NZ613739B2 - End treatments and transitions for water-ballasted protection barrier arrays - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is an end treatment array for crash attenuation of vehicle impacts on traffic protection barriers. The array includes a transition barrier module comprising first and second side walls, first and second end walls, a top wall, and a bottom wall. The module walls together define a substantially enclosed interior space, the transition barrier module having a predetermined width and length; and a containment impact sled comprising an axially extending frame. The frame has a width sufficient to contain the transition barrier module within said frame when in an assembled configuration, and having an axial length which is at least one half the length of said transition barrier module, the frame having an open end and an end cap or upright wall closing the other end thereof and defining an interior volume adapted to capture debris during a vehicular impact. The end cap or upright wall of the containment impact sled is attached to one end of the transition barrier module in said assembled configuration, so that the transition barrier module is disposed in said interior volume. The transition barrier module is fabricated of plastic and the interior space is hollow and unfilled with any ballasting material. The containment impact sled further comprises a floor. lly enclosed interior space, the transition barrier module having a predetermined width and length; and a containment impact sled comprising an axially extending frame. The frame has a width sufficient to contain the transition barrier module within said frame when in an assembled configuration, and having an axial length which is at least one half the length of said transition barrier module, the frame having an open end and an end cap or upright wall closing the other end thereof and defining an interior volume adapted to capture debris during a vehicular impact. The end cap or upright wall of the containment impact sled is attached to one end of the transition barrier module in said assembled configuration, so that the transition barrier module is disposed in said interior volume. The transition barrier module is fabricated of plastic and the interior space is hollow and unfilled with any ballasting material. The containment impact sled further comprises a floor.

Description

END TREATMENTS AND TRANSITIONS FOR WATER-BALLASTED PROTECTION BARRIER ARRAYS Background of the Invention The present ion relates lly to vehicle protection barriers, and more particularly to movable water ballasted vehicle traffic protection barriers for applications such as pedestrian protection, traffic work zone separation, airport runway divisions, and industrial commercial uses.

Summary of the Invention The present invention provides an end treatment array for ating the forces generated by a vehicular impact, comprising: a transition barrier module comprising first and second side walls, first and second end walls, a top wall, and a bottom wall, wherein the module walls together define a substantially enclosed or space, the transition r module having a predetermined width and length; and a containment impact sled comprising an axially extending frame, said frame having a width sufficient to contain the transition barrier module within the frame when in an assembled configuration, and having an axial length which is at least one-half the length of the transition barrier , the frame having an open end and an end cap or upright wall closing the other end thereof and defining an interior volume adapted to capture debris during a vehicular impact; wherein the end cap or upright wall of the nment impact sled is attached to one end of the transition barrier module in said assembled uration, so that the tion barrier module is disposed in said interior volume.

The transition barrier module may be fabricated of c. Importantly, the interior space is hollow and, unlike the regular barrier s, is preferably unfilled with any ballasting material for maximum initial energy absorption. The containment impact sled upright wall may be connected to the frame which substantially covers the first front-facing end wall of the tion barrier module when the sled is in its assembled configuration, with the transition barrier module at least partially contained within the frame of the sled. The containment impact sled preferably further comprises a floor.

AH26(9443543_1):DJM Preferably, the containment impact sled frame comprises a first side frame member attached to one side of the floor and upright wall and a second side frame member attached to an opposing side of the floor and the upright wall. Each of the side frame members may comprise a bottom frame member and a top frame member, wherein the bottom frame member is disposed ntially ntally, and the top frame member extends downwardly at an angle from its frontmost end to its rearmost end, with the frontmost end of the top frame member being connected to the upright wall near a top of the upright wall and the st end of the top frame member being ted to a rearmost end of the bottom frame member near ground level, such that each side frame member is triangular in shape.

Apertures may be provided in each of the transition barrier module and the sled, which are aligned when the transition barrier module and the sled are in the assembled configuration. Preferably a pin extends through the aligned apertures in the assembled configuration to attach the tion barrier module to the sled. The transition barrier module may comprise a ity of vertically spaced lugs on the first end wall, wherein each of the lugs have one of the apertures therein for receiving the pin. Additionally, one of the apertures may be disposed in the upright wall of the sled.

Preferably, the transition barrier module comprises holes in a lower end f to prevent the containment of ballasting material in the interior space.

The end treatment array preferably further comprises a plurality of vertically spaced lugs on the second transition barrier module end wall, for attaching the tion barrier module to a first end of an adjacent barrier module. In certain arrays, the nt barrier module is also a transition barrier module, constructed rly to the first transition barrier module, and is also unfilled with ballasting material. The array further comprises a barrier module connected at a first end to the transition barrier module which is filled with a ballasting al, which is preferably water.

It should be noted that it is within the scope of the present invention to employ any number of transition barrier modules and any number of ballasted barrier s in the array, depending upon desired crash attenuation characteristics and particular roadway conditions. So, the use of the term "connected" or "attached" herein does not AH26(9443543_1):DJM necessarily mean a direct connection or ment, but could mean an ct connection through intermediate modules, unless specific language used es otherwise. Importantly, for ease of assembly by on-site personnel, the transition barrier modules and the ballast-filled barrier modules are differently colored.

Preferably, the end treatment array comprises a second transition barrier module connected at a first end thereof to a second end of the barrier module, wherein the second transition barrier module is constructed substantially similarly to the first transition r module and is ed with ballasting material. This second end of the end treatment array is adapted for attachment to the fixed structure, such as a concrete abutment, which is being protected. Thus, end treatment re is provided for attaching a second end of the second transition barrier module to the fixed structure.

The end treatment hardware, in disclosed embodiments, ses a metal frame which is securable to the second end of the second transition barrier module. The frame comprises a plurality of vertically spaced horizontal cross members, each of which has an aperture in a middle portion f for receiving a pin, wherein in an assembled state the apertures are aligned. onal components of the end treatment hardware are first and second hinge posts disposed at opposing ends of each of the assembled vertically spaced horizontal cross members, a first hinge pin, a second hinge pin, a left panel, and a right panel. The left panel is pivotally securable to aligned first hinge posts using the first hinge pin and the right panel is pivotally securable to aligned second hinge posts using the second hinge pin, so that the left and right panels can be rotated to extend along a length of the fixed structure. Each of the left and right panels have apertures therein for ing hardware to secure each panel to the fixed ure. A pin is provided for insertion into the aligned apertures on each of the plurality of vertically spaced horizontal cross members.

