NZ615005B2 - Combinations comprising macitentan for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme - Google Patents
Combinations comprising macitentan for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ615005B2 NZ615005B2 NZ615005A NZ61500512A NZ615005B2 NZ 615005 B2 NZ615005 B2 NZ 615005B2 NZ 615005 A NZ615005 A NZ 615005A NZ 61500512 A NZ61500512 A NZ 61500512A NZ 615005 B2 NZ615005 B2 NZ 615005B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- macitentan
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- group
- temozolomide
- treatment
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/337—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having four-membered rings, e.g. taxol
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- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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Abstract
Disclosed herein is the use of macitentan (N-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-[2-[(5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]ethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-N'-propylsulfamide) in combination with temozolomide or paclitaxel and/or with radiotherapy, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of malignant glioma, in particular glioblastoma multiforme. glioblastoma multiforme.
Description
COMBINATIONS COMPRISING MACITENTAN FOR THE TREATMENT OF
GLIOBLASTOMA MULIFORME
The present invention concerns the combination of macitentan, i.e. the compound of
formula I
S Br
N NH
O Br
with a chemotherapeutic agent such as temozolomide or paclitaxel, with radiotherapy or
with both a chemotherapeutic agent and radiotherapy, for therapeutic use, simultaneously,
separately or over a period of time, in the treatment of malignant glioma, in particular
glioblastoma multiforme.
Malignant glioma and glioblastoma multiforme constitute rare cancer forms for which
there are currently no satisfactory treatments. Even with the best available therapy, the
prognosis for the patients remains poor (see e.g. M. Khasraw and A.B. Lassman, Curr.
Oncol. Rep. (2010), 12, 26-33).
PCT publication WO 02/053557 describes endothelin receptor antagonists including the
compound of formula (I) (the International Nonproprietary Name of which is macitentan)
and the use of said endothelin receptor antagonists in the treatment of various diseases,
including cancer in general.
Besides, PCT publication discloses that the combination of macitentan
and paclitaxel has a synergistic effect in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Temozolomide (the active principle of a medicament sold under the trademarks Temodar
in the United States) is an oral alkylating agent. This compound is currently approved in
the European Union and the United States for, among others, the treatment of glioblastoma
multiforme.
The potential role of endothelins, in particular endothelin-1 (ET-1), in malignant glioma
and in glioblastoma multiforme is known from literature and endothelin receptor
antagonists in general have been mentioned as potential therapeutic agents for treating
glioblastoma multiforme.
For example, G. Egidy et al (Lab. Invest. (2000), 80, 1681-1689) teach that “[in] human
glioblastoma cell lines, the ET-1 system was not involved in tumor proliferation, but ET-1
was a survival factor (...)”.
Besides, M. Paolillo et al (Pharmacol. Res. (2010), 61, 306-315) teach that “in glioma cell
lines ETB antagonists reduce proliferation and induce apoptosis”. However the authors
then admit that “(f)uture studies (...) are required to confirm the reliability of ETB
antagonists as a promising pharmacological tool in glioma treatment”.
On the other hand, the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan has been studied in
patients having recurrent malignant glioma in phase I clinical studies, as reported by
Phuphanich et al (J Neurooncol. (2008). 10(4), 617-623). However the development of this
compound in this indication has not been continued to date.
The applicant has now found that macitentan, which is both an endothelin receptor A
(ET R) and an endothelin receptor B (ET R) antagonist, produces exceptionally high
effects in an in vivo model of glioblastoma when combined with a cytotoxic chemotherapy
agent such as temozolomide or paclitaxel. As a result, macitentan in combination with a
cytotoxic chemotherapy agent such as temozolomide or paclitaxel may be used for the
preparation of a medicament, and is suitable, for the treatment of malignant glioma, in
particular glioblastoma multiforme.
