NZ614264B - Sweet Corn Hybrid QHY6RH1077 and Parents Thereof - Google Patents
Sweet Corn Hybrid QHY6RH1077 and Parents ThereofInfo
- Publication number
- NZ614264B NZ614264B NZ614264A NZ61426413A NZ614264B NZ 614264 B NZ614264 B NZ 614264B NZ 614264 A NZ614264 A NZ 614264A NZ 61426413 A NZ61426413 A NZ 61426413A NZ 614264 B NZ614264 B NZ 614264B
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- corn
- hybrid
- seed
- qhy6rh1077
- Prior art date
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Abstract
614264 Disclosed is a corn plant or seed comprising at least a first set of the chromosomes of corn line SYY-6R07003, a sample of seed of said line having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-12896. Further disclosed is a method of producing a plant comprising an added trait, the method comprising introducing a transgene conferring the trait into a plant of hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003, a sample of seed of said hybrid and line having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-12950, and ATCC Accession Number PTA-12896, respectively. comprising introducing a transgene conferring the trait into a plant of hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003, a sample of seed of said hybrid and line having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-12950, and ATCC Accession Number PTA-12896, respectively.
Description
Application for Letters Patent
APPLICANT: Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Inc.
Invention Title: SWEET CORN HYBRID QHY6RH1077 and Parents Thereof
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of plant breeding and, more specifically,
to the development of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 and the inbred sweet corn lines
SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The goal of vegetable breeding is to combine various desirable traits in a single
variety/hybrid. Such desirable traits may include any trait deemed beneficial by a grower and/or
consumer, including greater yield, better stalks, better roots, resistance to insecticides,
herbicides, pests, and disease, tolerance to heat and drought, reduced time to crop maturity,
better agronomic quality, higher nutritional value, sugar content, uniformity in germination
times, stand establishment, growth rate and maturity, among others.
Breeding techniques take advantage of a plant’s method of pollination. There are
two general methods of pollination: a plant self-pollinates if pollen from one flower is transferred
to the same or another flower of the same plant or plant variety. A plant cross-pollinates if
pollen comes to it from a flower of a different plant variety.
Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type over many generations
become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding
progeny, a homozygous plant. A cross between two such homozygous plants of different
genotypes produces a uniform population of hybrid plants that are heterozygous for many gene
loci. Conversely, a cross of two plants each heterozygous at a number of loci produces a
population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and are not uniform. The resulting non-
uniformity makes performance unpredictable.
The development of uniform varieties requires the development of homozygous
inbred plants, the crossing of these inbred plants, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree
breeding and recurrent selection are examples of breeding methods that have been used to
develop inbred plants from breeding populations. Those breeding methods combine the genetic
backgrounds from two or more plants or various other broad-based sources into breeding pools
from which new lines and hybrids derived therefrom are developed by selfing and selection of
desired phenotypes. The new lines and hybrids are evaluated to determine which of those have
commercial potential.
14988601\V-1
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the present invention provides a plant of the sweet corn hybrid
designated QHY6RH1077, the sweet corn line SHY817-469 or sweet corn line SYY-6R07003.
Also provided are corn plants having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of
such a plant. Parts of these corn plants are also provided, for example, including pollen, an
ovule, and a cell of the plant.
In another aspect of the invention, a plant of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077
and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 comprising an added heritable trait is
provided. The heritable trait may comprise a genetic locus that is, for example, a dominant or
recessive allele. In one embodiment of the invention, a plant of sweet corn hybrid
QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 is defined as
comprising a single locus conversion. In specific embodiments of the invention, an added
genetic locus confers one or more traits such as, for example, male sterility, herbicide resistance,
insect resistance, resistance to bacterial, fungal, sugar content, nematode or viral disease, and
altered fatty acid, phytate or carbohydrate metabolism. In further embodiments, the trait may be
conferred by a naturally occurring gene introduced into the genome of a line by backcrossing, a
natural or induced mutation, or a transgene introduced through genetic transformation techniques
into the plant or a progenitor of any previous generation thereof. When introduced through
transformation, a genetic locus may comprise one or more genes integrated at a single
chromosomal location.
The invention also concerns the seed of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or
sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003. The corn seed of the invention may be
provided, in one embodiment of the invention, as an essentially homogeneous population of corn
seed of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-
6R07003. Essentially homogeneous populations of seed are generally free from substantial
numbers of other seed. Therefore, seed of hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines
SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 may, in particular embodiments of the invention, be provided
forming at least about 97% of the total seed, including at least about 98%, 99% or more of the
seed. The seed population may be separately grown to provide an essentially homogeneous
population of sweet corn plants designated QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469
and SYY-6R07003.
14988601\V-1
In yet another aspect of the invention, a tissue culture of regenerable cells of a
sweet corn plant of hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-
6R07003 is provided. The tissue culture will preferably be capable of regenerating corn plants
capable of expressing all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the starting
plant, and of regenerating plants having substantially the same genotype as the starting plant.
Examples of some of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the hybrid
QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 include those traits set
forth in the tables herein. The regenerable cells in such tissue cultures may be derived, for
example, from embryos, meristematic cells, immature tassels, microspores, pollen, leaves,
anthers, roots, root tips, silk, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, husks, or stalks, or from callus or
protoplasts derived from those tissues. Still further, the present invention provides corn plants
regenerated from a tissue culture of the invention, the plants having all the physiological and
morphological characteristics of hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and
SYY-6R07003.
In still yet another aspect of the invention, processes are provided for producing
corn seeds, plants and parts thereof, which processes generally comprise crossing a first parent
corn plant with a second parent corn plant, wherein at least one of the first or second parent corn
plants is a plant of sweet corn line SHY817-469 or sweet corn line SYY-6R07003. These
processes may be further exemplified as processes for preparing hybrid corn seed or plants,
wherein a first corn plant is crossed with a second corn plant of a different, distinct genotype to
provide a hybrid that has, as one of its parents, a plant of sweet corn line SHY817-469 or sweet
corn line SYY-6R07003. In these processes, crossing will result in the production of seed. The
seed production occurs regardless of whether the seed is collected or not.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first step in “crossing” comprises
planting seeds of a first and second parent corn plant, often in proximity so that pollination will
occur for example, naturally or manually. Where the plant is self-pollinated, pollination may
occur without the need for direct human intervention other than plant cultivation. For hybrid
crosses, it may be beneficial to detassel or otherwise emasculate the parent used as a female.
A second step may comprise cultivating or growing the seeds of first and second
parent corn plants into mature plants. A third step may comprise preventing self-pollination of
the plants, such as by detasseling or other means.
14988601\V-1
A fourth step for a hybrid cross may comprise cross-pollination between the first
and second parent corn plants. Yet another step comprises harvesting the seeds from at least one
of the parent corn plants. The harvested seed can be grown to produce a corn plant or hybrid
corn plant.
The present invention also provides the corn seeds and plants produced by a
process that comprises crossing a first parent corn plant with a second parent corn plant, wherein
at least one of the first or second parent corn plants is a plant of sweet corn hybrid
QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003. In one embodiment of
the invention, corn seed and plants produced by the process are first generation (F ) hybrid corn
seed and plants produced by crossing a plant in accordance with the invention with another,
distinct plant. The present invention further contemplates plant parts of such an F hybrid corn
plant, and methods of use thereof. Therefore, certain exemplary embodiments of the invention
provide an F hybrid corn plant and seed thereof.