In another aspect, there is provided a containment impact sled for use in an end treatment array for attenuating the forces generated by a vehicular impact, which comprises a frame extending in an axial direction and comprising a first side frame member, a second side frame member spaced from the first side frame , and an end frame member extending across a width of the frame and securing the first side frame member to the second side frame member. The frame having an open end and an end cap or upright wall closing a front end thereof and the frame members together AH26(9443543_1):DJM define an interior space adapted to capture debris during a vehicular impact. The containment impact sled is adapted for attachment to one end of an adjacent barrier module in an assembled end treatment array, in such a manner as to contain a substantial portion of the adjacent r module within the interior space when the end treatment array is assembled.

Preferably, the frame further comprises a floor attached to and extending between each of the side frame members and the end frame member. Each of the side frame members may comprise a bottom frame member and a top frame member, wherein the bottom frame member is disposed substantially horizontally, and the top frame member s downwardly at an angle from its frontmost end to its rearmost end, with the frontmost end of the top frame member being ted to the end frame member near a top of the end frame member and the rearmost end of the top frame member being ted to a rearmost end of the bottom frame member near ground level, such that each side frame member is triangular in shape.

An aperture is ed in the upright wall for attaching the containment impact sled to an nt r module. The frame is preferably comprised of metal, though it wouldn't necessarily have to be, if another suitably durable material were available.

In yet another aspect, there is disclosed a method of assembling an end treatment array for protecting a fixed structure from an impact by a passing vehicle. The method comprises steps of securing a plurality of ballast-filled hollow plastic barrier modules er in an axial array and securing one end of a transition barrier module to one end of the array of ballast-filled hollow plastic barrier modules, the transition barrier module is unfilled with ballasting material. A further method step is to secure a containment impact sled to the other end of the transition barrier module, wherein the nment impact sled comprises a frame having an open end and an end cap or upright wall closing the other end f and defining an interior space adapted to capture debris during a vehicular impact; and wherein the ng step includes disposing the end cap or upright wall of the frame about one end of the transition barrier module so that a substantial portion of the transition barrier module is ned within the interior space.

AH26(9443543_1):DJM The securing step r comprises inserting a pin through aligned holes in both the containment impact sled and the transition barrier module and a step of securing a second transition barrier module to a second end of the axial array of t-filled barrier modules, wherein the second transition barrier module is unfilled with ballasting material. Additionally, the method comprises a step of securing the second transition r module to the fixed structure, using end treatment hardware sing metal cross-members attached to the second transition barrier module and metal plates lly mounted to the metal cross-members.

The invention, together with additional features and advantages thereof, may best be tood by reference to the following description of a preferred embodiment taken in conjunction with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

Brief Description of the gs Fig. 1 is an end elevation view showing a configuration of a water barrier segment or module constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the barrier module of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the barrier module of Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4 is a front elevation view of the barrier module of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a left end elevation view of the barrier module of Figs. 1-4; Fig. 6 is a right end elevation view of the barrier module of Figs. 1-4; Fig. 7 is a front elevation view g two barrier module such as that shown in Fig. 4, wherein the modules are detached; Fig. 8 is a front elevation view similar to Fig. 7, showing the barrier modules after they have been attached to one another; AH26(9443543_1):DJM Fig. 9 is a perspective view, in isolation, of an interlocking knuckle for use in attaching two barrier s together; AH26(9443543_1):DJM Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a double wall reinforcement area for a pin lug on the barrier module; Fig. l l is a front elevation View similar to Fig. 7 showing a barrier module; Fig. 12 is a plan view from the top showing two connected barrier modules rotating with t to one another upon lar impact; Fig. 13 is a cross—sectional plan View taken along lines A-A of Fig. 8, after vehicular impact and ve rotation of the two barrier modules; Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional plan view of the detail section C of Fig. 13; Fig. 15 is an elevation view of a barrier module of the type shown in Fig. 7, showing some ofthe constructional details ofthe module; Fig. 16 is a top plan view of the barrier module of Fig. 15; Fig. 17 is an end elevation view of the barrier module of Fig. 15; Fig. 18 is a perspective view showing three barrier modules secured er; Fig. 19 is a perspective View of a second, tly preferred embodiment of a barrier module constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention; Fig. 20 is a fiont elevation view of the barrier module shown in Fig. 19; Fig. 21 is an end elevation view of the barrier module shown in Figs. 19-20; Fig. 22 is a top plan View of the barrier module shown in Figs. 19-21; Fig. 23 is a perspective View of the barrier module shown in Figs. 19-22, taken from an opposing ation; Fig. 24 is an end elevation View of the barrier module of Fig. 23; Fig. 25 is a sectioned perspective view of the barrier module of Fig. 23, showing al constructional features of the barrier module, and in particular a unique cable reinforcement system; Fig. 26 is a front ned View of the barrier module of Fig. 25; Fig. 27 is a sectioned detail view of the portion of Fig. 26 identified as detail Fig. 28 is a perspective view of the barrier module of Figs. 19-27; Fig. 29 is a top plan view of the barrier module of Fig. 28; Fig. 30 is a sectioned detail View of the portion of Fig. 29 identified as detail A; Fig. 31 is a perspective view showing three barrier modules secured together; Fig. 32 is a front ion view of a barrier module constructed in accordance with the principles of the ion, in which is disposed a drain aperture having an inventive buttress thread configuration; Fig. 33 is an enlarged View of the drain aperture of Fig. 32; and Fig. 34 is an enlarged perspective view of the drain aperture of Figs. 32; Fig. 35 is an isometric view of another modified ment of a fluid- ballasted barrier module constructed in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 36 is a sectional isometric view taken along lines A-A of Fig. 35, illustrating certain interior features of the r module of Fig. 35; Fig. 37 is a plan view illustrating the construction of a presently preferred configuration for the wire rope assembly of the present invention, in isolation; Fig. 38 is a top view of the assembly illustrated in Fig. 37; Fig. 39 is an enlarged view of the portion of Fig. 37 denoted by the circle A; Fig. 40 is an isometric view of the assembly illustrated in Figs. 37 and 38; Fig. 41 is an enlarged isometric view of the portion of Fig. 40 denoted by the circle B; Fig. 42 is a plan View illustrating two of the barrier modules of the t invention in a vertically stacked configuration; Fig. 43 is an end View of the stacked array of Fig. 42; Fig. 44 is a top View of an end treatment array in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 45 is a plan view of the array of Fig. 44; Fig. 46 is an isometric view of the array of Figs. 44 and 45; Fig. 47 is a plan view showing the left side of a transition barrier module and containment impact sled assembly in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 48 is an isometric view of the structures shown in Fig. 47; Fig. 49 is a plan view similar to Fig. 47 of the right side of a transition barrier module and nment impact sled assembly; Fig. 50 is an isometric view of the ures shown in Fig. 49; Fig. 51 is an isometric view of a containment impact sled in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 52 is a top View of the sled of Fig. 51; Fig. 53 is an elevational View of the sled of Fig. 51; Fig. 54 is an end view ofthe sled ofFig. 51; Fig. 55 is a plan View of a pin for use in securing the sled to the barrier tion module; Fig. 56 is an isometric view of the pin of Fig. 55; Fig. 57 is a right-side plan View of a sled and r transition module assembly in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 58 is a left-side plan view ofthe assembly shown in Fig. 57; Fig. 59 is a plan view of a barrier transition module, showing end treatment hardware for attachment to an end thereof; Fig. 60 is an isometric view of the assembly shown in Fig. 59; Fig. 61 is a plan View similar to Fig. 59, showing the end treatment hardware for ment to an opposing end of the barrier transition module; Fig. 62 is an isometric view of the assembly shown in Fig. 61; Fig. 63 is an exploded isometric view of the end treatment hardware for use in the present invention; and Fig. 64 is a plan view of the assorted hardware forming the set of end treatment re for securing the end treatment array to a fixed structure.

Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring now more particularly to the drawings, there is shown in Figs. 1—3 and 15—17 a water-ballasted barrier segment or module 10 constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The illustrated barrier module preferably has dimensions of approximately 18 in. W x 32 in. H x 78 in. L, with a material ess of about 1/4 in. The material used to fabricate the module may be a linear medium density polyethylene, and is preferably rotationally molded, although it may also be molded using other methods, such as blow molding. The module 10 preferably has an empty weight of approximately 75-80 1b., and a filled weight (when filled with water ballast) of approximately 1100 lb.

Particularly with respect to Figs. 1-2, the barrier module 10 has been constructed using a unique concave redirective design, wherein outer walls 12 of the barrier module 10 are configured in a concave manner, as shown. In a preferred configuration, the concave section is approximately 71 inches long, and runs the entire length of the r module. The e section is designed to ze the tire of a vehicle, impacting the barrier along the direction of arrow 14, from climbing up the side of the barrier module, by pocketing the tire in the curved center portion of the barrier wall 12. When the vehicle tire is captured and pocketed inside the curved portion, the reaction force of the impact then diverges the vehicle in a downward ion, as shown by arrow 16 in Fig. 1. The concave diverging design will thus assist in forcing the vehicle back toward the ground rather than up the side of the water barrier module 10. In a preferred ration, as shown in Fig. 1, the concave center portion of the outer wall 12 has a curve radius of approximately 24 3/4 in., and is about 23 inches in height.

Figs. 3-11 rate an interlocking knuckle design for securing adjacent barrier modules 10 together. The ocking knuckle design is a lug pin connection system, comprising four lugs 18 disposed in interweaved fashion on each end of the barrier module 10. Each lug 18 is preferably about 8 inches in diameter, and approximately 2 inches thick, gh various dimensions would be suitable for the ive purpose. To achieve the interweaved effect, on a first end of the barrier module 10, the first lug 18 is disposed 4 inches from the top of the module 10. The remaining three lugs 18 are equally spaced ally approximately 3 1/2 inches apart. On a second end 22 of the r module 10, the first lug 18 is disposed about 7 inches from the top of the barrier module 10, with the remaining three lugs 18 being again equally spaced vertically approximately 3 1/2 inches apart. These dimensions are preferred, but again, may be varied within the scope of the present invention.

When the ends oftwo adjacent r modules 10 are placed er, as shown sequentially in Figs. 7 and 8, the complementary lugs 18 on the mating ends of the adjoined modules 10 slide between one another in interweaved fashion, due to the offset distance of each lug location, as described above, and shown in Figs. 4 and 7. The lugs' dimensional offset permit each module 10 to be linked er with one lug atop an adjacent lug. This results in a total of eight lugs on each end of the water barrier module 10 that lock together, as seen in Fig. 8. Each lug 18 has a pin receiving hole 24 disposed therein, as best shown in Figs. 9 and 10. When the eight lugs 18 are engaged, as discussed above, upon the adjoining of two adjacent 2O barrier modules 10, these pin receiving holes 24, which are preferably approximately 1 1/2 inches in diameter, and are disposed through the two inch thick portion of the lug 18, correspond to one another. Thus, a T-pin 26 is slid vertically downwardly through the corresponding pin receiving holes 24 of all eight lugs or knuckles 18, as shown in Fig. 8, in order to lock the two adjoined barrier modules 10 together.

To reduce the bearing load on the pin lug connection, a double wall reinforcement 28 may be ed on the backside of the hole 24 on the lug 18, as shown in Fig. 10. The double reinforced wall is created by molding an indentation on an outer curved section 32 of the lug 18, as shown in Fig. 9. The removal of material on the outside curved section 32 of the lug 18 creates a double reinforced wall on the inside section of the lug. The wall created by the recessed section 30 on the outside of the lug creates a reinforcement section 28 against the vertical hole 24 in the lug 18, as shown in sectioned Fig. 10. By creating this double wall reinforcement section 28, the T-pin 26 has two approximately 1/4 inch thick surfaces to transfer the load to the T-pin 26 during vehicular impact. This arrangement will bute the bearing load over a larger area, with thicker material and more strength.

During impact, the water barrier can rotate at the pin lug connection, resulting in large es at the pin lug tion during m rotation of the water wall upon impact. To reduce the stresses at the pin lug connection, a concave inward stress er zone is formed between the male protruding lugs 18, as shown in Figs. 12—14. The concave inward section creates a concave female portion 34 at the ends of each water wall module where the male end of each lug 18 will slide inside when aligned, as illustrated. Before lar impact, the male lugs 18 are not in contact with any surface inside the concave female portion 34 of the barrier module 10. However, when the module 10 is impacted, and is displaced through its full range of rotation (approximately 30 degrees), as shown in the figures, the external curved surface of the male lugs will come into t with the external surface of the inside wall of the concave female portion, as shown in Fig. 14. This transfers the load from the pin lug connection to the lug contact point of the male/female portion. By erring the load of the vehicular impact from the pin lug connection to the female/male contact point, the load is distributed into the male/female surface contact point before the pin connection begins to absorb the load. This significantly reduces the loadon the T-pin 26, minimizing the pin‘s tendency to bend and deform during the impact.