Summary of the Invention
In one aspect, the invention provides a use of macitentan, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of this compound, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of malignant
glioma, wherein the medicament is for administration in combination with a cytotoxic
therapy agent, with radiotherapy or with both a cytotoxic therapy agent and radiotherapy,
wherein said cytotoxic therapy agent is temozolomide or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof or paclitaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Various disclosures are presented hereafter:
1) Herein described is a product containing macitentan, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of this compound, for use in the treatment of malignant glioma in combination with a
cytotoxic chemotherapy agent, with radiotherapy or with both a cytotoxic therapy agent
and radiotherapy. The components of the combination may be administered
simultaneously, separately or over a period of time.
The following paragraphs provide definitions of the various terms used in the present
patent application and are intended to apply uniformly throughout the specification and
claims, unless an otherwise expressly set out definition provides a broader or narrower
definition.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to non-toxic, inorganic or organic acid
and/or base addition salts. Reference can be made to "Salt selection for basic drugs", Int. J.
Pharm. (1986), 33, 201-217.
The term “cytotoxic chemotherapy agent” as used herein refers to a substance inducing
apoptosis or necrotic cell death. Examples of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents which may be
used in combination with ERAs in accordance to the present invention include:
alkylating agents (for example mechlorethamine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide,
ifosfamide, streptozocin, carmustine, lomustine, melphalan, busulfan, dacarbazine,
temozolomide, thiotepa or altretamine);
platinum drugs (for example cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin);
antimetabolite drugs (for example 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, 6-mercaptopurine,
methotrexate, gemcitabine, cytarabine, fludarabine or pemetrexed);
anti-tumor antibiotics (for example daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin,
actinomycin-D, bleomycin, mitomycin-C or mitoxantrone); and
mitotic inhibitors (for example paclitaxel, docetaxel, ixabepilone, vinblastine,
vincristine, vinorelbine, vindesine or estramustine); and
topoisomerase inhibitors (for example etoposide, teniposide, topotecan, irinotecan,
diflomotecan or elomotecan).
“Simultaneously” or “simultaneous”, when referring to an administration type, means in
the present application that the administration type concerned consists in the administration
of two or more active ingredients by the same route and at the same time.
“Separately” or “separate”, when referring to an administration type, means in the present
application that the administration type concerned consists in the administration of two or
more active ingredients at approximately the same time by at least two different routes.
By administration “over a period of time” is meant in the present application the
administration of two or more active ingredients at different times, and in particular an
administration method according to which the entire administration of one of the active
ingredients is completed before the administration of the other or others begins. In this way
it is possible to administer one of the active ingredients for several months before
administering the other active ingredient or ingredients. In this case, no simultaneous
administration occurs. Administration “over a period of time” also encompasses situations
wherein the active ingredients are not given with the same periodicity (e.g. wherein one
active ingredient is given once a day and another is given once a week).
The term 'comprising' as used in this specification and claims means 'consisting at least in
part of'. When interpreting statements in this specification and claims which include the
term 'comprising', other features besides the features prefaced by this term in each
statement can also be present. Related terms such as 'comprise' and 'comprised' are to be
interpreted in similar manner.2) In particular, the malignant glioma of disclosure 1) will be
glioblastoma multiforme.
3) Preferably, the product of disclosure 1) or 2) will be combined with a cytotoxic therapy
agent or both a cytotoxic therapy agent and radiotherapy, said cytotoxic therapy agent
being selected from alkylating agents and mitotic inhibitors.
4) According to one variant of disclosure 3), the cytotoxic therapy agent will be an
alkylating agent (notably an alkylating agent selected from mechlorethamine,
chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, streptozocin, carmustine, lomustine,
melphalan, busulfan, dacarbazine, temozolomide, thiotepa, altretamine and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds).
) In particular, the alkylating agent of disclosure 4) will be temozolomide or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
6) According to another variant of disclosure 3), the cytotoxic therapy agent will be a
mitotic inhibitor (and notably a mitotic inhibitor selected from paclitaxel, docetaxel,
ixabepilone, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vindesine, estramustine and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds).
7) In particular, the mitotic inhibitor of disclosure 6) will be paclitaxel or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8) According to one variant of disclosures 1) to 7), macitentan or its pharmaceutically
acceptable salt will be intended to be administered by oral route.