In still yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a
plant derived from hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-
6R07003, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a progeny plant derived from hybrid
QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003, wherein said preparing
comprises crossing a plant of the hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469
and SYY-6R07003 with a second plant; and (b) crossing the progeny plant with itself or a
second plant to produce a seed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generation. In further
embodiments, the method may additionally comprise: (c) growing a progeny plant of a
subsequent generation from said seed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generation and crossing
the progeny plant of a subsequent generation with itself or a second plant; and repeating the steps
for an additional 3-10 generations to produce a plant derived from hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or
sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003. The plant derived from hybrid
QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 may be an inbred line,
and the aforementioned repeated crossing steps may be defined as comprising sufficient
inbreeding to produce the inbred line. In the method, it may be desirable to select particular
plants resulting from step (c) for continued crossing according to steps (b) and (c). By selecting
plants having one or more desirable traits, a plant derived from hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or
14988601\V-1
sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 is obtained which possesses some of the
desirable traits of the line/hybrid as well as potentially other selected traits.
In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of producing
food or feed comprising: (a) obtaining a plant of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet
corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003, wherein the plant has been cultivated to maturity,
and (b) collecting at least one corn from the plant.
In still yet another aspect of the invention, the genetic complement of sweet corn
hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 is provided. The
phrase “genetic complement” is used to refer to the aggregate of nucleotide sequences, the
expression of which sequences defines the phenotype of, in the present case, a sweet corn plant,
or a cell or tissue of that plant. A genetic complement thus represents the genetic makeup of a
cell, tissue or plant, and a hybrid genetic complement represents the genetic make up of a hybrid
cell, tissue or plant. The invention thus provides corn plant cells that have a genetic complement
in accordance with the corn plant cells disclosed herein, and seeds and plants containing such
cells.
Plant genetic complements may be assessed by genetic marker profiles, and by
the expression of phenotypic traits that are characteristic of the expression of the genetic
complement, e.g., isozyme typing profiles. It is understood that hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or
sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 could be identified by any of the many well
known techniques such as, for example, Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms (SSLPs)
(Williams et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 1 8:6531-6535, 1990), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic
DNAs (RAPDs), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified
Regions (SCARs), Arbitrary Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), Amplified
Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) (EP 534 858, specifically incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety), and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (Wang et al., Science,
280:1077-1082, 1998).
In still yet another aspect, the present invention provides hybrid genetic
complements, as represented by corn plant cells, tissues, plants, and seeds, formed by the
combination of a haploid genetic complement of a corn plant of the invention with a haploid
genetic complement of a second corn plant, preferably, another, distinct corn plant. In another
14988601\V-1
aspect, the present invention provides a corn plant regenerated from a tissue culture that
comprises a hybrid genetic complement of this invention.
In still yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of determining the
genotype of a plant of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469
and SYY-6R07003 comprising detecting in the genome of the plant at least a first
polymorphism. The method may, in certain embodiments, comprise detecting a plurality of
polymorphisms in the genome of the plant. The method may further comprise storing the results
of the step of detecting the plurality of polymorphisms on a computer readable medium. The
invention further provides a computer readable medium produced by such a method.
Any embodiment discussed herein with respect to one aspect of the invention
applies to other aspects of the invention as well, unless specifically noted.
The term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes the standard deviation
of the mean for the device or method being employed to determine the value. The use of the
term “or” in the claims is used to mean “and/or” unless explicitly indicated to refer to
alternatives only or the alternatives are mutually exclusive. When used in conjunction with the
word “comprising” or other open language in the claims, the words “a” and “an” denote “one or
more,” unless specifically noted otherwise. The terms “comprise,” “have” and “include” are
open-ended linking verbs. Any forms or tenses of one or more of these verbs, such as
“comprises,” “comprising,” “has,” “having,” “includes” and “including,” are also open-ended.
For example, any method that “comprises,” “has” or “includes” one or more steps is not limited
to possessing only those one or more steps and also covers other unlisted steps. Similarly, any
plant that “comprises,” “has” or “includes” one or more traits is not limited to possessing only
those one or more traits and covers other unlisted traits.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the
detailed description and any specific examples provided, while indicating specific embodiments
of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications
within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from
this detailed description.
14988601\V-1
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides methods and compositions relating to plants, seeds and
derivatives of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077, sweet corn line SHY817-469 and sweet corn
line SYY-6R07003. The hybrid QHY6RH1077 was produced by the cross of parent lines
SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003. The parent lines show uniformity and stability within the
limits of environmental influence. By crossing the parent lines, uniform seed hybrid
QHY6RH1077 can be obtained.
Hybrid QHY6RH1077 is a yellow supersweet sweet corn hybrid with 8-8.5 x 1.9
inch ears and 16-20 kernel rows. The hybrid has one parent, which was homozygous for both
the recessive sh2 and su1 alleles so that about 75% of the kernels on an ear are just homozygous
recessive sh2 and about 25% are homozygous for both recessive sh2 and recessive su1. These
double mutant kernels provide added sweetness for the hybrid. Hybrid QHY6RH1077 carries
both the RpG and Rp1D alleles, which provide resistance to some races of Puccinia sorghi
(common rust).
Inbred line SYY-6R07003 is a yellow sweet corn homozygous for the recessive
genes sh2, su1 and se. It also has the RpG gene, which provides resistance to some races of
Puccinia sorghi (common rust). The line also carries the Ht1 gene, which provides some
resistance to some races of Exserohilum turcicum. SYY-6R07003 resembles inbred line
SYY093-678 and inbred line SYY-6R07001.
The development of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 and its parent lines is
summarized below.
A. Origin and Breeding History of Sweet Corn Hybrid QHY6RH1077
. The hybrid QHY6RH1077 was produced by the cross of parent lines SHY817-
469 and SYY-6R07003.
SYY-6R07003 is a yellow sweet corn inbred homozygous for the su1, sh2, and se
genes. The inbred was selected for good eating quality and the RpG allele, which provides
resistance to some races of Puccinia sorghi (common rust).
Winter Year 1-2: The inbred line CODE6- 5 (a proprietary Seminis inbred) was
grown in a Hawaii nursery on Molokai and was crossed onto a stock carrying the
RpG allele. This stock was obtained from Dr. Jerald Pataky of the University of
Illinois. It was coded Seminis accession B142 and was an R168 field corn inbred
14988601\V-1
converted to carry the RpG allele. This allele was reported by Dr. Art Hooker to
have come from PI 163558. CODE6- 5 was grown in Hawaii nursery row 9790 and
B142 was grown in nursery row 9764. The nursery was grown by Hawaiian
Research Ltd. under a contract with Seminis. An ear harvested of this F1 cross was
give a source of H00: 9790 X 9764/2.
Summer Year 2: Seeds of the F1 with source H00: 9790 X 9764/2 were planted in
the Seminis DeForest, WI nursery row 4188 and were crossed with inbred line
CODE6- 5 (a proprietary Seminis inbred) grown in row 4187. This made a BC1
generation. An ear harvested of this BC1 cross was given the source of N00: 4188 X
4187/1.
Winter Year 2-3: Seeds of the BC1 with source N00: 4188 X 4187/1 were planted
in the Seminis Melipilla, Chile nursery row 7584 and were crossed with inbred line
CODE6- 5 (a proprietary Seminis inbred) grown in row 7583. This made a BC2
generation. An ear harvested of this BC1 cross was given the source of E01: 7584 X
7583/1.
Winter Year 3-4: Seeds of the BC2 with source E01: 7584 X 7583/1 were planted
in Homestead, Florida nursery row 513 and was cross pollinated by SYY093-678 (a
proprietary Seminis inbred) in nursery row 512 to make an F1 . The nursery was
grown for Seminis by 27 Farms who were paid for their services. One of the ears of
the F1 cross was given a source of C02: 513 X 512/2.
