m, 2 H), 3.33 (d, J: 5.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.20 - 3.29 (m, 1 H), 1.36 - 1.48 (m, 1 H), 1.23 - 1.33 (m, 2 H), 0.78 (d, J: 5.1 Hz, 6 H); MS-ESI (m/z) 275 [M+1]+ (free base).

C. Preparation of Glu(L-Trp-O—isoamyl)-O-bzl Boc~D-Glu(L-Trp-O—isoamyl)—O—bzl was prepared from the reaction of H-L-Trp—O- isoamyl hydrochloride (7.65 g, 24.6 mmol), Boc-D-GIu-O-bzl (8.3 g, 24.6 mmol), EDCI (5.67 g 29.5 mmoL), HOBt (3.5 g, 25.8 mmol) and DiPEA (8.6 mL, 49.2 mmol) in DMF (100 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into a beaker of cold water (250 mL) with stirring. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The VIA510127NZPR 303134046 combined organic layers was successively washed with a 10% citric acid solution (30 mL), a saturated NaHC03 (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), and was then dried over M9804. After solvent was removed in vacuo, Boc-D-Glu(L—Trp-O—isoamyl)— O-bzl was obtained as light yellowish oil (13.5 g). Yieid = 93 %; 1H NMR (DMSO- d6 ,400MHz) 8 ppm: 10.87 (br. s., 1 H), 8.30 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.27 - 7.40 (m, 7 H), 7.15 (br. s., 1 H), 7.07 (t, J: 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.91 - 7.03 (m, 1 H), 5.04 - 5.19 (m, 2 H), 4.48 (d, J: 6.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.97 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 3 H), 3.12 (dd, J: 14.1, 6.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.02 (dd, J: 14.1, 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 2.14-2.29 (m, 2 H), 1.93 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.67 — 1.83 (m, 1 H), 1.41 - 1.55 (m, 2 H), 1.28-1.38 (m, 10 H), 0.80 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 6 H); MS-ESI (m/z) 594 [M+1]+.

D Preparation of Boc—D—Glu(L—Trp-O-isoamyl)-OH A mixture of Glu(L-Trp-O-isoamy|)-O-benzyl (12.35 g, 20.8 mmol) and 1.5 g of 10% Pd on activated carbon (wet) in ethanol (250 ml) was shaken in a Parr tus under a hydrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 45 psi at room temperature for 2 h. The Pd catalyst was filtered through CeliteTM and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a pink oil, which was dried under vacuum to afford Boc-D—Glu(L-Trp-O-isoamyl)nOH (9.1 g) as a pink foamy solid.

Yield= 87%; 1H NMR ds ,400MHz) 5 ppm: 10.87 (s, 1 H), 8.30 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.34 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.15 (s, 1 H), 7.03 - 7.12 (m, 2 H), 6.93 ~ 7.03 (m, 1 H), 4.41 ~ 4.54 (m, 1 H), 3.98 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2 H), 3.82 - 3.92 (m, 1 H), 3.39 — 3.50 (m, 2 H), 3.07 - 3.18 (m, 1 H), 2.97 - 3.07 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.90 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.70 (dd, J = 13.6, 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 1.47 (dq, J= 13.3, 6.7 Hz, 1 H), 1.26 -1.41 (m, 9 H), 1.07 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 0.75 - 0.84 (m, 6 H); MS-ESl (m/z) 504 .

E. Preparation of Boc-D-Glu(L-Trp-O-isoamyi)-O-2,3-dihydro—1H-inden-S-yl -lndanol (0.43 g, 3.23 mmoi) was added to a solution of Boc-D-GIu(L-Trp-O— isoamyl)—OH (1.25 g, 2.48 mmol) in DMF (35 mL) followed by EDCl (0.62 g , 3.23 mmol), HOBt (0.40 g, 2.98 mmol) and DIPEA (0.62 mL, 3.48 mmol). The ing mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The reaction ~76— VIA510127NZPR 303134046 mixture was poured into a beaker of cold water (100 mL) with ng. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3). The combined organic layers was successively washed with a 10% citric acid solution (20 mL), a saturated NaHCOs solution (25 mL) and brine (40 mL). The organic fraction was dried over MgSO4. After t was removed in vacuo, the crude product was obtained as light ish oil. The oil was further puriﬁcation by flash chromatography on silica gel using a solvent mixture of EtOAc and Hexanes (1/1 ratio, v/v) as eluent to give Boc—D-Glu(L-Trp-O-isoamyl)-O~2,3—dihydro-1H-inden- ~yl as a light yellowish foamy solid (1.36 9). Yield: 91 %; 1H NMR (DMSO-de, 400MHz) 5 ppm: 10.87 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d, J: 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.21 - 7.27 (m, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.76 - 6.84 (m, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.43 - 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.07 - 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.98 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.13 (dd, J = 6.1, 14.2 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (dd, J = 8.1, 14.2 Hz, 1H), 2.80 - 2.90 (m, 4H), 2.24 — 2.34 (m, 2H), 1.98 - 2.10 (m, 3H), 1.82 - 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.46 (dd, J: 6.6, 13.6 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (s, 8H), 1.27 - 1.36 (m, 2H), 0.80 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS-ESI (m/z) 620 {M+1]+.

