NZ613709B2 - Chroman-spirocyclic piperidine amides as modulators of ion channels - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are (aryl)(spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone derivatives and analogues as represented by the general formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: W is N or CR1, or one W is a bond and the remaining W are N, NR1, or CR1, wherein up to two W are N or NR1; a dashed circle denotes aromaticity or heteroaromaticity; R1 is H, a fully saturated alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, CN, SO2R7, SR7, SOR7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, a fully saturated straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl, and wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, or CF2; R2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halo, CN, OR7a, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, SO2R7, SR7, SOR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, CH2OCHF2, CH2OCH2CHF2, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl, and wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, SO2 or NR7, with the proviso that R2 is not OH; R3 is alkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced by O, NR8, S, SO, SO2, or 2 occurrences of R3 taken together form a cycloalkyl group; R7 is H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or cycloalkyl; R7a is alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or cycloalkyl; R8 is H, CF3, CO2R7, OH, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, N(R7)2, NR7COR7, CON(R7)2, CN, or SO2R7, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl; A is aryl or heteroaryl wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl; X is O, S, or SO; n is an integer from 1 to 4 inclusive; and o is an integer from 0 to 4 inclusive; wherein, unless specified otherwise, the alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl and alkoxy groups include a completely saturated carbon chain or an aliphatic carbon chain containing one or more units of unsaturation. Representative compounds include (4-isopropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(4-isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (4-isopropylsulfonyl-2-methylphenyl)(6-fluoro-4-ethoxy-spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-phenyl-spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3-methylphenyl)(6-cyano-4-isopropoxy-spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (4-isopropoxy-3-methylphenyl)(spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (4-isopropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(4-(methylthiomethyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, etc. etc.. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for the treating or lessening the severity of the pain in a subject afflicted with acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpatic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy or epilepsy conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression, dipolar disorder, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, osteoarthritis pain, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, nociceptive pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain, cancer pain, stroke, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stress- or exercise induced angina, palpitations, hypertension, migraine, or abormal gastro-intestinal motility. a dashed circle denotes aromaticity or heteroaromaticity; R1 is H, a fully saturated alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, CN, SO2R7, SR7, SOR7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, a fully saturated straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl, and wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, or CF2; R2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halo, CN, OR7a, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, SO2R7, SR7, SOR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, CH2OCHF2, CH2OCH2CHF2, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl, and wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, SO2 or NR7, with the proviso that R2 is not OH; R3 is alkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced by O, NR8, S, SO, SO2, or 2 occurrences of R3 taken together form a cycloalkyl group; R7 is H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or cycloalkyl; R7a is alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or cycloalkyl; R8 is H, CF3, CO2R7, OH, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, N(R7)2, NR7COR7, CON(R7)2, CN, or SO2R7, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl; A is aryl or heteroaryl wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl; X is O, S, or SO; n is an integer from 1 to 4 inclusive; and o is an integer from 0 to 4 inclusive; wherein, unless specified otherwise, the alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl and alkoxy groups include a completely saturated carbon chain or an aliphatic carbon chain containing one or more units of unsaturation. Representative compounds include (4-isopropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(4-isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (4-isopropylsulfonyl-2-methylphenyl)(6-fluoro-4-ethoxy-spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-phenyl-spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3-methylphenyl)(6-cyano-4-isopropoxy-spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (4-isopropoxy-3-methylphenyl)(spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, (4-isopropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(4-(methylthiomethyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone, etc. etc.. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for the treating or lessening the severity of the pain in a subject afflicted with acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpatic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy or epilepsy conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression, dipolar disorder, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, osteoarthritis pain, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, nociceptive pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain, cancer pain, stroke, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stress- or exercise induced angina, palpitations, hypertension, migraine, or abormal gastro-intestinal motility.

Description

CHROMAN-SPIROCYCLIC PIPERIDINE AMIDES AS MODULATORS OF ION CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to United States provisional patent application serial s 61/444,250, filed February 18, 201 l, and 61/540,121, filed September 28, 2011, the entire ts of all applications are incorporated herein by nce.

CAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The ion relates to compounds useful as tors of ion channels.

The invention also es pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various disorders.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Pain is a protective mechanism that allows healthy animals to avoid tissue damage and to prevent further damage to injured tissue. Nonetheless there are many conditions where pain persists beyond its usefillness, or where patients would benefit from inhibition of pain. Voltage-gated sodium channels are believed to play a critical role in pain signaling. This belief is based on the known roles of these channels in normal physiology, 2O pathological states arising from mutations in sodium channel genes, preclinical work in animal models of disease, and the clinical usefulness of known sodium channel modulating agents (Cummins, T. R., , P. L., and Waxman, S. G., The roles of sodium channels in nociception: Implications for mechanisms of pain. Pain 131 (3), 243 (2007); England, S., Voltage-gated sodium channels: the search for subtype-selective analgesics. Expert Opin Inveslig Drugs 17 (12), 1849 (2008); Krafte, D. S. and Bannon, A. W., Sodium channels and ption: recent concepts and therapeutic opportunities. Curr Opin Pharmacol 8 (l), 50 (2008)).

W0 2012/1 12743 143 90-3 5 Voltage-gated sodium channels ) are key biological mediators of electrical signaling. NaV’s are the primary mediators of the rapid upstroke of the action potential of many excitable cell types (e. g. neurons, skeletal myocytes, cardiac myocytes), and thus are critical for the initiation of signaling in those cells , Bertil, Ion Channels ofExcz'tabZe Membranes, Third ed. (Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA, 2001)). Because of the role NaV’s play in the initiation and propagation of neuronal signals, antagonists that reduce NaV currents can prevent or reduce neural signaling. Thus NaV channels are considered likely targets in pathologic states where reduced excitability is predicted to alleviate the clinical symptoms, such as pain, epilepsy, and some cardiac hmias (Chahine, M., Chatelier, A., Babich, 0., and Krupp, J. J., Voltage-gated sodium channels in neurological disorders. CNS Neural Disord Drug s 7 (2), 144 ).

The NaV’s form a subfamily of the voltage-gated ion l super-family and ses 9 isoforms, designated NaV 1.1 — NaV 1.9. The tissue localizations of the nine isoforms vary greatly. NaV 1.4 is the primary sodium channel of skeletal muscle, and NaV 1.5 is y sodium channel of cardiac myocytes. NaV’s 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9 are primarily localized to the peripheral nervous system, while NaV’s 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 16 are neuronal channels found in both the central and eral s systems. The fiinctional behaviors of the nine isoforms are similar but distinct in the specifics of their voltage—dependent and kinetic behavior (Catterall, W. A., Goldin, A. L., and Waxman, S. G., International Union of Pharmacology. XLVII.

Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated sodium channels.

Pharmacol Rev 57 (4), 397 (2005)).

NaV ls have been fied as the primary target for some ally useful pharmaceutical agents that reduce pain (Cummins, T. R., Sheets, P. L, and Waxman, S. G, The roles of sodium channels in nociception: Implications for mechanisms of pain. Pain 131 (3), 243 (2007)). The local anesthetic drugs such as lidocaine block pain by inhibiting NaV channels.

These compounds provide excellent local pain reduction but sufi‘er the drawback of abolishing normal acute pain and sensory inputs. Systemic administration ofthese compounds s in dose limiting side effects that are generally ascribed to block of neural channels in the CNS (nausea, sedation, confusion, ataxia). Cardiac side effects can also occur, and indeed these compounds are also used as class 1 anti-arrhythmics, presumably due to block ofNaV] .5 WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 14390-35 channels in the heart. Other compounds that have proven effective at reducing pain have also been suggested to act by sodium channel blockade ing carbamazepine, lamotragine, and tricyclic pressants palm, B., Anticonvulsants: s of their mechanisms of action.

Eur JPain 6 Suppl A, 3 (2002); Wang, G. K., Mitchell, 1., and Wang, S. Y., Block of tent late Na+ currents by antidepressant sertraline and paroxetine. JMembr Biol 222 (2), 79 (2008)). These compounds are likewise dose limited by adverse efiects similar to those seen with the local anesthetics. Antagonists that specifically block only the isoform(s) critical for nocioception are expected to have increased efficacy since the reduction of adverse effects caused by block of off-target channels should enable higher dosing and thus more complete block of target channels isoforms.

Four NaV isoforms, NaV 1.3, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9, have been specifically indicated as likely pain targets. NaV 1.3 is ly found in the pain sensing s of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) only early in development and is lost soon after birth both in humans and in rodents. Nonetheless, nerve damaging injuries have been found to result in a return of the NaV 1.3 channels to DRG neurons and this may contribute to the abnormal pain signaling in various c pain conditions resulting from nerve damage (neuropathic pain). These data have led to the suggestion that pharmaceutical block of NaV 13 could be an effective treatment for neuropathic pain. In opposition to this idea, global genetic knockout ofNaV 1.3 in mice does not prevent the development of allodynia in mouse models of neuropathic pain (Nassar, M. A. et a1, Nerve injury induces robust allodynia and ectopic discharges in NaV 1.3 null mutant mice.

M01 Pain 2, 33 (2006)). It remains unknown whether compensatory changes in other channels allow for normal athic pain in NaV 1.3 knockout mice, though it has been reported that knockout ofNaV 1.1 s in drastic upregulation ofNaV 1.3. The converse effect in NaV 1.3 knockouts might explain these results.

[0008] NaV 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 are highly expressed in DRG neurons, including the neurons whose axons make up the C-fibers and A5 nerve fibers that are believed to carry most pain signals from the nocioceptive terminals to the central nervous. Like NaV 1.3, NaV 1.7 expression increases after nerve injury and may contribute to neuropathic pain states. The localization ofNaV 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 in nocioceptors led to the hypothesis that reducing the W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 14390-35 sodium currents through these channels might alleviate pain. Indeed, specific entions that reduce the levels of these channels have proven effective in animal models of pain.

Specific reduction ofNaV 1.7 in rodents by multiple different techniques has resulted in the reduction of able pain ors in model animals. Injection of a viral nse NaV 1.7 cDNA construct greatly reduces normal pain responses due to inflammation or mechanical injury (Yeomans, D. C, et al., Decrease in inflammatory lgesia by herpes vector-mediated knockdown ofNaV 1.7 sodium channels in primary afferents. Hum Gene Ther 16 (2), 271 (2005)). Likewise, a genetic knockout ofNaV 1.7 in a subset of nociceptor neurons reduced acute and inflammatory pain in mouse models r, M. A. et al., Nociceptor-specific gene deletion reveals a major role for NaV 1.7 (PNl) in acute and inflammatory pain. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 101 (34), 12706 ). Global knockouts ofNaV 1.7 in mice lead to s that die on the first day after birth. These mice fail to feed and this is the presumed cause of death.

Treatments that specifically reduce NaV 1.8 channels in rodent models effectively reduce pain sensitivity. Knockdown ofNaV 1.8 in rats by intrathecal injection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides reduces neuropathic pain behaviors, while leaving acute pain ion intact (Lai, J. et al., Inhibition of athic pain by decreased expression of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel, NaV1.8. Pain 95 (1-2), 143 (2002); Porreca, F. et al., A comparison ofthe ial role of the tetrodotoxin~insensitive sodium channels, PN3/SNS and NaN/SNSZ, in rat models of chronic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA 96 (14), 7640 (1999)).

Global genetic knockout ofNaV 1.8 in mice or specific destruction ofNaV 1.8 expressing neurons greatly reduces perception of acute mechanical, inflammatory, and visceral pain (Akopian, A. N. et al., The tetrodotoxin—resistant sodium channel SNS has a specialized function in pain pathways. Naz Neuroscz’ 2 (6), 541 (1999); Abrahamsen, B. et al., The cell and molecular basis of ical, cold, and inflammatory pain. Science 321 (5889), 702 (2008); Laird, J. M., Souslova, V., Wood, J. N., and Cervero, F, Deficits in visceral pain and referred hyperalgesia in NaV 1.8 (SNS/PN3)-null mice. JNeurosci 22 (19), 8352 (2002)). In contrast to the antisense experiments in rats, genetic knockout mice appear to develop neuropathic pain behaviors normally after nerve injury (Lai, J. et al., Inhibition of athic pain by decreased expression of the tetrodotoxin—resistant sodium channel, . Pain 95 (1-2), 143 (2002); WO 12743 14390-35 Akopian, A. N. et al., The tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel SNS has a specialized fianction in pain pathways. Nat ci 2 (6), 541 ; Abrahamsen, B. et al., The cell and molecular basis of mechanical, cold, and inflammatory pain. Science 321 (5889), 702 (2008); Laird, J. M., Souslova, V., Wood, J. N., and Cervero, F., Deficits in visceral pain and referred lgesia in NaV 1.8 (SNS/PN3)-null mice. J Neurosci 22 (19), 8352 (2002)).

NaV 1.9 global knock out mice have decreased sensitivity to ation induced pain, despite normal acute, and neuropathic pain behaviors (Amaya, F. et al., The voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.9 is an efl‘ector of peripheral inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. JNeurosci 26 (50), 12852 (2006); Priest, B. T. et a1, Contribution of the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.9 to y transmission and nociceptive behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA 102 (26), 9382 (2005)). Spinal knockdown of NaV 19 had no apparent effect on pain behavior in rats (Porreca, F. et al., A comparison of the potential role of the tetrodotoxin—insensitive sodium channels, PN3/SNS and NaN/SNSZ, in rat models of chronic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA 96 (14), 7640 (1999)).

[0012] The understanding of the role ofNaV channels in human physiology and pathology has been greatly advanced by the discovery and analysis of naturally occurring human mutations. NaV 1.1 and NaV 1.2 mutations result in various forms of epilepsy (Fujiwara, T., al spectrum of mutations in SCNlA gene: severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy and related epilepsies. Epilepsy Res 70 Suppl 1, S223 (2006); George, A. L, Jr., ted disorders of e-gated sodium channels. J Clin Invest 115 (8), 1990 (2005); Misra, S. N., Kahlig, K. M., and George, A. L., Jr, Impaired NaV1.2 function and reduced cell surface expression in benign familial neonatal-infantile es. Epilepsia 49 (9), 1535 (2008)). Mutations of the NaV 1.4 cause muscular disorders like paramyotonia congenital (Vicart, S., Sternberg, D., Fontaine, B., and Meola, G., Human skeletal muscle sodium lopathies. Neurol Sci 26 (4), 194 (2005)).

NaV 1.5 mutations result in cardiac abnormalities like Brugada Syndrome and long QT syndrome (Bennett, P. B., Yazawa, K., Makita, N., and George, A. L., Jr, lar mechanism for an inherited c arrhythmia. Nature 376 (6542), 683 (1995); Darbar, D. et al, Cardiac sodium channel (SCNS A) variants associated with atrial fibrillation. Circulation PCT/U82012/025374 14390-35 117 (15), 1927 (2008); Wang, Q. et al., SCNSA mutations associated with an ted c arrhythmia, long QT syndrome. Cell 80 (5), 805 (1995)).

Recent discoveries have demonstrated that mutations in the gene that encodes the NaV 1.7 channel (SCN9A) can cause both enhanced and reduced pain syndromes. Work by Waxman’s group and others have fied at least 15 mutations that result in enhanced current through NaV 1.7 and are linked to nt congenital pain syndromes. Mutations that lower the threshold for NaV 1.7 tion cause ted erythrornelalgia (IBM). IBM patients exhibit abnormal burning pain in their extremities. Mutations that interfere with the normal inactivation properties ofNaV 1.7 lead to prolonged sodium currents and cause paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD). PEPD patients exhibit periocular, perimandibular, and rectal pain symptoms that progresses throughout life (Drenth, J. P. et al., SCN9A mutations define y erythermalgia as a neuropathic disorder of voltage gated sodium channels. J Invest ol 124 (6), 1333 (2005); Estacion, M. et al., NaV 1.7 gain-of—function mutations as a continuum: A1632E displays physiological s associated with erythromelalgia and smal extreme pain disorder mutations and produces symptoms of both disorders. J Neurosci 28 (43), 11079 (2008)).

NaV 1.7 null mutations in human patients were recently described by several groups (Ahmad, S. et al, A stop codon mutation in SCN9A causes lack of pain sensation. Hum M01 Genet 16 (17), 2114 (2007); Cox, J. J. et al., An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature 444 (7121), 894 (2006); Goldberg, Y. P. et al., Loss-of— fimction mutations in the NaV 1.7 gene underlie congenital erence to pain in multiple human populations. Clin Genet 71 (4), 311 (2007)). In all cases patients exhibit congenital indifference to pain. These ts report no pain under any circumstances. Many of these patients sufi‘er dire injuries early in ood since they do not have the protective, normal pain that helps to prevent tissue damage and develop appropriate protective ors. Aside from the striking loss of pain sensation and reduced or absent of smell (Goldberg, Y. P. et al, Loss- of-function mutations in the NaV 1.7 gene underlie congenital indifference to pain in multiple human populations. Clin Genet 71 (4), 311 (2007)), these patients appear completely normal.

Despite the normally high expression ofNaV 1.7 in sympathetic neurons (Toledo—Aral, J. J. et al., Identification of PNI, a predominant voltage—dependent sodium channel expressed W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 principally in peripheral neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A 94 (4), 1527 (1997)) and adrenal chromatin cells (Klugbauer, N., Lacinova, L., rzi, V., and Hofmann, F Structure and functional expression ofa new member of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-activated sodium channel family from human neuroendocrine cells. EMBO J 14 (6), 1084 (1995)), these NaV 1.7- null patients show no sign of neuroendocrine or sympathetic nervous ction.

The gain ofNaV 17 function mutations that cause pain, coupled with the loss ofNaV 1.7 function mutations that abolish pain, provide strong evidence that NaV 1.7 plays an important role in human pain ing. The relative good health ofNaV 1.7-null patients indicates that ablation ofNaV 1.7 is well tolerated in these patients.

[0016] Unfortunately, the efficacy of currently used sodium channel blockers for the disease states described above has been to a large extent limited by a number of side effects.

These side s include various CNS disturbances such as blurred vision, dizziness, nausea, and sedation as well more potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac failure.

Accordingly, there s a need to develop additional Na channel antagonists, ably those with higher potency and fewer side effects.

SUMNIARY OF THE INVENTION It has now been found that compounds of this invention, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, are usefiil as inhibitors of e—gated sodium channels.

These compounds have the general formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

These compounds and ceutically acceptable compositions are usefiil for treating or lessening the ty of a variety of diseases, disorders, or conditions, including, but not limited to, acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, l neuralgias, epilepsy or epilepsy conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement ers, neuroendocrine disorders, , multiple sclerosis, ble bowel syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, osteoarthritis pain, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, nociceptive pain, breakthrough pain, rgical pain, or cancer pain.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, independently for each occurrence: W is N or CR1, or 1 W is a bond and the remaining W are N, NR1, or CR1, wherein up to 2 W are N or NR1; a dashed circle denotes aromaticity or heteroarornaticity; R1 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, NR7802R7, , SR7, SOR7, NR7COR7, NR7COZR7, )2, SOzN(R7)2, cm, OCF3, OCHFz, an ally substituted al'yl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, or a straight chain or branched (Cl-C8)-R8, or cyclic (C3-C8)—R8, wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, SOZ, CFZ, or NR7; R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 , halo, CN, OR7a, N(R7)2, R7, SO2R7, SR7, SOR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, CH2OCHF2, CH2OCH2CHF2, an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, or a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, SO2 or NR7; R3 is C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl, wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced by O, NR8, S, SO, SO2, or 2 occurrences of R3 taken together form a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group; R7 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkyl; R7a is C1-C6 alkyl or fluoroalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkyl, R8 is H, CF3, CO2R7, OH, an ally tuted aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, N(R7)2, 7, CON(R7)2, CN, or SO2R7; A is optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl; X is O, S, or SO; n is an integer from 1 to 4 inclusive; and o is an integer from 0 to 4 inclusive. [0019a] In another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula I: W W (R2)n (R3)o I (followed by page 9a) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, independently for each occurrence: W is N or CR1, or 1 W is a bond and the remaining W are N, NR1, or CR1, n up to 2 W are N or NR1; a dashed line or circle s unsaturation; R’ is H, C1—C6 alkyl, or an ally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; R1 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, NR7SO2R7, SO2R7, SR7, SOR7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCFg, OCHF2, an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1- C8)-R8 wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, S02, CF2, or NR7; R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, $02117, SR7, SOR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, cm, 0013,, OCHF2, CH2OCHF2, CH2OCH2CHF2, an ally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)-R8 wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, $02 or NR7; R3 is Cl-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 lkyl, wherein up to two CH2 units may be ed by O, NR8, S, SO, 802, or 2 occurrences of R3 taken together form a C3—C8 cycloalkyl grouro; R7 is H, Cl—C6 alkyl or fluoroalkyl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, or 2 R7 taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring; R8 is H, CF3, CO2R7, OH, an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, N(R7)2, NR7COR7, CON(R7)2, CN, or SO2R7; A is aryl, aryl or heterocyclic; X is O, S, SO, or $02; 11 is an r from 0 to 4 inclusive; and o is an integer from 0 to 4 inclusive; provided that: a) when R2 is OH, another R2 is not C1-C6 alkyl; b) the following compounds are excluded: (followed by page 10) PCT/U52012/025374 14390-3 5 N N N N CFs, CFs, HO OH, , N N For purposes ofthis invention, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, ok of Chemistry and Physics, 75‘“ Ed. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry are described in "Organic Chemistry", Thomas Sorrell, University e Books, Sausalito: 1999, and ”March’s Advanced c Chemistry", 5th Ed, Ed: Smith, MB. and March, J., John Wiley & Sons, New York: 2001, the entire ts ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference.

As described herein, compounds ofthe invention can optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated lly above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species ofthe invention. The phrase “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted.” As described herein, the les Rl-R8 in formula I encompass specific , such as, for example, alkyl and aryl.

Unless otherwise noted, each of the specific groups for the variables Rl-R8 can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, W0 2012/112743 143 90-3 5 aryl, kyl, and alkyl. For instance, an alkyl group can be optionally tuted with one or more of halo, cyano, oxy, y, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl. As an additional example, an aryl group can be optionally tuted with one or more of halo, cyano, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, haloalkyl, and alkyl. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, ations of substituents envisioned by this invention are those combinations that result in the formation of stable or ally feasible compounds. The term "stable", as used herein, refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and preferably their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one that is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature of40°C or less, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week. When two alkoxy groups are bound to the same atom or adjacent atoms, the two alkoxy groups can form a ring together with the atom(s) to which they are bound In general, the term ituted,” r ed by the term “optionally” or not, refers to the replacement of hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent. Specific substituents are described above in the definitions and below in the description of compounds and examples thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group can have a substituent at each substitutable position ofthe group, and when more than one position in any given ure can be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent can be either the same or different at every position. A ring substituent, such as a heterocycloalkyl, can be bound to another ring, such as a cycloalkyl, to form a spiro-bicyclic ring , e. g, both rings share one common atom. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are those combinations that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.

The phrase "up to", as used herein, refers to zero or any integer number that is equal or less than the number following the phrase. For example, "up to 3” means any one of O, l, 2, and 3.

The term ”aliphatic", "aliphatic group" or "alkyl" as used herein, means a W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 straight—chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation. Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-20 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, tic groups n 1—10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-8 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodi ments tic groups contain 1—4 aliphatic carbon atoms. Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups. The term "cycloaliphatic" or “cycloalkyl” mean a monocyclic hydrocarbon, bicyclic, or tricyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic and has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule. In some ments, "cycloaliphatic" refers to a monocyclic C3—C8 hydrocarbon or bicyclic C8-Clz hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that ns one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest ofthe molecule wherein any individual ring in said bicyclic ring system has 3-7 members.

The term “electron withdrawing group”, as used herein means an atom or a group that is electronegative relative to hydrogen. See, e.g., ced Organic Chemistry: ons, Mechanisms, and Structure,” Jerry March, 4th Ed, John Wiley & Sons (1992), e, g, pp. 14-16, 18—19, etc. Exemplary such substituents include halo such as Cl, Br, or F, CN, COOH, CF3, etc.

Unless otherwise specified, the term ”heterocycle", "heterocyclyl", "heterocycloaliphatic", "heterocycloalkyl" or "heterocyclic" as used herein means non-aromatic, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring systems in which one or more ring atoms in one or more ring s is an independently selected heteroatom. Heterocyclic ring can be saturated or can contain one or more rated bonds. In some embodiments, the "heterocycle", "heterocyclyl", "heterocycloaliphatic", "heterocycloalkyl”or "heterocyclic" group has three to fourteen ring members in which one or more ring members is a heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, SLIlfilI', nitrogen, or phosphorus, and each ring in the ring system contains 3 to 7 ring members.

W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 143 90-3 5 The term ”heteroatom" means oxygen, sulfur, en, phosphorus, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the nized form of any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for e N (as in 3,4—dihydro-2H—pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR+ (as in N—substituted idinyl)).

[0028] The term "unsaturated”, as used herein, means that a moiety has one or more units ofunsaturation but is not aromatic.

The term "alkoxy", or "thioalkyl", as used herein, refers to an alkyl group, as usly defined, attached to the principal carbon chain h an oxygen ("alkoxy") or sulfiir ("thioalkyl") atom.

[0030] The term "aryl" used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in "aralky ", "aralkoxy", or "aryloxyalkyl", refers to clic, bicyclic, and tricyclic ring systems having a total offive to fourteen ring carbon atoms, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms. The term "aryl" may be used interchangeably with the term "aryl ring".

[0031] The term "heteroaryl", used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in "heteroaralkyl" or "heteroarylalkoxy", refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, at least one ring in the system contains one or more heteroatoms, and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members. The term oaryl" may be used interchangeably with the term "heteroaryl ring" or the term "heteroaromatic".

The term idene chain" refers to a straight or branched carbon chain that may be fully saturated or have one or more units of unsaturation and has two points of attachment to the rest of the molecule, Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e. g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational» forms ofthe structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers, Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 143 90-3 5 conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the ion.

Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention. Thus, included within the scope of the invention are tautomers of compounds of formula I.

Additionally, unless otherwise stated, ures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that difier only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds offormula I, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced deuterium or tritium, or one or more carbon atoms are replaced by a 13O or 14C- enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention. Such compounds are , for example, as analytical tools, probes in biological assays, or sodium channel blockers with improved therapeutic profile.

In the formulas and drawings, a line transversing a ring and bonded to an R group such as in means that the R group can be bonded to any carbon, or if applicable, heteroatom such as N, of that ring as y allows.

Within a definition of a term as, for example, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6, when a CH; unit or, interchangeably, methylene unit may be replaced by O, CO, S, SO, 802 or NR7, it is meant to include any CH2 unit, including a CH2 within a al methyl group. For example, —CH2CH2CHZSH is within the ion of C1-C6 alkyl wherein up to two CH2 units may be W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 143 90-3 5 replaced by S because the CH2 unit of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by S. In another example, -O-Ph is within the definition of (Cl-C8)-R8 wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, $02 or NR7, because is is —CH2—Ph, where the —Cl-lz- unit has been replaced by O, and R8 can be aryl.

The dotted circle of formula I denotes aromaticity, such that, by the definition of W, the moiety is a fiised aromatic or heteroaromatic ring.

In another embodiment, the invention features a compound of formula I and the attendant definitions, n all W’s are CR1. In another embodiment, all W’s are CH. In another embodiment, one W is N.

[0039] In another embodiment, W is NR’, In another embodiment, R’ is a C1—C6 alkyl.

In another embodiment, R’ is CH3 or tBu.

In another embodiment, the invention features a compound of formula I and the attendant definitions, wherein X is O. In r embodiment, X is $02.

In r ment, the invention features a compound of a I and the ant definitions, wherein R1 is C1-C6 alkyl, halo, CN, CON(R7)2, R8, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1—C8)—R8 wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, 802, or NR7. In another embodiment, R1 is F or CN.

In another embodiment, the invention features a compound of formula I and the attendant definitions, wherein R2 is C1~C6 alkyl, Cl-C6 alkoxy, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, cycloalkoxy, aryl, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (Cl -CS)-R8 n up to two CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, SO; or NR7. In another embodiment, R2 is OCH3, OCHgCH=CH2, CHzOCH(CH3)2, CH20CHF2, CH20CH3, 3, OH, CH3, CH(CH3)2, EQ /\ ”t “O\ ' _O_<i, OCH(CH3)2, CH20CH2CH3, CH(CH3)OCH3, 3, N~ ; , , ‘J\OJVOH, OCHzCHzSOzCHs, NHCH(CH3)2, OtBu,, E_ _<>O ”at/ON , ) i" (j,0 714/0 \ a, Ave I) o \, ,5, Q,o ,OCHZCH2N(C2H5)2, OCHgPh, N 3 7 W0 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 143 90-3 5 2,0 CN / fl In another embodiment, the invention features a compound of formula I and the attendant definitions, wherein n is O. In another embodiment, o is 0.

In another embodiment, the invention features a compound of a I and the attendant definitions, wherein A is R5 wherein: R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7S02R7, s02R7, SOR7, SR7, C02R7, NR7COR7, NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SOzN(R7)2, CI-IFZ, CF3, OCF3, OCHFz, R8, heterocycloalkyl, heterccycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, or a ht chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)—Rg n up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, 802, or NR7; R5 is H, C1—C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cyclcalkyl, Cl-C6 alkoxy, C3—C8 cycloalkOXy, halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, R7, $0218, SOR7, SR7, C02R7, NR7COR7, NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SOzN(R7)2, CF3, OCFg, OCHFZ, R8, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, or a straight chain, ed, or cyclic (C1-C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, $02, or NR7; R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7SOZR7, $0218, SOR7, SR7, 002127, NR7COR7,NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SOZN(R7)2, CF3, OCFS, OCHFZ, R8, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryl, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1—C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with o, co, s, so, $02, or NR7; or W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 14390—3 5 two occurrences ofR4 and R5, or R5 and R6 together with the carbons to which they are attached form an optionally substituted ring comprising up to 2 heteroatoms.

In another embodiment, R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1—C6 , halo, CN, OH, CHFZ, CF3, OCHFg, OCF3, R8, or a ht chain, branched, or cyclic )-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, $02, or NR7. In another embodiment, R4 is H, OCH3, OCHFz, 001:3, F, CH3, or CHZOCHg.

In another embodiment, R5 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, CN, R8, or a straight chain, ed, or cyclic (C 1-C8)—R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with o, co, 3, so, $02, or NR7. In another embodiment, R5 is H, F, CH3, OCT-13, CHZOH, OH, CHZNHZ, CHZNI-ICH3, CH2N(CH3)2, or CN.