To odate the ability to dispose a fence 36 or any other type of device to block the View or prevent access to the other side of the barrier 10, the t- pins 26 are ed to t a square or round tubular fence post 38, as shown in Fig. 18. The tubular post 38 is adapted to slip over the t-pin, with suitable retaining structure ed to ensure that the post 38 is firmly retained thereon.

In a preferred method, each barrier module 10 is placed at a d location while empty, and relatively light. This placement may be accomplished using a forklift, for example, utilizing forklift apertures 39. Once the modules are in place, and connected as described above, they can then be filled with water, using fill apertures 39a as shown in Fig. 3. When it is desired to drain a barrier module, drain apertures, such as aperture 39b in Fig. 15, may be utilized.

Now referring in ular to Figs. 19-21, a second embodiment of a water- ballasted barrier module 110 is illustrated, wherein like elements are designated by like reference ls, preceded by the numeral 1. This barrier module 110 is preferably ucted to have overall dimensions of approximately 22 in. W x 42 in. H X 78 in. L, with a material thickness of about l/4 inches. As in the prior embodiment, these dimensions are presently preferred, but not required, and may be varied in accordance with ordinary design considerations. The material of which the barrier module 110 is fabricated is preferably a high density polyethylene, and the preferred manufacturing process is rotational molding, although other known processes, such as blow molding, may be used.

The illustrated embodiment utilizes a unique configuration to minimize that chances that an impacting vehicle will drive up and over the module 110 upon impact. This configuration ses a saw tooth profile, as illustrated, which is designed into the top portion of the barrier module 110, as shown in Figs. 19-24.

The design intent of the saw tooth profile is to snag the bumper, wheel, or any portion of a vehicle impacting the barrier 110 from a direction indicated by arrow 114 (Fig. 23) and to deflect the vehicle in a rd direction as indicated by arrow 116 (Fig. 23). The saw tooth profile shape runs the entire length of each section of the r module 110, as shown. A first protruding module or th 40, forming the sawtooth profile, begins to protrude approximately 20 inches above the ground, and second and third protruding modules 42, 44, respectively are disposed above the module 40, as shown. Of course, more or fewer sawtooth modules, or anti-climbing ribs, may be utilized, depending upon particular design considerations. The design intent of using a plurality of sawtooth modules is that, if the first anti-climbing rib 40 does not succeed in containing the vehicle and re- directing it downwardly to the ground, the second or third climbing ribs 42, 44, respectively, should contain the vehicle before it can successfully climb over the barrier l 10.

The first embodiment of the ion, illustrated in Figs. 1—18, is capable of meeting the earlier described TL—l crash test, but plastic construction alone has been found to be insufficient for withstanding the impact of a vehicle traveling 70 kph or 100 kph, respectively, as ed under TL—2 and TL-3 testing regimes. The plastic does not have sufficient physical properties alone to stay together, pocket, or re-direct an impacting vehicle at this velocity. In order to absorb the energy of a e traveling at 7O to 100 kph, the inventors have found that steel components need to be incorporated into the water barrier system design. Using steel combined with a large volume of water for ballast and energy absorption enables the properly designed plastic wall to absorb the necessary energy to meet the federal TL—2 and TL—3 test requirements at such an .

To contain the 70 to 100 kph impacting vehicle, the inventors have used the interlocking plastic knuckle design described earlier in connection with the TL-l water r system described and shown in Figs. 1-18 of this application. The same type of design ples are used in connection with this larger and heavier TL—2 and TL—3 water barrier system, which includes the same ocking knuckle attachment system disclosed in tion with the first embodiment.

The TL-2 and TL-3 barrier system bed herein in connection with Figs. 19-31 s energy by plastic deformation, water cement, wire rope cable fencing tensioning, water dissipation, and overall displacement of the water barrier itself. Since it is known that plastic alone cannot Withstand the stringent test requirements of the 70-100 kph TL-2 and TL-3 vehicular impact protocols, internally molded into the barrier module 110 is a Wire rope cable 46, which is used to create a submerged fence inside the water barrier module 110 as shown in Figs. and 26. Before the barrier module 110 is molded, the wire rope cables 46 are placed inside the mold tool. The cables are made with an eyelet or loop 48 (Fig. 30) at each end, and are placed in the mold so that the cable loops 48 wrap around the t- pin hole 124 outside diameter as shown in Fig. 27. Preferably, the wire rope cables 46 are each comprised of stainless steel, or galvanized and stranded steel wire cable to resist corrosion due to their contact with the water ballast, and are preferably formed of 3/8 inch 7 X 19 strands, though alternative suitable cable strands may be used as well. By placing the cables 46 around the t-pin holes 124, dual fence posts are created on each side of the barrier module 110, with four cable lines 46 disposed in between, thereby forming an impenetrable cable fence in addition to the water ballast. It is noted that the wire cable loop ends are completely covered in plastic during the rotational g process, to prevent water leakage.

By placing the wire rope cable 46 and wrapping it around the t-pin hole 124, a high strength area in the ocking es is created. When the t—pin 126 is dropped into the hole 124, to t a series of barrier fence modules 110, it automatically becomes a steel post by default, since the wire rope cable modules 46 are already molded into the barrier modules. Since the loop of each cable end wraps around the t-pin in each e, the impacting vehicle will have to break the Wire rope cable 46, t-pin 126, and knuckle in order to break the barrier. Figs. 28-30 illustrate how the wire rope cables 46 wrap the T-pin holes 124.

The Wire rope cables 46 are an integral part of each barrier module 110, and cannot be inadvertently omitted or d once the part has been manufactured.

The current design uses up to four wire rope cables 46 per barrier module 110, as illustrated. This creates an eleven piece interlocking e section. More or fewer knuckles and wire rope cables maybe utilized, depending upon whether a lower or taller barrier is desired. The wire rope fence uction disclosed in connection with this second TL-2 or TL-3 embodiment can also be incorporated into the lower height r illustrated and described in Figs. 1-18. When large numbers of barrier modules are used to create a longitudinal barrier, a wire rope cable fence is formed, with a t-pin post, with the whole assembly being ballasted by water without seeing the cable fencing. Fig. 31 rates such a plurality of modules 110, interlocked together to form a barrier as just described. As illustrated, each barrier module is imately 2100 lb when filled with water.