F. Preparation of H-D-GIu(L-Trp-O-isoamyl)-O-2,3-dihydro-1H~indenyl hydrochloride 8.HCI) HCI gas was bubbled into a solution of Boc-D-GIu(L-Trp-O~isoamyI)-O-2,3— dihydro-1H—indenyl (0.72 g, 1.16 mmoL) in 35 mL dichloromethane for 3.5 h.

The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the crude product was further purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using a solvent mixture of isopropyl alcohol and dichloromethane (1/1 ratio, v/v) as eluant to give the sticky foamy solid. The foamy solid was then dissolved in a 2M HCl EtQO solution, and d at room temperature for 15 min. After evaporation of volatiles in vacuo of H—D-Glu(L-Trp-O-isoamyl)—O-2,3—dihydro-1H—inden—5-yl hydrochloride (Ap0928.HCI) was obtained as a brown foamy solid (0.34 9). Yield: 52 %; 1H NMR ds, 400 MHz,) 5 ppm: 10.93 (s, 1H), 8.79 (br. s., 2H), 8.62 (d, J = 7.1 Hz,1H),7.48(d,J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J: 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, VIA5 10127NZI’R 30313-1046 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.02 - 7.10 (m, 2H), 6.92 — 7.01 (m, 2H), 4.50 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (br. s., 1H), 3.97 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.10 - 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.01 - 3.10 (m, 1H), 2.87 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.45 - 2.50 (m, 1H), 2.33 - 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.10 - 2.20 (m, 2H), 1.99 - 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.46 (dt, J: 6.6, 13.1 Hz, 1H), 1.26 - 1.36 (m, 2H), 0.80 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS—ESI (m/z) 520[M+1]+ (free base). e 35 A. Biotransformation studies of a compound of formula I in human hepatocytes General Procedure: LiverPoo|® cryopreserved human hepatocytes (pooled from 10 male donors) was obtained from Ceisis in Vitro Technologies. The hepatocytes were stored in liquid nitrogen until used. Just before the assay, the hepatocytes were quickly thawed at 37°C and centrifuged at 100 x g for 10 min. The media was removed and cells were re-suspended in PBS at a density of 4 x 106 celis/mL.

The compound of formula I (100 pM) was incubated with 0.1 x 105 hepatocytes in 50 pl. . After 10, 20, 60, 120 and 240 min of incubation, the reaction was quenched by adding an equal volume of 5 % (w/v) TCA. The “time 0” sample was generated by adding TCA before the test compound. After brief vortexing and 10- min incubation on ice, sampies were centrifuged 0 x g, 10 min) and the supernatants were analyzed by HPLC with UV detection.

HPLC analysis of pro-drugs in SGF, SIF, plasma and hepatocytes HPLC analysis was done using an Agiient 1100 series HPLC system consisting of a programmable channel pump, auto—injector, vacuum degasser and HP detector controlled by Agilent HPLCZ18 Chem Station Rev.A.09.03 re for data acquisition and analysis. A gradient method was used for the ination of all pro-drugs and their hydrolysis products including Ap0805 on an Agilent Eclipse XDB, C18 column (part # 963967-902, 150 X 4.6 mm, 3.5 pm) with the following chromatographic conditions: Temperature: Ambient -78— VIAS 10127NZPR 303134046 Mobile phase: A = Aqueous phase: 10 mM Tris-HCI, 2 mM EDTA, pH 7.4 B = Organic phase: Acetonitrile Gradient method: Time: 0 min 5%B, 25 min 50%B, 35 min 80%B, 45 min 5%B. 50 min 5%B.

Mobile phase flow rate: 1.0 mL/min injection volume: 50 pL Data acquisition time: 30 min Detection wavelength: 280 nm; 4 nm bandwidth, ref. 360 nm. 4 nm dth The tograms at A = 280 nm were analyzed. Peak area (mAU*s) was used for quantitation of pro-drugs, intermediates and epressin (Apo805).