In another embodiment, R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1—C6 alkoxy, sozR", SOZN(R7)2, R8, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1—C8)—R8, wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, $02, or NR7. In another embodiment, R6 is H, OCHg, OH, (5 OH _ OCH(CH3)2, 7V ,C(CH3)20H,é 0—60,;no.9 ,SO;CH3,OCH2CH20H, OCHzCHzCHon, SOzCH3, SOzCHzCH3, SOzCFg, SOZCH(CH3)2, , 5 1! all E _ ('85 E, H20 2 ([85?— , SOZNHCH(CH3)2, tBu, OCHFz, CH2CH3, OCHZCHg, , O H O i—lé E—s He" 77 7—— I i5 O 7/7 or KOH 7 9 ’ SS R5 R4 R5 In another embodiment, R5 is selected from: WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 143 90-3 5 PCT/U82012/025374 143 90-35 In another embodiment, the ion features a compound of formula I and the attendant definitions, wherein A is heteroary] or heterocyclic. In another embodiment, A is selected from: N 55 5J A N'— \N ‘N I 1N\ 55 N\ N / ’1 / l /,S\,/ . / O K I 55m N\ O | N / S// N / Nfi / 0 K/o WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 In another embodiment; the invention features a compound of formula I and the attendant definitions, wherein the compound has formula IA: W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 w’/ \ ill N R4 R4 R6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f, wherein, independently for each occurrence: R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0112 N(R7)2, NR7SOZR7, $02117, SOR7, SR7, C02R7, NR7COR7, NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SOzN(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHFZ, R8, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or a ht chain, branched, or cyclic (Cl -C8)—Rg n up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, 80;, or NR7; R5 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, Cl-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7802R7, $02117, SOR7, SR7, C02R7, NR7C0R7, NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SOQN(R7)2, C133, OCFg, OCHF2, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, 802, or NR7; R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 lkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7SOQR7, 302117, SOR7, SR7, C02R7, NR7C0R7,NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SO;N(R7)2, CF3, OCFs, OCT-TF2, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryl or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)—R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with o, s, so, $02, or NR7; or W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 two occurrences ofR4 and R5, or R5 and R6 together with the carbons to which they are ed form an optionally substituted ring comprising up to 2 heteroatoms; and n is 1 or 2.

In another embodiment, one W is CR1. In another ment, one W is N.

[0052] In another embodiment, R1 is Cl-C6 alkyl, Cl-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, )2, 0R7, R8, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (Cl-C8)-R8 wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, S02, or NR7, In another embodiment, R1 is F or CN, In another embodiment, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, Cl-C6 alkoxy, OH, N(R7)2, aryl, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)—R8 wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced with o, 3, 30,302 or NR7. In another embodiment, R2 is OCH3, CHZOCH3, OCHZCHs, OH, OCH2CH=CH2, CH3, CH(CH3)2, OCH(CH3)2, CH20CH(CH3)2, CHzOCHFa, CH20CH2CH3, CH(CH3)OCH3, ‘5‘0—<l, t\oJ\/OH, CHZSCHg, OCHzCH2802CH3, NHCH(CH3)2, OtBu, g—O C , ”Km/<0 “KO/k“, tic/CO, OCHZCH2N(C2H5)2, OCHzPh, 73/0 \ N, §@, [<13 N/ 1 N/, or ,0,r,i In r embodiment, R4 is H, C1—C6 alkyl, Cl—C6 , halo, CN, OH, 0R7, CHFz, CF3, OCHFz, ocrs, R8, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1—C8)—R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, 80;, or NR7. In r embodiment, R4 is H, OCHs, OCI‘IFz, OCF3, F, CH3, or CH3.

[0055] In another embodiment, R5 is H, Cl-C6 alkyl, Cl—C6 alkoxy, CN, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (Cl—C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, so, so, or NR7. In another embodiment, R5 is H, CH3, OCHg, CH20H, F, 0H, CHZNHZ, Hg, CH2N(CH3)2, or CN.

PCT/U82012/025374 In another embodiment, R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1—C6 alkoxy, SOZR7, SOZN(R7)2, or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)—R8, wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, 80;, or NR7. In r embodiment, R6 is H, OH, OCH3, :5 OH OCH(CH3)2, OCHZCHZOH, OCHzCHzCHZOH, K , , SOzCHzCHs, 802CF3, f@g H . /O — O SOZCH(CH3)2, SOgtBu, SOzCHF2,tBu, HO 5 °_<>O , ,§ ('3' E E (‘3 E s H O I J OCHFZ, CHZCH3,OCH2CH3, 0—}, / / O Y , , or 7C0“.

In another embodiment, n is l. 55 R5 R4 R6 In another embodiment, R5 is selected from: / a o\ z 0% gr: 0L rifle” OH 3 /0 \© iJ \E>><OH new mad 3U 0 A {:5 J (If? 6’ , mmmer, WO 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 PCT/U$2012/025374 In another embodiment, the ion features a compound of formula I and the attendant definitions, wherein the compound has formula 13: (Ran éo 2—023», N R4 R4 R6 1B or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, independently for each occurrence: R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, C1—C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7502R7, 302117, SR7, sonl C02R7, NR7COR7, NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SOQN(R7)2, lO CF3, OCF3, OCHFz, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryl or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with o, s, so, $02, or NR7; R5 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0111 N(R7)2, NR7802R7, $0le SR7, 3018, c0218, NR7COR7, NR7co2R7, CON(R7)2, SOZN(R7)2, CF3, OCFg, OCHF2, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, W0 2012/1 12743 heteroaryl or a straight chain, ed, or cyclic (Cl-C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, $02, or NR7; R6 is H, c1-co alkyl, cs—cs cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, on, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, 802117, 501?, SR7, (30218, NR7COR7,NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (Cl—C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, 802, or NR7; or two occurrences ofR4 and R5, or R5 and R6 together with the carbons to which they are attached form an ally substituted ring comprising up to 2 heteroatoms.

[0060] In another embodiment, R2 is H, C1—C6 alkyl, C1—C6 alkoxy. In another ment, R2 is OCHg, ochs, or OCH(CH3)2.

In another embodiment, R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy. In another embodiment, R4 is H or OCHF2.

In another embodiment, R5 is H, Cl-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, Cl—C6 alkoxy or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1—C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, $0, $02, or NR7. In another embodiment, R5 is H, CH3 or OCH3.

In another embodiment, R6 is H, C1—C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (Cl ~C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, 802, or NR7. In another embodiment, R6 is 3)2.

[0064] In r embodiment, n is O or 1. In another embodiment, n is 1. In another embodiment, o is O.

W0 2012f112743 PCT/U52012/025374 In another embodiment, the invention features a nd of formulal and the attendant definitions, wherein the compound has formula IC: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, independently for each occurrence: R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 , halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7502R7, $02117, SR7, SOR7, C02R7, NR7COR7, NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SOZN(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHFZ, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or a ht chain, branched, or cyclic (C1—C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with o, s, so, 302, or NR7; R5 is H, C1—C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 , C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, halo, CN, OH, 0R7, N(R7 2, 1x11830211”, SOZR7, SR7, sonl 002117, NR7COR7, NR7C02R7, CON(R7)2, SOzN(R7)2, CF3, 0cm, OCHFg, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)—R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, S02, or NR7; R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, on, 0R7, N(R7)2, NR7SOZR7, $0218, SOR7, SR7, (302117, NR7COR7,NR7C02R7, )2, S02N(R7)2, W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 CF3, OCF3, OCHFZ, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or a straight chain, branched, or cyclic (C1-C8)-R8 wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, 80;, or NR7; or two occurrences ofR4 and R5, or R5 and R6 together with the carbons to which they are attached form an optionally substituted ring sing up to 2 atoms.

In another embodiment, W is N or NR’. In another embodiment, R’ is a C1-C6 alkyl. In another embodiment, R’ is CH3 or tBu.

In another embodiment, R2 is H orCI-C6 alkoxy. In another embodiment, R2 is OCH(CH3)2.

[0069] In another embodiment, R4 is H.

In another embodiment, R5 is H, Cl-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy, In another embodiment, R5 is CH3 or OCH3.

In another embodiment, R6 is H or Cl-C6 alkoxy, In another embodiment, R6 is OCH(CH3)2.

[0072] In another embodiment, n is O or I. In another embodiment, n is I. In another embodiment, o is O, iiififilo,Uk In another embodiment, R5 is In r embodiment, the invention features a compound of formula I and the ant definitions, n the compound is selected from the following table: WO 12743 PCT/USZOIZ/025374 W0 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 WO 12743 PCT/USZOIZ/025374 WO 12743 PCT/USZOIZ/025374 WO 12743 PCT/USZO12/025374 WO 12743 PCT/U$2012/025374 W0 2012/1 12743 2012/025374 W0 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 W0 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 WO 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 W0 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 W0 2012/1 12743 2012/025374 WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 WO 12743 PCT/U520121025374 In another aspect, the invention features a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound ofthe invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In r aspect, the invention features a method of inhibiting a voltage-gated sodium ion channel in: a patient; or a biological ; comprising administering to the patient, or contacting the biological sample, with a compound or composition of the ion. In another embodiment, the voltage—gated sodium ion channel is NaV 1.7.

[0077] In another aspect, the invention features a method of treating or ing the ty of the pain in a t afilicted with acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpatic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy or epilepsy conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression, dipolar disorder, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, rthritis pain, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic athy, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, nociceptive pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain, cancer pain, stroke, al ischemia, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stress— or exercise induced , palpitations, hypertension, migraine, or abormal -intestinal motility, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or composition ofthe invention.

In another embodiment, the method is used for treating or lessening the severity of the pain in a subject afilicted with femur cancer pain; non-malignant chronic bone pain; toid arthritis; osteoarthritis; spinal stenosis; neuropathic low back pain; neuropathic low back pain; myofascial pain syndrome; fibromyalgia; temporomandibular joint pain; chronic visceral pain, abdominal pain; atic; IBS pain; chronic and acute headache pain; migraine; tension headache, including, cluster headaches; chronic and acute neuropathic pain, post- herpatic neuralgia; ic athy; HIV-associated neuropathy; trigeminal neuralgia; W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 Charcot—Marie Tooth neuropathy; hereditary sensory neuropathies; peripheral nerve injury; painful neuromas; ectopic proximal and distal discharges; radiculopathy; herapy induced athic pain; radiotherapy-induced neuropathic pain; post-mastectomy pain; central pain; spinal cord injury pain; post-stroke pain; thalamic pain; complex regional pain me; phantom pain; intractable pain; acute pain, acute post-operative pain; acute musculoskeletal pain; joint pain; mechanical low back pain; neck pain; itis; injury/exercise pain; acute visceral pain, abdominal pain; pyelonephritis; appendicitis; cholecystitis; intestinal ction; s; chest pain, cardiac pain; pelvic pain, renal colic pain, acute obstetric pain, labor pain; cesarean section pain; acute inflammatory, burn and trauma pain; acute intermittent pain; IO endometriosis; acute herpes zoster pain; sickle cell anemia; acute atitis; breakthrough pain; orofacial pain including sinusitis pain, dental pain; multiple sclerosis (MS) pain; pain in depression; leprosy pain; Behcet's disease pain; adiposis dolorosa; phlebitic pain; Guillain-Barre pain; painful legs and moving toes; Haglund syndrome; erythromelalgia pain; Fabry‘s disease pain; bladder and urogenital disease, including, urinary incontinence; hyperactivity bladder; painful bladder me; interstitial cyctitis (IC); prostatitis; complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), type I and type II; widespread pain, paroxysmal extreme pain, is, tinnitis, or —induced pain.

The compounds ofthe invention may be prepared readily using the following methods. Illustrated below in Scheme 1 through Scheme 6 are methods for preparing the compounds of the invention W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 Scheme 1 R1 O W.\ jA/kW b + o N—R4 i, VQV‘k _)_, x \___/ W / W XH R3 W x R3\/ \R4 R1 0 W} i “15%R1 ___,a> II II W / W\ / W X W X R1 O Nw\ 6) ”no WW/ Va; / X W X R30“ R3/VN O O R4= benzyl, COan, BOC, COAryl; LG = leaving group (ie Cl, Br, I, OMS, OTs). a) idine, MeOH, b) R4=BOC2 acid (i.e. HCl), solvent (i.e. dioxane, iPrOH, EtOH, CH3CN); R4=C02Bn: catalyst (i.e. Pd/C), H2, solvent (i.e. iPrOH, EtOH); c) A—COzH, coupling agent (i.e. HATU, EDCI, HBTU), base (i.e. Eth, EtzNiPr), solvent (i.e. DMF, CH2C12, CH3CN) or Cl, base (i.e. Eth, EtzNiPr), solvent (i.e. CHzClz); d) reducing agent (Le. NaBH4), solvent (i.e. MeOH, EtOH); e) Rs-LG, base (Le. NaH, EtsN), solvent (i.e.

DMF, THF) or Rs—OH, acid (i.e. HCl), solvent (Le. dioxane).

W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 Scheme 2 R1 0 R1 OH R1 0 ngg\ a) V}mt\ b) V¢mg\ ll H H W» / W» / W~ / m; X MI x vv x Rs/VN‘R4 Ra/VN‘FQ Rs/VN‘ 4 R1 0 ‘ V9mn\ Vt. , vv x Ai/NH R4: benzyl, COan, BOC; LG = leaving group (i.e. Cl, Br, I, OMS, OTs). a) Reducing agent (i.e. NaBH4), solvent (i.e. MeOH, EtOH); b) Rs-LG, base (i.e. NaH, Eth), solvent (ie. DMP, THF) or Rs—OH, acid (Le. HCI), solvent (i.e. dioxane) or catalyst (ie.

KAuCl4), Rg-OH; c) R4=BOC: acid (i.e. HCl), solvent (i.e. dioxane, iPrOH, EtOH. CH3CN) or R4=C02an catalyst (i.e. Pd/C), H2, solvent (i.e. iPrOH, EtOH).

Scheme 3 R1 0“ R1 R1 0 ”M 2"” ”Wm J")b H H H M! / ML / m1 / vv x \N x vv x R!“N\ Rig/VN.

WWI/jgN\ R4 R4 123/ R4 zRS ’R5 R1 0 R1 0 c) VA}W\ OH d) Vx\{\W\ O‘Rs vm / vm / W X W X / N / N R3\/ NR4 R3\/ \R4 1h: benzyl, COan, BOC, COAryl; LG = leaving group (i.e. Cl, Br, I, OMS, 0T5). a) acid (ie. stOH), solvent (i.e. dioxane); b) epoxidizing agent (ie. mCPBA, MeReog/HzOz/pyridine), t (i.e. CHzClz); c) acid or Lewis Acid catalyst (i.e. , R5— OH; d) Rs-LG, base (i.e. NaH), solvent (Le. DMF, TI-IF). 2012/025374 Scheme4 R1\w O RKW o RKW o W!‘ / W~ / W» / W X W X W X Rsz/N~ Rsz/N\ R4 R4 R5/NH R1 R1 R2 c) V9,}W O d> OH \ V|\,>W\ \ W / W / W X W X / N / N R3“ R3‘/ 0 0 R1 R2 9) NW\ OH \/'\'I. / W X R¢= , COan, BOC, COAIyl; LG = leaving group (i.e. Cl, Br, I, OMS, OTs). a) catalyst (i.e. an), solvent (i.e. benzene); b) R4=BOC1 acid (i.e. HCl), solvent (i.e. dioxane, EtOH, iPrOH, CHgCN); R4=C02Bni catalyst (i.e. Pd/C), H2, solvent (ie. iPrOH, EtOH); c) A— COQH, coupling agent (i.e. HATU, EDCI, HBTU), base (i.e. Eth, BtzNiPr), solvent (i.e.

DMF, CHZCIZ, CH3CN) or A—C(O)Cl, base (i.e. Et3N, r), solvent (i.e. CH2C12); (1) base (i.e. NaH, LiHMDS), Rz-LG, solvent (i.e. DMR THF); e) catalyst (i.e. Pd/C), Hz, solvent (i.e.

MeOH, EtOH, iPrOH).

W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 Scheme 5 R1 0 R1 0 R R1 0HR “llw a) vi“ 2 b) 2 —» R2 —» v.v.‘W\ R2 We / w‘ / w‘ / w x w x w x / N / N / N R3\/ ‘ R4 R3\/ ~R4 Rav \R4 R5“NR1 R4: benzyl, COan, BOC, COAr; LG = leaving group (i.e. Cl, Br, I, OMS, OTs). a) base (i.e. LiHMDS), Rz-LG, solvent (i.e. THF, DlVfF); b) Reducing agent (Le. NaBH4), solvent (i.e. MeOH, EtOH); 0) acid (ie. HCl), Rs-OH.

Scheme 6 R1 0 R1 OTf R1 R2 VV\W\ —3)—> V\[\W\ \ L VV\W\ \ [I H H W‘ / WK / W~ / W X W X W X / N / N / N R3\/ \R4 R3“ ‘R4 Rsv ‘R4 R1 R2 1, W\W\ W. / W X R3“ ‘R4 R4= , COan, BOC, COAI. a) base (i.e. LiHIVIDS), solvent (i.e. THF), PhNsz; b) st (i.e. Pd(OAc)2, Pd(c- heszhP)(tBu3P)Clz), base (i.e. CSQCO3, K2CO3), solvent (i.e. dioxane, water, DMF), R2— B(OR)2 or Rz-BF3K; 0) catalyst (i.e. Pd/C), H2, solvent (ie. ACOH, MeOl—I, EtOH, iPrOl-l).

PCT/U52012/025374 Uses, Formulation and Administration ceutically acceptable compositions As discussed above, the invention provides compounds that are inhibitors of voltage-gated sodium ion channels, and thus the present compounds are useful for the ent of diseases, disorders, and conditions including, but not limited to acute, c, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy or epilepsy ions, egenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, ndocrine disorders, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, and inence. Accordingly, in another aspect of the invention, pharmaceutically acceptable itions are provided, wherein these compositions se any of the compounds as described , and optionally comprise a pharmaceutically able carrier, adjuvant or vehicle. In certain embodiments, these compositions optionally fiirther comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents.

[0087] It will also be appreciated that certain ofthe compounds of invention can exist in free form for treatment, or where appropriate, as a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative f. According to the invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, salts of such esters, or any other adduct or tive which upon administration to a subject in need is capable of providing, directly or indirectly, a compound as otherwise described herein, or a metabolite or residue thereof.

As used herein, the term “phannaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound l judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. A “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means any non-toxic salt or salt of an ester of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or an inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof. As used herein, the term itorily active metabolite or residue thereof” means that a lite or residue W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 f is also an inhibitor of a voltage—gated sodium ion channel.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S, M.

Berge, et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, oric acid, sulfuric acid and oric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion ge. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, oxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl e, malate, maleate, malonate, esulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, , oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, ate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, ate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p- toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N+(C1-4alkyl)4 salts. This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil~soluble or dispersable ts may be obtained by such quaternization. entative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like, Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, nary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, e, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.

As described above, the pharmaceutically acceptable itions ofthe invention additionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, nt, or vehicle, which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, W0 12743 PCT/USZOIZ/025374 preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Remington’s Pharmaceutical es, Sixteenth Edition, E. W. Martin (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa, 1980) discloses various carriers used in ating pharrnaceutically acceptable compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof.

Except insofar as any conventional carrier medium is atible with the compounds of the invention, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutically acceptable composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not d to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, or potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl idone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block rs, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil; safflower oil; sesame oil; olive oil; corn oil and soybean oil; glycols; such a propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl e; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium ide and um hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen—free water; isotonic saline; ’s solution; ethyl alcohol, and phosphate buffer solutions, as well as other xic ible lubricants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releasing agents, g , sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the composition, according to the judgment of the formulator.

Uses ofCompounds and.Pharmaceuticalbz Acceptable Compositions In yet r aspect, a method for the treatment or lessening the severity of acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy or epilepsy conditions, W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders such as y and sion, dipolar disorder, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, ndocrine disorders, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, osteoarthritis pain, rpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, ptive pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain, or cancer pain is provided comprising administering an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound to a subject in need thereof.

In certain embodiments, a method oftreatment or lessening the severity of stroke, cerebral ia, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stress— or se d angina, palpitations, hypertension, migraine, or abormal gastro—intestinal motility is provided comprising administering an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound to a subject in need thereof.

In certain embodiments, a method for the treatment or lessening the severity of acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain is provided comprising administering an efiective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition to a subject in need thereof. In n other embodiments, a method for the treatment or lessening the severity of radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head pain, or neck pain is ed comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition to a subject in need thereof. In still other embodiments, a method for the treatment or lessening the severity of severe or intractable pain, acute pain, postsurgical pain, back pain, tinnitis or cancer pain is provided comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutically able composition to a subject in need thereof.

In certain embodiments, a method for the treatment or lessening the severity of femur cancer pain; non-malignant chronic bone pain; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; spinal stenosis; neuropathic low back pain; athic low back pain; myofascial pain syndrome; fibromyalgia; temporomandibular joint pain; c al pain, ing, abdominal; atic; IBS pain; chronic and acute headache pain; migraine; tension headache, including, cluster headaches; chronic and acute neuropathic pain, including, post-herpetic neuralgia; diabetic neuropathy; HIV- associated neuropathy; trigeminal neuralgia; Charcot-Marie Tooth W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 neuropathy; hereditary sensory neuropathies; peripheral nerve injury; painful neuromas; ectopic proximal and distal discharges; lopathy; chemotherapy d neuropathic pain; radiotherapy—induced neuropathic pain; post—mastectomy pain; central pain; spinal cord injury pain; troke pain; thalamic pain; complex regional pain syndrome; phantom pain; intractable pain; acute pain, acute post-operative pain; acute musculoskeletal pain; joint pain; mechanical low back pain; neck pain; tendonitis; injury/exercise pain; acute Visceral pain, including, abdominal pain; pyelonephritis; appendicitis; cholecystitis; intestinal ction; hernias; etc; chest pain, including, cardiac Pain; pelvic pain, renal colic pain, acute obstetric pain, including, labor pain; cesarean section pain; acute inflammatory, burn and trauma pain; acute intermittent pain, including, endometriosis; acute herpes zoster pain; sickle cell anemia; acute pancreatitis; breakthrough pain; orofacial pain including sinusitis pain, dental pain; multiple sclerosis (MS) pain; pain in sion; leprosy pain; behcet’s disease pain; adiposis dolorosa; phlebitic pain; Guillain—Barre pain; painfiil legs and moving toes; Haglund syndrome; erythromelalgia pain; Fabry’s disease pain; bladder and urogenital disease, including, urinary incontinence; hyperactivity bladder; painful bladder syndrome; interstitial cyctitis (IC); or prostatitis; complex regional pain me (CRPS), type I and type II; -induced pain is ed, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition to a subject in need thereof.

In certain embodiments of the invention an “effective amount” of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable composition is that amount effective for ng or lessening the severity of one or more of acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy or epilepsy conditions, egenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, myotonia, arrhythmia, nt disorders, neuroendocrine ers, , multiple sis, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, osteoarthritis pain, postherpetic neuralgia, ic neuropathy, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, nociceptive pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain, tinnitis or cancer pain.

The compounds and compositions, according to the method of the ion, may be stered using any amount and any route of administration effective for treating or PCT/U82012/025374 lessening the severity of one or more of acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy or sy conditions, neurodegenerative ers, psychiatric disorders such as y and depression, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement ers, neuroendocrine disorders, , multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, osteoarthritis pain, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, radicular pain, ca, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, nociceptive pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgical pain, tinnitis or cancer pain. The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the ty of the infection, the particular agent, its mode of administration, and the like. The compounds of the invention are preferably formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. The expression “dosage unit form” as used herein refers to a physically discrete unit of agent appropriate for the subject to be treated. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the invention will be decided by the attending physician Within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific efiective dose level for any particular t or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the er; the activity ofthe specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the subject; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration ofthe treatment; drugs used in combination or dental with the specific compound employed, and like factors well known in the medical arts. The term “subj ect” or “patient”, as used herein, means an , preferably a mammal, and most preferably a human, The pharmaceutically acceptable itions of this invention can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), y, as an oral or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the infection being treated. In certain embodiments, the compounds ofthe ion may be administered orally or erally at dosage levels of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and ably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 the desired therapeutic effect.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not d to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl l, ethyl carbonate, ethyl e, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, l,3-butylene glycol, ylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, nut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofiirfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, fying and suspending , sweetening, flavoring, and perfiiming agents.

Injectable preparations, for e, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in l,3—butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer’s solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending . For this e any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono— or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.

] The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining , or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile inj ectable medium prior to use.

[00101] in order to prolong the effect of a compound of the invention, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the compound from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water lity. The rate of tion of the compound then depends upon its rate of ution that, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered compound form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the compound in an oil vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices of the compound in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide—polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of compound to polymer and the nature of the ular polymer employed, the rate of compound release can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or mulsions that are compatible with body tissues.

Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, hylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.

Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, s, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable ent or carrier such as sodium citrate or ium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, nylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) ants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar--agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, n silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) on retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary um compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and ol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. ln the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise buifering agents.

Solid itions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or entially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, ally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene s and the like.

The active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of s, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the ceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or . Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g, tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline ose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner, Examples of embedding itions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes .

Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a nd of this invention include ointments, pastes, creams, s, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a ceutically able carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required.

Ophthalmic formulation, eardrops, and eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention. Additionally, the invention contemplates the use of transdermal s, which have the added advantage of providing controlled ry of a compound to the body. Such dosage forms are prepared by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux ofthe compound WO 12743 across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.

As described generally above, the compounds ofthe invention are useful as inhibitors of voltage-gated sodium ion channels. In one embodiment, the compounds and compositions of the ion are inhibitors of one or more ofNaVl . 'l, NaVl .2, NaVl .3, NaVl.4, NaV1.5, NaV1.6, NaVl.7, NaV1.8, or NaV1.9, and thus, without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the compounds and compositions are particularly usefiil for treating or lessening the severity of a disease, ion, or disorder where activation or hyperactivity of one or more ofNaVl . l NaVl .2, NaVl .3, NaVl .4, NaVl .5, NaVl .6, NaVl.7, NaVl.8, or NaV1.9 is implicated in the e, condition, or disorder. When activation or ctivity ofNaVl, l, NaVl .2, NaVl .3, NaVl .4, NaVl .5, NaV1.6, NaV1,7, NaVl .8, or NaV1.9 is ated in a particular disease, condition, or disorder, the disease, ion, or disorder may also be referred to as a “NaVl. 1, NaVl.2, NaVl.3, NaVl.4, NaV1.5, NaV1.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8 or NaVl .9-mediated disease, condition or disorder”.

Accordingly, in another aspect, the invention provides a method for treating or lessening the severity of a disease, ion, or er where activation or hyperactivity of one or more of NaV1.1, NaVl.2, NaVl.3, NaVl.4, , , NaVl.7, NaV1.8, or NaV1.9 is implicated in the disease state.

The activity of a compound utilized in this invention as an inhibitor of NaV1.l, NaVl.2, NaVl.3, NaV1.4, NaV1.5, NaVl.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8, or NaVl.9 may be assayed according to methods described generally in the Examples herein, or according to methods available to one of ordinary skill in the art.

In certain ary embodiments, compounds ofthe ion are useful as inhibitors ofNaVl .7 and/or NaVl .8.

[00110] it will also be appreciated that the compounds and phannaceutically acceptable compositions of the invention can be employed in combination therapies, that is, the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be administered rently with, prior to, or uent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures.