Summer Year 4: Seeds of the F1 with source C02: 513 x 512/2 were planted in
Seminis DeForest, WI nursery row 5219 and cross pollinated by SYY093-678 (a
proprietary Seminis inbred) in nursery row 5218 to make a BC1. One of the ears of
the BC1 cross was give a source of N02: 5219 X 5218/1.
Winter Year 4-5: Seeds of the BC1 with source N02: 5219 X 5218/1 were planted
in the Seminis Melipilla, Chile nursery row 8956 and cross pollinated by SYY093-
678 (a proprietary Seminis inbred) grown in nursery row 8955 to make a BC2. One
of the ears of the BC2 cross was give the source of E03: 8956 x 8955/2.
Summer Year 5: Seeds of the BC2 with source E03: 8956 x 8955/2 were planted in
the Seminis DeForest, WI nursery row 5863. Plants were inoculated with Puccinia
sorghi and some of the resistant plants were cross pollinated by SYY093-678 (a
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proprietary Seminis inbred) grown in nursery row 5858 to make a BC3. One of the
ears of the BC3 cross was give the source of N03: 5863 X 5858/1.
Winter Year 5-6: Seeds of the BC3 with source N03: 5863 X 5858/1 were planted in
the Seminis Melipilla, Chile nursery row 5018 and self pollinated to make a BC3F2.
One of the harvested BC3F2 ears was given the source of E04: 5018/1. and the name
designation of N2785. Some other ears also received the N2785 name designation as
F1’s from the same pedigree.
Summer Year 6: Seeds of the BC3F2 with source E04: 5018/1* were planted in the
Seminis DeForest, WI nursery row 4037. Plants were inoculated with Puccinia
sorghi and some of the common rust resistant plants were self pollinated to make the
BC3F3 generation. N04: 4037/1. was the source designation given to one of the
selfed ears following harvest.
Winter Year 7: Seeds of the BC3F3 with source N04: 4037/1. were planted in the
Seminis Melipilla, Chile nursery row 8524 and self pollinated to make a BC3F4.
E05: 8524/3. was the source given to one of the BC3F4 ears.
Summer Year 7: Seeds of the BC3F4 from source E05: 8524/3. were planted in the
Seminis DeForest, WI nursery row 5890. Plants were inoculated with Puccinia
sorghi and some of the common rust resistant plants were self pollinated to make the
BC3F5 generation. N05: 5890/1. was the source designation given to one of the
selfed ears following harvest. This ear selection was coded to the linecode name CC-
N2785NV10.
Winter Year 7-8: Seeds of CC-N2785NV10 were planted in the Seminis Melipilla,
Chile nursery row 4349 and plants in these rows were self pollinated to make the
BC3F6 generation. These harvested ears were later given the linecode designation
SYY-6R07003. Plants in this row were observed to be uniform for the traits
observed. One self pollinated ear was saved as a single ear and given 05 10 6R 6R
MSME-E1_00001_00029_1_. as a source designation. The remaining self
pollinated ears from row 4349 were bulked and given 05 10 6R 6R MSME-
E1_00001_00029_@_. as a source designation. These two sources were given the
linecode designation SYY-6R07003.
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Summer Year 8: Seeds of SYY-6R07003 from source 05 10 6R 6R MSME-
E1_00001_00029_@_. Were planted in the Seminis DeForest, WI nursery row 4025.
Plants were inoculated with Puccinia sorghi and some of the common rust resistant
plants were self pollinated to make the BC3F7 generation. Two ears were saved as
single ears and the remaining ears were saved as a bulk. 06 04 6R 6R WIDE-
IB4_00025_00014_1_. and 06 04 6R 6R WIDE-IB4_00025_00014_2_. and 06 04 6R
6R WIDE-IB4_00025_00014_@_. were the source designations given to the 2 single
ears and the bulk.
Summer Year 9: Seeds of SYY-6R07003 from source 06 04 6R 6R WIDE-
IB4_00025_00014_1_. Were planted in the Seminis Nampa, Idaho nursery rows
9021-9026. All plants were self pollinated to make the BC3F8 generation and all
harvested ears from those 6 rows were bulked and the bulk pack was given 07 04 6R
6S IDNA-R400_00041_00040_@_. as a source designation.
Winter Year 10: Forty seeds of SYY-6R07003 from source 06 04 6R 6R WIDE-
IB4_00025_00014_1_. were grown in greenhouse experiment 08EXP-01 and
inoculated with an Rp1d-virulent race of Puccinia sorghi. All plants showed a
typical Rp hypersensitive reaction - 27 resistant plants : 0 susceptible plants. This
test was done to verify that the bulk from summer 2007 was homozygous for the
RpG allele.
Winter Year 9-10: Seed of SYY-6R07003 from source 07 04 6R 6S IDNA-
R400_00041_00040_@_. was sent to FS as Breeder’s Seed. An FS increase was
done at the Seminis Melipilla, Chile station and harvested as source FSCC1267-08.
Corn inbred SYY-6R07003 was given that name at the BC3F6 generation.
Inbred SYY-6R07003 was uniform for all traits observed in that generation other than the RpG
allele. A single ear from the BC3F7 generation was tested in the greenhouse for reaction to a d-
virulent isolate of Puccinia sorghi with 27 plants resistant and no susceptible thus verifying the
RpG allele was now fixed. An increase from that ear was used as the breeder’s seed stock for
the line and turned over to Foundation Seed. SYY-6R07003 shows no variants other than what
would normally be expected due to environment or that would occur for almost any character
during the course of repeated sexual reproduction.
14988601\V-1
B. Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Sweet Corn Hybrid
QHY6RH1077, Sweet Corn Line SHY817-469 and Sweet Corn Line SYY-6R07003
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plant
having the physiological and morphological characteristics of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077
and the parent lines thereof. A description of the physiological and morphological characteristics
of such plants is presented in Tables 1-2.
Table 1: Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Hybrid QHY6RH1077
Characteristic QHY6RH1077 Comparison Variety -
WH92047
1. Type sweet sweet
2. Region where developed in the midwest midwest
U.S.A.