9) According to another variant of disclosures 1) to 7), macitentan or its pharmaceutically
acceptable salt will be intended to be administered by intravenous or intraperitoneal route
(and notably by intravenous route).
) In one particular sub-disclosure, the product according to one of disclosures 1) to 9)
will be such that the cytotoxic therapy agent is intended to be administered by oral route.
11) In another particular sub-disclosure, the product according to one of disclosures 1) to
4) will be such that the cytotoxic therapy agent is intended to be administered by
intravenous or intraperitoneal route (and notably by intravenous route).
12) Also described is a pharmaceutical composition containing, as active principles,
macitentan, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this compound, in combination with a
cytotoxic therapy agent, as well as at least one non-toxic excipient, for use, optionally in
combination with radiotherapy, in the treatment of malignant glioma.
13) In particular, the pharmaceutical composition of disclosure 12) will be for use in the
treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
14) Preferably, the cytotoxic therapy agent of disclosure 12) or 13) will be selected from
alkylating agents and mitotic inhibitors.
15) According to one variant of disclosure 14), the cytotoxic therapy agent will be an
alkylating agent (notably an alkylating agent selected from mechlorethamine,
chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, streptozocin, carmustine, lomustine,
melphalan, busulfan, dacarbazine, temozolomide, thiotepa, altretamine and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds).
16) In particular, the alkylating agent of disclosure 15) will be temozolomide or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
17) According to another variant of disclosure 14), the cytotoxic therapy agent will be a
mitotic inhibitor (and notably a mitotic inhibitor selected from paclitaxel, docetaxel,
ixabepilone, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vindesine, estramustine and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds).
18) In particular, the mitotic inhibitor of disclosure 17) will be paclitaxel or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
19) In one preferred sub-disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition according to one of
disclosures 12) to 18) will be in a liquid form suitable for intravenous administration.
20) The pharmaceutical composition of disclosure 19) may for example contain macitentan
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this compound and temozolomide or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a water solution containing mannitol,
L-threonine, polysorbate 80, sodium citrate and hydrochloric acid (such water solution
being for example obtained by mixing commercial TEMODAR for injection with water
for injection and adding macitentan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).
21) The pharmaceutical composition of disclosure 19) may also contain macitentan or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this compound and temozolomide or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a water solution containing methylcellulose,
polysorbate 80, glucose, polyoxyethylated castor oil (e.g. Cremophor EL) and ethanol.
22) In another preferred sub-disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition according to one
of disclosures 12) to 18) will be in a solid form suitable for oral administration.
23) In an alternative disclosure, macitentan may be formulated as a tablet as described in
, whereas the cytotoxic therapy agent may be in one of its commercial
formulations (preferably an oral formulation if available), the combination being intended
for therapeutic use, simultaneously, separately or over a period of time, in the treatment of
malignant glioma, in particular glioblastoma multiforme.
The production of the pharmaceutical compositions can be effected in a manner which will
be familiar to any person skilled in the art (see for example Remington, The Science and
Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition (2005), Part 5, “Pharmaceutical Manufacturing”
[published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]) by bringing the described compounds or
their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, optionally in combination with other
therapeutically valuable substances, into a galenical administration form together with
suitable, non-toxic, inert, therapeutically compatible solid or liquid carrier materials and, if
desired, usual pharmaceutical adjuvants.
24) Also described is the use of macitentan, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this
compound, in combination with a cytotoxic therapy agent, for the manufacture of a
medicament intended to be used, optionally in combination with radiotherapy, in the
treatment of malignant glioma.
) In particular, the malignant glioma of disclosure 24) will be glioblastoma multiforme.
26) Preferably, the cytotoxic therapy agent of disclosure 24) or 25) will be selected from
alkylating agents and mitotic inhibitors.
27) According to one variant of disclosure 26), the cytotoxic therapy agent will be an
alkylating agent (notably an alkylating agent selected from mechlorethamine,
chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, streptozocin, carmustine, lomustine,
melphalan, busulfan, dacarbazine, temozolomide, thiotepa, altretamine and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds).