The particular combination oftherapies (therapeutics or procedures) to employ in a W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 combination regimen will take into account compatibility of the desired therapeutics and/or procedures and the desired therapeutic efi‘ect to be achieved. It will also be appreciated that the therapies employed may e a desired effect for the same disorder (for example, an inventive compound may be administered concurrently with another agent used to treat the same disorder), or they may achieve different effects (e. g., control of any adverse effects). As used herein, additional therapeutic agents that are normally administered to treat or prevent a particular disease, or condition, are known as priate for the disease, or condition, being treated”. For example, exemplary additional therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to: nonopioid sics (indoles such as Etodolac, thacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin; naphthylalkanones such sa Nabumetone, oxicams such as cam; para—aminophenol derivatives, such as Acetaminophen; propionic acids such as Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Naproxen, Naproxen sodium, Oxaprozin; salicylates such as Asprin, Choline magnesium trisalicylate, Diflunisal; fenamates such as meclofenamic acid, Mefenamic acid; and pyrazoles such as Phenylbutazone); or opioid (narcotic) ts (such as Codeine, Fentanyl, orphone, Levorphanol, Meperidine, Methadone, ne, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Propoxyphene, Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Dezocine, Nalbuphine, and Pentazocine). Additionally, nondrug analgesic approaches may be utilized in conjunction with administration of one or more compounds of the invention. For example, anesthesiologic (intraspinal infiision, neural blocade), neurosurgical (neurolysis of CNS pathways), neurostimulatory cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, dorsal column stimulation), physiatric (physical therapy, orthotic devices, diathermy), or psychologic (cognitive methods» hypnosis, biofeedback, or behavioral methods) approaches may also be utilized. Additional riate therapeutic agents or approaches are described generally in The Merck Manual, Seventeenth Edition, Ed. Mark H. Beers and Robert Berkow, Merck ch Laboratories, 1999, and the Food and Drug Administration website, wwwfdagov, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

] In another embodiment, additional appropriate therapeutic agents are selected from the following: (1) an opioid analgesic, e. g. morphine, heroin, orphone, phone, levorphanol, levallorphan, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, cocaine, codeine, PCT/U52012/025374 dihydrocodeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, propoxyphene, ene, nalorphine, ne, naltrexone, buprenorphine, butorphanol, hine or pentazocine; (2) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), e.g. aspirin, diclofenac, diflusinal, etodolac, fenbufen, fenoprofen, flufenisal, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, nabumetone, naproxen, nimesulide, nitroflurbiprofen, olsalazine, oxaprozin, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulfasalazine, sulindac, tolmetin or zomepirac; (3) a barbiturate sedative, e. g. amobarbital, aprobarbital, butabarbital, tal, mephobarbital, metharbital, methohexital, pentobarbital, phenobartital, secobarbital, talbutal, theamylal or thiopental; (4) a iazepine having a sedative action, e. g. chlordiazepoxide, epate, diazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam or triazolam; (5) an Hi antagonist having a sedative action, eg. diphenhydramine, pyrilamine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine or chlorcyclizine;

[00117] (6) a ve such as himide, meprobamate, ualone or dichloralphenazone; (7) a skeletal muscle relaxant, eg. baclofen, carisoprodol, chlorzoxazone, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol or orphrenadine; (8) an NMDA receptor antagonist, e. g. dextromethorphan ((+)—3— hydroxy~N~ methylmorphinan) or its metabolite dextrorphan ((+)—3—hydroxy—N- methylmorphinan), ketamine, memantine, pyrroloquinoline quinine, cis—4-(phosphonomethyl)— 2— piperidinecarboxylic acid, ne, EN-3231 (MorphiDex(R), a combination formulation of morphine and dextromethorphan), topiramate, neramexane or fotel including an NRZB antagonist, eg. ifenprodil, traxoprodil or (—)-(R)-6—{2-[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-4—hydroxy piperidinyl]hydroxyethy1-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone; (9) an adrenergic, e.g. doxazosin, osin, clonidine, guanfacine, dexmetatomidine, modafinil, or 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy(5-methane- sulfonamido-l, 2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinol-Z-yl)—5-(2-pyridy1) quinazoline; W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 (10) a tricyclic antidepressant, e. g. desipramine, imipramine, amitriptyline or nortriptyline; (11) an anticonvulsant, e. g. carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiratmate or valproate; (12) a tachykinin (NK) antagonist, particularly an NK—3, NK-Z or NK—I antagonist, eg. ([alpha]R,9R)—7-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]~8,9, 10,11 -tetrahydro—9- methyl-S-(4- phenyl)-7H-[l ,4]diazocino[2,l-g][l,7]-naphthyridine-6—13-dione (TAK- 63 7), 5- [[(2R,3S)—2-[(lR)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy(4-fluorophenyl) morpholinyl]-methyl]—l,2—dihydro-3H—l,2,4—triazolone (MK—869), aprepitant, lanepitant, nt or 3-[[2—methoxy~5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]—rnethylarnino]—2~phenylpiperidine (28,3 S); (13) a muscarinic antagonist, e.g oxybutynin, tolterodine, propiverine, tropsium chloride, darifenacin, solifenacin, temiverine and ipratropiurn; (14) a COX-2 selective inhibitor, e. g. celecoxib, rofecoxib, parecoxib, valdecoxib, deracoxib, oxib, or lumiracoxib; (15) a coal-tar analgesic, in particular paracetamol; (16) a neuroleptic such as droperidol, chlorproniazine, haloperidol, perphenazine, thioridazine, dazine, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, clozapine, olanzapine, idone, ziprasidone, quetiapine, sertindole, aripiprazole, sonepiprazole, blonanserin, iloperidone, perospirone, raclopride, zotepine, bifeprunox, asenapine, lurasidone, amisulpride, balaperidone, palindore, eplivanserin, ant, rimonabant, meclinertant, Miraxion(R) or tan; (17) a vanilloid receptor agonist (eg. resinferatoxin) or antagonist (eg. capsazepine);

[00129] (18) a beta-adrenergic such as propranolol; (19) a local hetic such as mexiletine; (20) a corticosteroid such as dexamethasone; W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 (21) a 5-HT receptor agonist or antagonist, particularly a S-HTi B/I D agonist such as eletriptan, sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan or rizatn'ptan; (22) a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist such as R(+)-alpha—(2,3-dimethoxy- phenyl)—l—[2-(4— fluorophenylethyl)]pipcridinemethanol (MDL- 100907); (23) a cholinergic (nicotinic) analgesic, such as ispronicline (TC- 1734), (E)—N—mcthyl (3—pyridinyl)—3~buten—l —amine (MR-2403), (R)—5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)—2— chloropyridine (ART-594) or nicotine; (24) Tramadol(R); (25) a PDEV inhibitor, such as 5-[2-ethoxy(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl- nyl)phenyl]- yln~propyl-l,6-dihydro—7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidinone (sildenafil), (6R, 12aR)- 2,3,6,7, 12, xahydro~2-methyl-6—(3 ,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)— pyrazino[2‘,l':6,l]- pyrido[3,4-b]indole-l,4-dione (IC-351 or tadalafil), 2—[2-ethoxy—5—(4—ethyl- piperazin-l—yl-l— sulphonyl)—phenyl]methyl—7-propyl-3H—imidazo[S,l-f][1,2,4]t1iazin—4-one (vardenafil), 5— tylbutoxypyridinyl)ethyl(l-ethylazetidinyl)-2,6-dihydro-7//- pyrazolo[4,3—<i]pyrimidinone, 5—(5-acetyl—2—propoxypyridinyl)—3—ethyl(l-isopropyl— 3- inyl)-2,6—dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3—<i]pvrimidmone, 5-[2-ethoxy-5—(4-ethylpiperazin- l-ylsulphonyl)pyridinyl]—3-ethy1~2- hoxyethyl]~2,6-dihydro—7H— lo[4,3- d]pyrimidin-7—one, 4—[(3-chloro~4—methoxybenzyl)arnino]—2—[(ZS) xymethyl)pyrrolidin—l —yl]~N~(pyrimidin—2—ylmethyl)pyrimidinecarboxamide, 3-(1 — methyloxo—3 -propyl-6,7-dihydro—lH—pyrazolo[4,3—d]pyrimidin—S-yl)—N-[2-(1— methylpyrrolidin—2~yl)ethyl]—4-propoxybenzenesulfonamide; an alpha-Z—delta ligand such as gabapentin, pregabalin, 3 -methyl gabapentin, (l[a],3[a],5[oc])(3-amino-methyl- bicyclo[3.2.0]heptyl)-acetic acid, (3 S,5R)—3-aminomethyl- S-methyl-heptanoic acid, (3 S,5R)amino-S—methyl-heptanoic acid, (3 S,5R)amino- S-methyl-octanoic acid, (28,48)- 4—(3-chlorophenoxy)proline, (28,4S)—4-(3—fluorobenzyl)— proline, [(1R,5R,6S)—6— methyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]hept—6-yl]acetic acid, 3-(l-aminomethyl- cyclohexylmethyl)—4H—[ 1 ,2,4]oxadiazol—5—one, C-[ 1 -(I H—tetrazol—5-ylmethyl)—cycloheptyl]- methylamine, (3 S,4S)-(l- aminomethyl-3,4-dimethyl—cyclopentyl)-acetic acid, (3 S, 5R)- 3-aminomethylmethyl- octanoic acid, (3 S,5R)aminomethyl—nonanoic acid, (3 S,5R)- 3-aminomethyl-octanoic WC 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 acid, (3R,4R,5R)amino-4,5-dimethyl-heptanoic acid and (3R,4R,5R)amino-4,5—dimethyl- ic acid; (26) a cannabinoid; (27) tropic glutamate subtype 1 receptor (mGluR1) antagonist; (28) a serotonin reuptake inhibitor such as sertraline, sertraline metabolite demethylsertraline, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine (fluoxetine desmethyl lite), fluvoxamine, tine, citalopram, citalopram metabolite desrnethylcitalopram, escitalopram, d,l— fenfluramine, tine, ifoxetine, cyanodothiepin, litoxetine, dapoxetine, nefazodone, cericlamine and. trazodone;

[00140] (29) a noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitor, such as maprotiline, lofepramine, mirtazepine, tiline, fezolamine, tomoxetine, mianserin, rion, buproprion metabolite hydroxybuproprion, nomifensine and viloxazine (Vivalan(R)), especially a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor such as reboxetine, in particular (S,S)-reboxetine;

[00141] (30) a dual serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake tor, such as venlafaxine, venlafaxine metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, clomipramine, clomipramine metabolite desmethylclomipramine, duloxetine, milnacipran and imipramine; (31) an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor such as S-[Z-[U— iminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-L-homocysteine, S-[2—[(l-iminoethyl)-amino]ethyl]-4,4—dioxo-L- cysteine, S—[2-[(l-iminoethyl)amino]ethyl]methyl-L-cysteine, (ZS,5Z)—2-amino-Z-methyl— 7— [(l—iminoethyl)amino]heptenoic acid, 2-[[(1R,3 S)—3-amino—4— hydroxy— hiazolyl)— butyl]thio]-S-chloro—S-pyridinecarbonitrile; 2-[[(lR,3 S)-3 -amino—4-hydroxy-l—(5- thiazolyl)butyl]thio]~4-chlorobenzonitrile, (ZS,4R)—2—amino—4—[[2—chloro—5— (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thio]-5—thiazolebutanol, 2—[[(lR,3S)-3 -aminohydroxy-l-(5 -thiazolyl) butyl]thio](trifluoromethyl)-3 pyridinecarbonitrile, 2-[[(1R,3 S) aminohydroxy(5- thiazolyl)butyl]thio] chlorobenzonitrile, N—[4-[2-(3— chlorobenzylamino)ethyl]phenyl]thiophenecarboxamidine, or guanidinoethyldisulfide; (32) an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as donepezil; (33) a prostaglandin E2 subtype 4 (EP4) antagonist such as 7V—[({2-[4- yl-4,6- dimethyl-lH—imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-l-yl)phenyl]ethyl} amino)-carbonyl] methylbenzenesulfonamide or 4-[(15)—l—({[5-chloro(3 -fluorophenoxy)pyridin—3- yl]carbonyl} amino)ethyl]benzoic acid; (34) a leukotriene B4 antagonist; such as l-(3-biphenylylmethyl hydroxy-chrornan-7— yl)-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (CP- 105696), 5—[2—(2-Carboxyethyl)—3- [6-(4— methoxyphenyl)-5E- hexenyl]oxyphenoxy]-valeric acid (ONO—4057) or DPC-l 1870, (35) a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as zileuton, 6-[(3-fluoro[4~ methoxy-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro~2H—pyran-4—yl])phenoxy—methyl]-l-methyl-2—quinolone (2D- 2138), or 2,3,5- trimethyl-6~(3 -pyridylmethyl),l ,4~benzoquinone (CV—6504); (3 6) a sodium channel blocker, such as lidocaine; (36) a 5—HT3 antagonist, such as ondansetron; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof ] The amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositions of this invention will be no more than the amount that would normally be administered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as the only active agent. Preferably the amount of additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to 100% ofthe amount normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only therapeutically active agent.

[00149] The compounds of this invention or pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof may also be incorporated into compositions for coating an table medical device, such as prostheses, artificial valves, vascular , stents and ers.

Accordingly, the invention, in another aspect, includes a composition for coating an table device comprising a compound of the invention as described generally above, and in classes and subclasses herein, and a carrier suitable for g said table device. In still another aspect, the invention includes an implantable device coated with a composition comprising a compound ofthe ion as described generally above, and in s and subclasses herein, and a carrier suitable for g said table . Suitable coatings and the general preparation of coated implantable s are described in US Patents 6,099,562; 5,886,026; and 5,304,121. The coatings are typically biocompatible ric materials such as a hydrogel polymer, polymethyldisiloxane, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, ctic acid, ethylene Vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. The coatings may ally be r covered by a suitable topcoat of fluorosilicone, polysaccarides, polyethylene glycol, phospholipids or combinations thereof to impart controlled release characteristics in the composition.

Another aspect of the invention relates to inhibiting one or more of NaVl .1, NaV1.2, NaVl .3, NaVl .4, NaV1.5, NaV1.6, NaVl .7, NaV1_8, or NaV1.9, ty in a ical sample or a subject, which method comprises administering to the t, or contacting said biological sample with a compound of formula I or a composition comprising said compound. The term “biological ”, as used herein, includes, without limitation, cell cultures or extracts f; biopsied material ed from a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof.

[0015]] tion of one or more ofNaVl. 1, NaVl.2, NaV1.3, NaVl .4, NaV1.5, NaV1.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8, or NaV1.9, activity in a biological sample is usefiil for a variety of purposes that are known to one of skill in the art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not d to, the study of sodium ion channels in biological and pathological phenomena; and the comparative evaluation of new sodium ion channel inhibitors.

EXAMPLES l methods. 1H NMR (400 MHz) and 13c NMR (100 MHz) spectra were obtained as solutions in deuterioacetonitrile (CD3CN), chloroform-d (CDClg) or dimethyl sulfoxide-D6 (DMSO). Mass spectra (MS) were obtained using an Applied Biosystems API EX LC/MS system equipped with a Phenomenex 50 x 4.60 mm luna-Sii C18 column. The LC/MS eluting system was 10-99% acetonitrile in H20 with 0.035% v/v trifluoroacetic acid or 5 mM HCl using a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 15 minute linear gradient and a flow rate of 4.0 mL/minute. Silica gel chromatography was performed using silica gel-60 with a particle size of 23 0-400 mesh. Pyridine, dichloromethane (CH2C12), tetrahydrofiiran (TI-IF), dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), and 1,4—dioxane were from W0 2012/112743 2012/025374 Aldrich Sure-Seal bottles kept under dry nitrogen. All reactions were stirred magnetically unless otherwise noted.

Spiro[chromane-2,4’-piperidine]one hydrogen chloride Step 1: tert—Butyl 4-0xospir0[chromane—Z,4'—piperidine]-1'- carboxylate CENEJF+OUO pyrrolidine NTMWM60“ 0 N o To a on of Zert—butyl 4-oxopiperidinecarboxylate (93 .67 g, 470.1 mmol) in pyrrolidine (56.2 mL, 673.3 mmol) and ous MeOH (112 mL) was added l—(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone (56.36 mL, 468.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 2.5 hours. Methanol was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was dissolved in EtOAc (150 mL), washed with 1N HCl (150 mL) and brine (2 x 100 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil was diluted with s (400 mL) and the mixture was heated at 60 °C until in solution. Once dissolved, the solution was allowed to cool to t temperature.

The crystals were collected Via vacuum filtration and were rinsed with hexanes to obtain tert- butyl 4-oxospiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-l'—carboxylate (105 g, 70%) as light yellow solid.

EST—MS m/z calc. 317.2, found 318.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.54 minutes (4 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13)6 7.87 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.53 — 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.05 1 6.96 (m, 2H), 3.88 (d, J: 13.2 Hz, 2H), 3.27 — 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.72 (s, 2H), 2.03 (d, J: 13.6 Hz, 2H), 1.66 — 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

The following compounds were prepared using the procedure reported above: PCT/U52012/025374 tert-butyi S-fluorooxospiro[chroman-2,4'(2-fluorohydroxypheny1)ethanone p1peridine]-1‘-carboxy1ate‘ tert—butyl 6—bromo-4—oxospiro[chroman—2,4'(5—bromohydroxypheny1)ethanone piperidine]-_ 1 oxylate Step 2: Spiro[chr0mane—2,4'-piperidine]one hydrogen chloride N o14 dioxane \n/ O NH*H or ] To a 1L flask was added tert—butyl 4-oxospiro[chromane—2,4'- dine]—1'—carboxylate (30.0 g, 94.5 mmol) and 1,4—dioxane (200 mL). HCl (118 mL of 4.0 M, 472 mmol) in dioxane was added and the mixture was allowed to stir overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated to give spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]one hydrogen chloride (23.9 g, 99%). ESI—MS m/z calc. 217.1, found 218.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 0.42 minutes (3 min run).

[00159] The following nd was prepared using the procedure reported above: 6-bromospiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin]one.

Spiro[chromane—2,4'-piperidine]one Step 1: Benzyi 4~oxospiro[chromane-2,4'—piperidine]-l'-carb0xylate 0 o N pyrrofidine N o + A Y o o M 60H 0 OH 1 PCT/U52012/025374 A flask was charged with 1—(2—hydroxyphenyl)ethanone (100 g, 735 mmol), benzyl 4-oxopiperidinecarboxylate (145 mL, 735 mrnol), pyrrolidine (123 mL, 1.47 mol) and methanol (24 mL) which provided a clear amber solution. The mixture was heated at 80 °C for 20 h. The dark solution was cooled to 25 °C, diluted with ethyl acetate (1000 mL) and partitioned with 1M HCl (800 mL). The aqueous layer was drained and the residual organic layer was washed with 1M HCl (2 X 800 mL), water (800 mL), saturated sodium de solution (800 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under d pressure to provide an amber oil. The residue was purified by silica gel tography eluting with a gradient of0% to 30% ethyl acetate in hexane. The desired product ons were combined and evaporated under reduced pressure to provide benzyl 4» oxospiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1'—carboxylate (207 g, 80%). ESI—MS m/z calc. 351.2, found 3523 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.41 minutes (3 min run). lH NlVIR (400 MHz, CDC13) 8 7.86 (d, J: 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J: 11.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 — 7.27 (m, 5H), 7.00 (dd, J= .4, 7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 3.98 (s, 2H), 3.29 (s, 2H), 2.71 (s, 2H), 2.12 — 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.68 — 1.54 (m, 2H).

The following compounds were ed using the procedure reported above: Ketone Product _I benzyl 6—fluorooxospiro[chroman-2,4'- 1—(5—fluoro-2—hydroxyphenyl)ethanone piperidine] - 1 '-carboxylate 1 -(3 ,5-d1fluoro—2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone‘ benzyl 6, 8—difluorooxospiro[chroman-2,4'- piperidine]— 1 ”-carboxylate benzyl 8~fluorooxospiro[chroman-2,4'- 1-(3 -fluorohydroxyphenyl)ethanone piperidine]—1 ’—carboxylate benzyl 7-fluoro-4—oxospiro[chroman—Z,4'— 1—(4-fluorohydroxyphenyl)ethanone dine]- 1 '-carboxylate ____—_____—______—____J Step 2: Spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]one W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 H2Pd/C 0 NOO\/© iPrOH O To benzyl 4-oxospiro[chromane—Z,4’~piperidine]-l'-carboxylate (3.50 g, 9.96 mmol) was added i-PrOH (39 mL) and 10% Pd/C (530 mg, 0.498 mmol). A hydrogen n was ed and the reaction was allowed to stir overnight at 25 °C. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was ated to give spiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine]~4—one (2.11 g, 98%). EST—MS m/z calc. 217 . 1, found 218.2 (M+1)+; ion time: 0.41 minutes (3 min run).

The ing compounds were prepared using the procedure reported above: 6—fluorospiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin]one; 6,8-difluorospiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidin]one; 8-fluorospiro[chroman-2,4'—piperidin]one; 7—fluorospiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin] —4—one. 4-Isopr0poxyspir0[chroman-2,4'-piperidine] Step 1: Benzyl4—hydr0xysPiro[chroman-2,4'~P Pi eridine]—1'— carboxylate NaBH4 O N\n/O\/© O MeOH NOO\/© A mixture of benzyl 4—oxospiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]-l'- carboxylate (2.00 g, 5.69 mmol) and MeOH (25 mL) was cooled to 0 °C before NaBH4 (646 mg, 17.1 mmol) was added portion-wise. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 30 minutes before it was quenched with 1M HCl. The mixture was extracted with CHzClz (3x).

The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to give benzyl 4- W0 2012/112743 hydroxyspiro—[chroman—Z,4’-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (1.97 g, 98%). EST-MS m/z calc. 3532, found 354.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.94 minutes (5 min run).

] Step 2: 4-Isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1'- carboxylate NaH THF; ° we o ”W3 A mixture of benzyl 4—hydroxyspiro—[chroman-2,4‘-piperidine]-1 - carboxylate (160 mg, 0.453 mmol) and THIF (1.5 mL) was d to 0 °C. NaH (22 mg, 0.54 mmol) was added portion—wise and the mixture was d to stir for 20 minutes. 2— Iodopropane (9O uL, 0.91 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir overnight at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (3%-70% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give 4- isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]—1'-carboxylate (135 mg, 75%). ESI-MS m/z calc. 395.2, found 396. (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.13 minutes (3 min run).

Step 3: 4-Isoprop0xyspir0[chr0man-2,4'-piperidine Pd/C, H2 0 NOO\/© iPrOH o To benzyl 4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (247 mg, 06245 mmol) was added Pd/C (66 mg, 0.062 mmol) and isopropanol (3 mL) . The on flask was equipped with a septa and a hydrogen balloon was attached. The reaction was allowed to stir ght at 25 °C before it was filtered. The solvent was removed to give 4— W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine] (134 mg, 82%). ESI-MS m/z calc. 2612, found 262.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.18 minutes (3 min run).

The following compound was prepared using the procedures reported above: 4(R) 4-Ethoxy-6—fluoro-spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine.

(R)~Benzyl oxyspiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidine]-1’-carb0xylate 0 9H BH3—DMS O O N\H/OVQ CHzmz Oxazaborolidine NTO\/© O catalyst O To a dry 250 mL round bottomed flask was added benzyl 4— oxospiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine]—1'—carboxylate (6.0 g, 17.1 mmol) and dichloromethane (24 mL) . The flasked was purged with nitrogen and d to -20 °C. Isopropanol (1.03 g, 1.31 mL, 17.1 mmol) was added followed by borane-DMS complex (3.2 g, 3.8 mL, 427 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at -30 °C for 30 minutes. By LCMS, no reduction of the ketone was observed. (3OLS)- l -methy1—3 3 -diphenyl—3 a,4, 5,6—tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxazaborole (3.4 mL of a 1 M solution in THE, 3.4 mmol) was added and the reaction held at ~30 °C for 30 minutes and then allowed to warm slowly to 15 °C over 45 minutes. Complete conversion to the l was determined by LCMS. The on was quenched with methanol at 15 °C, The reaction flask was then evaporated to remove the solvent and the les. The crude reaction was purified by column chromatography DCMzEtOAc 0-20% EtOAc in dichloromethane and was isolated as a white foam. The product was determined to have an ee of 96.3 by chiral HPLC (Column: ChiralPak AD—H (250 x 4.6mm), Sum; Mobile phase: 40% MeOH w 0.1% DEA, 60%C02; Flow rate: 3.0 ). EST-MS m/z calc. 353.2, found 3542 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.94 minutes (5 min run).

] The following compounds were prepared using the procedure reported above using the appropriate enantiomer of the catalyst: W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 Ketone t Benzy 4-oxospiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1 (S)-Benzy1 4-hydroxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- 1 '-carboxy1ate pipeddine]-1 '~carboxy1ate Benzyl 6-fluoro-4—oxospiro[chroman—2,4'- (R)—Benzy1 4-hydroxyspiro[6-fluoro-chroman- piperidine]—1 '—Carboxylate 2,4’-piperidine]—1'—carboxylate Benzyl 6,8-difluor0—4-oxospiro[chroman-2,4'~ (R)-Benzy1 4-hydroxyspiro[6,8—difluoro— dine]—1 ‘-carboxy1ate n-2,4'-piperidine]—1'—carboxylate 6—fluoro-1'-(4-isopr0poxy—3- (R)—(6—fluorohydroxyspiro[chroman-2,4'~ methoxybenzoyl)spiro[chroman-2,4‘— piperidine]-1'-yl)(4—isopropoxy—3- piperidin]one methoxyphenyl)methanone 6-fluoro-1’~(4—isopropoxy—3- (BO-(6-fluoro—4-hydroxyspiro[chroman-Z,4'- ‘l methylbenzoyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin]- piperidine}1'-y1)(4-isopr0poxy 4-0ne methylpheny1)methan0ne 6-fluoro-1'-(4-(2—hydroxypropan—Z-y1) (R)-(6—fluorohydroxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- methylbenzoyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin]- piperidine]-1'-y1)(4-(2-hydroxypropan—2-y1) 4-one methylphenyl)methanone 6—fluor0—1 ’-(4-isopr0poxy-3— (S)-(6—fluoro~4-hydroxyspiro[chroman—2,4'- methylbenzoyl)spiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidin]— dine} 1 '—yl)(4-isoprop0xy—3 — 4-one phenyl)methanone Spiro[SH-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-2,4'-piperidine]-4—one hydrogen chloride Step 1: 1-(1-Oxidopyridinium—3-yl)ethanone 0 0=R|e=O O / \ H202,AcOH l \ N /N+ PCT/U$2012/025374 To a solution l-(3 yl)ethanone (9.54 g, 78.8 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (97 mL) was added methyl(trioxo)rhenium (982 mg, 3.94 mmol). Hydrogen peroxide (16.4 mL of30 %w/w, 161 mmol) was added slowly and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated, the acetic acid was neutralized with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium onate, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 150 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressue to yield 1~(l-oxidopyridin—l-ium-B— yl)ethanone (6.00 g, 56%). ESI—MS m/z calc. 137.1, found 138.1 (M+1)+; Retention time: 0.23 minutes (3 min run). 1HN1\/fR (400 MHZ, DMSO) 6 8.65 (3, 11-1), 843 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 — 7.48 (m, 1H), 2.61 (s, 3H).

Step 2: 3-Acetyl—1H—pyridin—2-one and S-acetyl—IH-pyridin-Z-one A020 / N+O pyrrolidine toluene A suspension of 1—(1—oxidopyridin—1—ium—3-yl)ethanone (1.93 g, 14.0 mmol) in acetic anhydride (21.6 mL, 229 mmol) was heated at reflux for 64 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate.

Silica gel was added and the slurry was d. The slurry was filtered using ethyl acetate and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a e of3-acetylpyridin—2(1H)— one and 5—acetylpyridin—2(lH)-one. To the e was added tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-l- carboxylate (278 g, 14.0 mmol), pyrrolidine (2.57 mL, 307 mmol) and toluene (19 mL).

Molecular sieves (1 g) were added and the mixture was heated at 110 °C for 17 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and was d using ethyl acetate, The filtrate was washed with water (2 x 50 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced re. The crude residue was purified on silica gel utilizing a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to yield z‘ert-butyl 4- W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 oxospiro[3H—pyrano[2,3—b]pyridine—2,4'—piperidine]—1'—carboxylate (614 mg, 14%). ESI—MS m/z calc. 3182, found 319.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.32 minutes (3 min run).

Step 3: Spiro[3H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-2,4'-piperidine]—4-one dihydrochloride HCI \ N‘n/O\f:\ d‘ onane N O tomene NFPZHCI 0 lert—Butyl 4~oxospiro[3H-pyran0[2,3 idine-2,4'—piperidine]- 1 '— carboxylate (614 mg, 1.93 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (4.6 mL). HCl in dioxane (2.4 mL of 4.0 M, 96 mmol) was added and the reaction e was d at room temperature for 40 minutes. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield spiro[3H-pyrano[2,3- b]pyridine—2,4'—piperidine]-4—one dihydrochloride. ESI-MS m/z calc. 218.1, found 2195 (M+1)+; Retention time: 0.20 minutes (3 min run). piperidine-4,2'-thiochromane]-4’-one Step 1: 1-(2-Sulfanylphenyl)ethanone HO O Me L1 H8 HS

[00187] To a solution of 2-sulfany1benzoic acid (25.0 g, 162 rnrnol) in THF (810 mL) was added methyllithium (334 mL of 1.6 M, 535 mol) at 0 °C over 1h. The mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature before it was quenched with water and sat. aq. NH4C1.

The mixture was made acidic (pH ~2) with the addition of 1N HCl. The phases were separated and the s phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was d by column chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give 1-(2—sulfanylphenyl)ethanone (23 .6 g, 91%) as an orange oil. EST-MS m/z calc, 152.0, found 153.1 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.10 W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD013) 5 7.88 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 2H), 7.25 — 7.12 (m, 1H), 4.48 (s, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H).

] Step 2: tert-Butyl 4'-0xospiro[piperidine—4,2'—thiochr0mane]~1~ carboxylate O o pyrrolidine HS + U 0 T \[< MeOH S N o 0 r K 0 To a solution of lerl-butyl 4~oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (342 mg, 1.72 mmol) in pyrrolidine (285 uL, 3.42 mmol) and anhydrous MeOH (460 11L) was added 1-(2- sulfanylphenyl)ethanone (260 mg, 1.71 mmol). The reaction e was stirred at 80 °C for 2.5 hours. ol was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (25 mL), washed with l N HCl (25 mL) and brine (25 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil was diluted with hexanes (25 mL) and was heated at 60 °C until in solution.

Once dissolved, the solution was filtered and was d to cool to ambient temperature. ls were were collected via vacuum filtration and were rinsed with hexanes to obtain tert— butyl 4'-oxospiro[piperidine-4,2'—thiochromane]carboxy1ate (350 mg, 61%) as a tan solid.

ESI-MS m/z calc. 333.1, found 334.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.87 minutes (3 min run). 1H N1VIR (400 MHz, CDC13) 5 8.08 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.46 — 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.30 — 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.23 — 7.14 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.23 (t, 1: 12.0 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (s, 2H), 1.92 (d, 1 = 13.6 Hz, 2H), 1.74 — 1.57 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

[00190] Step 3: Spiro[piperidine—4,2'-thiochr0mane]-4'-one hydrochloride S droxane.

NY0K S NH*HCI W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 A mixture of tert-butyl 4'-oxospiro[piperidine—4,2'—thiochromane] carboxylate (7.98 g, 23.9 mmol) and HCl in dioxane (18 mL of 4.0 M, 72 mmol) in iPrOH (120 mL) was allowed to stir for 30 min at 50 °C. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give piperidine—4,2’-thiochrornane]-4’-one hydrochloride (6.4 g, 99%) as alight brown solid.

ESI-VIS m/z calc. 233.1, found 234.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 0.74 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 6 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.24 — 3.14 (m, 2H), 3.14 — 2.94 (m, 4H), 2.00 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.2 Hz, 4H). (2-Methoxyphenyl)—(4-methoxyspiro[chromane—2,4'-piperidine]-1'- yl)methanone Step 1: 1'—(2-Meth0xybenzoyl)spiro[chromane—2,4'-piperidine]-4— HATU | E13N O DMF 0 O N NH 0\ A mixture of 2-methoxybenzoic acid (609 mg, 4.00 mmol), HATU (1.67 g, 4.40 mmol), DMF (4 mL), and 13th (1.67 mL, 12.0 mmol) was allowed to stir for 10 minutes at room ature. Spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin]one (869 mg, 4.00 mmol) was added and the mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hours. The reaction was quenched with brine and was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (3%-70% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give 1'-(2—methoxybenzoyl)spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]- 4-one as a white solid. EST—MS m/z calc. 351.2, found 3525 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.49 minutes (3 min run).