3. Maturity in the Region of Best
Adaptability
from emergence to 50% of days: 67 days: 86
plants in silk heat units: 972.15 heat units: 1218.85
from emergence to 50% of days: 66 days: 85
plants in pollen heat units: 961.48 heat units: 1197.5
from 10% to 90% pollen shed days: 3 days: 3
heat units: 65.08 heat units: 58
from 50% silk to optimum days: 16 days: 19
edible quality heat units: 320.08 heat units: 396.8
from 50% silk to harvest at days: 68 days: 58
% moisture heat units: 1366.33 heat units: 1205.9
4. Plant
plant height (to tassel tip) 111.83 cm 91.1 cm
standard deviation: standard deviation
.8534 7.4347
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
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Characteristic QHY6RH1077 Comparison Variety -
WH92047
ear height (to base of top ear 20.55 cm 27.95 cm
node) standard deviation: standard deviation
1.9693 2.6191
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
length of top ear internode 13.71 cm 12.1 cm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.0989 1.1319
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
average number of tillers 2.5 avg 1.7 avg
standard deviation: standard deviation
0.6962 0.6962
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
average number of ears per 2.5 avg 3.3 avg
stalk standard deviation: standard deviation:
0.4048 0.5786
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
anthocyanin of brace roots absent absent
length (tassel included) long [Cecilia]
(hybrids and open pollinated
varieties only)
ratio height of insertion of small [F259] medium
upper ear to plant length
. Leaf
width of ear node leaf in 8.12 cm 7.57 cm
centimeters standard deviation: standard deviation:
0.6941 0.5575
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
length of ear node leaf in 74.82 cm 70.6 cm
centimeters standard deviation: standard deviation:
3.2714 3.2304
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
14988601\V-1
Characteristic QHY6RH1077 Comparison Variety -
WH92047
number of leaves above top 5.83 7.5
ear standard deviation: standard deviation:
0.6652 1.1313
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
first leaf: anthocyanin absent or very weak absent or very weak
coloration of sheath
first leaf: shape of tip pointed [W117] pointed
angle between blade and stem small very small
(on leaf just above upper ear)
angle between blade and stem strongly recurved straight
(on leaf just above upper ear) [CM7]
degrees leaf angle (measure 39.57° 37°
from 2 leaf above ear at
anthesis to stalk above leaf)
color 5GY 3/4 5GY 4/4
sheath pubescence (1=none to 6 5
9=like peach fuzz)
marginal waves (1=none to 3 6
9=many)
longitudinal creases (1=none 0 1
to 9=many)
stem: degree of zig-zag absent or very slight absent or very slight
[Eva, Ivana]
stem: anthocyanin coloration absent or very weak weak
of brace roots [W182E]
anthocyanin coloration of absent or very weak absent or very weak
sheath (in middle of plant) [F7]
width of blade medium [A632] medium
6. Tassel
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Characteristic QHY6RH1077 Comparison Variety -
WH92047
number of primary lateral 28.27 13.93
branches standard deviation: standard deviation:
3.546 3.0533
sample size: 30 samples size: 30
branch angle from central 45.7° 44°
spike standard deviation: standard deviation:
.1503 13.7209
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
length (from top leaf collar to 33.27 cm 24 cm
tassel tip) standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.6758 1.5257
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
pollen shed (0=male sterile to 7 6
9=heavy shed)
anther color 5GY 7/6 2.5GY 7/6
glume color 5GY 6/4 5GY 6/6
bar glumes (glume bands) absent absent
time of anthesis (on middle early [F7] medium
third of main axis, 50% of
plants)
anthocyanin coloration at base absent or very weak absent or very weak
of glume (in middle third of [W117]
main axis)
anthocyanin coloration of weak [F2] absent or very weak
glumes excluding base (in
middle third of main axis)
anthocyanin coloration of weak [F2] absent or very weak
FRESH anthers (in middle
third of main axis)
density of spikelets (in middle medium [W401] lax
third of main axis)
14988601\V-1
Characteristic QHY6RH1077 Comparison Variety -
WH92047
angle between main axis and very small medium
lateral branches (in lower
third of tassel)
attitude of lateral branches (in straight [F257] straight
lower third of tassel)
number of primary lateral absent or very few [F7] medium
branches
length of main axis above medium [F244] short
lowest side branch
length of main axis above short [EP1] medium
upper side branch
length of side branches short [F2] medium
7. Ear
time of silk emergence (50% medium [W117] late to very late
of plants)
anthocyanin coloration of absent [F7] absent
silks
(unhusked data) silk color 2.5GY 8/6 2.5GY 8/8
(3 days after emergence)
(unhusked data) fresh husk 5GY 5/6 2.5GY 6/6
color (25 days after 50%
silking)
(unhusked data) dry husk 2.5Y 7/6 2.5Y 8/6
color (65 days after 50%
silking)
(unhusked data) position of upright upright
ear at dry husk stage
(unhusked data) husk 5 6
tightness (1=very loose to
9=very tight)
14988601\V-1
Characteristic QHY6RH1077 Comparison Variety -
WH92047
(unhusked data) husk medium (<8cm) medium
extension (at harvest)
(husked ear data) ear length 17.92 cm 10.55 cm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.4561 1.4513
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
(husked ear data) ear diameter 43.42 mm 34.49 mm
at mid-point standard deviation: standard deviation:
2.4058 3.8469
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
(husked ear data) ear weight 76.87 gm 36.67 gm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
9.865 12.3794
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
(husked ear data) number of 17.13 15.13
kernel rows standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.725 2.6821
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
(husked ear data) kernel rows distinct distinct
(husked ear data) row straight straight
alignment
(husked ear data) shank length 10.08 cm 8.98 cm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
2.8568 2.9215
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
(husked ear data) ear taper slight slight
length of peduncle medium [W182E] short
length (without husk) medium [A654] short
diameter (in middle) medium [W401] small
shape conico-cylindrical [F7] conico-cylindrical
number of rows of grain medium [EP1] medium
14988601\V-1
Characteristic QHY6RH1077 Comparison Variety -
WH92047
type of grain (in middle third sweet [Jubilee] sweet
of ear)
color of top of grain yellow [W401] yellow orange
color of dorsal side of grain yellow [A654] yellow
anthocyanin coloration of absent [F2] absent
glumes of cob
8. Kernel (dried)
length 11.58 mm 7.27 mm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.1339 1.2408
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
width 6.96 mm 7 mm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.0903 0.833
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
thickness 2.39 mm 4.87 mm
standard deviation: standard deviation
0.6524 1.3291
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
aleurone color pattern homozygous homozygous
aleurone color 5YR 8/12 2.5Y 8/10
hard endosperm color 5YR 8/12 2.5Y 8/10
endosperm type sweet (su1) sweet
weight per 100 kernels 9.5 gm 13.5 gm
(unsized sample) sample size: 100 sample size: 100
9. Cob
diameter at mid-point 25.12 mm 22.56 mm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.7994 2.1828
sample size: 30 sample size: 30
14988601\V-1
Characteristic QHY6RH1077 Comparison Variety -
WH92047
color 5Y 8/4 5Y 8/4
12. Agronomic Traits
stay green (at 65 days after 5 6
anthesis) (from 1=worst to
9=excellent)
dropped ears 0% 0%
% pre-anthesis brittle 0% 0%
snapping
% pre-anthesis root lodging 0% 0%
post-anthesis root lodging 0% 0%
*These are typical values. Values may vary due to environment. Other values that are
substantially equivalent are also within the scope of the invention.
Table 2: Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Sweet Corn Line SYY-
6R07003
Characteristic SYY-6R07003 Comparison Variety -
WH98032
1. Type sweet sweet
2. Region where developed in the midwest midwest
U.S.A.