28) In particular, the alkylating agent of disclosure 27) will be temozolomide, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
29) According to another variant of disclosure 26), the cytotoxic therapy agent will be a
mitotic inhibitor (and notably a mitotic inhibitor selected from paclitaxel, docetaxel,
ixabepilone, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vindesine, estramustine and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds).
) In particular, the mitotic inhibitor of disclosure 29) will be paclitaxel or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
31) Also described is the use of macitentan, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this
compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a
medicament intended to be used in combination with radiotherapy with the treatment
malignant glioma.
32) In particular, the malignant glioma of disclosure 31) will be glioblastoma multiforme.
33) Also described is a method of treating a patient having malignant glioma by
administering to said patient a combination of macitentan or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of this compound, with a cytotoxic therapy agent, with radiotherapy, or with both a
cytotoxic therapy agent and radiotherapy.
34) In particular, the malignant glioma of disclosure 33) will be glioblastoma multiforme.
) Preferably, the cytotoxic therapy agent of disclosure 33) or 34) will be selected from
alkylating agents and mitotic inhibitors.
36) According to one variant of disclosure 35), the cytotoxic therapy agent will be an
alkylating agent (notably an alkylating agent selected from mechlorethamine,
chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, streptozocin, carmustine, lomustine,
melphalan, busulfan, dacarbazine, temozolomide, thiotepa, altretamine and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds).
37) In particular, the alkylating agent of disclosure 36) will be temozolomide, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
38) According to another variant of disclosure 35), the cytotoxic therapy agent will be a
mitotic inhibitor (and notably a mitotic inhibitor selected from paclitaxel, docetaxel,
ixabepilone, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vindesine, estramustine and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds).
39) In particular, the mitotic inhibitor of disclosure 38) will be paclitaxel or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Besides, preferences indicated for the product according to this invention of course apply
mutatis mutandis to the pharmaceutical compositions, uses and methods according to this
invention.
Though the exact administration doses of the active principle(s) of a product according to
this invention will have to be determined by the treating physician, it is expected that a
dose of 0.01 to 10 mg (and preferably 0.1 to 5 mg and more preferably 0.1 to 1 mg) of
macitentan per kg of patient body weight per day optionally combined with, for example, a
dose of 1 to 20 mg (and preferably 2 to 15 mg) of temozolomide per kg of patient body
weight per day, or a dose of 0.1 to 10 mg (and preferably 1 to 3 mg) of paclitaxel per kg of
patient body weight per day, will be appropriate.
In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external
documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a
context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise,
reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such
documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of
the common general knowledge in the art.
In the description in this specification reference may be made to subject matter that is not
within the scope of the claims of the current application. That subject matter should be
readily identifiable by a person skilled in the art and may assist in putting into practice the
invention as defined in the claims of this application.
Examples showing the usefulness of the invention are described in the following section,
which serves to illustrate the invention in more detail without limiting its scope in any way.
Pharmacological properties of the invention product
Examples 1 to 3: LN229 human glioblastoma cells stereotactically injected into nude
mice brain:
Materials
Vehicle for macitentan:
The vehicle for macitentan consisted in 0.5% methylcellulose and 0.05% Tween 80.
Tween 80 was added to the appropriate volume of sterile 0.5% methylcellulose solution
before each preparation of macitentan. Macitentan was weighed and homogenised with
vehicle for one hour at room temperature to obtain a fine and homogeneous suspension at
2 mg/ml. The working solutions of macitentan were prepared every week. Seven aliquots
were prepared for each day of treatment, stored at 4°C and protected from light. After each
use, remaining solution was not kept for another use and was destroyed.
Vehicle for temozolomide:
Temozolomide (100 mg) was prepared first in Cremophor EL/Ethanol (2:1 w/w). After
complete dilution, temozolomide was diluted in glucose 5% (Aguettant, France) to reach
the concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The working solutions of temozolomide was prepared
prior to each administration to mice and not kept for another use.