The following compounds were prepared using procedures reported above: t Amine Carboxylic Acid W0 2012/1 12743 2012/025374 1'—(2— sp1ro[chroman-2,4'-. . 2-(trifluoromethoxy) (trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl)sp1ro[chr p1per1d1n]one. I I benzou: aad. . oman—2,4'~piperidin]one 1'—(2— sp1ro[chroman-2,4‘-. 2-(d1fluoromethoxy). (difluoromethoxy)benzoyl)spiro[chr pipefidin]—4-one c acid oman—2,4'-piperidin]—4—one 2-isopr0 oxp y(4- T spiro[chroman-2,4'- 3-cyano—4- oxospiro[chroman—Z,4'-piperidine]- p1pend1n]-4—one. . . lsopropoxybenzom aCId. . . l ‘-y1carbonyl)benzonitri1e 1'-(4—tert-butyl—3— sp1ro[chroman*2,4'—. 4—tert-butyl methoxybenzoyl)spiro[chroman- . . . 2,4'-piperid1n]—4-one. p1pend1n]—4—one methoxybenzoic acid 1'—(4-bromomethoxy— . sp1ro[chromane-2,4'- 4-bromomethoxy— benzoy1)sp1ro[chromane-2,4'- p1per1d1ne]one. . I benzow amd. . piperidine]one 6-bromo—1'—(4—(2—hydroxypropan-2~ 6-bromosp1ro[chroman-. 4-(2-hydroxypropan—2— methylbenzoyl)spiro[chroman— . I . . I 2,4'—p1per1din]—4—one_ . 2,4'~p1per1d1n]—4-one yI)methylbenz010a01d Step 2: (4-hydr0xyspiro[chr0mane—2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)—(2- methoxyphenyl)methanone o OH I I 0 NaBH4 0 o o N MeOH N o 0 A mixture of 1'-(2-methoxybenzoyl)spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine] one (351 mg, 1.00 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was cooled to 0 °C. Sodium borohydride (75 mg, PCT/U52012/025374 2.0 mmol) was added portion-wise and the mixture was d to warm to room temperature.

The reaction was concentrated, quenched with sat. aq. NH4C1 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated.

The residue was dissolved in DMF and was purified by preparative HPLC (1—99% MeOH:H20) to give (4—hydroxyspiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-l'-y1)—(2~methoxyphenyl)methanone. ESI— MS m/z calc. 353.2, found 354.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.37 minutes (3 min run).

The following compounds were prepared using procedures reported above: Ketone Alcohol tert—butyl (4-tert-butyl-3—methoxyphenyl)(4- methoxybenzoyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'—piperidin]- hydroxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- 4—one piperidine]-l '-yl)methanone (4-bromomethoxyphenyl)(4- l‘-(4-bromomethoxy- hydroxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-. benzoyl)spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]one p1per1dine]-‘ ‘ l '-yl)methanone S—fluoro— l sopropoxy—3 - (5—fluoro—4-hydroxyspiro[chroman— methylbenzoyl)spiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidin]-4~ 2,4'—piperidine]- l '—yl)(4—isopropoxy— one 3-methylphenyl)methanone _L.._______~________—______

[00199] Step 3: (Z-Methoxyphenyl)—(4~methoxyspiro [chromane—2,4'- P Pi eridine]—1‘-yl)methanone OH 0/ @530 I 1 Mel 0 O Np . _. dbO Np o 0 To a on of (4-hydroxyspiro[chromane-Z,4‘-piperidine]-l'-y1)-(2- methoxyphenyl)-methanone (35 mg, 0.10 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added NaH (6 mg, 0, 15 W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 mmol, 60%). Mel (7.5 uL, 0.12 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight before it was filtered and purified by preparative I-IPLC (1-99% MeOHzl-i20) to give (2-methoxyphenyl)-(4-methoxyspiro[chromane-Z,4'—piperidine]-1’- yl)methanone. ESI-MS m/z calc. 3672, found 368.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.65 minutes (3 min run). pr0p0xy-3—methoxyphenyl)(4-isopr0poxyspir0[chr0man—2,4‘- piperidine]-l'—yl)methan0ne :7/ HATU 0* CHzciz NTKQEOW/ A mixture of 4-isopropoxy—3~methoxybenzoic acid (2l mg, 0.10 mmol), HATU (42 mg, 0.11 mmol), DMF (0.7 mL), and Et3N (42 uL, 0.30 mmol) was allowed to stir for 10 minutes at room ature. 4—Isopropoxyspiro[chroman-Z,4'-piperidine] (26 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added and the mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hours, The reaction was quenched with brine and was extracted with ethyl e (3x). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography % ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give (4-isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)(4- isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4‘-piperidine]—1'—yl)methanone as a white solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 453.3, found 4547 (M+l)+; Retention time: 2.00 minutes (3 min run).

] The following compounds were prepared using the procedure reported above: Product I Amine ‘ Carboxylic Acid7 (4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane—2,4'- 4—isopropoxyspiro 4—isopropylsulfonyl piperidine]-l'-yl)—(4- an-2,4'-pipendme]_ . ‘ benzorc ac1d_ . 1sopropylsulfonylphenyl)methanone_ (S)'(4'iSOPT0p0XY'3 ' - 4-isopropoxy-3 - 2012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid methoxypheny1)(4- isopropoxyspiro[chroman methoxybenzoic acid poxyspiro[chroman-2,4'— piperidine] piperidine}1'—yl)methanone (R)-(4-isopropoxy—3— (RM- methoxypheny1)(4— 4-isopr0poxy isopropoxyspiro[chroman isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- methoxybenzoic acid -2,4'-piperidine] piperidine]- 1'-yl)methanone (4—isopropoxymethylphenyl)(4- 4—isopropoxyspiro 4-isopropoxy isopropoxyspiro[chroman—2,4'~ [chroman—2,4‘-piperidine] methylbenzoic acid piperidine]-1’-yl)methanone (R)—(4—(2-hydroxypropan-2— (R) y1)pheny1)(4- 4-(2-hydroxypropanisopropoxyspiro [chroman isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- enzoic acid -2,4‘-piperidine] piperidine]-l’-yl)methan0ne (R)-(3 —(hydroxymethy1)_4_ (R) 3—(hydroxymethyl)-4— isopropoxyphenyl)(4_ isopropoxyspiro[chroman isopropoxybenzoic iSOPmpOXYSpilfl)[chroman—ZA‘. -2,4'-piperidine] acid piperidine}1'-y1)methanone (R)(4-isopropoxyspiro[chroman- (R)—4- 4-(N— 2,4'-piperidine]— 1 '-ylcarbonyl)—N— poxyspiro[chroman isopropylsulfamoyl)— isopropylbenzenesulfonanfide -2,4'-piperidine] benzoic acid (R)-(4-isoprop0xyphenyl)(4- (R) 4—isopropoxybenzoic poxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- isopropoxyspiro[chroman acid piperidine] - 1'—y1)methanone -2,4'—piperidine] _____I (R)-(4-(2-hydroxy (10 4-(2-hydroxy-2— methylpropy1)phenyl)(4- isopropoxyspiro[chroman methylpropyl)benzoic Product Amine ylic Acid isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- -2,4'-piperidine] acid piperidine]—1'—yl)methanone (R)—(4—isopropoxyspiro[chroman- (R) 2-(methoxymethyl) 2,4'—piperidine]—1'~yl)(2- isopropoxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid (methoxymethyl)phenyl)methanone -2,4'—piperidine] (R)-2—isopropoxy—5-(4- <R) 3 -cyano-4— poxyspiro[chroman—2,4‘- isopropoxyspiro[chroman isopropoxybenzoic piperidine]- 1 '— -2,4'-piperidine] acid ylcarbonyl)benzonitrile (R)-(4-isopropoxyspiro[chroman— (Io-4— 3-methyl 2,4'-piperidine]—1'-y1)(3 1~4~ isopropoxyspiro[chroman (methylsulfonyl) (methylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanone -2,4’-piperidine] benzoic acid —___J._______—___—_____‘ (R)-(4-(2-hydroxypropan—2—yl)—3- (R) 4-(2-hydroxypropan- methylphenyl)(4- isopropoxyspirokhroman 2-y1)—3 —methylbenz0ic isopropoxyspiro[chroman—2,4'~ -2,4'-piperidine] acid piperidine]- 1'—yl)methanone [(4R)-6—fluor0—4—isopropoxy- (4R)—6-fluoro—4— -isopropy1 Spiro [chromane-Z,4'—piperidine]— 1 ’- isopropoxy— sulfonylpyridine-2~ yl]-(5-isopropylsu1fony1—2- spiro[chromane-2,4'— carboxylic acid pyridyl)methanone dine] [4-(1-hydroxy—1-methyI-ethyl)—3— — 4-(1-hydroxy methoxy-phenyl]-[(4R) isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl-ethyl)-3 — isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- -piperidine] methoxy—benzoic acid piperidine}1'-y1]mcthanone [3-(hydroxymethyl)isopropoxy- (4S) 3-(hydroxymethy1) phenyl]-[(4S)—4- , isopropoxyspiro[chroman isopropoxy-benzoic l—______——___—________—___ PCT/U52012/025374 Product _1 Amine Carboxylic Acid isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- e-2,4'-piperidine] acid piperidine]-1’-y1]methanone [4-(1-hydroxy—1-methyl—ethyI)-3 — (4S)-4— 4-(1-hydroxy methyl-phenyl]—[(4S)—4— isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl-ethy1)—3 — isopropoxyspiro[chromatic-2,4'- e-2,4'-piperidinc] methyl-benzoic acid piperidine]- 1'-y1]methanone .____.__1 [4-(1-hydroxymethyl-ethy1)—3- (4 S)—4— 4—(1—hydroxy- 1 — y-pheny1]-[(4S) isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl-cthy1)-3 - isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- e~2,4’-piperidine] methoxy—benzoic acid piperidine}1'-yl]methanone ropoxy-5—[(4S) I (4S) 3-cyanoisopropoxy- isopropoxyspir0[chromane-2,4'- isopropoxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid piperidine]- 1 '-carbonyl]benzonitrile e-2,4'-piperidine] [(4R)-6—fluoroisopropoxy— (4R)—6-fluoro—4— 3 -(hydr0)qnncthy1) Spiro [chromane—Z,4’-piperidine]— 1 '— isopropoxy— isopropoxy-benzoic y1]-[3 ~(hydroxymethy1) spiro[chromane—2,4'— acid isopropoxy—phenyl]methanone piperidine] [(4R)fluor0isopropoxy- (4R)—6~flucro Spiro[chromane-2,4‘-piperidine]— 1 '— isopropoxy— 3 —methyl—4-(oxetan-3 — y1]-[3—methy1-4—(oxetan chromane—2,4'- y10xy)bcnzoic acid yloxy)phenyl]methanone dine] [(4R)—6-fluoro—4-isopropoxy- (4R)—6—fluorc 4-(1 -hydroxy— 1 — Spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1'- isopropoxy— methyl-ethy1)-3 - yl] - [4-( 1 -hydroxymcthyl-ethy1)- spir0[chromane-2,4‘- methoxy—benzoic acid 3-methoxy-phenyl]methanone piperidine] 6-fluoroisopropoxy- (4R)fluoro 3-methoxy[(3R)- W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 t Amine Carboxylic Acid ___._____.___—______—_____———___J Spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1‘- isopropoxy~ tetrahydrofixran y1]—[3 —methoxy—4-[(3R)- spiro[chromane—2,4‘— y1]oxy—benzoic acid ydrofuran—3 -y1] oxy- piperidine] pheny1]methanone [(4R)fluoro—4—isopropoxy- (4R)fluoro—4— 4-(2-hydroxyethOXY)‘ spiro [chromane-2,4'—piperidine] - 1 ‘- isopropoxy— 3—methoxy—benzoic y1]-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3— spiro[chromane—2,4'- acid methoxy—phenyl]methanone i piperidine] roxy-3~methy1-phenyl)-[(4S)- (4S)—4- 4—hydroxymethyl— 4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane-Z,4'- isopropoxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid piperidine} 1 ‘-y1]methanone —piperidine] fluoromethyl)—5—methy1- uoromethy1)-5— (4S)—4- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidiny1]- methyl-pyrazolo [1 ,5- isopropoxyspiro[chroman [(4S)isopr0poxyspiro[chromane- a]pyrimidine e-2,4'-piperidine] 2,4'-piperidine]—1'—yl]methanone carboxylic acid (4—hydroxy—Z-methoxy-phenyl)- (4S)—4— 4-hydroxy—2-methoxy- [(4S)—4—isopropoxyspiro[chromane— isopropoxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid 2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yi]methanone e-2,4'-piperidine] [(4S)—4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane— (4S)—4- 4-methoxymethyl— 2,4'-piperidine]—1'—yl]—(4-methoxy—3— 1 isopropoxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid methyl-phenyl)methanone e-2,4'—piperidine] [4-( 1 -hydroxy1nethy1- (4S)~4- 4—(1—hydroxy~ 1— ethyl)phenyl] - [(4S) isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl-ethyl)benzoic isopropoxyspiro[chromane—Z,4'— e-2,4'-piperidine] acid piperidine]-1'-y1]methanone (4-hydroxymethy1-phenyl)-[(4R)- (411) 4-hydroxy-3 -methyl- W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid 4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane-Z,4’- isopropoxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid piperidine]—1'-y1]methanone e-2,4'-piperidine] fluoromethy1)—5-methy1- 7-(difluor0methy1) (4R) pyrazolo[1, 5—a]pyrimidin-3 ~y1] ~ methyl—pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 — isopropoxyspiro[chroman [(4R)-4—isopropoxyspiro[chromane- midine—3 - e-Z,4’-piperidine] iperidine]—1'-y1]methanone ylic acid (4~hydroxy—2~methoxy-phenyl)- (4R) 4-hydroxy—2-methoxy- [(4R)isopropoxyspiro[chromane- isopropoxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid iperidine]—1'—y1]methan0ne e—2,4‘-piperidine] [(4R)-4—isopropoxyspiro[chromane- (4R)—4— 4-methoxymethy1- 2,4'-piperidine]—1’-y1]-(4-methoxy—3- isopropoxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid methyl-phenyl)methanone e-2,4'-piperidine] ———I [4-(3-hydroxypropoxy)methoxy- (4R) 4-(3— phenyl]-[(4R) isopropcxyspiro[chroman hydroxypropoxy) isopropoxyspiro[chromane—2,4'- e-Z,4’-piperidine] methoxy—benzoic acid piperidine} 1 ‘-y1]methanone [4-(3 —hydroxypropoxy)—3—methoxy— (4S)—4- 4-(3— phenyl]—[(4S)—4— isopropoxyspiro[chroman hydroxypropoxy)-3 - isopropoxyspiro[chromane—2,4'- e—2,4'-piperidine] methoxy—benzoic acid piperidine}1'-yl]methanone (5-isopropoxy-6—methy1pyridy1)— (4R) 5-isopropoxy [(4R)—4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane- poxyspiro[chroman —pyridine-Z- 2,4'—piperidine]—1'-y1]methanone e—Z,4'-piperidine] carboxylic acid (5—isopropoxymethy1-2—pyridyl)— (4S) 5-isopropoxy-6— [(48)isoprop0xyspiro[chromane- isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl-pyridine-Z- 2,4‘-piperidine]-1’—y1]methanone e-2,4'-piperidine] carboxylic acid W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid ____—____—__J [(4R)fluoro—4-isopropoxy- (4R)fluoro 3-methyl spiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine]— 1 '— isopropoxy— methylsulfonyI-benzoic yl]—(3—methyl—4—methylsu1fony1— spiro[chromane—2,4’- acid phenyl)methanone piperidine] [(4R)—6—fluoro—4-isopropoxy— (4R)—6~fluoro—4- Spiro [chromane—Z,4'-piperidine] - 1 '— isopropoxy- ropylsulfony1 y1]-(4- spir0[chromane-2,4'- benzoic acid isopropylsulfonylphenyl)methanone piperidine] 1H-indazolyl-[(4S)—4~ (4S) lH—indazoie—S— isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- isopropoxyspiro[chroman carboxylic acid piperidine]— 1'-yl]methanone e-2,4'-piperidine] [(4S)isopropoxyspiro[chromane- (4S) ylindazole 2,4‘-piperidine]-1'-y1]-(1- isopropoxyspiro[chroman carboxylic acid methylindazol-S—yl)methanone e-2,4‘-piperidine] [(4R)—4—isopropoxyspiro[chromane— (4R) 1-methylindazole iperidine]-1'-y1]-(1- isopropoxyspiro[chroman carboxylic acid methylindazol—S—yl)methanone e—Z,4'—piperidine] azolyl—[(4R)-4— - 1H—indazole isopropoxyspiro[chromane-Z,4'— isopropoxyspiro[chroman carboxylic acid piperidine} I'-y1]mcthanone e-2,4'-piperidine} (4-isopropoxymethy1-pheny1)—(4— 4- isopropoxyspiro[1,4,5,7- isopropoxyspiro[1,4,5,7- ropoxy tetrahydroindazole-6,4'-piperidine]- tetrahydroindazole-6,4'- methyl-benzoic acid 1 '-y])methanone piperidine] (4-isopropoxy-3 ~methy1-phenyl)-(5- 5-isopropoxyspiro[6,8- 4-isopropoxy isopropoxyspiro[6, 8-dihydro-5H— dihydro-SH—quinazoline- methyl-benzoic acid WO 12743 PCTfU$2012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid quinazoline-7,4’-piperidine]-1 '- 7,4'-piperidine] yl)methanone (4-isopropoxy-3 —methy1-pheny1)-(4 4-isopr0poxy- 1-methylisopropoxy —1—methy1-spiro[5,7— 4—isopropoxy-3— spiro[5,7—dihydro-4H— dihydro—4H—indazole-6,4'— methyl—benzoic acid indazole—6,4‘~pipefidine] piperidine}1'-yl)methanone (4-tert-butylsulfonylpheny1)- [(4R)- -fluoro—4— 4-tert— 6-fluoro-4—isopropoxy— isopropoxybutylsulfonylbenzoic spiro [chromane-2,4'-piperidine]- 1 ‘— spiro[chromane—2,4‘- acid y1]methanone piperidine] (4-cyclopropylsulfonylphenyl)— (4R)—6-fluoro [(4R)—6-fluoroisopropoxy- isopropoxy— 4-cyclopropylsulfonyl chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'- spiro[chromane-2,4'- benzoic acid yl]rnethanone piperidine] [4—(difluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]— (4R)—6—fluoro—4- [(4R)—6—fluoroisopropoxy- isopropoxy- 4-(difluoromethy1— spiro[chromane-2,4'~piperidine]- 1 '- spiro[chromane—2,4'— yl)benzoic acid yl]methanone piperidine] (7~fluoro-4—isopropoxy— 7-fluoro-4—isopropoxy- Spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'— 4-isopropoxy-3 — spiro[chromane~2,4'- yl)-(4-isopropoxymethoxy— methoxy—benzoic acid piperidine] phenyl)methanone [3 -fluoro( 1 -hydroxymethy1- 7-fluoro—4-isopropoxy— 3—fluoro( 1 - ethyl)phenyl]—(7-fluoro spiro[chromane-2,4'- ymethyl- isopropoxy-spiro[chromane-2,4'- piperidine] ethyl)benzoic acid dine]- methanone ____________________________—_—__l Product Amine Carboxylic Acid ———____—_L____________—__—__ [(4R)fluoroisopropoxy- (4R)fluoro spiro [chromane—2,4‘—piperidine]— 1 '— isopropoxy— 4—isopropylsulfony1—2- yl]-(4—isopropylsulfonyl—Z—methyl- spiro[chromane-2,4'- methyl-benzoic acid pheny1)methanone dine] [(4R)fluoroisopropoxy- (4R)—6-fluoro~4- spiro [chromane—Z,4‘-piperidine}~ 1 '- isopropoxy~ 4-isopropylsu1fonyl-3— yl]—(4~isopropylsu1fonyl—3 ~1nethy1- spiro[chromane—2,4’— -benzoic acid pheny1)methanone piperidine} (4—ethylsulf0nylphenyl)~[(4R) (4R)~6—fluoro—4— fluoroisopropoxy- isopropoxy— 4—ethylsu1fony1benzoic spiro [chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1’- spiro[chromane-2,4'— acid yl]methanone piperidine] ——__—__..—__—___—__—_.—__{ [(4R)fluor0-4—isopropoxy— -fluoro 2-methyl spiro [chromane—Z,4’-piperidine] - 1 '- isopropoxy— sulfonyI—benzoic yl]—(2-methyl—4—methylsulfonyl— chromane—2,4'— acid pheny1)methanone piperidine] —(6—fluoro-4—isopropoxy~ 6—fluoro—4—isopropoxy- 3-cyano—4— spiro [chromane—Z,4'-piperidine] - 1 ’— sp1ro[chromane—2,4'—. isopropylsulfonyl- carbonyl)—2—isopropylsultbnyl~ dine] benzoic acid benzonitrile (4-ethylsulfonyl-3 -methy1-pheny1)- (4R)~6-fluoro—4- [(4R)—6-fluoroisopropoxy- poxy— 4-ethylsulfonyl spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]— 1 '- spiro[chromane-2,4'- methyl-benzoic acid yl]methanone piperidine] -[(4R)fluoroisopropoxy- (4R)fluoro 3-cyano-4— spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'- isopropoxy- isopropylsulfonyl- carbonyl]isopropylsulfony1- spiro[chromane—2,4'- PCT/U52012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid benzonitrile dine] benzoic acid [(4R)—6,8—difluoro—4-isopropoxy— (4R)-6,8-difluoro—4— spiro[chromatic-2,4'-piperidine]-1'- isopr0p0xy_ 4-isopropylsu1fonyl yli-(4- spiro[chromane—2,4'— benzoic acid isopropyisulfonylpheny1)methanone piperidine] [(4R)-6,8—difluoro~4—isopropoxy— ,8-difluoro—4- Spiro[chromane-Z,4'~piperidine]-1'- isopropoxy- 4-ethylsulfony1~3~ yl] —(4-ethylsulfonyl-3 -methy1- spirofchromane—2,4'- methyl-benzoic acid phenyl)methanone piperidine] [(4R)-6,8-difluoroisopropoxy- (4R)-6,8~difluoro Spiro [chromane-2,4‘-piperidine]-1'- isopropoxy- 4-iSOpropylsulfony1 yl]-(4—isopropylsulfonyl-3 -methy1- chromane—2,4‘- methy1-benzoic acid phenyl)methanone dine] [(4R)-6—fluoro—4-isopropoxy- (4R)fluoro Spiro [chromane—Z,4‘-piperidine] — 1 '— isopropoxy- 4-(t1ifluoromethyl- y11-[4- spiro[chromane—2,4‘- sulfonyl)benz0ic acid (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)pheny1]met piperidine] hanone [(4R)fluoro—4-isopropoxy- (4R)—6—fluoro Spiro [chromane—Z,4'-piperidine}- 1 ‘— 4-(1- isopropoxy— y1]-[4-(1- hydroxycyclopentyl) chromane—2,4'- hydroxycyclopenty1)pheny1]methane benzoic acid piperidine] [2-(difluoromethoxy)isopropoxy- (4R)—6-fluoro—4- 2-(difluoromethoxy)— phenyl]-[(4R)fluoro isopropoxy- 4-isopropoxy-benzoic poxy-spiro[chromane-2,4‘- spiro[chromane-2,4'- acid W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid p1per1d1ne]-1'-y1]methanone piperidme] [(4R)—6—fluor0-4—isopropoxy— (4R)-6—fluoro-4— chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]—1'- isopropoxy- isopropylsulfonylpyridl' . . yl]—(5—isopropylsulfonyl—2— spiro[chromane—2,4’— ne-Z-Carboxylic acid l)methan0ne piperidine] hydroxy—1 -methyl—ethy1)—3- (4R) 4-(1 -hydroxy-l - methoxy-pheny1]-[(4R)-4— isopropoxysp1r0[chroman. . I methyl-ethy1) isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4’- _ ' ' . . . e-2,4'-p1per1d1ne] methoxy-benzmc amd p1peridine]-1'—y1]methanone t"—“ [3 -(hydroxymethy1)-4—isopropoxy- (4S)-4~ roxymethyl)—4- phenyl]—[(4S>—4- isopropoxyspiro[chroman. . isopropoxy-benzow. . isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- . _ amd~ . . . e-Z,4‘-p1per1d1ne]_ p1pcr1d1ne]-1‘-y1]methanone ——————————————{__—______J—_—__ [4-(1 -hydroxy-] -methyI-ethy1)-3— (4S)—4— 4—(1 ~hydroxy-1— methyl—phenyl]—[(4S)—4— isopropoxysp1r0[chroman_ . methyl—ethyl) isopropoxyspiro[chromane—2,4'-_ . . . e-Z,4‘-piperidine] methyl—benzoic acid p1per1d1ne]—1‘-y1]methanone [4-(1-hydr0xy—1~methyl-ethyl)—3— (4S) 4-(1 —hydroxy— 1 - methoxy-pheny1]-[(4S) isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl-ethyl) isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4‘- e—2,4'~p1per1dme]. ' . methoxy—benzmc ac1d. ‘ dine]-1'~yl]methanone 2-isopr0p0xy[(4S) (413)—4~ j ‘ _ _ _ 3—cyano—4-1sopropoxy— isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4’- isopropoxysp1r0[chroman benzoic ac1d. piperidine]-1’-c-arbonyl]benzonitr11e. . _ e—Z,4'-p1perid1ne]. . _ [(4R)fluor0isopropoxy- ' (4R)-6—fluoro—4- 3-(hydroxymethyl) spiro ane-Z,4'-piperidine]— 1 '- isopropoxy— isopropoxy-benzoic 2012/025374 t Amine Carboxylic Acid ___——_______________—______1 Y1]‘[3 -(hydroxymethy1) spiro[chromane—2,4'~ acid isopropoxy-pheny1]methanone piperidine] (R)-2—(4-(4- (4R)-4— 3-methoxy-4—(2- isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'— isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl- ] —oxopropan- piperidine]—1'—y1carbony1)-2~ e-2,4'~piperidine] 2-y])benzoic acid methoxyphenyl)—2—methylpropanal (S)—2—(4—(4- (4S)—4methoxy—4—(2- poxyspiro[chroman~2,4'- isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl- 1 ~oxopropan- piperidine]—1’—ylcarbonyl) e—2,4'-piperidine] 2—yl)benzoic acid Inethoxyphenyl)—2-methy1propanal (R)—(6-fluoro -fluoro isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'— 3-methoxy(2- isopropoxy- piperidine]-1'-y])(4-(l-hydroxy—2— methyl-1 -oxopropan— spiro[chromane-2,4‘- methylpropan-Z-y1) 2-yl)benzoic acid piperidine] methoxyphenyl)methanone (4-isopropoxy—3-meth0xypheny1)(4- 4- 4—isopropoxy-3 — (isopropoxymethyl)spiro[chroman- opoxymethyl)spiro[ methoxybenzoic acid 2,4‘-piperidine]—1'—yl)methanone chroman-2,4'-piperidine] (4—(2-hydroxypropan yl)pheny1)(4- 4-(2-hydroxypropan- (isopropoxymethy1)spiro[ (isopropoxymethyl)spiro[chroman— 2-yl)benzoic acid chroman—2,4'- piperidine] 2,4'-piperidine]-1'-y1)methanone (4—(2-hydroxypropany1)—3- 4- 4-(2-hydroxypropan— methoxyphenyl)(4- (isopropoxymethyl)spiro[ 3- opoxymethyl)spiro[chroman- chIOInan-2,4'— piperidine] methoxybenzoic acid 2,4'—piperidine]-1'-y1)methanone W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid (3—(hydroxymethy1) 4- 3 —(hydroxymethyl) iSOPr0pOxyphenyl)(4. ' opoxymethyl)spiro[ isopropoxybenzoic I (iSOPFOPOXYmethyl)spiro[chroman- chroman-2,4'- piperidine] acid 2,4’-piperidine]-1'-y1)methanone (8—fluor0—4- 8-fluoro—4- (trideuteriomethoxymethyl)Spiro[chr 4-(2-hydr0xypropan— uteriomethoxymethy 0111an-2,4'-piperidine]—1'—y1)(4—(2— 2-y1)-3 lbenzoic 1)spir0[chroman—2,4'~ hydroxypropan—Z-yl) acid dine] methylphenyl)methanone (8-fluoro 8-fluor0-4— 4-(2-hydr0xypropan- (trideuteriomethoxymethyl)Spiro[chr 2-y1)benzoic acid (trideuteriomethoxymethy oman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)(4-(2- I)spiro[chroman—2,4'- hydroxypropan—Z— piperidine] yl)phenyl)methanone (8—fluoro—4— 8-fluoro—4— (methoxymethyl)Spiro[chroman- (trideuteriomethoxymethy 4-isopr0poxy—3- 2,4'—piperidine]-1'—yl)(4—isopropoxy- o[chroman—2,4'- methoxybenzoic acid 3 —meth0xyphenyl)methanone piperidine] [3-fluoro(1-hydroxymethy1— (4R)—7—fluoro-4~ ethyl)pheny1]—[(4R)fluoro 3 —fluoro—4-( 1 - isopropoxy~ isopropoxy-spiro[chromane-2,4’— hydroxy— 1 -methyl— spiro[chromane~2,4’- piperidine} 1'-y1]methanone ethy1)benzoic acid dine] [3 -fluoro(1 -hydroxymethyl- (4S)fluoro—4— 3-fluoro(1- ethy1)phenyl]-[(4S)fluoro isopropoxy— hydroxymethyl- poxy-spiro[chromane-2,4'~ spiro[chromane—2,4'- ethyl)benzoic acid piperidine]—1'-y1]methanone piperidine] WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid _———_——l [(4K)—6-fluoro—4—isopropoxy- (4R)—6-fluoro—4- Spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'- 5-isopr0pylsulfony1 isopropoxy— yl]~(5-isopropylsu1fonyl—6—methy1—2— methyl—pyridine—2— spiro[chromane-2,4’- pyridyl)methanone carboxylic acid piperidine] [(4R)fluoroisopropoxy- (4R)—6-fluoro~4- Spiro [chromane-2,4'-piperidine]- 1 '- isopropoxy- 4-isobutylsulfony1 yll-(4- spiro[chromane—2,4'— benzoic acid isobutylsulfonylphenyl)methan0ne piperidine] [(4R)ethoxyfluoro- (4R)—4—ethoxy—6—fluoro— Spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]_1._ 4-isopropylsu1fonyl spiro[chromane—2,4'— - benzoic acid piperidine] i sopropylsulfonylphenyl)methanone -[(4R)—4—ethoxyfluoro- (4R)—4-ethoxyfluorocyan0—4— Spiro [chromane-Z,4'—piperidine]- 1 '- spiro[chromane—2,4‘- isopropylsulfonylcarbonyl opropylsulfony1~ piperidine] benzoic acid benzonitrile 4-ethoxy-6—fluor0— (4R)ethoxyfluoro_ 4-isobutylsulfony1 Spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]~ 1 '— spiro[chromane~2,4‘- benzoic acid yll-(4- piperidine] isobutylsulfonylphenyl)methanone [4—(difluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]- (4R)ethoxy—6-fluoro- [(4R)ethoxyfluoro— spiro[chromane-2,4'— uoromethy1- Spiro [chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1 '- piperidine] sulfonyl)benzoic acid y1]methanone [(4R)fluoroisopropoxy- (4R)fluoro 2-(trifluoromethoxy) Spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine] — 1 '- poxy— benzoic acid PCT/U82012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid yl]-[2~ spiro[chromane-2,4'- oromethoxy)phenyl]methanon piperidine] (3—fluoro—4—isopropoxy—phenyl)— ( R)4 —6—fluoro 3-fluoro-4— [(4R)-6—fluoro~4-1sopropoxy- poxy— isopropoxy—benzoic Spiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine]-1'- spiro[chromane-2,4'- acid yl]methanone piperidine] [3 fluoro- (1 hydroxy- — 1 methy- 1- (4R) 6 fluoro 4- - - - 3~fluoro-4_( 1_ ethy1)pheny1]-[(4R)flu0ro—4- Isopropoxy— hydroxy—l-methyl- isopropoxy-spiro [chromane-2,4‘- Spll"0[C romane 2’4, h _ I_ ethyl)ben201c a01d, . piperidine]—1'7y1]methanone piperidine] M~—___1 -fluoro—4- (S-ethyl-Z-pyridyl)-[(4R)—6-fluoro- isopropoxy- S-ethylpyridine—Z- 4-isopropoxy-spiro[chromane-2,4'- Spiro[chromane-274‘- carboxylic acid dine}1’-y1]methanone piperidinc] (5—ethoxy—2-pyridy1)-[(4R)—6- (4R)fluoro—4- 4-isopropoxy— isopropoxy— S—ethoxypyridine—Z— Spiro [chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]- 1'— spiro[chromane—2,4'~ ylic acid y1]methanone piperidine] [5-(cyclopropylmethylsulfony1)—2— 6-fluoro—4-isopropoxy— 5-(cyclopropylmethy1~ pyridyl]—(6—fluoro—4-isopropoxy- spiro{chromane—2,4'- sulfonyl)pyridine—2- Spiro[chromane—Z,4'—piperidine]~1'- piperidine] carboxylic acid yl)methanone L————.____.___.—____ [4-(difluoromethoxy)methoxy- (4R)fluoro—4— 4—(difluoromethoxy)- phenyl]-[(4R)fluoro—4- isopropoxyisopropoxy-spiro [chromane-2,4'— . 3-methoxy—benzoic sp1ro[chromane—2,4'- amd. piperidine]-l'-yl]methanone piperldlne]' . y1-3~1nethoxy—phenyl)-[(4R)- (4R)fluoro 4-ethy1-3 -methoxy— PCT/U82012/025374 __—.___—_____—_—____________—l Product Amine Carboxylic Acid —————————l_________—_—___—__ 6-fluoroisopropoxy— isopropoxy- benzoic acid Spiro [chromane—Z,4'—piperidine] - 1 '- spiro[chromane—2,4'— yl]methanone piperidine] [5—(cyclobutylmethylsulfonyl)—2— (4R)—6-fluoro—4~ -(cyc10butylmethy1- .pyridyl]-[(4R)—6—fluoro-4— isopropoxy- sulfonyl)pyridine isopropoxy—spiro[chromane—2,4'~ spiro[chromane—2,4‘~ ylic acid pipcridine}1'-y1]mcthanonc piperidine] (3 ~hydroxy—4-isopropoxy-phenyl)- (4R) 3 -hydroxy—4- [(4K)isopropoxyspiro[chromatic— isopropcxyspiro[chroman isopropoxy-benzoic 2,4'—piperidine]—1'-y1]methanone e-2,4’-piperidine] acid [(4R)isopropoxyspiro[chromane- (4R)—4— 2—mcthoxy—6-1nethy1- iperidine]-1'-y1]-(2-methoxy isopropoxyspiro[chroman pyridine—3 xy1ic methylpyridy1)methanone e-2,4'-piperidine] acid ——__.—__—__._—_____—1 [(4R)isopropoxyspiro[chromane— (4R)-4— quinolinecarboxylic 2,4'-piperidine]-1'—y1]-(8- poxyspiro[chroman acid quinolyl)methan0ne e-2,4'-piperidine] L———————____.——_—___—______—___._—__.______. (6—isopropoxy—3 -pyridy1)—[(4R) (4R) 6-isopr0poxypyridine- isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- isopropoxyspiro[chroman 3-carboxylic acid piperidine]—1'-y1]methanone —piperidine] fluoromethoxy)methoxy— (4R) 4-(difluoromethoxy)~ pheny1]—[(4R)—4- poxyspiro[chroman 3 -meth0xy-benzoic isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- e-2,4'—piperidine] acid piperidine]—1'-y1]methanone [3 -fluoro—4-(1-hydroxymethy1— (4R) 3—fluoro( 1 - pheny1] —[(4R)—4— isopropoxyspiro[chroman hydroxy— 1 -methyl- isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- e-2,4‘-piperidine] ethy1)benzoic acid piperidine]-1'-yl]methanone (3 -fluoroisopropoxy-pheny1)- (439 3 -fluoro PCT/U$2012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid [(4R)isopropoxyspiro[chromane- isopropoxyspiro[chrornan isopropoxy-benzoic 2,4'—piperidine]—1'—y1]methanone e—2,4'—piperidine] acid (2-fluoro-4—isopropoxy—phenyl)- (4R) 2-fluoro—4- [(4R)-4—isopropoxyspiro[chromane— isopropoxyspiro[chroman isopropoxy—benzoic 2,4'—piperidine]-1'-y1]methanonc e-2,4'-piperidine] acid (4—ethy1—3—methoxy-pheny1)-[(4R)- (4R)—4— l—3 ~methoxy- 4-isopr0p0xyspiro[chromane—2,4’~ poxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid dine] — 1'—y1]methanone e—2,4‘-piperidine] (4—isopropoxy—Z-methyl~phenyl)— (4R)-4— 4—isopropoxy—2- [(4R)—4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane— poxyspiro[chroman methyl-benzoic acid 2,4’-piperidine]-1'—yl]methanone e—2,4'-piperidine] (4—ethoxy-3—fluoro-phenyl)-[(4R) (4R) 4-ethoxyfluoro— isopropoxyspiro[chromane—2,4'- isopropcxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid piperidine}1’-y1]methanone e-2,4’-piperidine] (4-isopropoxy-3 -methyl-phenyl)- (4R) 4-isopropoxy—3— [(4R)isopropoxyspiro[chromane- isopropoxyspiro[chroman methyl-benzoic acid 2,4'-pipefidine]—1'-y1]methanone e—2,4’-piperidine] (4-hydroxy-3~methoxy—pheny1)- — 1 4-hydr0xy—3-methoxy- 4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane- poxyspiro[chroman benzoic acid 2,4‘—piperidine]-1'—yl]methanone e—Z,4‘-piperidine] [(4R)-6—fluoro-4—isopropoxy- (4R)fluoro~4— Spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]~1'— isopropoxy— 4-isopropylsulfiny1 yll-(4- spiro[chromane—2,4'— benzoic acid isopropylsulfinylphenyl)methanone piperidine] [(4R)—6—fluoro-4—isopropoxy— (4R)—6—fluoro—4— Spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1'— isopropoxy— 4-isopropylsulfanyl y11-(4- spiro[chromane-2,4‘- benzoic acid isopropylsulfanylpheny1)methanone piperidine] ____—__—______________—___________k W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 Product Amine Carboxylic Acid N-[4-[(4R)fluoroisopropoxy- (4R)fluoro Spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-l'- isopropoxy- 4-(isopropylsulfonyl- carbonyl]phenyl]propane—2— spiro[chromane—2,4’- benzoic acid sulfonamide piperidine] , ~fluoro—4- -[(4R)—6-fluoro-4—1sopropoxy-. _ ' isopropoxy— 3—cyanoisopropoxy— spiro [chromane—Z,4'—p1peridine]- 1 '- benzoic acid carbonyl]—2—1sopropoxy-benzomtrile. _ . spiro[chromane—2,4'- piperidine] _ (4R)~6-fluoro—4— [(4R)—6—fluoro—4-1sopropoxy— _ _ isopropoxy— 5—hydroxypyridine splro[chromane-2,4'-p1peridine]- l '- sp1ro[chromane—2,4‘-. ylic acid yl]—(5 -hydroxypyr1dyl)methanone_ piperidine] (4-Isopropoxymethoxy-phenyl)-(4-methoxyspiro [chromane—2,4’- piperidinel-l '-yl)methanone Step 1: 1'-(4-Isopr0p0xymethoxy-benzoyl)spiro[chromane-2,4'- piperidine]-4—0ne O I O EDCI, Et3N + H0 O l2 NH 0 Spiro[chroman—2,4'~piperidine]-4—one (3.26 g, 12.9 mmol), 4- isopropoxy-3—methoxy-benzoic acid (2.97 g, 14.1 mmol), Eth (6.50 mL, 466 mmol), and EDCI (2.71 g: 141 mmol) were combined in CH2C12 (35 mL). The reaction mixture was d at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was washed three times with a 1M solution of hydrochloric acid, followed by three washes with a saturated aqueous on of sodium bicarbonate, followed by three washes of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness to PCT/U52012/025374 98 ‘ yield l'-(4-isopropoxymethoxy—benzoyl)spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]one (5.14 g, 97%) as a pale yellow solid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 4092, found 410.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.61 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.73 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 — 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.14 — 6.88 (m, 5H), 4.59 (hept, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38 — 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.87 (s, 2H), 2.06 — 1.62 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H).