3. Maturity in the Region of Best
Adaptability
from emergence to 50% of days: 69 days: 61
plants in silk heat units: 1390.38 heat units: 1213.94
from emergence to 50% of days: 69 days: 61
plants in pollen heat units: 1390.38 heat units: 1213.94
from 10% to 90% pollen shed days: 6 days: 5
heat units: 119.95 heat units: 129.17
14988601\V-1
Characteristic SYY-6R07003 Comparison Variety -
WH98032
from 50% silk to optimum days: 23 days: 27
edible quality heat units: 438.55 heat units: 544.01
from 50% silk to harvest at days: 63 days: 72
% moisture heat units: 1283.35 heat units: 1194.35
4. Plant
plant height (to tassel tip) 134.83 cm 151.68 cm
standard deviation: standard deviation
13.19755 16.6961
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
ear height (to base of top ear 26.46 cm 36.55 cm
node) standard deviation: standard deviation
7.1935 4.691
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
length of top ear internode 10.98 cm 15.96 cm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
0.98457 1.7137
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
average number of tillers 1.73 avg 2.23 avg
standard deviation: standard deviation
0.8005 0.8823
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
average number of ears per 1.66 avg 2.1 avg
stalk standard deviation: standard deviation:
0.68917 0.721
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
anthocyanin of brace roots absent absent
. Leaf
width of ear node leaf in 3.2 cm 4.78 cm
centimeters standard deviation: standard deviation:
0.41621 0.3651
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
14988601\V-1
Characteristic SYY-6R07003 Comparison Variety -
WH98032
length of ear node leaf in 83 cm 69.17 cm
centimeters standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.9452 3.1451
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
number of leaves above top 6.3 5.49
ear standard deviation: standard deviation:
0.5907 0.5795
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
degrees leaf angle (measure 64.86° 67.49°
from 2 leaf above ear at
anthesis to stalk above leaf)
color 5GY 4/6 5GY 4/4
sheath pubescence (1=none to 9 6
9=like peach fuzz)
marginal waves (1=none to 1 8
9=many)
longitudinal creases (1=none 9 3
to 9=many)
6. Tassel
number of primary lateral 29.63 15.22
branches standard deviation: standard deviation:
2.84918 3.8846
sample size: 30 samples size: 60
branch angle from central 61° 56.75°
spike standard deviation: standard deviation:
.8467 15.4995
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
length (from top leaf collar to 29.93 cm 36.29 cm
tassel tip) standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.5445 2.9363
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
pollen shed (0=male sterile to 8 6
9=heavy shed)
14988601\V-1
Characteristic SYY-6R07003 Comparison Variety -
WH98032
anther color 2.5GY 5/6 2.5GY 8/8
glume color 5GY 8/6 5GY 6/6
7. Ear
(unhusked data) silk color 2.5GY 8/6 2.5GY 8/6
(3 days after emergence)
(unhusked data) fresh husk 2.5GY 8/8 5GY 5/6
color (25 days after 50%
silking)
(unhusked data) dry husk 5Y 8/4 2.5Y 8/4
color (65 days after 50%
silking)
(unhusked data) position of upright upright
ear at dry husk stage
(unhusked data) husk 5 7
tightness (1=very loose to
9=very tight)
(unhusked data) husk very long (>10 cm) short
extension (at harvest)
(husked ear data) ear length 13.12 cm 15.49 cm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.5091 1.323
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
(husked ear data) ear diameter 39.76 mm 41.38 mm
at mid-point standard deviation: standard deviation:
6.5438 3.229
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
(husked ear data) ear weight 55.7 gm 68.24 gm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
.6936 13.7871
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
14988601\V-1
Characteristic SYY-6R07003 Comparison Variety -
WH98032
(husked ear data) number of 16.5 18.93
kernel rows standard deviation: standard deviation:
2.6528 2.0532
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
(husked ear data) kernel rows indistinct indistinct
(husked ear data) row slightly curved straight
alignment
(husked ear data) shank length 9.5 cm 12.55 cm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
2.4654 2.7562
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
(husked ear data) ear taper average slight
8. Kernel (dried)
length 11.36 mm 9.91 mm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.0563 1.0352
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
width 6.93 mm 6.05 mm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
1.0708 0.9906
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
thickness 3.85 mm 3.03 mm
standard deviation: standard deviation
0.75284 0.5761
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
% round kernels (shape grade) 94% 47.75%
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
aleurone color pattern homozygous homozygous
aleurone color 2.5YR 8/8 2.5Y 8/10
hard endosperm color 2.5YR 8/4 2.5Y 8/10
endosperm type sweet (su1) sweet
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Characteristic SYY-6R07003 Comparison Variety -
WH98032
weight per 100 kernels 9.85 gm 9.38 gm
(unsized sample) sample size: 200 sample size: 200
9. Cob
diameter at mid-point 25.02 mm 27.88 mm
standard deviation: standard deviation:
2.0925 1.4181
sample size: 30 sample size: 60
color 2.5Y 8/2 5Y 8/4
*These are typical values. Values may vary due to environment. Other values that are
substantially equivalent are also within the scope of the invention.
C. Breeding Corn Plants
One aspect of the current invention concerns methods for producing seed of sweet
corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 involving crossing sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-
6R07003. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the invention, hybrid QHY6RH1077, line
SHY817-469, or line SYY-6R07003 may be crossed with itself or with any second plant. Such
methods can be used for propagation of hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or the sweet corn lines
SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003, or can be used to produce plants that are derived from hybrid
QHY6RH1077 and/or the sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003. Plants derived
from hybrid QHY6RH1077 and/or the sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and SYY-6R07003 may be
used, in certain embodiments, for the development of new corn varieties.
The development of new varieties using one or more starting varieties is well
known in the art. In accordance with the invention, novel varieties may be created by crossing
hybrid QHY6RH1077 followed by multiple generations of breeding according to such well
known methods. New varieties may be created by crossing with any second plant. In selecting
such a second plant to cross for the purpose of developing novel lines, it may be desired to
choose those plants, which either themselves exhibit one or more selected desirable
characteristics or, which exhibit the desired characteristic(s) when in hybrid combination. Once
initial crosses have been made, inbreeding and selection take place to produce new varieties. For
development of a uniform line, often five or more generations of selfing and selection are
involved.
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Uniform lines of new varieties may also be developed by way of double-haploids.
This technique allows the creation of true breeding lines without the need for multiple
generations of selfing and selection. In this manner true breeding lines can be produced in as
little as one generation. Haploid embryos may be produced from microspores, pollen, anther
cultures, or ovary cultures. The haploid embryos may then be doubled autonomously, or by
chemical treatments (e.g. colchicine treatment). Alternatively, haploid embryos may be grown
into haploid plants and treated to induce chromosome doubling. In either case, fertile
homozygous plants are obtained. In accordance with the invention, any of such techniques may
be used in connection with a plant of the invention and progeny thereof to achieve a homozygous
line.
Backcrossing can also be used to improve an inbred plant. Backcrossing transfers
a specific desirable trait from one inbred or non-inbred source to an inbred that lacks that trait.
This can be accomplished, for example, by first crossing a superior inbred (A) (recurrent parent)
to a donor inbred (non-recurrent parent), which carries the appropriate locus or loci for the trait
in question. The progeny of this cross are then mated back to the superior recurrent parent (A)
followed by selection in the resultant progeny for the desired trait to be transferred from the non-
recurrent parent. After five or more backcross generations with selection for the desired trait, the
progeny have the characteristic being transferred, but are like the superior parent for most or
almost all other loci. The last backcross generation would be selfed to give pure breeding
progeny for the trait being transferred.
The plants of the present invention are particularly well suited for the
development of new lines based on the elite nature of the genetic background of the plants. In
selecting a second plant to cross with QHY6RH1077 and/or sweet corn lines SHY817-469 and
SYY-6R07003 for the purpose of developing novel corn lines, it will typically be preferred to
choose those plants, which either themselves exhibit one or more selected desirable
characteristics or, which exhibit the desired characteristic(s) when in hybrid combination.
Examples of desirable traits may include, in specific embodiments, male sterility, herbicide
resistance, resistance for bacterial, fungal, or viral disease, insect resistance, male fertility, sugar
content, and enhanced nutritional quality.
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D. Further Embodiments of the Invention
In certain aspects of the invention, plants described herein are provided modified
to include at least a first desired heritable trait. Such plants may, in one embodiment, be
developed by a plant breeding technique called backcrossing, wherein essentially all of the
morphological and physiological characteristics of a variety are recovered in addition to a
genetic locus transferred into the plant via the backcrossing technique. The term single locus
converted plant as used herein refers to those corn plants which are developed by a plant
breeding technique called backcrossing, wherein essentially all of the morphological and
physiological characteristics of a variety are recovered in addition to the single locus transferred
into the variety via the backcrossing technique. By essentially all of the morphological and
physiological characteristics, it is meant that the characteristics of a plant are recovered that are
otherwise present when compared in the same environment, other than an occasional variant trait
that might arise during backcrossing or direct introduction of a transgene.