Administration routes
Administration route for macitentan:
Macitentan was administered by oral gavage via a canula at 5 ml/kg. The administration
volumes were adapted according to the most recent individual body weight of mice.
Administration route for temozolomide:
Temozolomide was administered by oral gavage via a canula at 10 ml/kg. The
administration volume was adapted according to the most recent individual body weight of
mice.
Animals
Forty-eight (48) female Swiss Nude mice were obtained from Charles River (France).
Animals were observed for 7 days in a specific-pathogen-free animal care unit before
treatment during the acclimatization period. Animal experiments were performed
according to the European ethical guidelines of animal experimentation.
General method used for stereotactic injections of human glioblastoma LN229 cells into
nude mice brain
Cultured human glioblastoma LN229 cells were harvested by a brief exposure to
++ ++
0.02%EDTA-0.25%Trypsin and re-suspended in Mg /Ca free Hank’s Balanced Salt
Solution (adjusted to 1x10 cells in 10μl). Nude mice were anesthetized by the
intraperitoneal injection of Nembutal (0.5 mg/g body weight, Abbott Laboratories, North
Chicago, IL) for stereotactic intrathecal injection of 1x10 LN229 cells/mouse. In brief, a
single incision was made from the anterior pole of the skull to the posterior ridge to expose
the scalp. A hole was drilled over the target area and LN229 cells were injected using the
following stereotactic coordinates, all relative to the bregma: 1.5 mm rostral, 1.5 mm
anterioa and 4 mm below the pial surface. An automated micro-pump (Stoelting
Instruments, Wood Dale, IL) was used to dispense 1x10 cells in 10 μl suspension over a
5 minute period. After the injection, the hole was plugged with bone wax and skin was
closed with skin staples.
Example 1: treatment with macitentan and temozolomide:
Two weeks after the stereotactic intrathecal injection of tumor cells (using the general
method described hereabove), the mice were randomized into 4 treatment groups:
- a group of 13 mice (“CONTROL group”) which received no treatment;
- a group of 12 mice (“TMZ group”) which received one oral administration of
temozolomide per day at 7.5 mg/kg for a week, then no treatment for two weeks, then
again one oral administration of temozolomide per day at 7.5 mg/kg for a week, then
again no treatment for two weeks, and so on;
- a group of 12 mice (“MCTNT group”) which received one oral administration of
macitentan at 10 mg/kg every day; and
- a group of 13 mice (“TMZ + MCTNT group”) which received both temozolomide and
macitentan according to the same doses, administration routes and schedules as for the
two previous groups.
The mice were monitored daily and euthanized when they developed neurologic symptoms
or became moribund. Days of survival were recorded and brain tissues were harvested and
processed for histologic examinations. The experiment was terminated on day 100.
Results:
The respective survival results obtained for the four groups of mice are shown in Figure 1.
As can be noticed, after 100 days, the survival rate of the CONTROL group was below
% and the survival of either the TMZ group or the MCTNT group was about 40%; in
contrast, the survival of the TMZ + MCTNT group was 100%. Besides, all mice treated
with macitentan plus temozolomide were alive at day 100 with no evidence of tumor in the
brain.
Example 2: treatment with macitentan and paclitaxel:
Experimental methods:
Two weeks after the stereotactic intrathecal injection of tumor cells (using the general
method described hereabove), the mice were randomized into 4 treatment groups:
- a group of 8 mice (“CONTROL group”) which received no treatment;
- a group of 8 mice (“PTL group”) which received one intraperitoneal administration of
paclitaxel per week at 8.5 mg/kg;
- a group of 8 mice (“MCTNT group”) which received one oral administration of
macitentan at 10 mg/kg every day; and
- a group of 8 mice (“PTL + MCTNT group”) which received both paclitaxel and
macitentan according to the same doses, administration routes and schedules as for the
two previous groups.
The treatment was continued for 70 days, after which the experiment was terminated.
Moribund mice were euthanized.
Results:
The respective survival results obtained for the four groups of mice are shown in Figure 2.