Step 2: (4—Hydr0xyspiro[chromane-ZA'-piperidine]—1'-yl)—(4— isopropoxy-S-methoxy-phenyl)methanone 0 OH db 0 NaBH4 o o EtOH 0 N\n/go/ N 0/ o 0 1 '-(4-Isopropoxy~3 -methoxy—benzoyl)spiro ane—2,4'-piperidine]~4- one (1.74 g, 4.24 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (10 mL). NaBH4 (80 mg, 2.1 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 6 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between a saturated aqueous on of sodium bicarbonate and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and the c layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, d, and ated to dryness to yield (4—hydroxyspiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)-(4- poxy—3—rnethoxy—phenyl)methanone (1.45 g, 83%) as a white solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 411.2, found 412.5 (M+l)+; Retention time: 1.47 minutes (3 min run).

The following compounds were prepared using procedures reported above: Ketone Alcohol (4-hydroxyspiro[chroman-2,4'— l'-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl)spiro[chroman—2,4'- piperidine]- 1 ’-yl)(2- piperidin]one (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl) methanone 1‘-(2-(difluoromethoxy)benzoyl)Spiro[chroman-2,4'— (2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)(4- ——L— W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 piperidin]-4—one hydroxyspiro[chroman—2,4'- piperidine]-1'-y1)methanone ydroxyspiro[chroman—2,4'— 2—isopropoxy(4-oxospiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]- p1peridine]-1. '-ylcarbonyl)—2- l '-ylcarbonyl)benzonitrile isopropoxybenzonitrile Step 3: (4-lsopropoxymethoxy-phenyl)—(4— methoxyspiro [chromane—2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone OH 0/ Y Y 0 O/ Mel O Nm/CEO/ o o

[00211] To a vial was added (4-hydroxyspiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1‘-y1)- (4-isopropoxymethoxy—phenyl)methanone (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and THE (1 mL). The vial was cooled to 0 °C before NaH (7.3 mg, 0.18 mmol, 60%) was added. The mixture was allowed to stir for 10 minutes before Mel (51 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to stir overnight before it was filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in DMF and was d by ative HPLC (20%-99% MeOHszO) to give (4—isopropoxy—3— methoxy-phenyl)—(4—methoxyspiro[chromane-2,4’-piperidine]-l '-yl)methanone. EST—MS m/z calc. 425.2, found 426.3 (Mt-1): Retention time: 181 minutes (3 min run).

The following compounds were prepared using the ure reported above: Product Alkyl halide I (4—ethoxyspiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidine]—1’—yl)(4— iodoethane isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)methanone (4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)Spiro[chroman—Z,4'-piperidine]- (iodomethyl)cyclopropane W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 Product Alkyl halide 1‘-y1)(4-isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)methanone ———-1 (4-isopropoxy-3—methoxyphenyl)(4-(pyridin—3— 3 -(bromomethyl)pyridine ylmethoxy)spiro[chroman-Z,4'—pipefidine]-1'- hydrobromide hanone (4—(2-(diethylamino)eth0xy)Spiro[chroman-2,4'— 2-bromo-N,N— piperidine} 1 '-y1)(4~isopropoxy—3— lethanamine methoxyphenyl)methanone hydrobromide (4-cyclopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4‘—piperidine]-1'-y1)(4- bromocyclopropane isopropoxyrnethoxyphenyl)methanone (R)-(6-fluoroisopr0poxyspiro{chroman-2,4‘- dine]-1'-y1)(4-isopropoxy—3— 2—bromopropane methoxyphenyl)methanone —__________l (4-(allyloxy)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)(4- allyl bromide isopropoxy—3—methoxyphenyl)methanone 4'—isoPr0Poxy—3',4'—dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,2'- pyrano [3 ,2—c]pyridine]-] -y1)(4-i sopropoxy—S — 2—bromopropane phenyl)methanone (4'-isopropoxy—3',4'-dihydrospiro[piperidine—4,2'- pyrano[2,3-c]pyridine]—1~y1)(4~isopr0poxy—3 — 2-bromopropane methylphenyl)methanone 2—( 1 '—(4—isopropoxy—3~methoxybenzoyl)spiro[chroman— Z-fluorobenzonitrile 2,4'-piperidine]yloxy)benzonitrile _.—__—___.___—______—______r____________—_ (4-isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)(4-(pyridin 3 -fluoropyridine yloxy)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-y1)methanone -(1'-(4-isopropoxy-3 -methoxybenzoyl)spiro[chroman- S-tluororficotinonitfile W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 Alkyl halide 2,4'-piperidine]yloxy)niootinonitrile _ (4—Isopropoxymethoxy-phenyl)-[4—(2- methylsulfonYlethoxy spiro chromane~2,4'—piperidine -1'- l]methanoney 0% ,p OH O/\/S\ 0:50 Y Y 0 0 + /\f“s”o m—MC' Q50 O HO \ o NYaO/ d onane N m/(ZO/ O O

[00214] To a vial was added (4-hydroxyspiro[chromane—2,4'-piperidine]—l‘-yl)- (4—isopr0poxy—3-methoxy—phenyl)methanone (21 mg, 0.050 mmol), 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanol (19 mg, 0.15 mmol), dioxane (0.5 mL), and HCl (38 “L, 0.15 mmol, 40 M in e). The e was heated at 65 °C for 6 hours before it was filtered and d by preparative HPLC (20%-99% MeOH2HZO) to give (4-isopropoxymethoxy-phenyl)-[4-(2- methylsulfonylethoxy)spiro[chromane-ZA'-piperidine]—1'-y1]methanone. ESI-MS m/z calc. 517.2, found 518.] (M+1)+; ion time: 1.63 minutes (3 min run) The following compounds were prepared using procedures reported above: Product Alcohol (4-i sopropoxymethoxyphenyl)(4-((S)-l - methoxypropan—Z-yloxy)spiro[chroman~2,4'— (S)- 1 —methoxypropan—2—ol piperidine]-1'-y1)methanone (4—isopropoxy—3—methoxyphenyl)(4-((R)~ tetrahydrofuran-3 ~yloxy)spiro[chroman-2,4'- (R)-tetrahydrofi1ran—3 -ol piperidine} 1'-yl)methanone (4-isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)(4-((R)—1- (R)methoxypr0panol W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 methoxypropan-Z-yloxy)spiro[chroman-2,4'- piperidineJ-1'-y1)methanone ———————.______._________1__—____—__—_ (4—isopr0poxy—3—methoxyphenyl)(4—((S)— tetrahydrofuran—3 —yloxy)spiro[chroman-2,4'- (S)-tetrahydr0fi1ran—3-01 piperidine} 1 '-y1)methanone (4—isopropoxyspiro[chroman-Z,4‘-piperidine]~1'-y1)(2- propan-Z-ol (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)methanone (2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)(4— poxyspiro [chroman—2,4’—piperidine]- 1 '— -Z-ol yl)methanone 2-isopropoxy(4-isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4’- _ propan-Z—ol piperidme] - 1 '-y1carbonyl)benzon1tr11e‘ . (4-cyclobutoxyspiro [chroman—Z,4'-pipen'dine]- 1 '-y1)(4- . cyclobutanol Isopropoxy—3 -methoxypheny1)methanone (4-tert—buty1-3 -methoxyphenyl)(4- isopropoxyspiro[chroman—Z,4'-piperidine]-1'— ol yl)methanone (4—bromo—3—methoxyphenyl)(4~ isopropoxyspiro[chroman-Z,4‘-piperidine]-1'- propan—Z-ol yl)methanone (ZS)—methyl 2—(1'-(4-isopropoxy-3~ . . . . (S)-methy12- methoxybenzoyl)sp1ro[chroman—Z,4'-p1per1d1ne] hydroxypropanoate propanoate (8-fluoro-4—isopr0poxy-spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)-(4— isopropylsulfonylmethyl-phenyl)methanone 2012/025374 HNIQEKB iPrOH OO To a solution of (8-fluorohydroxy-spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]—1’- yl)—(4~isopropylsulfonyl—3-rnethyl-phenyl)methanone (134 mg, 0.29 mmol) in iPrOH (0.5 mL) was added trifluoromethylsulfonyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (8.2 mg, 4.9 11L, 0.029 mmol). The solution was heated under microwave irradiation at 110 °C for 30 minutes. Afier allowing to stand for 1 hour, the reaction mixture was filtered to collect crystalline white solids. They were dissolved in DMF and purified by UV—triggered HPLC to provide (8—fluor0—4-isopropoxy- Spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)—(4—isopropylsulfonyl-3 -methy1—phenyl)methanone as a colorless solid = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, . lHNMR (400 MHZ, CDC13) 5 8.02 (d, J 2H), 7.10 (d, 1= 78 Hz, 1H), 7.03 — 6.95 (m, 1H), 6.86 (td, J = 7.9, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J= 14.2 Hz, 2H), 3.91 — 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.67 — 3.20 (m, 4H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.32 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.18 — 1.94 (m, 3H), 1.79 (dd, J = 25.7, 10.1 Hz, 2H), 1.57 (d, J= 10.4 Hz, 2H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.28 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H). ESI-MS m/z calc. 503.21417, found 504.4 (M+1) + ; Retention time: 1.88 minutes

[00218] The following compounds were prepared using the procedure reported above: (8—fluoroisopropoxyspiro[chroman—2,4‘-piperidine]—1'-yl)(4-isopropoxy methoxyphenyl)methanone; ro—4-isopropoxyspiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidine]—1'-yl)(4- (isopropylsulfonyl)pheny1)methanone.

((R)((S)—1—Hydroxypr0panyloxy)spiro[chr0man-2,4'- piperidine]-1'-yl)(4-isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)methanone and ((S)((S) ypropan-Z-yloxy)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)(4-isopropoxy-3— methoxyphenyl)methan0ne W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 M80 0 HO HO Z, l? 1.0 NaBH4 \ o —'—’ O 0 ° weir0 ghee“l .

O VoltO l I I O O O To a vial containing methyl (ZS)—2—[1‘—(4-isopropoxy—3—methoxy- benzoyl)spiro—[chromane—Z,4‘-piperidine]—4—yl]oxypropanoate (20 mg, 0.040 mmol) was added iPrOH (2 mL) and NaBH4 (4.6 mg, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir for 3h at ambient temperature. The mixture was filtered and purified by preparative HPLC (20%-99% MeOH2HZO) to give -((S)—1—hydroxypropanyloxy)spiro[chroman-2,4'—piperidine]—1'— yl)(4-isopropoxy—3 ~1nethoxyphenyl)methanone [ESI—MS m/z calc. 469.3, found 470.5 (M+l)+; Retention time: 1.64 minutes (3 min run)] and ((S)—4—((S)-l—hydroxypropan-2— yloxy)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]— l 4—isopropoxy—3-methoxyphenyl)methanone [ESI- MS m/z calc. 469.3, found 4705 (M+l)+; Retention time: 1.58 minutes (3 min run)].

] (R)-(4-(l-hydroxy—Z-methylpropan-Z-yl)-3—methoxyphenyl)(4- isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1’-yl)methanone O O o\ o\ O OH Sodium borohydride (26.8 mg, 0.7 mmol) was added to a solution of 1 5 (R)(4-(4—isopropoxyspiro[chroman—Z,4'-piperidine] ~ 1 '~ylcarbonyl)—2-methoxyphenyl)-2— methylpropanal (110 mg, 0.24 mmol) in methanol at room temperature. After 30 minutes, the e was filtered and concentrated and purified by mass triggered HPLC (10%-99%) ACNzHQO with no r. ESI—MS m/z calc. 467.4, found 468.6 (M+1)+; Retention time: .85 minutes (15 min run).

[00223] The following compounds were prepared using the procedure reported above: WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 (S)—(4—(l -hydroxymethylpropan—Z—yl)—3 —methoxyphenyl)(4—isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4‘- piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone; -fluoroisopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4’-piperidine]—1’-yl)(4-(l-hydroxy methylpropan—Z—yl)-3 -methoxyphenyl)methanoner (4-Isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)(4-isopropoxy methoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidincl-1'-yl)methanone Step 1: (4-lsopropoxymethoxy-pheny1)-spiro[chromene-2,4'- piperidine]-l '—yl—methan0ne Y \ Y o stOH O O O dioxane NWKCE / O 0

[00226] (4—Hydroxyspiro [chromane—Z,4'—piperidine]- l '—yl)—(4—isopropoxy—3 ~ methoxy-phenyl)methanone (1.45 g, 3.52 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (10 mL). 4- methylbenzenesulfonic acid hydrate (771 mg, 4.05 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 90 °C for 2 h. The reaction e was then partitioned between a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed two times with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, once with a saturated s solution of sodium chloride, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and ated to dryness to yield (4-isopropoxy-3 —methoxy—phenyl)-spiro[chromene-Z,4'—piperidine]-1'-yl- methanone (1.40 g, 99%) as a pale yellow oil. ESI—MS m/z calc. 393.2, found 394.5 (M+l)+; Retention time: 1.85 minutes (3 min run).

[00227] Step 2: (1a,7b-Dihydrospiro[0xireno[2,3-c]chr0mene-2,4'- piperidine]—1‘-yl)(4—isopropoxy-3—methoxyphenyl)methanone O mCPBA O O O O O W0 2012/1 12743 To (4-isopropoxy—3~methoxy—phenyI)-spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]- 1‘-yl-methanone (180 mg, 0.458 mmol) and CHQClz (4 mL) was added mCPBA (154 mg, 0.686 mmol) and the mixture was allowed to stir at 25 °C for 2h. The reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous sodium sulfite and was allowed to stir for 30 s. The mixture was extracted with CHZClz (2x). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography % ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give -dihydrospiro[oxireno[2,3-c]chromene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-y1)(4-isopropoxy—3 - methoxypheny1)methanone as a colorless oil.

Step 3: (3-Hydr0xyisopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]- 1'-y1)(4-isopropoxy—S-methoxyphenyl)methanone 0 Y OH Y O lnCl3 O O O Nflo/ IPrOH' N\N/EZO/ O 0 To (1a,7b—dihydrospiro[oxireno[2,3 -c]chromene-2,4’-piperidine]- 1 '- y1)(4-isopropoxy-3 -methoxyphenyl)methanone (27 mg, 0.066 mmol) was added iPrOH (720 uL, 9.40 mmol) followed by 1nC13 (10.1 mg, 0.0459 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir for 2 hours before it was filtered and purified by preparative HPLC 9% MeOHzHZO) to yield (4~isopropoxy-3 -methoxy—phenyI)-[(3 S,4R)isopropoxy—3 -methoxy-spiro[chromane— 2,4'-piperidine]-1'-y1]methanone (33 mg, 14%) as a white solid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 469.3, found 4705 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.71 minutes (3 min run).

] Step 4: (4-Isopropoxy—S—methoxyphenyl)(4-isopropoxy-3— methoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1’-y1)methan0ne A0 /‘\0 OH Y O Y O NaH, DMF; O O O N Mel N O O W0 2012/112743 PCT/U$2012/025374 To (4-isopropoxy-3 ~methoxy-phenyl)-[(3 S,4R)isopropoxy—3 - methoxy—spiro-[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-l'-yl]methanone (33 mg, 0.07 mmol) was added DMF (1 mL), NaH (20 mg, 0.50 mmol), and Mel (31 uL, 0.50 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir for 30 min at ambient temperature before it was d and purified by preparative HPLC (20%—99% MeOH:H20) to give (4-isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)(4- poxymethoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'—piperidine]-l’—yl)methan0ne. ESI—MS m/z calc. 483.3, found 484.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.92 minutes (3 min run). (4-Hydroxy—3—methylspir0[chroman—2,4’-piperidine]-1'-yl)(4— isopropoxy-3—methoxyphenyl)methanone and (4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylspiro[chroman- iperidine]-1'-yl)(4—isopropoxy—3-methoxyphenyl)methanone Step 1: 1'-(4-Isopropoxymethoxybenzoyl)—3- methylspiro[chroman—2,4’-piperidin]-4—0ne and l'-(4-is0propoxymethoxybenzoyl)—3,3~ dimethylspiro [chroman-2,4'-piperidin]-4—one @590{dt'il—iieéébwcgWe:

[00235] A mixture of 1'—(4-isopropoxy—3~methoxy-benzoyl)spiro[chromane-2,4'~ piperidine]—4-one (265 mg, 0.647 mmol) and THF (3.0 mL) was cooled to ~78 °C and allowed to stir for 10 minutes. LiHMDS (650 uL, 1.0 M in THF, 0.65 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was allowed to stir for 30 minutes at -78 °C. Mel (41 pL, 0.65 mmol) ved in 0.5 mL ofTHF was added at —78 °C and the reaction mixture was d to warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat NH4CI and was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to give a mixture of isopropoxy—3—methoxybenzoyl)—3-methylspiro[chroman-2,4'— piperidin]-4—one and 1'—(4—isopropoxy—3-methoxybenzoyl)—3,3-dimethylspiro[chroman—2,4'— piperidin]one.

[00236] Step 2: (4-Hydroxymethylspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'- yl)(4-isopropoxy-3—methoxyphenyl)methanone and (4-hydr0xy—3,3- PCT/U52012/025374 dimethylsPiro[chroman-2,4'—Piperidine -1'-yl) 4-isopropoxy yphenyl)methanone (36% O + 6% O NaBH4 o o N O/ N O/ MeOH o o (16% O W o l o N o/ N (:[Oo/ o 0 To a e of l'—(4-isopropoxy~3 ~methoxybenzoyl) methylspiro[chroman—Z,4'—piperidin]-4—one and l'—(4—isopropoxy—3 —methoxybenzoyl)-3,3- dimethylspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin]-4—one in MeOH (5 mL) cooled to 0 °C was added NaBH4 (50 mg, 1.3 mmol). The reaction e was allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min. The solvent was evaporated and the e was quenched with sat. NHiCl. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3X). The ed organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (20%—99% MeOH1H20) to give (4-hydroxy—3-methylspiro[chroman—Z,4’-piperidine]-1'~yl)(4-isopropoxy methoxyphenyl)methanone, ESI—MS m/z calc. 425.2, found 426.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.56 minutes (3 min run), and (4—hydroxy—3,3-dimethylspiro[chroman-2,4‘-piperidine}l '-yl)(4- isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)methanone, ESI-MS m/z calc. 439.2, found 4403 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.63 minutes (3 min run). (4-Is0propoxy—3-methoxyphenyl)(4-isopropoxy—3— methylspiro [chroman—2,4'—piperidine]-1 '-yl)methan0ne PCT/U52012/025374 OH /Lo To (4-hydroxy-3 -methylspiro[chroman-Z,4'—piperidine]—1'-yl)(4- isopropoxy—3~methoxy-phenyl)methanone (265 mg, 0.647 mmol) and iPrOH (495 uL, 6.47 mmol) was added HCl (16 uL, 4.0 M in dioxane, 0.064 mrnol) The reaction mixture was heated at 65 0C for 5h. The e was filtered and purified by preparative HPLC (20%-99% MeOHszo) to give (4-isopropoxy—3-methoxyphenyl)(4-isopropoxy~3~methylspiro[chroman— 2,4'-piperidine]-l'-y1)methanone as a white solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 467.3, found 4685 (M+l)+; Retention time: 2.06 minutes (3 min run). (4-ls0propoxy-3,3—dimethylspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)(4— isopropoxy—3-methoxyphenyl)methanone (1% 7r 5540 r O NE/QO/ O iprOH Nil/CE“ To roxy-3 ,3 -dimethylspiro [chroman-2,4'-piperidine]- l ‘—yl)(4- isopropoxy—3-methoxyphenyl)methanone (265 mg, 0.647 mmol) and iPrOH (495 “L, 6.47 mmol) was added HCl (16 [AL 4.0 M in dioxane, 0.064 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 65 °C for 5h. The mixture was filtered and purified by preparative I-[PLC 9% MeOH2H20) to give (4-isopropoxy-3,3-dimethylspiro[chroman—2,4‘-piperidine]-1'-y1)(4~ isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)methanone as a white solid. ESl-MS m/z calc. 481 3, found 48205 (M+l)+; Retention time: 2.13 minutes (3 min run). (4-tert-Butoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)-(4- isopropoxy-S-methoxy-phenyl)methanone W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 N o/ tBuOH To (4~hydroxyspiro[chromane—Z,4‘-piperidine]-1'-yl)-(4-isopropoxy—3 - y—phenyl)-methanone (65 mg, 0. l6 mmol) in tBuOH (630 uL) was added KAuCL; (1.6 mg, 0.0079 mmol). The mixture was sealed and heated at 70 °C for 48h. The mixture filtered and subjected to preparative HPLC (20%—99% MeOHszO) to give (4-tert- butoxyspiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]- 1 '—yl)—(4-isopropoxy—3 -methoxyphenyl)—methanone.

ESI-MS m/z calc. 467.3, found 4683 (M+l)+; Retention time: 2.13 minutes (3 min run). (4'-Isoprop0xy-3',4'—dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,2'-pyran0 [2,3- b] pyridine]—l -yl)(4-isopropoxy-S-methylphenyl)methan0ne

[00245] Step 1: 1-(4-Isopropoxymethylbenzoyl)spiro[piperidine-4,2'- pyrano[2,3-b]pyridin]-4'(3'H)-one EDCIEgN NH‘ZH CI 0*“CHZCIZ A mixture of spiro[3H—pyrano[2,3—b]pyridine~2,4'—piperidine]—4~one dihydrochloride (264 mg, 0.900 mmol), CH2C12 (7 mL) and Eth (505 uL, 3.62 mmol) was stirred at room ature for 10 minutes. 4—1sopropoxymethylbenzoic acid (176 mg, 0.900 mmol) was added and the mixture was d for 5 minutes. EDCI (191 mg, 1.00 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. The reaction mixture was washed three times with a 1M solution of hydrochloric acid (3 x 3 mL), followed by three washes with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (3 x 3 mL), followed by three washes of a saturated s solution of sodium de (3 x 3 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and ated to dryness. The crude product was purified on silica gel utilizing a gradient of 0—100% ethyl acetate in hexane to yield 1-(4- PCT/U82012/025374 isopropoxymethylbenzoyl)spiro[piperidine—4,2‘—pyrano[2,3—b]pyridin]-4'(3'H)—one as a yellow viscous solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 394.2, found 395.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.51 minutes (3 min run).