B. Stability in human blood Blood was collected from healthy volunteers, both male and female, in Becton Dickinson ACD vacutainerTM ning ACD solution A (22.0 g/L trisodium citrate, 8.0 g/L citric acid, 24.5 g/L dextrose). Blood from the vacutainers was pooled in a 50 mi. Falcon TM tube, kept on ice, and used in the assay within 2 hours of collection. To determine rate of hydrolysis, each prodrug (100 uM) was incubated in pooled human blood at 37°C. immediately after test compound addition and after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hour incubation, blood aliquots (500 pL) were removed and fuged at 1500 x g, for 10 min at 4°C. An aliquot of plasma (150 uL) was transferred to an eppendorf tube and the plasma ns were precipitated by adding an equal volume of 5 % TCA (w/v). After 10-min incubation on ice, samples were centrifuged (16,000 x g, 10 min) and the supernatants were analyzed by HPLC.

The biotransformation data of a compound of formula l in human blood and human hepatocytes are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below: ~79_ VIA510127N21‘R 303134046 Table 1: In vitro bioconversion of H-D-Glu(Trp-O-T)-0H to Ap0805 in human hepatocytes and blood.

Compound Stereochemistry T Half-life for version to Ap0805* ID (*0 Human Human blood hepatocytes Apo835 _ethyl >2.o (11% in 2 h) >24 Ap0839 m CHZO-CO—tBu 0.4 Apo843 CH(Me)-O~CO—O- 0.2 Pr‘ mo: cyclohexyl N \1 O O) V.“B—s —-lil- A .p. _—lil-N) - (D .0" x: >6.0 (19% in 6 h) >24 Apo888 CH(Me)—O~CO-O- 1.1 _x 0'1 CH20H3 Ap0891 _ -OmCO-O—I'~ _\ 00 _CH2—CO-N(CH3)2 >60 (15% in 6 h) >24 Apo895 CH2-O-CO-C(Me)2— 0.7 [‘3 .—3.

CHZCHZCHa Selected compounds of formula I with the formula H-D-GIu(D-Trp-OR2)- OR1 show better he in its biotransformation in human hepatocytes and human blood to thymodepressin (Ap0805, H—D~G|u(D-Trp—OH)—OH than the monoethyl ester Ap0835 H-D-Glu(D-Trp-OEt)—OH, while the e amide Ap0893 is not readily converted to thymodepressin in human hepatocytes.

VIA510127NZPR 303134046 Table 2. In vitro bioconversion of H—Glu(Trp-OH)-O-G to Apo805 in human hepatocytes and blood. ife for bioconversion to Ap0805* (h) Human Human blood hepatocytes >2. 0 (21%In 2 h) >2. 0 (12%In 2 h) >3. 0 (25%In 3 h) *For s for which bioconversion halflife was not measured, valuesIn parentheses indicate t conversion to Apo805 within indicated time.

When compared to the monoalkyl ester derivatives H-D~G|u(D-Trp-OH)—O- R3 such as Ap0829, Ap0836, Ap0841 and Ap0846, the fluoroalkyl derivatives H- D-GIu(D-Trp-OH)-O~(CH2)nCF3 show a faster rate of biotransformation to Ap0805 in human hepatocytes.

Table 3. In vitro bioconversion of H-Glu(Trp-O-T)-O-G to Ap0805 in human hepatocytes and blood.

Compound Stereochemistry Bioconversion to Ap0805 ID after 4 h Human Human 4 CH(Me)-o-co -cyclohexyl —81— VIA510127NZPR 303134046 Example 36 Pharmacokinetic studies of a compound of formula I in rats General Procedure for Animal dosing Groups of ﬁve male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 to 300 g were utilized per dosing goup. One day prior to dosing, venous and al catheters (made of 20 cm long polyurethane coiled tubing, and filled with 100 units/mL heparinized saline) were implanted into the jugular vein and carotid artery of each rat. Rats were fasted overnight prior to oral dosing and fed approximately 2 hours post-dosing. All dosing and blood ng was performed on fully conscious rats.

Tested nds were administered either by oral gavage as solutions in water, or by intravenous injection (Apo805K‘l only) as solution in 0.9% sodium chloride, ﬁnal pH 7.0, at doses equivalent to 5 mg/kg (per Ap0805 content). Blood (0.3 mL) was sampled from each animal from the carotid artery for up to 30 hours post- dosing, each sampling followed by an equivalent blood replacement. The blood sample was immediately centrifuged (4300 x g for 5 minutes at 4°C), and frozen at -80°C until LC/MS/MS analysis.