As the barrier illustrated in Fig. 31 is impacted by a vehicle, the plastic begins to deform and break, the barrier wall in the impact zone begins to slide, further absorbing energy, water ballast is displaced, and water is dispersed while the wire rope cables 46 continue the work of absorbing the impact energy by pulling along the knuckles and placing the series of wire rope cables in tension within the impact zone. The entire area of impact immediately becomes a wire rope cable fence in tension, holding the impacting e on one side of the water ballasted r. Otherwise, the normal status of the barrier is for the wire rope cables 46 to be in a slack state. The excellent energy absorption of this system is enhanced by the ssive nature of the events that occur, in sequence, as described above, resulting in a progressive deceleration of the vehicle and full absorption of the impact energy with m harm to vehicle occupants and nearby vehicles, pedestrians, and structures.

With reference particularly to Figs. 32-34, an inventive embodiment of the drain aperture 39b will be more particularly bed. This particular feature is applicable to any of the above described embodiments of the invention. The aperture 39b is disposed within a recess 50 in a bottom portion of the barrier module 10. A closure or cap 52 is provided for closing and sealing the aperture 39b to prevent leakage of ballast from the r module 10. The closure 52 is secured in place by means of a series of buttress threads 54 (Figs. 33, 34). The buttress threads 54 are coarse and square cut, with flat edges 55, and advantageously function to create a hydraulic seal through the interference fit between the threads 54 on the aperture 39b and mating threads 56 on the closure 52. The closure 52 comprises, in the preferred embodiment, a plastic plug which is threaded into the barrier module outer wall 12 by means of the interengaging buttress threads 54, 56, as described above. A sealing washer on the plug 52 seats, in a flat profile, on the sealing surface on the r wall 12 once the threads are engaged and tightened.

This flat profile results in a lower chance of e, with no need to over-tighten the plug 52. Advantageously, the unique design results in a much reduced chance of cross-threading the plug when threading it into the wall, compared with prior art approaches, and it is much easier to start the thread of the plug into the barrier wall.

Because of the recess 50, the plug 52 is flush or even recessed relative to the wall, which reduces the chances of damage to the plug during use.

The thread 54 is uniquely cast-molded into the wall, which is lly roto- molded. Avoidance of spin-welding, which is a typical prior art technique for fabricating threads of this type in a roto-molded device, surprisingly greatly reduces the chance of damage to the r and closure due to cracking and stripping. ing now to Figs. 35-41, yet another modified embodiment of the present invention is rated, wherein like elements to those in the us embodiments are designated by like reference numerals, preceded by the numeral 2.

Thus, in Figs. 35 and 36 a barrier module 210 is shown, which is r in many ts to barrier module 110, but differs in ways that will be described herein.

The barrier module 210 comprises forklift and pallet jack lift points 239 disposed on a bottom edge of the module, as well as a second set of forklift lift points 239 disposed above the first set. A drain aperture 23% is ed between the two lower lift points 239. The drain aperture preferably employs the cap and buttress thread features illustrated and described in connection with Figs. 32—34. A fill aperture 239a is disposed on a top surface of the module, having a diameter, in one preferred embodiment, of approximately 8 inches. Advantageously, the fill aperture also comprises a lid 58, which is molded with fittings designed to ensure water- tight securement with an easy 1/4 turn of the lid. As illustrated, each barrier module weighs approximately 160 lb when empty, and approximately 2000 lb when filled with approximately 220 gallons of water. The module 210 is imately 72 inches in length ding the lugs), 46 inches in height, and 22 inches wide.

In the illustrated embodiment, the right side of each r module 210 preferably includes five lugs 218, while the left side comprises six lugs 218. These lugs are configured to be eaved when two adjacent barrier modules 210 are joined, as in the prior embodiments, so that the pin receiving holes 224 are aligned for receiving a T-pin 226. The T-pin 226 comprises a T-pin handle 60 at its upper end, and a keeper pin 62 able through a hole in its lower end, as illustrated in Fig. 36. To join the barrier modules 210 together, the T-pin 226 is inserted rdly through all of the aligned holes 224. Then, the keeper pin 62 is inserted through the hole in the lower end of the pin 226, to ensure that the T-pin cannot be inadvertently d. In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the T- pin is approximately 1 1/4".

Stacking lugs 64 are disposed on the top surface of each r module, and corresponding molded recesses 65 are disposed in the lower surface of the r module 210. Thus, as shown in Figs. 42 and 43, the barrier modules 210 may be stacked vertically, with the stacking lugs 64 on the lower barrier module 210 engaging with their counterpart stacking recesses 65 on the upper barrier module 210. Two barrier modules, stacked vertically, have a total height of approximately 87 inches, in one preferred ment.

One significant difference between the embodiment of Figs. 19—31 and the ment of Figs. 35-41 is the particular design of the sawtooth modules 240, 242, and 244. As is evident from inspection of the various figures, the latter embodiment retains substantially flat barrier side walls, with recesses into which the sawtooth modules extend, in an upward slanting direction, as shown. The resulting anti-climb on is similar to that of the Figs. 19-31 embodiment, but the manufacturing process is greatly simplified. In one preferred embodiment, the angle of slant of each sawtooth module is approximate 43 degrees.

Now, with reference particularly to Figs. 37—41 , details of the innovative wire rope cable system are illustrated. In this embodiment, an insertion sleeve or bushing 66 is molded into each lug or e 218, where a wire rope cable 246 is placed. The bushing 66 is preferably rical, and its interior diameter comprises the pin receiving hole 224 of the corresponding knuckle 218 in which the bushing is molded. The bushing 66 is preferably comprised of steel, though other suitable materials may be ed. As in prior embodiments, the wire rope cables ably comprise 3/8 inch 7 X 19 galvanized steel cable, though other suitable materials may also be utilized. Because ofthe advantageous molding techniques of the t invention, which causes the cable loops 248 to be completely encapsulated in molded plastic, ess steel cables need not be used. The inventors have found that galvanized braided carbon steel cable is stronger. Both 2O the bushing 66 and the cable 246 is preferably pped ized.

Each end of the steel cable 246 is extended around the bushing 66 to form eyelet or loop 248, and secured to the remaining cable 246 by a swage or clamp 68.