] Step 2: (4'-Hydroxy-3',4'—dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,2’-pyrano[2,3- b]pyridine]yl)(4-is0propoxy—3-methylphenyl)methanone NaBH4 VCR07/ MGOH ”mgCY 0 0 To 1-(4—isopropoxy—3—rnethylbenzoyl)spiro[piperidine—4,2'—pyrano[2,3— b]pyridin]—4'(3'H)—one (3 02 mg, 0.760 mmol) in MeOH (5.8 mL) was added NaBH4 (51.4 mg, 1.36 mmol) and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 35 minutes. The reaction mixture was ed with a saturated aqueous solution 1 (3 mL). Water (3 mL) was added to the mixture and it was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The ed organic layers was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield (4'-hydroxy-3',4'-dihydrospiro[piperidine—4,2‘-pyrano[2,3- b]pyridine]~1—y1)(4-isopropoxymethylphenyl)methanone. ESI-MS m/z calc. 3962, found 397.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.17 minutes (3 min run).

Step 3: (4'-Is0propoxy-3',4’-dihydrospir0[piperidine—4,2'- pyrano[2,3—b]pyridine]—1-yl)(4-is0propoxymethylphenyl)methanone To a mixture of (4'-hydroxy-3‘,4'-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,2'- pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine]-l-yl)(4-isopropoxymethylphenyl)methanone (280 mg, 0.71 mmol) and DMF (2 mL) under N2 atmosphere was added NaH (85 mg, 2.13 mmol) and the mixture W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. 2-Bromopropane (638 111, 6.79 mmol) and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (0.14 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 35 °C. The on was ged 6 additional times with NaH and 2-bromopropane. MeOH was added to the reaction and the mixture was filtered. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethyl aceatate (10 mL) before it was washed with water (5 mL), a saturated aqueous on of sodium onate (5 mL), and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride (5 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield a mixture that was purified on silica gel utilizing a nt of 0—100% ethyl acetate in hexane to give (4’-isopropoxy—3',4’- dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,2'-pyrano[2,3 -b]pyridine]~ l ~yl)(4-isopropoxy—3 - methylphenyl)methanone (75 mg, 23%) as a yellow solid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 438.3, found 439.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 4.01 minutes (15 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHZ, DMSO) 8 8.14 — 8.03 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 — 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.07 — 6.90 (m, 2H), 4.71 — 4.56 (m, 2H), 4.35 — 3.18 (m, 5H), 2.26 — 2.15 (m, 1H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.99 — 1.65 (m, 5H), 1.29 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.22 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.15 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H). (4'-Isopropoxy—3',4’-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,2'~pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine]— 1—y1)(4—isopr0poxy-3 -methoxyphenyl)methanone was prepared following a procedure similar as described above. The crude product was purified on silica gel utilizing a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to yield a yellow solid (67 mg, 7%). ESI-MS m/z calc. 4543, found 455.7 (M+l)+, ion time: 3.05 s (15 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 8.15 — 8.04 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 — 6.89 (m, 4H), 4.67 — 4.50 (m, 2H), 4.34 —- 3.81 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.67 ~ 3.21 (m, 3H), 2.25 — 2.12 (m, 1H), 2.04 — 1.67 (m, 5H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.22 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.15 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 3H).

(R)-(5-Bromopyridin-2—yl)(4-isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone PCT/U52012/025374 A N/lBr O HO \ : 1 ————————————> Br O / HATU, Eth, DMF 0 I N \ To a 250 mL rbfwas added 5-bromopyridine—2—carboxylic acid (2.1 g, .2 mmol), HATU (3.9 g, 10.2 mmol), DMF (30 mL), and ylarnine (4.1 mL, 29.1 mmol).

The reaction was allowed to stir for 10 minutes. (4R)isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'- piperidine] (2.5 g, 9.7 mmol) (dissolved in 10 mL DMF) was added and the reaction was d to stir at rt for lh. The reaction was found to be complete by lcms and the reaction was quenched with brine. The e was extracted 3 times with EtOAc and the organic layers were dried over sodium e and evaporated. The crude reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography (0-30%) EtOAc in dichloromethane. (5—Bromo—Z-pyridyl)—[(4R)-4— isopropoxyspiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1‘-yl]methanone (3.3 g, 77 %) was isolated as a thick yellow oil which eluted off the column at 12% EtOAc in dichloromethane. ESl-MS m/z calc. 4441, found 445.1 (M+l) +; Retention time: 1.92 minutes (3 min run).

(R)-(5-brom0pyridin-Z-yl)(6-flu0rois0propoxyspiro [chroman- 2,4'-piperidine]-1'—yl)mcthanone _ HO /_Z\ >_ F 9 o F 0 / Br NH HATU, Et3N, DMF O i N \ 0 To a 100 mL rbf was added 5-bromopyridinecarb0xy1ic acid (721 mg, 3.6 mmol) HATU (1.4 g, 3.6 mmol), DMF (10 mL), and triethylamine (1.0 g, 1.4 mL, 102 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir for 10 minutes and then a solution of (4R)fluoro isopropoxy-spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine] (949 mg, 3.4 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added and the reaction was allowed to stir at rt for 3h . The reaction was found to be complete by lcms W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 1 14 and the reaction was quenched with brine. The on was ted 3 times with EtOAc and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The crude reaction mixture was purified via silica gel chromatography (O%—60%) EtOAc in dichloromethane. The product elutes at 25% EtOAc in dichloromethane. (5—bromo—2—pyridyl)-[(4K)—6—fluoro—4—isopropoxy— spiro[chromane-Z,4’-piperidine]—l'-yl]methanone (920 mg, 58 %) was isolated as a pink oil.

ESI—MS m/z calc. 462.1, found 465.0 (M+1) +; Retention time: 1.95 minutes (3 min run).

Buchwald coupling procedure F F 'Ti Br Amine o | N/ R2 N \ Pd2(dba)3, NaOtBu W N \ To a 2 mL microwave vial ed with a stir bar was added Pd2(dba)3 (3.6 mg, 0.004 mmol), Xantphos (6.9 mg, 0. 12 mmol), and sodium tert-butoxide (19.2 mg, 0.2 mmoi). The reaction vial was capped and purged with nitrogen. A solution of (R)-(5- bromopyridin~2~yl)(6—fluoro-4—isopropoxyspiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidine]—1‘-yl)methanone (46.3 mg, 0.1 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) was added followed by the amine (0.2 mmol). The reaction was placed in a preheated 80°C oil bath and was allowed to stir ght. The reaction was removed from the oil bath and allowed to cool to rt. The reactions were diluted with DMF (0.5 mL) and filtered through a frit. The crude reaction es were purified via HPLC (10%— 99%) ACNzHZO with a 0.1% HCl modifier.

The following compounds were prepared by the general procedure above using the appropriate bromide and amine. [(4R)fluoro-4—isopropoxy-spiro [chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]— l ’-y1]-(5-morpholino pyridyl)methanone; 6-fluoroisopropoxy-spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]—1'-yl]-[5-(propylamino)—2— pyridyl]methanone; W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 [(4R)—6—fluoro—4-isopropoxy—Spiro[chromane-Z,4'—piperidine]—1'-y1]—[5—(isopropylamino)—2— pyridyl]methanone; [(4R)fluoro—4-isopropoxy—Spiro[chromane-2,4'—piperidine]— 1 '-y1] - [5 - [isopropy1(methyl)amino]—2-pyridy1]1nethanone; [5—(tert-butylamino)—2-pyridy1]—[(4R)fluoroisopropoxy-Spiro[chr0mane—2,4'-piperidine]- 1 '-y1]rnethanone; [(4R)fluoroisopropoxy—Spiro[chromane-Z,4‘-piperidine]-1'-y1]-[5-[(ZS)—2— methylpyrrolidiny1]~2—pyridy1]methanone; [(4K)—6-fluoroisopropoxy—Spiro [chromane-2,4'-piperidine} 1 '-y1] —[5~(4- methylsulfonylpiperaziny1)pyridy1]methanone; [(4R)fluoroisopropoxy-spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'—y1]-[5-(3 — methylsulfonylazetidin- 1-y1)-2—pyridy1]methanone; [(4R)—6~fluoro—4-isopropoxy-spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]— 1 '-y1] —[5-(4-methoxy piperidyl)pyridyl]methanone; [5 methylaminoethyl(methyl)amino]-2—pyridy1]-[(4R)—6-fluoro—4-isopropoxy- Spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]—1'—y1]methanone; [(4K)—6—fluoro—4—isoprop0xy—spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]- 1 '-y1]-[5— [(3—methy10xetan-3 — y1)amino]-2—pyridyl]methanone; [(4R)fluoroisopropoxy-spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]— 1’-y1]~[5 —{(2R)-2— methylpyrrolidin- 1~y1]pyridyl]methanone; [(4K)fluoroisopropoxy—Spiro[chromane-Z,4'—piperidine]-1 ‘—y1]-[5-(4-methy1—1-piperidy1)— 2-pyridyl]methanone; 6-fluoro—4-isopropoxy-Spiro[chromane~2,4‘—piperidine]—1'—y1]-[5-[[(1S)—1- methylpropyl]amino]—2—pyridy1]methanone; [(4R)fluoroisopropoxy-Spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]— 1 '-yl]-[5—[[(1R)- 1- methylpropyl]amino]pyridyl]methanone; W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 [(4R)—4-isopropoxyspiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]—1’—y1]—(5—pyrrolidin— - pyridyl)methanone; (5- 2,6-dimethylmorPholino)pyridinyl (4R -6~fluoroisopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'- piperidine]—1’—yl)methanone; (5-(3-ethylmorpholino)pyridinyl)((4K)fluoro~4-isopropoxyspiro [chroman—2,4‘— piperidine]- 1 ethanone; ((4R)—6-fluoroisopropoxyspiro[chroman—Z,4'~piperidine]-1'-yl)(5 -(2-methy1piperidin- l - idin—2~yl)methanone; (5~(2-oxa—5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-S-yl)pyridinyl)((4R)fluoro isopropoxyspiro[chroman-Z,4‘-piperidine]— l '-yl)methanone; ((4K)fluoro—4~isopropoxyspiro[chroman-Z,4’-piperidine]- l '—yl)(5 -(3 lpiperidin yl)pyridinyl)methanone. (4R)—(3-(Amin0methyl)isopropoxyphenyl)(6~fluoro-4— poxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1 '-yl)methanone /LO /Lo : : NH F CN F 2 DY H2, Pd/C, iPrOH 0 O OT N N o 0 To a 100 mL flask was added 5—[(4R)—6—fluoro—4~isopropoxy— Spiro[chromane—Z,4'-piperidine]-1’-carbonyl]isopropoxy~benzonitrile (450 mg, 0.97 mmol) Pd on C, wet, Degussa (127 mg) and isopropanol (10 mL) . The reaction was purged with nitrogen and a balloon ofhydrogen was attached. The reaction was heated overnight at 40°C and showed product by lcms. The reaction was filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The crude reaction mixture was purified Via hplc (10%-99%) ACN:H20 with no modifier EST-MS m/z calc. 470.2, found 471.2 (M+l) +; Retention time: 1.6 minutes (3 min run); (R)-(6-Fluoroisopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-l'-yl)(4— isopropoxy-3—((methylamino)methyl)phenyl)methanone W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 : OH 1) MsCl, EtaN N NHOY 2) MeNH2 CHZCI2 To a 25 mL rbf was added [(4R)fluoro-4—isopropoxy- spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-l'-yl]-[3—(hydroxymethyl)—4-isopropoxy-phenyl]methanone (200 mg, 0.42 mmol) and dichloromethane (2 mL) and the reaction was chilled to 0°C .

Triethylamine (177 uL, 1.3 mmol) was added followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (36 LL 0.47 mmol) and the on was allowed to stir for 1h while warming to 25 °C.

To a 10 mL rbf was added 1 mL of the above on mixture and methylamjne was added. The reaction was allowed to stir at rt for 1h and was complete by lcrns.

The reaction was filtered and purified via HPLC (lO%-99%) (ACNzH-ZO). ESI-MS m/z calc. 484.273 74, found 4856 (M+l) +; Retention time: 1.64 minutes (3 min run).

(R)-(3-((Dimethylamino)methyl)—4—isopropoxyphenyl)(6-fluoro poxyspiro[chroman-2,4‘-piperidine}~1'-yl)methan0ne 9 OH F€00 0Y 1)MsC|,EtN3 £60.

N ‘Y 2) MezNH CH2CI2 To a 25 mL rbf was added [(4R)—6—fluoroisopropoxy- Spiro[chromane—2,4'-piperidine]-l'—yl]—[3 -(hydroxyrnethyl)isopropoxy-phenyl]methanone (200 mg, 0.42 mmol) and dichloromethane (2 mL) and the on was chilled to 0°C .

Triethylamine (177 pL, 1.27 mmol) was added followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (36 pL, 0.47 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to stir for lh while warming to 25 °C.

To a 10 mL rbf was added 1 mL of the above reaction e and dimethylamine (318 11L of 2 M solution in THF, 0.64 mmol) was added. The reaction was W0 2012/1 12743 2012/025374 allowed to stir at rt for 1. The reaction was filtered and purified via HPLC (lO%—99%) (ACN:H20). ESI-MS m/z calc. 498.3, found 499.5 (M+l) +; Retention time: 1.63 minutes (3 min run).

(R)—(6—Fluoroisopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)(5- (isopropylsulfonyl)—6-methylpyridinyl)methanone Step 1: Methyl 5-isopr0pylsulfonylpyridine—Z—carboxylate O\\SJ\ O\\SJ\ l \5 Mel N | \5 HO \ MeO \ K2003 O 0 To a 100 mL rbfwas added 5—isopropylsulfonylpyridine—Z—carboxylic acid (300 mg, 1.3 mmol), potassium carbonate (360 mg, 2.6 mmol) and DMF (6 mL) and the reaction was allowed to stir for 10 minutes. Iodomethane (89 uL, 14 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to stir at rt for 1h. The reaction was quenched with brine. The reaction was extracted 3 times with EtOAc and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. Methyl ropylsulfonylpyridine-Z—carboxylate (310 mg) was isolated and used in the next step without purification, ] Step 2: Methyl 6-bromo—5—is0propylsulfonyl-pyridine—Z- carboxylate N 1) NBS l \b / M90 \ I ‘6 2) NaOH, MeOH HO \ 00271 To a 20 mL microwave vial was added methYl 5- isopropylsulfonylpyridine-Z-carboxylate (310 mg), N-bromosuccinimide (2.3 g, 13 mmol), chloroform (6 mL) and methanol (1.5 mL) and the reaction vessel was sealed , . The reaction was heated at 80°C for 24 h and the reaction showed only l conversion and starting PCT/U82012/025374 material. The reaction was d and allowed to warm to 25 °C. The reaction was filtered and purified by HPLC (1%-99%) ACN:H20 with 0.1% TFA. Methyl 6-bromoisopropy1sulfonyl- pyridine-Z-carboxylate (131 mg, 31%) was isolated as an off-white solid.

A Bro A Q SJ\ N’ 9 F HO \' O T F Br O\/k O O NH I 8\\O N \ HATU, Et3N, DMF ] Step 3: (R)—(6—Bromo—S-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyridin-Z—yl)(6-flu0r0-4— isopropoxyspiro[chr0man-2,4'—piperidine]~1'-yl)methanone To a rbfwas added 6~bromo-5«(isopropylsulfonyl)picolinic acid (48 mg, 0.16 mmol), HATU (60 mg, 0.16 mmol), DMF (1 mL), and triethylamine (62 “L, 0.45 mmol) and the reaction was d to stir at rt for 10 minutes. (R)Fluoro isopropoxyspiro[chroman-Z,4'-piperidine] (42 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to stir at rt for 1h, The reaction was filtered and the crude reaction mixture was d by HPLC (10%-99%) ACNzHZO with no modifier. ESI-MS m/z 02110. 569.4, found 571.2 (MH) +; Retention time: 1.96 minutes (3 min run).

Br lqék ()“Sk Pd2(dba)3, dppf Step 4: [(4R)Fluoro-4—isopropoxy-spiro[chr0mane-2,4'- piperidinel-l'-yl]-(5-isopropylsulfonyl—6—methylpyridyl)methanone To a microwave Vial was added Pd2(dba)3 (6.4 mg, 0.007 mmol), dppf (7.7 mg, 0.014 mmol), potassium trifluoro(methyl)boranuide (25 mg, 0.21 mmol), and THF (3 W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 mL) and the reaction was purged with nitrogen. (6—Bromo—5~isopropylsulfonyl-2—pyridyl)—[(4R)— 6-fluoroisopropoxy-spiro[chromane-Z,4’-piperidine]-1'-yl]methanone (40 mg, 0.07024 mmol) dissolved in THF (03 mL) was added ed by potassium carbonate (210 uL of 3 M, 0.63 mmol). The reaction was heated at 80°C overnight. The reaction showed product by LCMS.

The reaction was filtered and ated. The crude reaction e was purified by HPLC (10 %-99 %) ACNIHzO with no modifier. ESI-MS m/z calc. 504.2, found 505.2 (M+l) +; Retention time: 1.84 minutes (3 min run). ] [(4R)—6-Flu0roisopropoxy—spiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine]~1'- -isopropoxy-2~pyridyl)methanone F ‘ o Nu“ o N “tor \ iPrBr,DMF (>00N \ 0 To a vial containing [(4K)fluoroisopropoxy-spiro[chromane—2,4'- piperidine]~l'—yl]-(5—hydroxy—2-pyridy1)methanone (41 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added DMF (1 mL) followed by potassium carbonate (42 mg, 0.30 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir for 10 minutes and then 2-bromopropane (28 uL, 0.31 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowed to stir overnight. The reaction was filtered and purified via hplc (lO%-99%) ACN2H20 with no modifier. [(4R)Fluoro-4—isopropoxy-spiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine]- l '-yl]-(5-isopropoxy pyridyl)rnethanone (24 mg, 52%) was isolated as a yellow oil. ESI-MS m/z calc. 442.2, found 443.4 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.96 minutes (3 min run). 1'—(4-Isopropoxymethoxybenzoyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin]— 3-one SteP 1: tart—Buty14—h droxy Y Ps roman—2,4'-P Pi eridine]—l'— carboxylate W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 O OH NaBH4 O O N \n/O EtOH NTO 0 t o t A solution of tert-butyl 4—oxospiro[chromane-2,4'—piperidine]-1'- carboxylate (5.00 g, 15.8 mmol) in EtOH (25 mL) was slowly added to a suspension 4 (435 mg, 11.5 mmol) in EtOH (7.4 mL) over a period of 45 minutes. The reaction mixture was then heated at 75 °C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and a saturated s solution of sodium bicarbonate. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with a ted aqueous solution of sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, d, and evaporated to dryness to yield Iert-butyl oxyspiro[chromatic-2,4'-piperidine]-1‘- carboxylate as a white solid. EST-MS m/z calc. 3192, found 3205 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.63 minutes (3 min run).

Step 2: tert—Butyl spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate 1) stOH dioxane N o 2) BOCZO it )4 Nil/OWLo z‘erl—Butyl 4-hydroxyspiro[chromane-2,4'—piperidine]— 1 '-carboxylate (5.00 g, 15.8 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (30 mL). 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid e (3.34 g, 17.6 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 60 °C for 1 hour. An additional t of 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid hydrate (3.34 g, 17.6 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 90 °C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and a 1M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with a 1M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution three times. The combined aqueous layers were made basic with a 6M aqueous on of sodium hydroxide. This solution was then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and PCT/U52012/025374 evaporated to dryness to give a red oil. The oil was then ved in dichloromethane (30 mL) containing triethylamine (4.40 mL, 31.5 mmol) and BOC20 (3.80 mL, 16.5 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was washed three times with a 1M solution of hydrochloric acid, followed by three washes with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, followed by three washes of a ted aqueous solution of sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The crude material was purified on silica gel utilizing a gradient of 0- % ethyl acetate in hexanes to yield terZ-butyl Spiro[chromene-Z,4'~piperidine]-1‘-carboxylate (3.73 g, 78%) as a colorless oil. EST—MS m/z calc. 301.2, found 302.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.14 s (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHZ, DMSO) 8 7.12 (td, J = 7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J= 7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 — 6.79 (m, 2H), 6.48 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H), 3.75 - 3.63 (m, 2H), 330 ~ 3.11(m, 2H), 1.86 — 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.68 — 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H).

Step 3: tert-Butyl 121,7b-dihydrospiro[oxireno[2,3-c]chr0mene-2,4'- piperidine]-1‘-carboxylate i? o \ O=Rle=O N o O T % H o pyridhgie N o 0 T \i4 CH2C|2 c tert—Butyl chromene—Z,4'—piperidine]-1'—carboxylate (3.73 g, 12.4 mmol) and methyl(trioxo)rhenium (61.7 mg, 0.250 mmol) were combined in romethane (34 mL). The on mixture was cooled to 0 °C under an atmosphere of nitrogen and pyridine (250 uL, 3.1 mmol) was slowly added to the mixture. Hydrogen peroxide (3.5 mL of 30 %w/V, 31 mmol) was then added in a drop—wise manner and the resulting e was allowed to stir for 10 minutes at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was then allowed to stir for 16 hours at room temperature. Sodium hypochlorite (2.50 mL of 6. 15 %w/v, 2.07 mmol) (Chlorox brand commercial bleach) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was then poured into ice and was extracted three times with dichloromethane.

The combined organics were washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness to yield tert—butyl spiro[la,7b- ooxireno[2,3-c]chromene-2,4‘-piperidine]—1'-carboxylate (4.07 g, 99%) as a white solid. 111 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.46 (dd, J = 7.4, 1.3 Hz, 111), 7.27 (td, J = 7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.94 — 3.84 (m, 1H), 3.82 — 3.69 (m, 1H), 3.72 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.29 — 3.12 (m, 1H), 3.11 — 2.88 (m, 1H), 1.87 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.68 — 1.55 (m, 1H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.38 — 1.28 (m, 1H).

Step 4: Spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidin]one hydrochloride 0 o H ”TWA 6 6 O NH*HCI tert—Butyl l a,7b—dihydrooxireno[2,3—c] ne-2,4'-piperidine]— 1'-carboxylate (650 mg, 2.05 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous benzene (6.5 mL). Zinc iodide (275 mg, 0.860 mmol) was added and the reaction e was shielded from light and was stirred at room ature 25 hours. The reaction mixture was then filtered, evaporated to dryness, and the residue was treated with HCl in dioxane (3.0 mL of 4.0 M, 12 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes before it was concentrated to give chroman-2,4’-piperidin]one hydrochloride. EST—MS m/z calc. 217 . 1, found 218.5 (M+l)+; Retention time: 0.83 minutes (3 min run).

Step 5: 1'-(4-Is0propoxy-3—methoxybenzoyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'- piperidin]one / HATU o o O O \‘..—_.:\ Et3N O O ————-—-——-—---—> O ”Ow < O CHZCIZ \r NH ‘ ——< OH *HCI \

[00288] Crude Spiro[chromane-Z,4‘-piperidine]-3—one hydrochloride (520 mg, 2.05 mmol), 4—isopropoxy—3~methoxy-benzoic acid (431 mg, 205 mmol), 13th (856 1.1L, 6.14 mmol), and HATU (779 mg, 2.05 mmol) were combined in dichloromethane (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and then evaporated to dryness.

W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 The crude al was purified on silica gel utilizing a gradient of 0-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes. The semi-purified 1'-(4-isopropoxymethoxy-benzoyl)spiro[chromane-2,4’- piperidine]one (462 mg, 55%) was used in the next step t further purification. ESl—MS m/z calc. 409.2, found 4105 (M+1)+_; Retention time: 1.79 minutes (3 min run).

Step 1: (3-Hydroxyspiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)(4- isopropoxy—3-methoxyphenyl)methanone o 0/ OH 0/ 0 0 N MeOH o 0 1'-(4-Isopropoxy—3 -methoxy—benzoyl)spiro[chromane-Z,4’-piperidine]-3— one (224 mg, 0.550 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (5 mL). NaBH4 (10.3 mg, 0.27 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 5 minutes at room temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography utilizing a gradient of 10-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to yield (3- hydroxyspiro[chromane-2,4‘-piperidine]-1'-y1)-(4-isopropoxymethoxy-phenyl)methanone ( 122 mg, 54%) ESI—MS m/z calc. 411.2, found 4125 (Mi-1): Retention time: 1.54 s (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.12 — 7.04 (m, 2H), 7.01 — 6.91 (m, 3H), 6.87 — 6.76 (m, 2H), 5.19 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (sept, 1H), 4.51 — 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.73 — 3.64 (m, 1H), 3.54 —- 2.98 (m, 3H), 2.92 (dd, J = 17.0, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 2.63 (dd, J = 16.8, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.92 — 1.42 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H).

Step 2: (4-Isopr0p0xymethoxyphenyl)(3-meth0xyspiro[chroman- 2,4'-piperidine]—l '-yl)methanone OH 0/ o NaH, DMF/THF; 0 Y Met (3 -Hydroxyspiro [chromane-Z,4'-piperidine] - 1 (4-isopropoxy-3 - methoxy-phenyl)methanone (122 mg, 0.30 mmol) was ved in a mixture of THF (01 mL) W0 20127112743 and DMF (09 mL). NaH (12 mg, 0.30 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was d to stir for 3 minutes. Iodomethane (18 uL, 0.30 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was then d to stir for 30 minutes. The on e was evaporated to dryness. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography utilizing a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to yield (4-isopropoxy—3 -methoxy-phenyl)-(3 -methoxyspiro[chromane-2,4’- piperidine]—1'-yl)methanone (101 mg, 78%) as a white solid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 4252, found 4265 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.82 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.12 — 7.06 (m, 2H), 7.01 — 6.91 (m, 3H), 6.87 — 6.78 (m, 2H), 4.59 (hept, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47 — 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.44 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.38 ~ 3.05 (m, 3H), 2.98 (dd, J= 17.1, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (dd, 1 =17.2, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 1.96 — 1.48 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H). (3 —Ethoxyspiro[chroman—Z,4’-piperidine]—1'-yl)(4—isopropoxy—3— methoxyphenyl)methanone and (4-isopropoxy—3—methoxyphenyl)(3 —isopr0poxyspiro[chroman- 2,4‘-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone were prepared using a procedure similar as ed above.

[00294] (4-Isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)(4- (methoxymethyl)spiro[chroman-2,4’-piperidine]~1'-yl)methan0ne Step 1: tert—Butyl 4—(triflu0r0methylsulfonyloxy)spiro[chromene- 2,4'-piperidine]-l'-carboxylate o O\ /o\S\\ . FF LIHMDS, THF,_ F Ph Nng N N GAO 0A0

[00296] To a solution of tert—butyl 4-oxospir0[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'- carboxylate (4.00 g, 11.5 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at -78 °C was added lithium bis(trimethylsi1y1)azanide (14 mL of 1.0 M, 14 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at —78 °C for 1 h. A solution of 1,1,1—trifluoro-N—phenyl—N~(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 methanesulfonamide (4.95 g, 13.9 mmol) ved in THF (7 mL) was added dropwise The reaction mixture was slowly allowed to warm to 25 °C and was stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with ice water and was extracted with ethyl acetate 3 times. The organic layers were separated, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated. The residue was purified by column tography using a gradient of O to 20% ethyl acetate : hexanes to give tert—butyl 4- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)Spiro[chromene—2,4'—piperidine]—1'—carboxylate as a light yellow solid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 449.4, found 450.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.37 minutes (3 min run).

The following compounds were prepared by the prodedure described above: tert—Butyl 4—(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)—7—fluoro~spiro ene—2,4'-piperidine]— 1 '— carboxylate; tert-Butyl 4-(trifluoromethylsultbnyloxy)fluoro-spiro[chromene—2,4'-piperidine]-1'- ylate.

Step 2: 4—(Benzyloxymethyl)spiro[chromene—2,4'-piperidine] hydrochloride O\\ ,0 F ‘o Pd(OAC)2 F ’F l: ”gO/\B C52003 0 dioxane A water l 0 ‘¥ To a microwave vial was added cesium carbonate (3.37 g, 10.4 mmol), potassium (benzyloxymethy1)trifluoroborate (1.18 g, 5.17 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (116 mg, 0.520 mmol), and dicyclohexyl-[Z-(Z,6—diisopropoxyphenyl)phenyl]-phosphane (483 mg, 1.03 mmol). The vial was capped and purged with nitrogen for 10 minutes. terz-Butyl 4- oromethylsulfonyloxy)spiro[chromene—Z,4'—piperidine]—1'—carboxylate (1 .55 g, 3 .45 mmol) dissolved in dioxane (12.4 mL) was added followed by water (1.38 mL). The reaction mixture was placed into a preheated 100 °C oil bath overnight. The reaction was quenched W0 2012/1 12743 with brine and was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The organic layers were separated, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (5%-40°/o ethyl acetate — s) to yield the BOG-protected intermediate as a clear oil. The Boc ted amine was then dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) and was treated with HCl (4.3 mL of 4.0 M, 17 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir for 3h. The t was ated to give 4-(benzyloxymethyl)spiro[chromene-Z,4'-piperidine] hydrochloride. ESI— MS m/z calc. 3212, found 3225 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.41 minutes (3 min run).

Step 3: (4-(Hydr0xymethyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'—yl)(4- isopropoxy-S-methoxyphenyl)methan0ne O 1) HATU, Et3N C H2012 o 2) Pd/C, H2 iPrOH 0* H To a 250 mL round bottom flask was added 4—isopropoxy—3—methoxy— benzoic acid (517 mg, 2.46 mmol), HATU (935 mg, 2.45 mmol), DMF (5 mL) and 13th (1.56 mL, 11.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was d to stir for 10 minutes. 4- (Benzyloxymethyl)spiro[chromene—Z,4’~piperidine] (800 mg, 2.23 mmol) dissolved in DMF (15 mL) was added to the reaction flask and the mixture was d to stir for 4h. The reaction mixture was quenched with brine, extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate and the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (3%-70% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give (4—(benzyloxymethyl)spiro [chromene-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-y1)(4—isopropoxy-3 -methoxyphenyl)methanone (1.30 g, 99%) as a pale oil.