General Procedure for LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma drug concentration Methanol (200 pL) was added to plasma samples (50 pL) to precipitate plasma proteins. After brief vortexing and centrifugation, the supernatant (200 uL) was removed and dried at 40°C under a stream if nitrogen. The sample was reconstituted in water (300 pi.) and 25 pL was ed for analysis.

A Sciex APi 365 LC/MS/MS spectrophotometer equipped with Ionics EP10+ and HSID, was used. A chiral column (Supelco-Astec CHIROBIOTICTM TAG), 100 x 2.1 mm, 5 pm was used at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1 % formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in itrile (B) in a ratio of 88:12(A:B; v/v) and the ﬂow rate was 0.6 mL/min. Positive ion electrospray tion (ESI+) in MRM mode was used for analysis. Samples were analysed for the concentration of Ap0805 (thymodepressin). -82..

V1A510l27NZl’R 303134046 PK analysis Non-compartmental analysis was med using WinNonIin 5.2 software, on individual animal data. ilability was calculated as a ratio of AUCINF_D after oral dosing of test compound to AUC[NF_D after N dosing of Ap0805K1.

Oral bioavailability of Apo839 and Ap0843 in rats Absolute oral bioavailability of pro-drugs Ap0839 and Ap0843 was ed to that of Apo805K1 (potassium salt of thymodepressin) in male e-Dawley rats. Adult animals, ﬁve per group, were dosed orally with 5 mg/kg Ap0805K1. Ap0839, or Ap0843 and intravenously with 5 mg/kg Ap0805K1. Fig 1 shows the plasma concentration of Ap0805 after oral dosing of Ap0839 or Ap0805K1. Fig 2 shows the plasma concentration of Ap0805 after oral dosing of Ap0843 or Ap0805K1. Ap0839 and Ap0843 show oral bioavailability and are transformed to thymodepressin (Ap0805) in rats.

Although various ments of the invention are sed herein, many adaptations and modiﬁcations may be made within the scope of the invention in accordance with the common general knowledge of those skilled in this art. Such modiﬁcations include the substitution of known equivalents for any aspect of the invention in order to achieve the same result in ntially the same way. c ranges are inclusive of the numbers defining the range.

Furthermore, numeric ranges are ed so that the range of values is recited in addition to the individual values within the recited range being speciﬁcally recited in the absence of the range. The word "comprising" is used herein as an open-ended term, substantially equivalent to the phrase "including, but not limited to", and the word "comprises" has a corresponding meaning. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a thing" includes more than one such thing. Citation of references herein is not an admission that -83— V1A510127NZPR 303134046 such references are prior art to the present invention. Furthermore, material appearing in the background section of the speciﬁcation is not an admission that such material is prior art to the invention. Any priority document(s) are incorporated herein by reference as if each individual priority document were ically and individually indicated to be incorporated by nce herein and as though fully set forth . The invention includes all embodiments and variations substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to the examples and drawings.

Vl/\510127N7.1‘R 303134046

Claims

What is claimed

1. A compound of Formula I: G O HN ‘0 Q (R) O O T HZN (i) or a ceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G is ed from the group consisting of: H, 2-morphoiinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, C1-C8 alkyl, benzyl and A5 - A10 aryi; T is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C8 alkyl, 2-morph0linoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, CHZCONR4R5, CHZCHQNRA'RE’, 03-06 cycloalkyl, benzyl, A5 — A10 aryl, R1 0 and R1 0 ; n is 1, 2, 3or4; R1 is H or 01-08 alkyl; R2 is C1-C8 alkyl, Cg—CB cycloaikyl, or phenyl; R3 is 01-08 alkyl, 03-06 cycloalkyl, or phenyl; and R4 and R5 are either separate groups or together form a singie group with the N to which they are bonded; when R4 and R5 are te groups, R4 and R5 are independentiy selected from the group consisting of: 01-06 alkyl; when R4 and R5 together with the N to which they are bonded form the single group, the single group is selected from the group consisting of: morphoiinyl, N-(C1-C4 alkyl)~piperazinyl and piperidinyl; provided that ifT is H, then G is 2—morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, 01-08 alkyl or benzyl; if T is R4R5, CHZCHZNR4R5, or 03-06 cycloaikyl, then G is H; and if T is 01-08 alkyl, then G is 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, or A5 — A10 aryl. ~85- VIASQOIZ7NZPR 303134046

2. The compound of ciaim 1 wherein if G is H, then T is selected from the group consisting of: 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, CHZCONR4R5, $01112 WOYO‘RS CHgCHgNR4R5, 03-06 cycloalkyl, R1

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein if G is H, then T is selected from the group consisting of: holinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, CHZCHZNR4R5, 03-06 ﬂog/R2 #OYQRS cycloalkyl, R1 and R1 0

4. The compound of claim 1 wherein if G is H, then T is selected from the group consisting of: 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, CH20H2NR4R5, WormR1 and R1 0

5. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein a chiral carbon of a phan moiety is in the iguration.

6. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the L~configuration.

7. The compound of claim 1 wherein a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the guration or L-configuration and wherein G is H and T is A5 to A10 aryl. Fir ro R2

8. The compound of claim 5 or 6 wherein T is R1 o _86- V1A510127NZI’R 303134046 eR11;00

9. The compound of claim 5 or 6 wherein T is

10. The compound of claim 5 or 6 n T is (CH2)nCF3.

11. The compound of claim 5 or 6 wherein T is 2-morpholinoethyl.

12. The compound of claim 5 or 6 wherein G is 2-morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, Perch/R?- or 01-08 alkyl; and T is 2~morpholinoethyl, (CH2)nCF3, A5 to A10 aryl, R1 O Wolf’s or R1 0

13. The compound of claim 5 or 6 wherein T is C1-Ca alkyl.

14. The compound of claim 13 wherein G is A5 to A10 aryl.

15. The compound of claim 14 wherein T is isoamyl, G is indanyl.

16. The nd of claim 5 or 6 wherein T is H.

17. The compound of claim 5 or 6 wherein G is H.

18. The nd of claim 5 wherein T is H and G is ethyl.

19. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is H and G is benzyl.

20. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is H and G is methyl.

21. The compound of claim 5 n T is H and G is isoamyi. VIA510127NZPR 303134046

22. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is H and G is isopropyl.

23. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is H, G is (CH2)nCF3 and n is 1.

24. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is H, G is (CH2)nCF3 and n is 2.

25. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is H and G is 2-morpholinoethyl. FTQTQW

26. The nd of claim 5 wherein T is R1 O R1 is methyl, R3 is cyclohexyl and G is H.

27. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is 2-morpholinoethyl and G is H.

28. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the D—configuration and n T is cyclohexyl and G is

29. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is (CH2),,CF3, n is 2 and G is H. FTQTQW

30. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is R1 0 R1 is methyl, R3 is ethyl and G is H.

31. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is R‘ 0 R1 is H, R2 , is pent-Z-yl and G is H. V1A510127NZPR 303134046 crowd‘s

32. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is R1 O R1 is methyl, R3 is isopropyl and G is H.

33. The compound of claim 1 or 2 wherein a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the D-configuration and wherein T is CH200NR4R5, R4 is CH3, R5 is CH3 and G is H.

34. The compound of claim 1 or 2 n a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the L-configuration and n T is CHZCON R4R5, R4 is CH3, R5 is CH3 and G is H. WOW/R2

35. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is R1 0 R1 , is H, R2 is 2-CHZCHZCH3 and G is H.

36. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 1 and G is H.

37. The compound of claim 6 wherein T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 1 and G is H.

38. The nd of claim 1 wherein a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the D—configuration and wherein T is indanyl and G is H.

39. The compound of claim 1 wherein a chiral carbon of a tryptophan moiety is in the D-configuration and wherein T is 2-methoxyphenyl and G is H. ﬁ/OYRZ

40. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is R1 0 R1 is H, R2 , is t-butyl and G is H. VIA510127NZPR 303134046 VJ‘YOYRZ

41. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is R1 0 R1 is H, R2 is phenyl and G is H.

42. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 2, G is (CH2)nCF3 and n is 2.

43. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is 2-morpholinoethyl and G is ethyl. dorms

44. The compound of claim 5 n T is R1 O R1 is methyl, R3 is ethyl and G is ethyl.

45. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is 2-morpholinoethyl and G is 2— morpholinoethyi.

46. The compound of claim 5 n T is benzyl and G is 2-morpholinoethyl.

47. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is indanyl and G is 2-morpholinoethyl.

48. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is holinoethyl, G is (CH2)nCF3 and n is 2.

49. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is 2—morpholinoethyl and G is isoamyl.

50. The compound of claim 5 wherein T is (CH2)nCF3, n is 1, G is (CH2)nCF3 andnisl. VII\5]0127NZPR 303134046

51. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 50 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

52. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 51 wherein the ation is adapted for inhalation.