The bushing 66 is sized to allow it to be inserted into the mold prior to molding.

The assembly illustrated in Fig. 38 is then placed in the barrier module mold (not shown), together with the other similar assemblies, preferably four in total, as shown in Fig. 36, so that corresponding es 218 on each side ofthe barrier are tied together by a wire rope cable assembly 246. The cables are relatively taut when placed into the mold. When the rotational molding process is completed, including the cooling of the barrier module, the cables become slack. The amount of slack contributes to the effectiveness of the bushing-cable assembly during an impact by allowing the plastic and the water to absorb some of the impact energy before the cables are engaged. The bushing and a portion ofthe cable loop become encapsulated in c as a result of the molding process, forming an integrally molded-in, leak-proof connection.

In a preferred configuration, the bushing 66 comprises steps 70 at the top and bottom ends thereof. The bushing 66 is approximately 3 1/8" in , with a l 1/2" ID and a 1 3/4" OD. The steps 70 are preferably approximately 0.095 inches, and serve to create an edge for plastic to form an extra thick layer around the top and bottom sections of the bushing during the molding process. By creating the thicker plastic layer in these portions, the sleeve edge design inherently prevents water from leaking at these top and bottom edges. This thicker c layer prevents water seepage from ing between the steel and plastic mating surfaces. The entire ly of a wire rope cable 246 and, on each end, a clamped loop 248 and bushing 66 is approximately 77 1/2 " in length when taut, from the center of one bushing to the center of the other.

An actual vehicular impact produces the following energy absorbing actions: 1. One or more of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) r modules which are impacted, slide, deform from the impact, and finally burst; 2. The water in each burst section is released and dispersed over a wide area; 3. The cables 246 are engaged and prevent breaching or climbing by the impacting vehicle of the barrier; 4. Many modules 210 of the barrier remain assembled together, but are moved during the impact. They are either dragged closer to the point of impact if they are in n, or pushed away if they are in compression.

It should be noted that relatively few barrier modules 210 will burst, depending upon the severity ofthe impact. Many modules will move and will remain undamaged, with a few having minor leaks which are y repaired.

The bushing 66 serves several advantageous purposes. First, it is a significant contributor to the molding process, making it easier to manufacture and minimizes leaks when the barrier module 210 is completed during the molding process. Also, during impact, the bushing spreads the impact load that is transmitted from the steel cables 246 to the knuckles 218, and the load is further transferred to the connecting pin 226. This ensures that the assembled barrier, comprised of a plurality of modules which are joined together, as shown in Figs. 7, 8, 12, 13, 18, and 31, for example, will not be breached during an impact.

Moreover, the location of the cables 246 prevents a vehicle from climbing over the wall during an impact. Crash tests conducted on the inventive barrier system demonstrate that the cement of barrier walls formed of assembled barrier modules 210, upon vehicular , are displaced significantly less than is the case with ing prior art products. This is a considerable advantage, in that clear space required behind the r can be substantially less, meaning that less roadway area requires closure.

It will also be noted, from review of the figures, that the knuckles 218 of this modified embodiment are differently constructed than those illustrated in the prior embodiments. In ular, in the prior embodiments, the knuckles do not extend ntially the full width of the barrier module. Rather, the outside radius of each e meets a flat surface at the end of the barrier module, and the knuckle only extends about 3/4 of the full width of the end wall. The flat e then extends out to the outer profile of the module, creating the shape of the wall.

Under certain ions, this construction can cause tearing of the knuckles away from the end wall of the barrier module. Accordingly, the knuckles 218 in the embodiment of Figs. 35-41 are ed to extend substantially the entire width of the barrier module, as shown, so that the knuckle radius meets the outer, lengthwise walls of the barrier . This change surprisingly serves to cantly increase the strength of the walls of the barrier module.

Another modified embodiment of the inventive concept may comprise barrier modules 210, molded in 3 foot lengths, with lug connections and cables, as shown and discussed above, for the purpose of functioning as a barricade end treatment. In this embodiment, the T-pins 226 extend downwardly through the connection lugs 218 and bushings 66, to ground. Such a device comprises a non- gating device, because, with the cable connections, a vehicle cannot get through it.

This embodiment may comprise a cast "New Jersey" barrier wall, wherein one end is squared off. In this embodiment, female sockets are molded internally on the squared—off end, and sized the same as the male lugs on the other end, so that they fit together for reception of a drop or T—pin. This ment results in a flush connection between two adjoining barricade modules 210, which means there is no surface interruption and no relative rotation between those barrier modules. As noted above, the T-pin extends to ground, and into a hole drilled into the ground, so that there is no wall translation, thus ng the ting r.

It is noted that there is no requirement that the barrier module 210 be ted with water. Alternative ballasts, ularly if dispersible, may be 2O utilized. It is also within the scope of the invention, particularly if a particular module 210 is to be used as an end treatment, to fill the module with foam. The foam would be installed during the manufacturing s, and the fill and drain apertures could be eliminated. The cables 246 would still be used.

Now, with reference to Figs. 44-46, there is rated an array 72 of barrier modules, such as barrier modules 210 shown in Figs. 35-41, connected end-to—end, using pin and lug connections as has been described previously in connection with prior embodiments. However, this array 72 is an end treatment array. End treatment arrays are known in the prior art, and have been briefly discussed above, in conjunction with prior disclosed ments. The t of an end treatment or end ent array is to secure a crash attenuating device to the front end of a substantially immovable ure, such as a bridge abutment, pillar, or the like, so that an impacting vehicle, rather than crashing directly into the substantially immovable structure, will impact the end treatment array and "ride down" before reaching the immovable structure, thereby protecting the vehicle occupants from serious injury or death.

In the present invention, the end treatment array 72 comprises a plurality of barrier modules 210, secured to one another as shown, and as described above.

However, on each end of the array 72 is positioned a transition barrier module 74.

The transition barrier module 74 is illustrated more particularly in Figs. 47- 50 and 59-62, for example. In many respects, the transition barrier module 74 is constructed similarly to regular r modules 210, except that it is preferably differently colored, for ready identification. For example, in certain preferred embodiments, the tion barrier module 74 is yellow, while regular barrier modules 2l0 are orange and white. Additionally, because it is desired that the transition barrier module 74 always be empty, rather than filled with ballast, it may be constructed without a ballast fill hole, and may alternatively or additionally be constructed to have substantial (perhaps approximately l 1/2 inch diameter) holes near its base to ensure that the hollow barrier module 74 is never filled.