To a 250 mL round bottom flask containing [4- (benzyloxymethyl)spiro[chromene-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl]-(4~isopropoxy—3-methoxy- phenyl)methanone was added Pd on charcoal (0.13 g, 0.12 mmol) and the reaction flask was W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 purged with nitrogen for 10 minutes. Isopropanol (15 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was d for 5 minutes. A balloon filled with hydrogen was placed on top of the flask and the mixture was allowed to stir overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with isopropanol. The solvent was evaporated to give (4-(hydroxy1nethyl)spiro— [chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'—yl)(4—isopropoxy—3-methoxyphenyl)methanone (547 mg, 99%).

ESI-MS m/z calc. 425.5, found 4262 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.51 minutes (3 min run).

Step 4: (4-Isopr0poxymethoxyphenyl)(4- xymethyl)spiro[chr0man-2,4'-piperidine]—1 '-y1)methanone OH \0 O O Na H, DM F;

[00304] To a Vial containing [4—(hydroxymethyl)spiro[chromane—2,4‘—piperidine]— 1'-yl]-(4-isopropoxy-3 —methoxy~phenyl)methanone (13 mg, 0.020 mmol) was added DMF (0.5 mL) and NaH (1.8 mg, 0.040 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 5 minutes.

Methyl iodide (2.1 uL, 0.030 mmol) was added and the reaction e was allowed to stir for minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered and d by prep-HPLC (20%—99% MeOH3H20 with no r) to yield (4—isoprop0xy~3~methoxyphenyl)(4- (methoxymethyl)spiro[chroman—Z,4'-piperidine]—1'—yl)methanone as a white solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 439.5, found 440.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.86 minutes (3 min run). (4-(Eth0xymethyl)spiro [chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-l '-y1)(4- isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)methanone PCT/U52012/025374 To a Vial containing [4-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[chromane—Z,4'~piperidine]- 1'-yl]~(4-isopropoxymethoxy—phenyl)methanone ( 13 mg, 0.020 mmol) was added DMI: (0.5 mL) and NaH (1.8 mg, 0.040 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 5 minutes.

Ethyl iodide (2.6 uL, 0.030 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for minutes. The reaction was filtered and purified by prep-HPLC (20%-99% MeOH:H20 with no r) to yield (4—(ethoxymethyl)spiro[chroman—Z,4'-piperidine]-1'-y1)(4-isopropoxy—3- methoxyphenyl)methanone as a white solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 453.6, found 4543 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.96 minutes (3 min run).

[00307] The following compounds were prepared using the ure reported above: Product Electrophile (4—((2,2-difluoroethoxy)methyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'- 2,2-difluoroethyl piperidine]-l'-yl)(4-isopropoxy—3- methanesulfonate methoxyphenyl)methanone (4—isopropoxy-3—methoxyphenyl)(4- (trideuteriomethoxymethyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'- trideuteriomethyl iodide dine]- 1 ethanone (7-fluoro(trideuteriomethoxymethyl)spiro[chroman— 2,4‘-piperidine] - l '-yl)(4-(2-hydroxypropan—2- trideuteriomethyl iodide yl)phenyl)methanone PCT/U52012/025374 (7-fluoro—4-(trideuteriomethoxymethyl)spiro[chroman- 2,4‘-piperidine]-1'-y1)(4—isopropoxy trideuteriomethyl iodide methoxyphenyl)methanone tert-Butyl 4-(is0pr0poxymethyl)spiro[chromene—2,4'-piperidine]-1'- ylate O\\ /O \E F7(S“o | Pd<0Ac)2 0 F O F YCAB/‘F CsZCO3 , \F _______,.

+ F [ dioxane O i water 0 O GAO/k

[00309] To a 20 mL microwave vial was added cesium carbonate (4.431 g, 13.60 mmol), potassium (isopropoxymethy1)trifluoroborate (1.06 g, 5.9 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (152 mg, 0.68 mmol), and RUPHOS (634 mg, 1.36 mmol) and the reaction vessel was capped and purged with nitrogen for 10 minutes. Dioxane (10 mL) was added and the reaction was d for 5 minutes. tert-Butyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)Spiro[chromene—2,4'- piperidine]—1'-carboxylate (2.04 g, 4.53 mmol) (dissolved in 6 mL of e) was added followed by water (1.6 mL). The reaction vessel was placed into a 100 °C preheated oil bath and was allowed to stir overnight The reaction was ed with brine and extracted with EtOAc (3 times). The organic layers were ted, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed. The crude reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography (2%-30%) EtOAc in hexanes. utyl 4~(isopropoxymethyl)spiro[chromene—2,4'—piperidine]-1'— carboxylate (640 mg, 1.714 mmol, 38%) eluted at 12% EtOAc in hexanes and was isolated as a thick yellow oil. ESI—MS m/z calc. 373.4, found 374.4 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.3 minutes (3 min run). 4-(lsopropoxymethyl)spir0[chromane—2,4'-piperidine] hydrochloride W0 2012/1 12743 2012/025374 r0 to I 1) H2, Pd/C —___—___....__._..__.> 2) HCI, dioxane N N A k H*HC| O 0 ] To a 100 mL flask containing tert-butyl 4— (isopropoxymethyl)spiro[chromene~2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (640 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added isopropanol (5 mL) and Pd on C, wet, Degussa (547 mg, 0.51 mmol). The reaction was purged with nitrogen. A balloon of hydrogen was added and the on was allowed to stir overnight. The reaction was immediately filtered through a frit of‘ celite and washed with isopropanol. The solvent was evaporated providing tert—butyl 4— (isopropoxymethyl)spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'—carboxy1ate. ESI-MS m/z calc. 375.2, found 376.4 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.37 minutes (3 min run).

] To a 100 mL flask containing tert-butyl 4-(isopropoxymethyl)spiro [chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-1’-carboxy1ate (640 mg, 1.7 mmol) was added dichloromethane (3 mL) and HCl (1.28 mL of 4 M, 5.14 mmol) in dioxane. The reaction was allowed to stir for 1h at 25 °C. The reaction was evaporated and 4—(isopropoxymethyl)spiro[chromane-2,4'— piperidine] hydrochloride was isolated as a sticky tan solid. ESI-MS rn/z calc. 275.2, found 276.2 ; Retention time: 1.01 minutes (3 min run). (3,4—Dimethoxyphenyl)~(4—phenylspiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine]— 1 '-yl)methanone Step 1: tert-Butyl 4—phenylspir0[chromene—2,4‘—piperidine]—1‘- carboxylate W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 068:0 0 0 i=7( 0 l l o B(OH)2 o F Pd(c-h eszhP)(tBu3P)Cl2 + E: N K2CO3, DMF, H20 GAO 0A0 tert-Butyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)spiro[chromene—2,4'— piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (300 mg, 0.613 mmol), phenylboronic acid (150 mg, 1.24 mmol), dichloro-[dicyclohexyl(phenyl)phosphaniumyl]~tritert-butylphosphaniumyl-palladium (20 mg, 0.031 mmol), aqueous KZCO3 (770 nL of 2.0 M, 1.5 mmol), and DIVIF (3 mL) were combined in a scintillation vial. The e was heated at 80 °C overnight before it was cooled to 25 °C.

The DMF was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to provide tert—butyl 4-phenylspiro[chromene-2,4‘-piperidine]-1'- carboxylate. ESI-MS m/z Gale, 3772, found 378.2 ; Retention time: 2.20 minutes (3 min run).

Step 2: 4—Phenylspiro[chr0mene—2,4'-piperidine] hydrochloride o O O HO! I N iPrOH _t_ fl *HCI A mixture of tert—butyl ylspiro[chromene—Z,4'—piperidine]-1'- carboxylate (300 mg, 0.795 mmol) and HCl in dioxane (600 uL of 4.0 M, 2.4 mmol) in iPrOH (4.5 mL) was allowed to stir for 30 min at 50 °C. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give 4-phenylspiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine] hydrochloride (240 mg, 96%) as a white solid.

ESI-MS m/z calc. 277.2, found 278.2 (M+l)+; Retention time: 1.11 minutes (3 min run).

W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 Step 3: (3,4—Dimethoxyphenyl)-(4-phenylspiro[chromene—2,4'— piperidinel-1'-yl)methanone O O 0 Cl 0 IO l Et3N O + _., \O CHZCI2 a *HCI net \O/ 3,4—Dimethoxybenzoyl chloride (307 mg, 1.53 mmol) was added to a mixture of 4-phenyispiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine] hloride (240 mg, 0.765 mmol), EtsN (533 uL, 3.82 mmol), and CHZCIZ (5 mL) at rt. The mixture was allowed to stir overnight at rt before it was diluted with CHzClz (100 mL) and was washed with 1N HCl, water, then brine.

The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and was concentrated under reduced pressure.

Column chromatography (10-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) on the residue provided (3,4- oxyphenyl)-(4-pheny1spiro[chromene-Z,4'-piperidine]-l'-y1)methanone (259 mg, 75%).

ESI-MS m/z calc. 441.2, found 442.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.11 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.47 — 7.39 (m, 3H), 7.35 _ 7.33 (m, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J =16, 15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.00 - 6.87 (m, 6H), 5.82 (s, 1H), 4.15 (br s, 1H), 3.79 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 6H), 3.54 - 3.40 (m, 3H), 2.02 — 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.84 - 1.79 (m, 2H).

[00320] Step 4: imeth0xyphenyl)—(4—phenylspiro[chromane-2,4'- piperidine]—1'-yl)methanone :1 O 0 Pd/C, H2 ACOH, MeOH N N o/ o/ W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 To a sion of (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-(4—phenylspiro[chromene- 2,4'-piperidine]—l'-y1)methanone (30 mg, 0.066 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) and AcOH (0.2 mL) was added Pd/C (10%, 7.1 mg, 0.066 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 1h under a balloon of en. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and the on was washed with ted aqueous NaHCOs, then brine. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and was concentrated in vacuo to give (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)—(4~phenylspiro[chromane~2,4‘~piperidine]-1'—yl)methanone as a white solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 4432, found 4442 ; Retention time: 2.83 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 7.27 - 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.12 — 7.04 (m, 4H), 6.94 - 6.92 (m, 2H), 6.81 (dd, J = 8.3, 19.2 Hz, 2H), 6.70 (dd, J = 7.6, 14.3 Hz, 2H), 4.42 — 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.05 (q, I = 7.1Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.65 — 3.54 (m, 2H), 2.00 — 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.80 (dd, J = 6.8, 13.9 Hz,1H),1.70 - 1.52 (m, 2H) and 1.24 -1.14(m, 2H). (4-1sopropoxymethoxypheny1)(4-(1 - methoxyethyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1‘—yl)methanone / / O 1) Bess-Martin periodinate o N 2) MeMch THF N 3) NaH, DMF; Mel O o To a 25 mL round bottom flask was added [4— (hydroxymethyl)spiro[chromane—2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl]-(4—isopropoxymethoxy— phenyl)methanone (160 mg, 0.37 mmol) followed by dichloromethane (1 mL) and Doss—Martin periodinate (2.50 mL of 0.3 M in CHZClz, 0.75 mmol). The reaction e was allowed to stir for 3h. The reaction was filtered through a plug of celite and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude residue was dissolved in THF (2 mL) and the mixture was cooled to 0 0C. Methyl magnesium chloride ( 150 uL of 3.0 M, 0.45 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 25 °C and was stirred for 1h. The reaction was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The e was purified by reverse phase prep—HPLC (20%—99% MeOH H20) to provide [4-(1-hydroxyethyl)spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl]-(4-isopropoxy—3-methoxy- )methanone as a white solid (40 mg, 24%). ESI-MS m/z calc. 439.5, found 4405 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.57 minutes (3 min run). [4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]—1'-yl]-(4- isopropoxy-3—methoxy—phenyl)methanone (30 mg, 0.070 mmol) was added to a vial and DMF (1 mL) was added followed by NaH (14 mg, 0.56 mmol). Iodomethane (30 uL, 0.49 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 30 minutes. The reaction was filtered and purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC using a nt ofMeOHHzO (20%—99%) to give (4-isopropoxy—3~methoxyphenyl)(4-( l —methoxyethyl)spiro[chroman-Z,4'—piperidine]- 1 ’- hanone. ESI-MS m/z calc. 4536, found 454.5 (MM)? Retention time: 1.88 minutes (3 min run). (4-Isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)(4-— (methylthiomethyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'—piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone Step1: l'-tert-Butyl 4-methyl Spiro[chr0mene—2,4’-piperidine]~1’,4- dicarboxylate /Qé/gF O \\ F \ Pd(PPh3)4 o co, MeOH, DMF N\|¢O 0% A solution of tert—butyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)spiro[chromene— 2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (13 g, 28.92 mmol) in MeOH (58 mL) and DMF (115 mL) was degassed and put under an atmosphere of N2. The mixture was treated with diisopropyl ethyl amine (17.6 mL, 101.2 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (2.0 g, 1.7 mmol).

The mixture was put under a carbon monoxide atmosphere (1 atm, balloon) and was warmed to 50 °C for 20 h. The reaction was cooled, and quenched with ted aqueous NaCl. The methanol was removed under d pressure and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3 X 50 mL). The ed organics were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried 4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was diluted with EtOAc W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 and the solid product formed was collected by vacuum filtration. Afier repeating this two more times, the ing filtrate was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (1-30% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford l'-tert-butyl 4-methyl spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]-l’,4- dicarboxylate (9.8 g, 94%) as a yellow solid. EST—MS m/z calc. 3594, found 3605 (M+l)+; Retention time: 2.2 s (3 min run).

Step 2: utyl 4-(hydr0xymethyl)spir0[chr0mane—2,4’- piperidine]-l'-carboxylate O OMe OH 1) H2, Pd/C O 2) LAH, THF 0 Mfo N o 074 39 A e of l'—tert-butyl 4-methyl spiro[chromene-Z,4'-piperidine]-1',4- dicarboxylate (3.77 g, 10.49 mmol) and iPrOH (260 mL) was purged with nitrogen for 10 minutes. The mixture was treated with Pd (10% on Carbon) (3.5 g, 3.25 mmol) and put under a fig here (balloon). The reaction e was stirred for 48 h and was filtered through celite, The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography (SiOz, l-30% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford l‘—tert-butyl 4—methy1 spiro[chroman- 2,4'-piperidine]-l’,4—dicarboxylate (3.49 g, 92%).

A solution of l'-tert-butyl 4-methyl Spiro[chroman-Z,4'—piperidine]-l’,4— dicarboxylate ( 10 g, 27.67 mmol) in THF (265 mL) was cooled to ~78 °C and treated with LiAlH4 in THF ( 15.22 mL of 2 M, 30.44 mmol). The mixture was warmed to 0 °C and stirred for l h and was quenched by the addition ofH20 (0.7 mL), 15% aqueous NaOH (0.7 mL) and H20 (2.1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, d through celite, and diluted with H20.

The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 X 50 mL) and the combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (Na2804), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography (SiOz, l-70% hexanes, ELSD detection) afforded tert-butyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]- l '-carboxylate PCT/U82012/025374 (6.1 g, 66%) as a colorless foam. ESI-MS m/z calc. 3334, found 3347 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.85 s (3 min run).

Step 3: Spiro[chromane-2,4‘-piperidine]—4-ylmethanol 1) HCI, Dioxane,CH2C12 2) HATU, iPr2N Et O N NYC 0 I o / 0% HOmo0* 04 A on of tert-butyl 4~(hydroxymethyl)spiro[chromane-2,4'- piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (5 g, 15 mmol) in DCM (37 mL) was treated with hydrogen chloride (4M in dioxane) (15 mL of 4 M, 60 mmol) The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and was trated under d pressure to afford spire[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine]ylmethanol hydrogen chloride (3.33 g, 95%) which was used without further purification.

[00333] A solution of 4—isopropoxy—3-methoxy-benzoic acid (693 mg, 3.3 mmol) and HATU (1.7 g, 4.5 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was treated with Eth (910 mg, 1.25 mL, 9.0 mmol) and stirred for 10 min. The reaction mixture was treated with spiro[chromane-2,4'- piperidine]-4—ylmethanol hydrogen chloride (0.7 g, 3.0 mmol) and stirred 1 h at 25 °C. The reaction was diluted with H20 (60 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (N212804), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography a, 30-100% hexanes) afforded [4—(hydroxymethyl)spiro[chromane—Z,4'—piperidine]-1'-y1]-(4- isopropoxy-S-methoxy—phenyl)methanone (1.25 g, 97%) as a colorless foam. EST-MS m/z calc. 425.2, found 426.3 (M+1)+; ion time: 1.73 minutes (3 min run).

[00334] Step 4: [1'-(4-isopropoxymeth0xy-benzoyl)spiro[chr0mane-2,4'— piperidine]yl]methyl methanesulfonate W0 2012/112743 PCT/USZOlZ/025374 CH OMS i X :N O O MsCI, Et3N, CH2CI2 o o/ O / O’< O’< A solution of of [4-(hydroxymethyl)Spiro[chromatic—2,4'-piperidine]—1'— yl]-(4-isopropoxy—3~methoxy-phenyl)methanone (750 mg, 1.76 mmol) and TEA (214 mg, 295 uL, 2.1 mmol) in DCM (35 mL) was cooled to 0 °C and treated dropwise with MsCl (222 mg, 150 uL, 1.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 25 °C and stir for 2 h and was poured into H20. The mixture was extracted with DCM (3 >< 30 mL) The combined organics were dried (Na2S04), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford [1'- (4~isopropoxy—3-methoxy—benzoyl)spiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine] —4—yl]methyl esulfonate (762 mg, mmol, 86%) which was used without further purification. EST-MS m/z calc. 503, found 504 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.89 minutes (3 min run).

Step 5: propoxymethoxyphenyl)(4- lthiomethyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone OMS SMe N NaSMe, DMF O / O o / 04 04 A solution of [1'-(4—isopropoxy—3~methoxy—benzoy1)spiro[chromane— 2,4'-piperidine]—4-y1]methy1 methanesulfonate (225 mg, 0.45 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was treated with MeSNa (88.6 mg, 0.54 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 50°C for 12 h, cooled, and poured into cold water. The e was extracted with EtOAc (3 X 20 mL) and the combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous N aCl, dried (NaZSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC (1-100% ACN/HzO, no modifier) to afi‘ord (4-isopropoxymethoxypheny1)(4— W0 2012/1 12743 (methylthiomethyl)spiro[chroman—2,4’-piperidine]—1'-yl)methanone as a colorless foam. EST-MS m/z calc. 455.2, found 456.5 (M+1)+; ion time: 0.84 minutes (3 min run).

The following compound was prepared using the procedure reported above: (4-((1H-pyrazoly1)methyl)spiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidine]-1'—y1)(4—isopropoxy—3 — methoxyphenyl)methanone. (4-((Difluor0methoxy)methyl)spiro[chr0man-2,4'—piperidine]-1'- y1)(4-isopropoxymethoxyphenyl)methanone

[00340] A degassed solution of [4-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[chrornane-2,4'- piperidine]-l'-yl]-(4-isopropoxymethoxy-phenyl)methanone (123 mg, 0.29 mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL) was treated with copper (I) iodide (11 mg, 0.058 mmol). To the reaction mixture was added fluoro-2—fluorosulfonyl—acetic acid (515 mg, 29 nL, 0.29 mmol) dropwise. The on was stirred at 45 0C for 4 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo and ethyl acetate (30 mL) added. The organics were washed with water (30 mL), brine(30 mL), dried (MgSO4), d and the solvent removed in vacuo. Purification by reverse phase HPLC (1—100% ACN/HgO; no modifier) afforded the desired product [4-(difluoromethoxymethyl) Spiro[chromane-Z,4’-piperidine] - 1 (4-isopropoxy-3 —methoxy—phenyl)methanone. ESI-MS m/z calc. 475.2, found 476.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.11 minutes (3 min run).

[00341] (4-Isopropoxymethylphenyl)(spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'- yl)methanone Step 1: Benzyl spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1‘-carboxylate W0 2012/112743 1) Zn, AcOH O 2) Pd/C, H2 va/o —-———> NH A mixture ofbenzyl piro[chromane~2,4'—piperidine]— 1 '- carboxylate (511 mg, 1.45 mmol) and Zn (951 mg, 14.5 mmol) in acetic acid (10 mL) was heated at 100°C for 3h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and 1N NaOH. The organics were separated and washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to give benzyl spiro[chroman—2,4'- dine]-1'-carboxylate. EST-MS m/z calc. 337.4, found 338.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.11 minutes (3 min run).

Benzyl spiro[chromane—2,4'—piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (490 mg, 1.45 mmol) and Pd/C (154 mg, 0.145 mmol) were stirred in methanol (5 mL) under a balloon of hydrogen for 16h. The reaction was filtered and the fitrate was evaporated to give spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine] (287 mg, 97%). EST-MS m/z calc. 203.3, found 2043 (M+l)+; Retention time: 0.79 s (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 5 7.07 — 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.82 — 6.72 (m, 2H), 308 ~ 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.91 — 2.71 (m, 4H), 1.84 ~ 1.73 (m, 4H), 1.65 — 1.52 (m, 2H).

Step 2: (4-Isoprop0xymethylphenyl)(spiro[chroman-2,4'- dine]—1 '-yl)methan0ne HATU,Et3N T + H0 —~—-—--—> o 1 N NH 0 A mixture of spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine] (20 mg, 0.1 mmol), 4- isopropoxymethylbenzoic acid (19 mg, 0.1 mmol), HATU (38 mg, 0.1 mmol), and triethylamine (28 uL, 0.2 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred for 2h. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC to give (4-isopropoxy methylphenyl)(spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone. ESI-MS m/z calc. 3795, found 380.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.16 minutes (3 min run). propoxy-3—methoxyphenyl)(spiro [chroman-2,4'—piperidine] -1 '— yl)methanone and (4—(isopropylsulfonyl)pheny1)(Spiro[chroman-Z,4'—piperidine]—1 ’-yl)methanone were prepared using a procedure similar as reported above.

Hydr0xy-1,l~dimethyl-ethyl)methoxy-phenyl]-(4— isopropoxyspiro[chromane—2,4'~piperidine]-1'-y1)methanone 1) Pd tBZnF; [iii/1F2P) + OC\_ Br /Si\ 2) NaBH4 MeOH N O/ 00349] To a 100 mL flask was added Pd t-BU3P 2 103 mg 0.202 mmol , , ZnF; (174 mg, 1.69 mmol), and DMF (1.5 mL). The mixture was purged with en and was allowed to stir for 10 minutes. (4—Bromomethoxy—pheny1)—(4—isopropoxyspiro[chromane— iperidine]—l'-yl)methanone (320 mg, 0.675 mmol) in BM? (1 mL) was added followed by hyl(2—methylprop-l-enoxy)si1ane (487 mg, 620 pL, 3.37 mmol). The mixture was heated at 80 °C for 3h. The mixture was quenched with brine and was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x).

The combined organics were separated and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (3%—70% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give 2—(4—(4~isopropoxyspiro[chroman—2,4'-piperidine]-1'-ylcarbonyl)~2- methoxyphenyl)-2—methylpropanal as a white solid. To the solid was added MeOH (1 mL) followed by NaBH4 (51 mg, 1.3 mol) at 0 °C. After 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (20-99% MeOH2H20 with no r) to give [4- (2-hydroxy- l , l —dimethyl-ethy1)-3 —methoxy-phenyl]~(4-isopropoxyspiro [chromane-2,4’- piperidine]-l‘-yl)methanone as an ite solid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 4673, found 468.7 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.89 minutes (3 min run).

PCT/U82012/025374 (4-Isopropoxy-1,l-dioxo-spiro[3,4—dihydrothiochromene—Z,4'- piperidinel-l (4-isoprop0xymethoxy-phenyl)methanone Step 1: 1-(4-Isopropoxy—3-methoxy-benzoyl)spiro[piperidine—4,2‘- thiochromane]-4‘-one O / O Y O ‘<\ H s S CH2 CI2 NH ‘—< N 0 o/ *HCI O Eth (4.13 mL, 29.7 mmol) was added to a e of spiro[piperidine— 4,2'—thiochromane]-4'-one (2.00 g, 7.41 mmol), 4—isopropoxymethoxy-benzoic acid (1.56 g, 7.41 mmol), EDCI (1.42 g. 7.41 mmol), and CH2C12 (50 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight before it was washed with 1N HCl, and brine. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Column chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) on the residue gave l-(4-isopropoxy methoxy-benzoyl)spiro[piperidine-4,2'-thiochromane]-4'-one (2.31 g, 73%). ESI-MS m/z calc. 425.2, found 426.1 ; Retention time: 1.72 minutes (3 min run). 1H NIVIR (400 MHz, CDC13) 8 8.08 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.95 — 6.90 (m, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (dt, J =12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H)= 3.42 (s, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.01 (s, J = 26.0 Hz, 2H), 1.75 (s, 2H), 1.61 (s, 2H), 1.37 (d, J: 6.1 Hz, 6H).

Step 2: (4-1sopropoxymethoxy-pheny’D-(4'- isopropoxyspiro[piperidine—4,2'—thiochromane]yl)methanone W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 To 1-(4-isopropoxy—3-methoxy-benzoyl)spiro[piperidine-4,2’— romane]-4'-one (750 mg, 1.76 mmol) and MeOH (15 mL) was added NaBH4 (133 mg, 3.52 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir for 10 min before it was quenched with sat.

NH4Cl. The pH ofthe mixture was ed to ~7 with 1N HCl and the mixture was ted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to provide (4'—hydroxyspiro[piperidine-4,2'-thiochroman]yl)(4—isopropoxy-3— methoxyphenyl)methanone. EST-MS m/z. calc. 427.2, found 428.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.60 s (3 min run).

To (4‘-hydroxyspiro[piperidine—4,2'—thiochroman]— 1 -yl)(4-isopropoxy-3 — methoxyphenyl)-n1ethanone was added iPrOH (13.5 mL, 176 mmol) followed by HCl (88 uL of 4.0 M in dioxane, 0.35 mmol) and dioxane (15 mL). The mixture was heated at 60 °C for 5 h.

The mixture was cooled to room temperature and was treated with saturated aqueous NaHCOg.

The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined cs were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give (4-isopropoxy-3 -methoxy-phenyl)-(4'— isopropoxyspiro[piperidine-4,2’-thiochromane]yl)methanone (170 mg, 20%) [ESI-MS m/z calc. 469.2, found 470.2 (M+l)+; Retention time: 2.02 minutes (3 min run)] contaminated with 1-(4—isopropoxy—3 ~methoxy-benzoyl)spiro[piperidine—4,2'-thiochromane]-4'-one and the elimination product. The mixture was used without further manipulation.

Step 3: (4-Isopropoxy-1,1-di0xo—spiro[3,4-dihydrothiochromene— 2,4'—piperidine]-l '-yl)—(4—isopr0poxymethoxy-phenyl)methanone ] A mixture of (4-isopropoxymethoxy-pheny1)-(4'- poxyspiro[piperidine—4,2'-thiochromane]y1)methanone (150 mg, 0.319 mmol), mCPBA (251 mg, 1.12 mmol), and CH2C12 (3 mL) was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes), then by prep-HPLC (O-99% ACN/water; no modifier) to give (4- isopropoxy-l, o-spiro[3,4-dihydrothiochromene-2,4'-piperidine]- l'-yl)-(4-isopropoxy-3 - methoxy-phenyl)methanone (45 mg, 28%) as a white solid. ESl-MS m/z calc. 501.2, found 502.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.68 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl:,) 6 7.94 (dd, J = 7.1, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.69 ~ 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.51 (dd, J = 10.8, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.05 - 6.93 (m, 2H), 6.87 (dd, J = 8.2, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.89 — 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.65 — 4.50 (m, 1H), 3.92 (dd, J = 11.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 3H), 3.40 (dd, 1: 13.7, 9.9 Hz, 2H), 2.67 — 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.53 — 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.40 — 2.16 (m, J = 39.2 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (s, 1H), 1.70 (s, 1H), 1.58 (d, J= 5.0 Hz, 2H), 1.38 (dd, J: 6.0, 4.1Hz,6H), 1.35 — 1.22 (m, 611).

[00358] (4-Isopropoxy— 1 , l—dioxo—spiro [3 ,4—dihydrothiochromene—2,4'— piperidine]-1'-yl)-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)methanone and [(4S)~4-isopropoxy- l , 1-dioxo—spiro[3 ,4- othiochromene-2,4'—piperidine] — 1 '-yl]-(4—isopropoxy—3 —rnethyl—phenyl)methanone were ed using the procedures described above. (4-lsopropoxymeth0xy-phenyl)-(4-methoxy-l,l-dioxo-spiro [3,4- dihydrothiochromene—2,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methanone Step 1: (4-Isopr0p0xy-3—methoxy-phenyl)—(4'-methoxyspiro- [piperidine—4,2'—thiochromane]yl)methan0ne OH \0 O NaH, DMF; 73/ S I Mel N s I O/ (16%N I To a mixture of (4'—hydroxyspiro[piperidine-4,2‘-thiochromane]y1)—(4~ poxymethoxy-phenyl)methanone (190 mg, 0.444 mmol) and DMF (1 mL) was added NaH (53 mg, 1.3 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 10 minutes before MeI (111 pL, 1.78 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol was added to the on and it was filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under d pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5 mL) and was washed with water (3 mL), 1M hydrochloric acid (3 mL), a saturated aqueous solution W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 of sodium bicarbonate (3 mL) and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride (3 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was ated under reduced re to yield (4-isopropoxymethoxy-phenyl)-(4'-methoxyspiro[piperidine-4,2}— thiochromane]yl)methanone (157 mg, 80%). EST-MS m/z calc. 441.2, found 442.5 (Mt-1): Retention time: 1.86 minutes (3 min run).

] Step 2: (4-Isopropoxymethoxy-phenyl)-(4-methoxy—1,1-di0x0- spiro[3,4-dihydrothiochromene~2,4'—piperidine]-1'-yl)methan0ne db 0““ S Nm/CEO/MO MeOH H20 C giboYO/S\‘O/ (4-Isopropoxy—3~methoxy—phenyl)-(4'—methoxyspiro[piperidine-4,2'- thiochromane]-1—yl)methanone (157 mg, 0.355 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (3.9 mL), followed by the addition ofwater (388 pL) and Oxone (437 mg, 0.711 mmol). The on mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was d with dichloromethane (5 mL). The solution was washed with water (2 x 5 mL) and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride (5 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the t was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (0—100% ethyl acetate / hexane) to yield (4— isopropoxy-3 ~methoxy—phenyl)—(4-methoxy- 1 , 1-dioxo-spiro[3,4—dihydrothiochromene-2,4‘- piperidine]~1‘-yl)methanone as a white solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 473.2, found 474.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 3.90 minutes (15 min run), 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.84 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.78 — 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.67 — 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.07 — 6.91 (m, 3H), 4.73 — 4.51 (m, 2H), 4.27 — 3.64 (m, 5H), 3.56 — 3.37 (m, 5H), 2.84 — 2.71 (m, 1H), 2.57 — 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.13 — 1.68 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H). (4—Ethoxy-1, o-spiro[3 ,4—dihydrothiochromene-2,4'-piperidine]-1‘- yl)—(4-isopropoxy-3 -methoxy—phenyl)methanone was also prepared using the procedures described above.