Backcrossing methods can be used with the present invention to improve or
introduce a characteristic into the present variety. The parental corn plant which contributes the
locus for the desired characteristic is termed the nonrecurrent or donor parent. This terminology
refers to the fact that the nonrecurrent parent is used one time in the backcross protocol and
therefore does not recur. The parental corn plant to which the locus or loci from the nonrecurrent
parent are transferred is known as the recurrent parent as it is used for several rounds in the
backcrossing protocol.
In a typical backcross protocol, the original variety of interest (recurrent parent) is
crossed to a second variety (nonrecurrent parent) that carries the single locus of interest to be
transferred. The resulting progeny from this cross are then crossed again to the recurrent parent
and the process is repeated until a corn plant is obtained wherein essentially all of the
morphological and physiological characteristics of the recurrent parent are recovered in the
converted plant, in addition to the single transferred locus from the nonrecurrent parent.
The selection of a suitable recurrent parent is an important step for a successful
backcrossing procedure. The goal of a backcross protocol is to alter or substitute a single trait or
characteristic in the original variety. To accomplish this, a single locus of the recurrent variety is
modified or substituted with the desired locus from the nonrecurrent parent, while retaining
essentially all of the rest of the desired genetic, and therefore the desired physiological and
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morphological constitution of the original variety. The choice of the particular nonrecurrent
parent will depend on the purpose of the backcross; one of the major purposes is to add some
commercially desirable trait to the plant. The exact backcrossing protocol will depend on the
characteristic or trait being altered and the genetic distance between the recurrent and
nonrecurrent parents. Although backcrossing methods are simplified when the characteristic
being transferred is a dominant allele, a recessive allele, or an additive allele (between recessive
and dominant), may also be transferred. In this instance it may be necessary to introduce a test
of the progeny to determine if the desired characteristic has been successfully transferred.
In one embodiment, progeny corn plants of a backcross in which a plant described
herein is the recurrent parent comprise (i) the desired trait from the non-recurrent parent and (ii)
all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of corn the recurrent parent as
determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions.
New varieties can also be developed from more than two parents. The technique,
known as modified backcrossing, uses different recurrent parents during the backcrossing.
Modified backcrossing may be used to replace the original recurrent parent with a variety having
certain more desirable characteristics or multiple parents may be used to obtain different
desirable characteristics from each.
With the development of molecular markers associated with particular traits, it is
possible to add additional traits into an established germ line, such as represented here, with the
end result being substantially the same base germplasm with the addition of a new trait or traits.
Molecular breeding, as described in Moose and Mumm, 2008 (Plant Physiology, 147: 969-977),
for example, and elsewhere, provides a mechanism for integrating single or multiple traits or
QTL into an elite line. This molecular breeding-facilitated movement of a trait or traits into an
elite line may encompass incorporation of a particular genomic fragment associated with a
particular trait of interest into the elite line by the mechanism of identification of the integrated
genomic fragment with the use of flanking or associated marker assays. In the embodiment
represented here, one, two, three or four genomic loci, for example, may be integrated into an
elite line via this methodology. When this elite line containing the additional loci is further
crossed with another parental elite line to produce hybrid offspring, it is possible to then
incorporate at least eight separate additional loci into the hybrid. These additional loci may
confer, for example, such traits as a disease resistance or a fruit quality trait. In one embodiment,
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each locus may confer a separate trait. In another embodiment, loci may need to be homozygous
and exist in each parent line to confer a trait in the hybrid. In yet another embodiment, multiple
loci may be combined to confer a single robust phenotype of a desired trait.
Many single locus traits have been identified that are not regularly selected for in
the development of a new inbred but that can be improved by backcrossing techniques. Single
locus traits may or may not be transgenic; examples of these traits include, but are not limited to,
male sterility, waxy starch, herbicide resistance, resistance for bacterial, fungal, or viral disease,
insect resistance, sugar content, male fertility and enhanced nutritional quality. These genes are
generally inherited through the nucleus, but may be inherited through the cytoplasm. Some
known exceptions to this are genes for male sterility, some of which are inherited
cytoplasmically, but still act as a single locus trait.
Direct selection may be applied where the single locus acts as a dominant trait.
For this selection process, the progeny of the initial cross are assayed for viral resistance and/or
the presence of the corresponding gene prior to the backcrossing. Selection eliminates any plants
that do not have the desired gene and resistance trait, and only those plants that have the trait are
used in the subsequent backcross. This process is then repeated for all additional backcross
generations.
Selection of corn plants for breeding is not necessarily dependent on the
phenotype of a plant and instead can be based on genetic investigations. For example, one can
utilize a suitable genetic marker which is closely genetically linked to a trait of interest. One of
these markers can be used to identify the presence or absence of a trait in the offspring of a
particular cross, and can be used in selection of progeny for continued breeding. This technique
is commonly referred to as marker assisted selection. Any other type of genetic marker or other
assay which is able to identify the relative presence or absence of a trait of interest in a plant can
also be useful for breeding purposes. Procedures for marker assisted selection are well known in
the art. Such methods will be of particular utility in the case of recessive traits and variable
phenotypes, or where conventional assays may be more expensive, time consuming or otherwise
disadvantageous. Types of genetic markers which could be used in accordance with the
invention include, but are not necessarily limited to, Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms
(SSLPs) (Williams et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 1 8:6531-6535, 1990), Randomly Amplified
Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence
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Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs), Arbitrary Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-
PCR), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) (EP 534 858, specifically
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
(Wang et al., Science, 280:1077-1082, 1998).
E. Plants Derived by Genetic Engineering
Many useful traits that can be introduced by backcrossing, as well as directly into
a plant, are those which are introduced by genetic transformation techniques. Genetic
transformation may therefore be used to insert a selected transgene into a plant of the invention
or may, alternatively, be used for the preparation of transgenes which can be introduced by
backcrossing. Methods for the transformation of plants that are well known to those of skill in
the art and applicable to many crop species include, but are not limited to, electroporation,
microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and direct DNA uptake
by protoplasts.
To effect transformation by electroporation, one may employ either friable
tissues, such as a suspension culture of cells or embryogenic callus or alternatively one may
transform immature embryos or other organized tissue directly. In this technique, one would
partially degrade the cell walls of the chosen cells by exposing them to pectin-degrading
enzymes (pectolyases) or mechanically wound tissues in a controlled manner.
An efficient method for delivering transforming DNA segments to plant cells is
microprojectile bombardment. In this method, particles are coated with nucleic acids and
delivered into cells by a propelling force. Exemplary particles include those comprised of
tungsten, platinum, and preferably, gold. For the bombardment, cells in suspension are
concentrated on filters or solid culture medium. Alternatively, immature embryos or other target
cells may be arranged on solid culture medium. The cells to be bombarded are positioned at an
appropriate distance below the macroprojectile stopping plate.
An illustrative embodiment of a method for delivering DNA into plant cells by
acceleration is the Biolistics Particle Delivery System, which can be used to propel particles
coated with DNA or cells through a screen, such as a stainless steel or Nytex screen, onto a
surface covered with target cells. The screen disperses the particles so that they are not delivered
to the recipient cells in large aggregates. Microprojectile bombardment techniques are widely
applicable, and may be used to transform virtually any plant species.