As can be noticed, after 70 days, in the CONTROL group, the PTL group or the MCTNT
group about 60% of the animals were still alive; in contrast, at the time of termination, the
survival rate of the PTL + MCTNT group was 100% without any signs of disease.
Example 3: comparison of treatments involving endothelin receptor antagonists in
combination with temozolomide:
Experimental methods:
21 days after the stereotactic intrathecal injection of luciferase labeled LN229 glioblastoma
cells (using the general method described here above) (day 0), the mice were randomized
into 7 treatment groups:
- a group of 10 mice (“Control group”) which received no treatment;
- a group of 10 mice (“TMZ group”) which received one oral administration of
temozolomide per day at 7.5 mg/kg for a week, then no treatment for two weeks, then
again one oral administration of temozolomide per day at 7.5 mg/kg for a week, then
again no treatment for two weeks, and so on;
- a group of 10 mice (“Macitentan + TMZ group”) which received, on the one hand, one
oral administration of macitentan at 10 mg/kg every day and, on the other hand,
temozolomide according to the same dose, administration route and schedule as for the
TMZ group;
- a group of 10 mice (“Atrasentan group”) which received intraperitoneal administration
of atrasentan at 10 mg/kg every day;
- a group of 10 mice (“Atrasentan + TMZ group”) which received both atrasentan and
temozolomide according to the same doses, administration routes and schedules as for
the Atrasentan group and the TMZ group respectively;
- a group of 10 mice (“Zibotentan group”) which received oral administration of
zibotentan at 20 mg/kg every day; and
- a group of 10 mice (“Zibotentan + TMZ group”) which received both zibotentan and
temozolomide according to the same doses, administration routes and schedules as for
the Zibotentan group and the TMZ group respectively.
The treatment was continued for 120 days, after which the experiment was terminated.
Moribund mice were euthanized.
Results:
The respective survival results obtained for the seven groups of mice are shown in
Figure 3. As can be noticed all mice from the Control group, the Atrasentan group or the
Zibotentan group became moribund during the first 50-80 days of the study and had to be
euthanized. Animals of the TMZ group, the Atrasentan + TMZ group or the Zibotentan +
TMZ group survived longer but at termination of the study all animals were moribund and
had to be euthanized; in contrast, at termination of the study at 120 days after tumor cell
injection, all mice of the Macitentan + TMZ group were alive without any signs of disease.
IVIS Bioluminescence imaging, after treating animals with luciferine, confirmed the
minimal residual disease in animals treated with the macitentan + TMZ combination.
Immunohistochemistry of tumors from Examples 1 and 2 using antibodies directed against
phosphorylated AKT and MAPK demonstrated strong reduction of both proteins in
animals treated with macitentan. The reduction of these proteins which indicate highly
active survival and proliferation pathways is much less prominent in tumors of animals
treated with atrasentan or zibotentan (this example). Suppression of survival and
proliferation pathways sensitizes cells to chemotherapy and could be the reason for the
high effectiveness of macitentan in combination with chemotherapy.
Claims (7)
1. Use of macitentan, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this compound, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of malignant glioma, wherein the medicament is for administration in combination with a cytotoxic therapy agent, with 5 radiotherapy or with both a cytotoxic therapy agent and radiotherapy, wherein said cytotoxic therapy agent is temozolomide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or paclitaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the malignant glioma are glioblastoma multiforme.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cytotoxic therapy agent is temozolomide or a 10 pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cytotoxic therapy agent is paclitaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
5. Use according to claim 1 to 4, wherein the medicament is for administration by oral route. 15
6. Use according to claim 1 to 4, wherein the medicament is for administration by intravenous or intraperitoneal route.
7. A use of claim 1, substantially has herein described with reference to any example thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IB2011050494 | 2011-02-04 | ||
PCT/IB2012/050513 WO2012104822A1 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2012-02-03 | Combinations comprising macitentan for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ615005A NZ615005A (en) | 2015-10-30 |
NZ615005B2 true NZ615005B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 |
Family
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