A very significant improvement in the ive end treatment array 72 is the employment of a containment impact sled 76, shown, for example, in Figs. 45 - 54. The containment impact sled 76 comprises a frame having side frame s 78, 80, each joined to opposing edges of a front cap 82 and a floor portion 84 (Fig. 52). The frame is preferably made of ized steel, having a steel tube frame and sheet metal construction, though other suitable structural materials may also be used.

The side frame members 78, 80 are each lly triangular in shape, each comprising, respectively, a bottom frame member 86, 88, extending lengthwise along the floor portion 84 from the front cap 82 to the opposing end of the floor portion 84, a cap end frame member 90, 92, and a top frame member 94, 96. The top frame member 94, 96 extends from an upper end of its respective cap end frame member 90, 92, and the front cap 82, rdly toward the opposing end of each tive bottom frame member 86, 88, as shown in the drawings.

Additional right frame brace members 98, 100 and left frame brace members 102, 104 are preferably employed to reinforce the strengthen the structural integrity of the containment impact sled 76.

Thus, the containment impact sled 76 is a longitudinal energy disperser which comprises a structure having a defined volume, supported by the floor portion 84 and contained by the side frames 78, 80 and front cap 82. The on of this volume, as will be described below, is to collect and contain debris resultant from the impact of a e with the barrier array 72, thus preventing that debris from flying about, striking adjacent people, es, and/or structures, or collecting underneath the impacting vehicle and causing that vehicle to ride up over that debris and flip over, or "vault“.

As illustrated in Figs. 45-50, for example, the containment impact sled 76 is configured to be attached to one end of a transition r module 74. Attachment is accomplished by sliding the transition barrier module 74 into the sled 76, so that the barrier module 74 rests on the floor 84 of the sled 76. The barrier module 74 may be oriented in either direction, so that either end, i.e. the end having five lugs 218 or the end having six lugs 218, faces the inside surface of the front cap 82.

This capability for dual orientation is shown, for example, in Figs. 47-48 and 58, where the six lug end is secured to the front cap, and in Figs. 49-50 and 57, where the five lug end is secured to the front cap.

Once in place, the barrier module 74 is oriented so that a pin hole 106 in the front cap 82 is d with the pin holes 224 in each respective lug 218, as shown.

A t-pin 108, as shown in Figs. 55 and 56, is then disposed through the hole 106 and each lug hole 224 to secure the sled 76 to the r module 74.

As noted above in connection with Figs. 44-46, depicting the end treatment array 72, in addition to the end of the array 72 which includes the sled 76, there is a second transition barrier module 74 at the ng end of the array, for the purpose of securing the array 72 to a fixed structural member which the array is positioned to shield from an ing vehicle, such as a bridge abutment or the like. As is the case with the first transition barrier module 74, one end of this second transition barrier module is secured to an opposing end of a r barrier module 210, as shown. However, the opposing end of this second transition barrier module 74 is fitted with end treatment hardware 410, which is shown as a set in Figs. 63 and 64.

This hardware 410 comprises a left panel 412, a right panel 414, a frame 416, a long pin 418, two short pins 420, and a cap panel 422 (Fig. 60).

As shown in Figs. 59-63, the end treatment hardware 410 is assembled to the end of the second barrier module 74. Specifically, the frame 416 comprises horizontal members 424 secured at either end to short vertical hollow hinge posts 426. The horizontal cross—members 424 each include a pin hole 428. The frame 416 is assembled to the left and right panels 412, 414, respectively, by assembling the short vertical hollow hinge posts 426 to eave with t vertical hollow hinge posts 430 disposed on each of the left and right panels 412, 414, respectively, so that they are aligned. The short pins 420 are then inserted through each of the short vertical hollow hinge posts 426 and 43 0, as shown in Fig. 63, to thereby secure the frame 416 to each of the left and right panels 412 and 414.

The securement method is such that the panels 412, 414 are pivotable relative to the frame 416, about the axis of each short pin 420.

As shown in the Figures, at the same time the frame 416 is situated so that the pin holes 428 in each horizontal cross-member 424 of the frame 416 are interleaved with, and aligned with the pin holes in the lugs 218 of the barrier module 74. As shown, the end treatment hardware 410 can be adapted to fit to either the six-lug or five-lug end of the barrier module 74 by riately positioning the frame relative to the lugs. Once the holes in the lugs and in the frame cross—members 424 are aligned, the long pin 418 may be inserted through those aligned holes to join the hardware 410 to the barrier module 74.

As shown in Figs. 59-62, the cap panel 422 may be secured with the frame . 416 to the barrier module.

A significant advantage ofthe hardware system 410 is that, because of the hinged left and right panels 412, 414, the r module 74 may be d to structures of differing sizes. To complete this attachment, the panels 412, 414 are pivoted until the extend rearwardly along the opposed sides of the abutment or other structure, at which time le fastening hardware 432 is inserted through the respective holes 434 in each panel to secure the panels respectively to each side of the abutment.

In operation, when the end treatment array 72 is impacted by a vehicle, the empty forward barrier module 74 quickly crumples from the . The sled, joined to this module as described above, moves rearwardly as the module 74 crumples, scooping up and containing the debris within its volume onto its deck, thus ting that debris from getting loose and potentially vaulting the vehicle.

As the ensuing ballasted modules 210 deform, rupture, and release their ballast, the sled moves rdly into the array, scooping up additional deformed and ruptured modules and continuing to contain debris until the vehicle is safely stopped. The inventive system functions as a non-redirective, gating, crash cushion.

Accordingly, gh an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it is to be understood that all the terms used herein are descriptive rather than limiting, and that many changes, modifications, and substitutions may be made by one having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I

Claims (31)

/WE CLAIM:

1. An end treatment array for attenuating the forces generated by a vehicular impact, comprising: a transition r module comprising first and second side walls, first and second end walls, a top wall, and a bottom wall, the module walls er defining a substantially enclosed interior space, the transition barrier module having a predetermined width and length; and a containment impact sled comprising an axially extending frame, said frame having a width sufficient to contain the transition barrier module within said frame when in an assembled configuration, and having an axial length which is at least onehalf the length of said transition r module, the frame having an open end and an end cap or upright wall closing the other end thereof and defining an interior volume d to capture debris during a vehicular impact; wherein the end cap or upright wall of the containment impact sled is attached to one end of the transition barrier module in said assembled configuration, so that the transition r module is disposed in said interior volume.

2. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 1, wherein the transition barrier module is fabricated of plastic and the interior space is hollow and unfilled with any ting material.

3. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 1, wherein the containment impact sled further comprises a floor.

4. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 1, wherein the containment impact sled frame comprises a first side frame member attached to one side of said floor and t wall and a second side frame member attached to an opposing side of said floor and said end cap or upright wall.

5. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 4, n each of said side frame members comprise a bottom frame member and a top frame member, wherein the bottom frame member is disposed substantially horizontally, and the top frame member s downwardly at an angle from its frontmost end to its rearmost end, with the frontmost end of the top frame member being connected to said upright wall near a top AH26(9443543_1):DJM of said upright wall and the rearmost end of the top frame member being ted to a rearmost end of the bottom frame member near ground level, such that each side frame member is triangular in shape.

6. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 1, and further comprising: apertures in each of said transition barrier module and said sled which are aligned when the transition barrier module and the sled are in said assembled configuration; and a pin extending h said aligned apertures in said assembled configuration to attach the transition barrier module to the sled.

7. The end ent array as recited in Claim 6, wherein the transition barrier module comprises a plurality of ally spaced lugs on the first end wall, each of said lugs having one of said apertures therein for receiving said pin.

8. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 6, wherein one of said apertures is disposed in the end cap or upright wall of the sled.

9. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 1, wherein the transition barrier module comprises holes in a lower end thereof to prevent the containment of ballasting material in said interior space.

10. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 7, and further comprising a plurality of vertically spaced lugs on the second transition barrier module end wall, for attaching the transition barrier module to a first end of an adjacent barrier module.

11. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 10, wherein said nt barrier module is also a transition r module, constructed similarly to the first transition barrier module, and is also unfilled with ballasting material.

12. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 1, and further comprising a barrier module ted at a first end to the transition barrier module which is filled with a ballasting al. AH26(9443543_1):DJM

13. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 12, wherein the ballasting al comprises water.

14. The end treatment array as d in Claim 12, and further comprising a second tion barrier module connected at a first end thereof to a second end of the barrier module, the second transition barrier module being constructed substantially similarly to the first transition barrier module and being unfilled with ballasting material.

15. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 14, and further comprising end treatment hardware for attaching a second end of the second transition barrier module to a fixed structure.

16. The end treatment array as d in Claim 14, wherein said end treatment re comprises a frame which is securable to the second end of the second transition barrier module.

17. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 16, wherein the frame is comprised of metal.

18. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 17, wherein the frame ses a plurality of vertically spaced horizontal cross members, each of which has an aperture in a middle portion thereof for receiving a pin, wherein in an assembled state the apertures are d.

19. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 12, n the transition barrier module and the ballast-filled barrier module are differently colored.

20. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 18, the end treatment hardware further comprising: first and second hinge posts disposed at opposing ends of each of the assembled vertically spaced horizontal cross members; a first hinge pin; a second hinge pin; a left panel; and a right panel; AH26(9443543_1):DJM n the left panel is pivotally ble to aligned first hinge posts using said first hinge pin and the right panel is pivotally securable to aligned second hinge posts using said second hinge pin, so that the left and right panels can be rotated to extend along a length of said fixed structure.

21. The end ent array as recited in Claim 20, wherein each of said left and right panels have apertures therein for ing hardware to secure each panel to said fixed structure.

22. The end treatment array as recited in Claim 20, and further comprising a pin for insertion into the aligned res on each of said plurality of vertically spaced horizontal cross members.

23. A containment impact sled for use in an end treatment array for attenuating the forces generated by a vehicular impact, the containment impact sled comprising: a frame extending in an axial direction and comprising: a first side frame member; a second side frame member spaced from the first side frame member; and an end frame member extending across a width of the frame and securing the first side frame member to the second side frame member, said frame having an open end and an end cap or upright wall attached to a front end of the end frame member and closing the front end of the frame and the frame members together defining an interior space adapted to capture debris during a vehicular impact; n the containment impact sled is adapted for attachment to one end of an adjacent barrier module in an assembled end treatment array in such a manner as to contain a substantial portion of said adjacent r module within said interior space when the end treatment array is led.

24. The containment impact sled as recited in Claim 23, wherein said frame r comprises a floor attached to and extending between each of said side frame members and said end frame member.

25. The containment impact sled as recited in Claim 23, wherein each of said side frame members comprise a bottom frame member and a top frame member, wherein the bottom frame member is disposed substantially horizontally, and the top frame member AH26(9443543_1):DJM s rdly at an angle from its frontmost end to its rearmost end, with the ost end of the top frame member being connected to said end frame member near a top of said end frame member and the rearmost end of the top frame member being connected to a rearmost end of the bottom frame member near ground level, such that each side frame member is triangular in shape.

26. The containment impact sled as recited in Claim 23, and further comprising an re in said upright wall for attaching the containment impact sled to an nt barrier module.

27. The containment impact sled as recited in Claim 23, wherein the frame is comprised of metal.

28. A method of assembling an end treatment array for ting a fixed structure from an impact by a passing vehicle, the method comprising: ng a plurality of ballast-filled hollow plastic barrier modules together in an axial array; securing one end of a transition barrier module to one end of the array of ballastfilled hollow plastic barrier modules, the transition barrier module being unfilled with ballasting material; and securing a containment impact sled to the other end of the transition barrier module, wherein the containment impact sled comprises a frame having an open end and an end cap or upright wall closing the other end thereof and defining an or space adapted to capture debris during a vehicular impact; the securing step including disposing the end cap or upright wall of the frame about one end of the transition barrier module so that a substantial portion of the transition barrier module is contained within the interior space.

29. The method as recited in Claim 28, wherein the securing step r comprising inserting a pin through aligned holes in both the containment impact sled and the transition barrier module.

30. The method as recited in Claim 28, and further comprising a step of securing a second transition barrier module to a second end of the axial array of t-filled AH26(9443543_1):DJM barrier modules, wherein the second transition barrier module is unfilled with ballasting material.

31. The method as recited in Claim 30, and further comprising a step of ng the second transition barrier module to the fixed ure, using end treatment re comprising metal cross-members attached to the second transition barrier module and metal plates pivotally mounted to the metal cross- members. TrafFix Devices, Inc. By the Attorneys for the Applicant SPRUSON & FERGUSON Per: AH26(9443543_1):DJM