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Agrobacterium-mediated transfer is another widely applicable system for
introducing gene loci into plant cells. An advantage of the technique is that DNA can be
introduced into whole plant tissues, thereby bypassing the need for regeneration of an intact plant
from a protoplast. Modern Agrobacterium transformation vectors are capable of replication in E.
coli as well as Agrobacterium, allowing for convenient manipulations (Klee et al., Bio-
Technology, 3(7):637-642, 1985). Moreover, recent technological advances in vectors for
Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer have improved the arrangement of genes and restriction
sites in the vectors to facilitate the construction of vectors capable of expressing various
polypeptide coding genes. The vectors described have convenient multi-linker regions flanked
by a promoter and a polyadenylation site for direct expression of inserted polypeptide coding
genes. Additionally, Agrobacterium containing both armed and disarmed Ti genes can be used
for transformation.
In those plant strains where Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is efficient, it
is the method of choice because of the facile and defined nature of the gene locus transfer. The
use of Agrobacterium-mediated plant integrating vectors to introduce DNA into plant cells is
well known in the art (Fraley et al., Bio/Technology, 3:629-635, 1985; U.S. Patent No.
,563,055).
Transformation of plant protoplasts also can be achieved using methods based on
calcium phosphate precipitation, polyethylene glycol treatment, electroporation, and
combinations of these treatments (see, e.g., Potrykus et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 199:183-188,
1985; Omirulleh et al., Plant Mol. Biol., 21(3):415-428, 1993; Fromm et al., Nature, 312:791-
793, 1986; Uchimiya et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 204:204, 1986; Marcotte et al., Nature, 335:454,
1988). Transformation of plants and expression of foreign genetic elements is exemplified in
Choi et al. (Plant Cell Rep., 13: 344–348, 1994), and Ellul et al. (Theor. Appl. Genet., 107:462–
469, 2003).
A number of promoters have utility for plant gene expression for any gene of
interest including but not limited to selectable markers, scoreable markers, genes for pest
tolerance, disease resistance, nutritional enhancements and any other gene of agronomic interest.
Examples of constitutive promoters useful for plant gene expression include, but are not limited
to, the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) P-35S promoter, which confers constitutive, high-level
expression in most plant tissues (see, e.g., Odel et al., Nature, 313:810, 1985), including in
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monocots (see, e.g., Dekeyser et al., Plant Cell, 2:591, 1990; Terada and Shimamoto, Mol. Gen.
Genet., 220:389, 1990); a tandemly duplicated version of the CaMV 35S promoter, the enhanced
35S promoter (P-e35S);l the nopaline synthase promoter (An et al., Plant Physiol., 88:547,
1988); the octopine synthase promoter (Fromm et al., Plant Cell, 1:977, 1989); and the figwort
mosaic virus (P-FMV) promoter as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,619 and an enhanced
version of the FMV promoter (P-eFMV) where the promoter sequence of P-FMV is duplicated in
tandem; the cauliflower mosaic virus 19S promoter; a sugarcane bacilliform virus promoter; a
commelina yellow mottle virus promoter; and other plant DNA virus promoters known to
express in plant cells.
A variety of plant gene promoters that are regulated in response to environmental,
hormonal, chemical, and/or developmental signals can also be used for expression of an operably
linked gene in plant cells, including promoters regulated by (1) heat (Callis et al., Plant Physiol.,
88:965, 1988), (2) light (e.g., pea rbcS-3A promoter, Kuhlemeier et al., Plant Cell, 1:471, 1989;
maize rbcS promoter, Schaffner and Sheen, Plant Cell, 3:997, 1991; or chlorophyll a/b-binding
protein promoter, Simpson et al., EMBO J., 4:2723, 1985), (3) hormones, such as abscisic acid
(Marcotte et al., Plant Cell, 1:969, 1989), (4) wounding (e.g., wunl, Siebertz et al., Plant Cell,
1:961, 1989); or (5) chemicals such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, or Safener. It may also
be advantageous to employ organ-specific promoters (e.g., Roshal et al., EMBO J., 6:1155,
1987; Schernthaner et al., EMBO J., 7:1249, 1988; Bustos et al., Plant Cell, 1:839, 1989).
Exemplary nucleic acids which may be introduced to plants of this invention
include, for example, DNA sequences or genes from another species, or even genes or sequences
which originate with or are present in the same species, but are incorporated into recipient cells
by genetic engineering methods rather than classical reproduction or breeding techniques.
However, the term “exogenous” is also intended to refer to genes that are not normally present in
the cell being transformed, or perhaps simply not present in the form, structure, etc., as found in
the transforming DNA segment or gene, or genes which are normally present and that one
desires to express in a manner that differs from the natural expression pattern, e.g., to over-
express. Thus, the term "exogenous" gene or DNA is intended to refer to any gene or DNA
segment that is introduced into a recipient cell, regardless of whether a similar gene may already
be present in such a cell. The type of DNA included in the exogenous DNA can include DNA
which is already present in the plant cell, DNA from another plant, DNA from a different
14988601\V-1
organism, or a DNA generated externally, such as a DNA sequence containing an antisense
message of a gene, or a DNA sequence encoding a synthetic or modified version of a gene.
Many hundreds if not thousands of different genes are known and could
potentially be introduced into a corn plant according to the invention. Non-limiting examples of
particular genes and corresponding phenotypes one may choose to introduce into a corn plant
include one or more genes for insect tolerance, such as a Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) gene, pest
tolerance such as genes for fungal disease control, herbicide tolerance such as genes conferring
glyphosate tolerance, and genes for quality improvements such as yield, nutritional
enhancements, environmental or stress tolerances, or any desirable changes in plant physiology,
growth, development, morphology or plant product(s). For example, structural genes would
include any gene that confers insect tolerance including but not limited to a Bacillus insect
control protein gene as described in WO 99/31248, herein incorporated by reference in its
entirety, U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,052, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, U.S. Pat. Nos.
,500,365 and 5,880,275, herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In another
embodiment, the structural gene can confer tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate as conferred by
genes including, but not limited to Agrobacterium strain CP4 glyphosate resistant EPSPS gene
(aroA:CP4) as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,435, herein incorporated by reference in its
entirety, or glyphosate oxidoreductase gene (GOX) as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,175,
herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Alternatively, the DNA coding sequences can affect these phenotypes by
encoding a non-translatable RNA molecule that causes the targeted inhibition of expression of an
endogenous gene, for example via antisense- or cosuppression-mediated mechanisms (see, for
example, Bird et al., Biotech. Gen. Engin. Rev., 9:207, 1991). The RNA could also be a catalytic
RNA molecule (i.e., a ribozyme) engineered to cleave a desired endogenous mRNA product (see
for example, Gibson and Shillito, Mol. Biotech., 7:125,1997). Thus, any gene which produces a
protein or mRNA which expresses a phenotype or morphology change of interest is useful for
the practice of the present invention.
F. Definitions
In the description and tables herein, a number of terms are used. In order to
provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, the following
definitions are provided:
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Allele: Any of one or more alternative forms of a gene locus, all of which alleles
relate to one trait or characteristic. In a diploid cell or organism, the two alleles of a given gene
occupy corresponding loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
Backcrossing: A process in which a breeder repeatedly crosses hybrid progeny,
for example a first generation hybrid (F ), back to one of the parents of the hybrid progeny.
Backcrossing can be used to introduce one or more single locus conversions from one genetic
background into another.
Crossing: The mating of two parent plants.
Cross-pollination: Fertilization by the union of two gametes from different
plants.
Diploid: A cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes.
Emasculate: The removal of plant male sex organs or the inactivation of the
organs with a cytoplasmic or nuclear genetic factor or a chemical agent conferring male sterility.
Enzymes: Molecules which can act as catalysts in biological reactions.
F Hybrid: The first generation progeny of the cross of two nonisogenic plants.
Genotype: The genetic constitution of a cell or organism.
Haploid: A cell or organism having one set of the two sets of chromosomes in a
diploid.
Linkage: A phenomenon wherein alleles on the same chromosome tend to
segregate together more often than expected by chance if their transmission was independent.
Marker: A readily detectable phenotype, preferably inherited in codominant
fashion (both alleles at a locus in a diploid heterozygote are readily detectable), with no
environmental variance component, i.e., heritability of 1.
Phenotype: The detectable characteristics of a cell or organism, which
characteristics are the manifestation of gene expression.
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL): Quantitative trait loci (QTL) refer to genetic
loci that control to some degree numerically representable traits that are usually continuously
distributed.
Resistance: As used herein, the terms “resistance” and “tolerance” are used
interchangeably to describe plants that show no symptoms to a specified biotic pest, pathogen,
abiotic influence or environmental condition. These terms are also used to describe plants
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showing some symptoms but that are still able to produce marketable product with an acceptable
yield. Some plants that are referred to as resistant or tolerant are only so in the sense that they
may still produce a crop, even though the plants are stunted and the yield is reduced.
Regeneration: The development of a plant from tissue culture.
Self-pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same
plant.
Single Locus Converted (Conversion) Plant: Plants which are developed by a
plant breeding technique called backcrossing, wherein essentially all of the morphological and
physiological characteristics of a corn variety are recovered in addition to the characteristics of
the single locus transferred into the variety via the backcrossing technique and/or by genetic
transformation.
Substantially Equivalent: A characteristic that, when compared, does not show
a statistically significant difference (e.g., p = 0.05) from the mean.
Tissue Culture: A composition comprising isolated cells of the same or a
different type or a collection of such cells organized into parts of a plant.
Transgene: A genetic locus comprising a sequence which has been introduced
into the genome of a corn plant by transformation.
G. Deposit Information
A deposit of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 and parent line SYY-6R07003,
disclosed above and recited in the claims, has been made with the American Type Culture
Collection (ATCC), 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110-2209. The date of the
deposits were June 6, 2012, and May 15, 2012, respectively. The accession numbers for those
deposited seeds of sweet corn hybrid QHY6RH1077 and parent line SYY-6R07003 are ATCC
Accession Number PTA-12950 and ATCC Accession Number PTA-12896, respectively. Upon
issuance of a patent, all restrictions upon the deposits will be removed, and the deposits are
intended to meet all of the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §1.801-1.809. The deposits will be
maintained in the depository for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request, or for the
effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if necessary during that
period.
Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of
illustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be obvious that certain
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changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the invention, as limited only by
the scope of the appended claims.
All references cited herein are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.
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Claims (32)
1. A corn plant comprising at least a first set of the chromosomes of corn line SYY- 6R07003, a sample of seed of said line having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-12896.
2. A seed comprising at least a first set of the chromosomes of corn line SYY-6R07003, a sample of seed of said line having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA- 12896.
3. The plant of claim 1, which is inbred.
4. The plant of claim 1, which is hybrid.
5. The seed of claim 2, which is inbred.
6. The seed of claim 2, which is hybrid.
7. The plant of claim 4, wherein the hybrid plant is corn hybrid QHY6RH1077, a sample of seed of said hybrid QHY6RH1077 having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-12950.
8. The seed of claim 6, defined as a seed of corn hybrid QHY6RH1077, a sample of seed of said hybrid QHY6RH1077 having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA- 12950.
9. The seed of claim 2, defined as a seed of line SYY-6R07003.
10. A plant part of the plant of claim 1.
11. The plant part of claim 10, further defined as an ear, ovule, pollen or cell.
12. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim 1.
13. The tissue culture according to claim 12, comprising cells or protoplasts from a plant part selected from the group consisting of leaf, pollen, embryo, root, root tip, anther, silk, flower, kernel, ear, cob, husk, stalk and meristem.
14. A corn plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 12.
15. A method of vegetatively propagating the plant of claim 1 comprising the steps of: (a) collecting tissue capable of being propagated from a plant according to claim 1; (b) cultivating said tissue to obtain proliferated shoots; and (c) rooting said proliferated shoots to obtain rooted plantlets.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising growing at least a first plant from said rooted plantlets.
17. A method of introducing a desired trait into a corn line comprising: (a) crossing a plant of line SYY-6R07003 with a second corn plant that comprises a desired trait to produce F1 progeny, a sample of seed of said line having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-12896; (b) selecting an F1 progeny that comprises the desired trait; (c) backcrossing the selected F1 progeny with a plant of line SYY-6R07003 to produce backcross progeny; (d) selecting backcross progeny comprising the desired trait and the physiological and morphological characteristic of corn line SYY-6R07003; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times to produce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny that comprise the desired trait.
18. A corn plant produced by the method of claim 17.
19. A method of producing a plant comprising an added trait, the method comprising introducing a transgene conferring the trait into a plant of hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003, a sample of seed of said hybrid and line having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-12950, and ATCC Accession Number PTA-12896, respectively.
20. A plant produced by the method of claim 19.
21. The plant of claim 1, comprising a transgene.
22. The plant of claim 21, wherein the transgene confers a trait selected from the group consisting of male sterility, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, pest resistance, disease resistance, modified fatty acid metabolism, environmental stress tolerance, modified carbohydrate metabolism and modified protein metabolism.
23. The plant of claim 1, comprising a single locus conversion.
24. The plant of claim 23, wherein the single locus conversion confers a trait selected from the group consisting of male sterility, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, pest resistance, disease resistance, modified fatty acid metabolism, environmental stress tolerance, modified carbohydrate metabolism and modified protein metabolism.
25. A method for producing a seed of a plant derived from at least one of hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003 comprising the steps of: (a) crossing a corn plant of hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003 with itself or a second corn plant; a sample of seed of said hybrid and line having been deposited under ATCC Accession Number PTA-12950, and ATCC Accession Number PTA-12896, respectively; and (b) allowing seed of a hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003-derived corn plant to form.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising the steps of: (c) selfing a plant grown from said hybrid QHY6RH1077, or SYY-6R07003-derived corn seed to yield additional hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003- derived corn seed; (d) growing said additional hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003-derived corn seed of step (c) to yield additional hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY- 6R07003-derived corn plants; and (e) repeating the crossing and growing steps of (c) and (d) to generate at least a first further hybrid QHY6RH1077, or line SYY-6R07003-derived corn plant.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein the second corn plant is of an inbred corn line.
28. The method of claim 26, further comprising: (f) crossing the further hybrid QHY6RH1077, or SYY-6R07003-derived corn plant with a second corn plant to produce seed of a hybrid progeny plant.
29. A plant part of the plant of claim 7.
30. The plant part of claim 29, further defined as an ear, ovule, pollen or cell.
31. A method of producing a corn seed comprising crossing the plant of claim 1 with itself or a second corn plant and allowing seed to form.
32. A method of producing a corn comprising: (a) obtaining a plant according to claim 1, wherein the plant has been cultivated to maturity; and (b) collecting a corn from the plant.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
USUS13/590,154 | 2012-08-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ614264B true NZ614264B (en) | 2014-05-01 |
Family
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