W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 1'-(4—(2-hydroxypropanyl)—3-methylbenzoyl) isopropoxyspiro[chroman-ZA'-piperidine]carbonitrile Step 1: 1'-(4-(2-hydroxypropanyl)—3-methylbenzoyl)—4- oxospiro[chr0man-2,4’-piperidine]carb0nitrile oH OH 2110 N2 B r O Pd(PPh3)4 A solution of 6—bromo-1'-[4-(1—hydroxy—l-methyl-ethyl)-3 -methyl- benzoyl]spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-4~one (353 mg, 0.75 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) was treated with ozinc (88 mg, 47 uL, 0.75 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (86 mg, 0.075 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to 90°C for 90 min, cooled, and diluted with DCM and water. The mixture was extracted with DCM (3 X 15 mL) and the combined organics were dried (Na2S04), filtered, and concentrated under reduced re.

Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 1-100% EtOAc/Hexanes) afforded 1'— [4-( 1 -hydroxy— l -methy1—ethy1)-3—methyl—benzoyl]-4—oxo-spiro[chromane-Z,4'-piperidine] carbonitrile (303 mg, 97%) as a colorless oil. ESI—MS m/z calc. 4182, found 419.5 (M+1)+; ion time: 1.61 minutes (3 min run).

] Step 2: 4-Hydroxy—l'-(4-(2-hydr0xypr0pan-2—yl) methylbenzoyl)spiro[chroman-2,4'-piperidine]~6—carb0nitrile OH . OH </ \\ HO (5: 0% ~ kax N BHa >~\ /"“\ \ Fl MN 6 H:>’O N\\ i <o MeOH \‘écfl 0 A solution of 1’-[4-(1-hydroxymethy1-ethyl)-3~methyl-benzoyl] oxo-spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]carbonitrile (289 mg, 0.69 mmol) in MeOH (3.5 mL) was treated with NaBH4 (52 mg, 1.38 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for l h and was W0 2012/112743 2012/025374 quenched by the on of saturated aqueous NH4C1. The methanol was removed under reduced pressure and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3 X 30 mL). The combined organics were dried (NaZSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 4- hydroxy-l'-(4-(2—hydroxypropan—2-yl)-3 -methylbenzoyl)spiro[chroman—2,4'—piperidine] itrile (270 mg, 93%) which was used without further purification. ESI-MS m/z calc. 420.2, found 421.5 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.52 minutes (3 min run).

Step 3: l'~(4—(2-Hydr0xypr0pan-2—yl)—3—methylbenzoyl)—4— isopropoxyspiro[chroman-2,4'~piperidine]carbonitrile >5” y ~24 H0 9 0\ NQJQFN fl 4g:\/§ o N\\\ [We/{QM \O :1 iPrBr r4 ‘10 [00371] A solution of 4-hydroxy-l'—[4—(1-hydroxymethyl—ethyl)—3-methyl- benzoyl]spiro[chromane-Z,4'—piperidine]carbonitrile (313 mg, 0.74 mmol) in DMF (4.5 mL) was cooled to 0°C and sodium hydride (65 mg, 1.63 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, 2- bromopropane (109 mg, 84 uL, 0.89 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm to 25°C and stirred for 20 minutes. The reaction was filtered and purified by e phase hplc %, no modifier) ACNszO to afi‘ord l’-[4—(1-hydroxymethyl—ethyl)—3-methyl-benzoyl]- 4-isopropoxy-spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]~6-carbonitrile as a colorless oil. EST—MS m/z calc. 462.2, found 463.5 (M+l)+; Retention time: 1.92 minutes (3 min run). (2'-(tert-Butyl)-7'-isopr0p0xy—6',7'-dihydr0-2'H—spiro[piperidine— 4,5'—pyrano[3,2—c]pyrazol]—1—yl)(4—isopr0poxymethoxyphenyl)methanone

[00373] Step 1: utyl 2—tert—butyl-7—0x0—spiro[6H-pyrano [3,2- c]pyrazole—5,4'-piperidine]—1'-carb0xylate W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/USZOIZ/025374 WON—{3% o ea;N\ pyrollidine, MeOH 0 NBoc To a 250 mL flask was added tert-butylhydrazine hloride (6.7 g, 54 mmol) in H20 (55 mL) and the solution was stirred for 15 min at 25 °C until all solids dissolved. 2-Oxopropanal (7.5 g, 42 mmol) was added and the e was stirred for 4 h during which time it became bright yellow in color (formng two layers). The mixture was extracted with MTBE (2 X 40 mL) and the combined organics were washed with 1N NaOH (2 X 50 mL), H20, and concentrated. The crude material was diluted with H20 (55 mL) and treated with hyde (13.9 g, 11.0 mL of 40 %w/w, 96 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to 95 °C for 1 h, cooled to 25 °C and extracted with MTBE (2 X 50 mL). The combined organics were washed with 1 N NaOH (2 X 50 mL) and the combined aqueous layers were cooled to 5 °C, acidified to pH 3 with HCI 33—40 wt/wt percent in water, then extracted MTBE (3 X 100 mL ). The combined organic layers were washed with H20 and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the concentrate was added MeOl-l (83 mL), tert-butyl 4- eridine-l-carboxylate (8.46 g, 42.5 mmol), and pyrrolidine (592 mg, 695 uL, 8.3 mmol).

The reaction mixture was heated to 68 °C for 24 h, cooled to 25 °C and neutalized with 1 N HCl. The e was concentrated and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 X 150 mL) and the combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (Na2804), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.

Purification by flash column chromatography (SiOz, 1—50% EtOAc—hexanes) afforded tert-butyl 2—tert—butyl—7-oxo—spiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate (9 g, 59%) as a yellow solid. EST—MS m/z calc. 363.5, found 3645 (M+1)+; ion time: 1.83 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 5 7.21 (s, 1H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.16 (t, J= 11.2 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (s, 2H), 2.08 — 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.69 — 1.54 (m, 11H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

The following compound was ed by the procedures described above: W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 tert—butyl 2‘-methyl-7'-oxo~6', 7'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[piperidine-4, 5'-pyrano[3 ,2-c]pyrazole]— 1— carboxylate.

Step 2: 2-tert—Butylspiro[6H—pyrano[3,2—c]pyrazole—5,4‘— piperidine]0ne %’N,N: ACCI %NN: NBOC MeOH/EtOAc NH A solution of 2—fert—butyloxo-spiro[6H—pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole—5,4'— piperidine]—l'—carboxylate (1.2 g, 3.30 mmol) in MeOH (3 .5 mL) and EtOAc (13 mL) was cooled to 0 °C and treated with acetyl chloride (1.8 g, 1.6 mL, 225 mmol) dropwise over 30 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 25 °C and stir for 4 h. The on mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and was diluted with DCM. The mixture was basified with 1 N NaOH and was extracted with DCM (3 X 100 mL). The ed cs were dried 4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2-Iert- butylspiro[6H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole—5,4'—piperidine]one (508 mg, 58%) as a yellow solid which was used without further purification. EST—MS m/z calc. 263.3, found 264.3 (M+l)+; Retention time: 0.75 minutes (3 min run).

The following compound was prepared by the procedures described above: 2‘-methyl—2'H—spiro[piperidine-4,5'-pyrano[3,2-0]pyrazol]-7'(6'H)~one.

] Step 3: 2-tert—Butyl-1'~(4-isopropoxy-3—methoxy-benzoyl)spiro[6H— pyrano[3,2—c]pyrazole—5,4'—piperidine]—7—one H020U:k %N’:N HATU Et3N WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 A solution of 4-isopropoxy—3-methoxy-benzoic acid (263 mg, 1.25 mmol) and HATU (650 mg, 1.7 mmol) in DMF (6.4 mL) was treated with Eth (480 uL, 3.4 mmol) and stirred for 10 min. The reaction mixture was treated with 2—tert—butylspiro[6H- pyrano[3,2—c]pyrazole-5,4'-piperidine]one (300 mg, 1.14 mmol) and stirred for l h at 25 DC.

The reaction mixture was diluted with H20 (60 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried 4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography (SiOz, 30~100% EtOAc—hexanes) afforded 2-tert-butyl~1'-(4-isopropoxymethoxy— benzoyl)spiro[6H—pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4’-piperidine]~7-one (498 mg, 96%) as a colorless foam. ESI—MS m/z calc. 4552, found 4561 ; Retention time: 1.71 minutes (3 min run).

] The following compound was prepared by the ures described above: 1-(4—isopropoxy-3 -methylbenzoyl)—2’-methyl-2'H—spiro[piperidine-4,5'-pyrano[3:2-c]pyrazol]- 7'(6‘H)-one.

[00382] Step 4: t-Butylhydroxy-spiro[6,7-dihydr0pyrano[3,2— c] pyrazole—5,4'-piperidine]-1'—yl)—(4-isopr0p0xymethoxy-phenyl)methanone _}N, \/ A solution of 2-z‘ert—butyl-1'-(4-isopropoxy~3 ~methoxy— benzoyl)spiro[6H—pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4‘-piperidine]one (518 mg, 1.14 mmol) in MeOH (6.2 mL) was treated with NaBH4 (86 mg, 2.27 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NH4Cl. The methanol was removed under d pressure and the mixture was extracted with CH2C12 (3 X 30 mL). The combined organics were dried (Na2504), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography (SiOz, 24 g, 1-100 % EtOAc—hexanes) afforded (2-tert-butyl-7— hydroxy-spiro[6,7-dihydropyrano[3 ,2—c]pyrazole-5 ,4'-piperidine]- l '-yl)~(4-isopropoxy—3 - PCT/U82012/025374 methoxy—phenyl)methanone (487 mg, 94%) ESI-MS m/z calc. 457.3, found 458.5 (M+l)_; Retention time: 1.64 minutes (3 min run).

The ing compound was prepared by the procedures described above: (7'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-6‘,7’-dihydro-2'H—spiro[piperidine-4,5'-pyrano [3 ,2-c]pyrazole]- l -yl)(4— isopropoxymethylphenyl)methanone.

Step 5: (2'-(tert—Butyl)-7'-isopropoxy~6’,7'-dihydro—Z‘H— piperidine—4,5'—pyrano[3,2~c]pyrazol]yl)(4—isoprop0xy methoxyphenyl)methan0ne rN'N\ 1/ i—PrOH, szo / pr/ , 0 A solution of (2-tert-butylhydroxy—spiro[6,7-dihydropyrano[3_.2— c]pyrazole—5,4'-piperidine]-l’-yl)—(4—isopropoxy-3 -methoxy-phenyl)methanone (103 mg, 0.23 mmol) in isopropyl alcohol (0.86 mL, 11.3 mmol) was cooled to 0 °C and treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic ide (8 uL, 0.05 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 25 °C and stir for 12 h. The reaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHC03 and was ted with EtOAc (3 X 20 mL). The combined organics were dried (NaZSO4), filtered, and concentrated under d pressure. The crude product was purified by reverse phase HPLC (1-100% ACN/HZO, no r) to afford (2'-(tert—butyl)-7'-isopropoxy- 6',7'—dihydro-2'H—spiro[piperidine—4,5'—pyrano[3,2~c]pyrazol]-l—yl)(4—isopropoxy—3— methoxyphenyl) methanone (40 mg, 36%) as a colorless foam. EST—MS m/z calc. 4993, found 500.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.07 minutes (3 min run). (7'-Isopropoxy-2'-methyl-6',7'-dihydro-2'H—spiro[piperidine—4,5'- pyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole]yl)(4-isopropoxy—S-methylphenyl)methanone W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 OH 1 €610 o —N o / \r ,N\ NaH. DMF —-N o O ——-—-——> / Sodium hydride (54 mg, 1.4 mmol) was added to a mixture of (7— hydroxy—Z—methyl-spiro[6,7-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyrazole-5,4'—piperidine]-1'-y1)-(4—isopropoxy— 3-methyl-phenyl)methanone (380 mg, 0.94 mmol), DMAP (11.5 mg, 0.094 mmol), and DIVIF (7.5 mL) at ambient temperature before 2—bromopropane (1.16 g, 884 uL, 9.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to stir for 811 at 35 °C before the process (NaH addition, then opropane addition) was repeated 7x over a 48h . The e was quenched with MeOH at 0 °C. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The layers were ted and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x). The ed organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give (4-isopropoxy—3-methyl-phenyl)-(7- isopropoxy-Z-methyl-spiro [6, 7-dihydropyrano [3 yrazole-5,4'-piperidine]- 1 '-yl)methanone (90 mg, 21%). EST—MS m/z calc. 441.3, found 442.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.72 minutes (3 min run). 1HN1V£R (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 7.25 ~ 7.17 (m, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (t, J = 4.6 1-12, 1H), 4.55 (dt, 3 = 12.1, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (s, 1H), 4.04 (dt, 1 = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.01 (qd, J: 14.5, 4.6 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (s, 1H), 1.70 (s, 3H), 1.34 (d, I = 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.21 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H). 4—(1-Hydroxy—1-methyl-ethyl)methyl-benzoic acid

[00390] 4—Bromomethyl-benzoic acid (3.96 g, 18.4 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and the solution was cooled to -78 °C. n-Butyllithium in hexanes (16.2 mL of 2.5 M, 41 mmol) was added dropwise over 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 d to stir for 30 minutes at -78 °C and then acetone (1.35 mL, 18.4 mmol) was added in a drop-wise manner. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 30 minutes at -78 °C, and then it was allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture was then diluted with 100 . mL of 1M aqueous sodium hydroxide. The organic layer was discarded and then the aqueous layer was made acidic with 4M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and then evaporated to dryness. The crude material was fiirther purified on silica gel utilizing a gradient of 0-10% methanol in romethane to give 4-(1-hydroxy-1—methyl—ethyl)—3 -methyl~ benzoic acid (1.51 g, 42%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 12.74 (s, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J = 3.9, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7,55 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (s, 1H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 6H). 5—Isopropoxy—6-methylpicolinic acid Step 1: 4,6-Dibromo-Z-methylpyridinol (:10 0” CH30N \ Br N

[00393] ylpyridinol (8.3 g, 76.1 mmol) was ded in acetonitrile (125 mL). A solution ofNBS (27.7 g, 155.6 mmol, 2.05 equiv) in acetonitrile (275 mL) was added to the suspension drop-wise over 1 hour. The mixture was heated at reflux for 1.5 h. The e was concentrated and the residue was purified by column tography (DCM) to give 4,6-dibromomethylpyridin—3 —01 (15.8 g, 78%) as a yellow solid. 1H N1VIR (300 MHZ, DMSO-da) 2.41 (s, 3H), 7.70 (s, 111), 9.98 (s, 111).

Step 2: 6-Br0m0methylpyridinol 1) nBuLi THF / 2) H20 \ Br N 4,6-Dibromomethylpyridin—3-ol (15.8 g, 59.4 mmol) was dissolved in TI-E (200 mL). The solution was cooled to -78°C and n-BuLi (50 mL, 125 mmol, 2.5 M in W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 hexane) was added drop-wise keeping the ature at -78°C. The mixture was allowed to stir at that temperature for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with water (50 mL) and was neutralized with 2 N HCl. The aqueous mixture was extracted with romethane (2x). The combined organic layers were dried (NaZSO4) and concentrated to give 6—bromo—2— methylpyridin-3 -01 (10.5 g, 95%) as a yellow oil. 1H—N1V1R (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 2.29 (s, 3H), 7.08 (d, 1H), 7.26 (d, 1H), 10.08 (s, 1H).

Step 3: 6-Br0moisopropoxy-Z-methylpyridine mOH mopropane Br \N K2003 DMF [Br/(j:Y 6—Bromo~2—methylpyridinol (10.5 g, 55.9 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (100 mL). K2CO3 (19.3 g, 139.6 mmol) and 2-bromopropane (13.1 ml, 139.6 mmol) were added to the solution and the mixture was heated at 100 °C overnight. The mixture was poured into a mixture ofwater and EtOAc (200 mL). The layers were separated and the s layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2S04) and concentrated. The crude oil was purified by column chromatography (0—20% ethyl acetate/heptanes) to give 6—bromo-3—isopropoxy-2—methylpyridine (10.9 g, 85) as a yellow oil. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) 1.42 (d, 6H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 4.65 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 8.04 (d, 1H).

Step 4: Methyl 5—isopropoxymethylpicolinate \ co, PdC12(PPh3)2 Br N Eth, MeOH Meow/(IN

[00399] 6-Bromoisopropoxy-Z-methylpyridine (2.00 g, 8.70 mmol), PPh3)2 (0.18 g, 0.26 mmol) and Eth (1.8 ml, 13.04 mmol) were added to MeOH (5.2 mL) and acetonitrile (20 mL) in a BerghoFF reactor. The reactor was d with 10 bar CO (g) and was heated at 60 °C overnight. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between DCM and water. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried (NazSO4). The mixture was concentrated and purified by column W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/USZO12/025374 chromatography to give methyl 5-isopropoxymethylpicolinate (1.3 g, 71%) as a yellow oil.

IR (300 MHz, CDCig) 1.40 (d, 6H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 4.62 (m, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 7.98 (d, 11-1).

Step 5: 5-Isopropoxy-G-methylpicolinic acid LiOH, THF fly MeOfir\ HO \ N N O 0 ] Methyl 5—isopropoxymethylpicolinate (1.3 g, 6.22 mmol) was dissolved in THF/water 2:1 (9 mL). LiOH *HZO (0.26 g, 6.22 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into a e of water and EtOAc and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was acidified to pH 4 with 2 N HCl and was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organics were dried 4) and concentrated to give 5—isopropoxy—6—methylpicolinic acid (860 mg, 74%) as a beige solid. 4-(2-Hydroxypropan-Z-yl)-3—methoxybenzoic acid 0 O HOJKQECK nBuLi, THF; HO 0\ acetone OH 4—Bromomethoxy-benzoic acid (2.00 g, 8.67 mmol) was dissolved in THF (50 mL) and the solution was cooled to —78 °C. n—BuLi in hexanes (7.6 mL of 2.5 M, 19 mmol) was added dropwise over 15 minutes. The on mixture was allowed to stir for 30 minutes at -78 °C and then acetone (640 uL, 8.9 mmol) was added in a dropwise manner. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 30 minutes at -78 OC, and then it was allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture was then diluted with 100 mL of 1M aqueous sodium hydroxide. The organic layer was discarded and the aqueous layer was made acidic with 4M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was then ted 3 times with ethyl acetate.

The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and then evaporated to dryness. The crude material was purified by column chromatography utilizing a gradient of 0-5% methanol in dichloromethane to give ydroxypropan—2—yl)—3 —methoxybenzoic acid (618 mg, 34%).

W0 2012/1 12743 ESI-VIS m/z calc. 210.1, found 209.1 (M-l)‘; Retention time: 0.68 minutes (3 min run). 4-(Isopropylsulfonyl)methylbenzoic acid Step 1: 4-(lsopropylthio)methylbenzoic acid BuLi, THF; OH /L OH (IPrS)2 Br S Butyllithium (16 mL of 1.6 M, 26 mmol) was added drop—wise to a mixture of 4-bromo-3—methyl—benzoic acid (2.5 g, 12 mmol) and THE (63 mL) at —78 °C. The mixture was allowed to stir at —78 °C for 30 minutes before a solution of 2- isopropyldisulfanylpropane (1.7 g, 12 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added drop-wise. The e was allowed to stir at ~78 °C for 30 min, then 30 min at rt. The reaction mixture was then diluted with 100 ml, of 1M aqueous sodium ide. The organic layer was discarded and the aqueous layer was made acidic with 4M aqueous hloric acid. The aqueous layer was then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined ts were dried over sodium sulfate and then evaporated to dryness. The crude material was purified by column chromatography using a gradient of 0-5% MeOH in dichloromthane to give 4-(isopropylthio)—3-methylbenzoic acid (870 mg, 18%). MS m/z calc. 210.3, found 211.2 (M+1)+. Retention time: 2.32 minutes (3 min run).

Step 2: 4-(Isopropylsulfonyl)—3-methylbenzoic acid 0 O A OH mCPBA *8 OH 3 CH2C|2 6’‘b 3-Chlorobenzenecarboperoxoic acid (930 mg, 4.2 mmol) was added to a mixture of 4—(isopropylthio)—3 lbenzoic acid (250 mg, 1.2 mmol) and dichloromethane (5.0 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was allowed to stir at 25 °C for 2h before it was concentrated in vacuo. The white solid material was taken up in dichloromethane and was subjected to column chromatography (0-2% MeOH/dichloromethane) to give 4-isopropylsulfonylmethyl—benzoic acid (90 mg, 31%) as a white solid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 242.3, found 243.2 (M+l)+. Retention W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 time: 1.57 minutes (3 min run). 1HNMR (400 MHZ, DMSO) 8 13.50 (s, 1H), 8.50 — 7.66 (m, 3H), 3.50 -3.47 (m, 1H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 1.19 (d, J= 1.16 Hz, 6H). 4-(tert-Butylsulfonyl)benzoic acid ] Step 1: 4-(tert-Butylthio)benzoic acid pF S tBuSNa 0 w K \/ HO O 0 Ethyl 4-fluorobenzoate (1.5 g, 8.9 mmol) and tert-butylsulfanylsodium (2.00 g, 17.8 mmol) were combined in methylformamide (10 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 80 °C for 2 hours. A large amount of precipitate formed and an additional 15 mL ofN,N—dimethylformamide was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 20 hours at 80 °C. The on mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layer was discarded, and the water layer was made acidic with 4M hydrochloric acid. The water layer was extracted two times with ethyl e. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness to yield 4-(tert- butylthio)benzoic acid as a colorless oil. EST-MS m/z calc. 210.3, found 211.1 (M+1)+.

Retention time: 1.74 s (3 min run).

Step 2: 4—(tert—Butylsulfonyl)benzoic acid Ow/O S S H202 HOj/Q/ \K m" HO ACOH \H/Q/ K O 0 rt—Butylthio)benzoic acid (from Step 1) was dissolved in AcOH (10 mL) and hydrogen peroxide (5.0 mL of 30 %w/w, 52 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture.

The resulting mixture was heated at 80 °C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to room temperature, and was diluted with 50 mL ofwater and 100 mL of ethyl acetate.

The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate ts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness to yield a White solid. The white solid was then dissolved in dichloromethane and was W0 2012/112743 evaporated to dryness. The solid was then dried under vacuum for 16 hours to give 4-2‘ert— butylsulfonylbenzoic acid (2.2 g, 92%) as a white solid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 242.1, found 2431 (M+1)+. Retention time: 1.15 minutes (3 min run). 11-1 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 6 8.18 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.25 (s, 9H).

[00414] 4—(Ethylsulfonyl)benzoic acid and 4-(2-propylsulfonyl)benzoic acid were also synthesized using the procedures described above. 3-F0rmylisopr0p0xybenzoic acid Step 1: Methyl yl—4—isopropoxybenzoate OH O iPr-I, K2003 /o _.. /0 CH0 CH0 0 O

[00417] To methyl 3—formyl—4-hydroxy—benzoate (10.0 g, 55.5 mmol), ium carbonate (30.7 g, 222 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (63 mL) was added propane (11.1 mL, 111 mmol). The mixture was heated at 60 °C for 18 hours. The mixture was filtered using ethyl acetate (200 mL) and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (150 mL) and was washed with water (3 x 75 mL) and a l5 saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride (1 x 75 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium e, filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield methyl 3—forrnylisopropoxy-benzoate (98%) as a yellow viscous liquid. ESI-MS m/z calc. 222.2, found 223.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.51 s (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 .35 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, J: 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, I z 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.98 — 4.83 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 1.38 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H), Step 2: 3-Formyl-4—is0propoxybenzoic acid N Oa H \o CHO CH0 k dixoane/water To a solution of the ester (from previous step) in dioxane (4 mL) was PCT/U52012/025374 added 2 mL of sodium ide solution (5N). The reaction mixture was heated at 65 °C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and was diluted with 20 mL of water. The water layer was extracted with 20 mL portion of ethyl acetate (2x). The organic extracts were discarded and the aqueous layer was made acidic with 1M HCl. The resulting t was then extracted into ethyl acetate, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to s to yield 3-formyl—4—isopropoxy-benzoic acid (320 mg, 55% over 2 steps) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 10.36 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (dd, J = 2.5, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.96 — 4.87 (m, 1H), 1.37 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 6H). 3—(Hydroxymethyl)isopropoxy-benzoic acid ] Step 1: Methyl 3-formy1—4-isopropoxy-benzoate Methyl 3-forrnyl—4-isopropoxy-benzoate (180 mg, 0.81 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (4.8 mL) and LiBH4 (35 mg, 1.6 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes before it was quenched with methanol (3 mL).

The reaction was neutralized by the addition of a ted aqueous solution of sodium onate (3 mL) and was then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organics were washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride (1 x 10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield methyl 3-(hydroxyrnethyl)~4-isopropoxy—benzoate (99%) as a viscous liquid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 2243, found 225.3 (M+1)+; Retention time: 1.26 minutes ( 3 min run). 1H Nh/[R (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (t, J: 5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.86 — 4.68 (m, 1H), 4.54 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H).

Step 2: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4—isopropoxy-benzoic acid W0 2012/112743 PCT/U52012/025374 Y Y O O NaOH /oVCR —_> HO dioxane rq O OH O OH To methyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)-4—isopropoxy-benzoate (180 mg, 0.80 mmol) and 0xane (1.895 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2.1 mL of 1.0 M, 2.1 mmol) and the mixture was heated at 80 °C for 50 minutes. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude mixture was dissolved in water (10 mL) and was washed with ethyl e (3 x 10 mL) which was discarded The aqueous layer was ed with hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl te (3 x 10 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 3-(hydroxymethyl)—4~isopropoxy~benzoic acid (89%) as a white solid. ESI—MS m/z calc. 210.2, found 211.3 (M+l)+; ion time: 1.01 minutes ( 3 min run). 3-Methylmethylsulfonyl—benzoic acid F a) socb, MeOH 8\ b) MeSNa, DMF HO HO (2) H O ,AcOH 0 d) LinQ, THF 0 Thionyl chloride (3.55 mL, 48.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-fluoro-3 -methyl-benzoic acid (2.50 g, 16.2 mmol) in methanol (102 mL) at 0 °C.

The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture ws evaporated to dryness and the crude ester was then dissolved in N,N—dimethy1formamide (10 mL). Sodium thiomethoxide (2.50 g, 35.7 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 80 °C for hours. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between 1M hloric acid and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with 1M hydrochloric acid. The ethyl acetate layer was then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The resultant acid and ester mixture was suspended in acetic acid (20 mL). Hydrogen peroxide (5.0 mL of 30 %w/w) was added and the reaction e was heated at 80 °C for 2 hours. The reaction e was diluted with water (20 mL) and the resulting mixture was extracted three times with 50 mL portions of ethyl acetate. The combined organics were WO 12743 2012/025374 evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Water (10 mL) and lithium hydroxide (1 . 17 g, 48.7 mmol) were then added and the reaction mixture was heated at 65 °C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and the resulting mixture was extracted three times with 20 mL portions of ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was then made acidic with s 6M hydrochloric acid and was ed 3 times with 50 mL portions of ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness to yield 3-methylmethylsulfonyl-benzoic acid (2.25 g, 72%) as a white solid. EST-MS m/z calc. 214.0, found 215.0 (M+1)+; Retention time: 0.97 minutes (3 min run). 1H NMR (400 MHZ, DMSO) 5 13.48 (s, 1H), 8.07 — 7.94 (m, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H). 2-(Difluoromethoxy)-4—isopropoxy-benzoic acid Step 1: Isopropyl 2-hydroxyisopropoxy-benzoate wOH O ———» Y(3er r O OH O OH To a on of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (5.0 g, 32.4 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added 2-bromopropane (7.98 g, 6.1 mL, 64.9 mmol) followed by finely ground potassium carbonate (8.97 g, 64.9 mmol). Substantial bubbling was observed. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 60 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced re to a brown solid. It was taken up in a mixture c (75 mL) and water (75 mL). Layers were mixed well, and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (1X 75 mL) and brine (1X 75 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 4.73 grams ofbrown oil. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography: 80 gram silica gel column, 0-20% EtOAc/hexane gradient over 25 minutes. Pure fractions were combined and concentrated to provide isopropyl 2-hydroxy—4-isopropoxy—benzoate (3.1 g, 40%) as a clear ess oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13)6 11.12 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.44 — 6.36 (m, 2H), 5.26 (dq, J: 12.5, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 1.36 (dd, J = 7.7, 6.2 Hz, 12H).

ESI-MS m/z calc. 238.12051, found 239.2 (M+1)+; Retention time: 2.05 minutes.

W0 2012/112743 Step 2: Isopropyl 2-(difluoromethoxy)isopropoxy-benzoate or 7/ Yo ———> Y O O F 0 OH Y To a solution of sodium 2—chloro-2,2-difluoro-acetate (2.4 g, 15.7 mmol) in water (2.25 mL) and DIVE? (7.5 mL) was added isopropyl 2—hydroxy—4-isopropoxy— benzoate (1.5 g, 6.29 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 100 °C for 2 days.

The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (75 mL) and washed with water (1 X 75 mL) and brine (1 X 75 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by silica gel column chromatography: 24 gram silica gel , 0-5% hexanes gradient over 15 minutes; t eluted at 5%.

Pure fractions were combined and concentrated to provide isopropyl 2-(difluoromethoxy) poxy-benzoate (148 mg, 8%) as a clear colorless oil. EST-MS m/z calc. 288.1l73, found 289.1 (M+l)+; Retention time: 1.84 minutes.

Step 3: uoromethoxy)-4—isoprop0xy—benzoic acid nor0 WE; r0 Y O OYF O OYF F F

[00433] To a solution of isopropyl 2-(difluoromethoxy)—4—isopropoxy-benzoate (148 mg, 0.51 mmol) in methanol (2.5 mL) was added an aqueous on of sodium hydroxide (2.6 mL of 1 M, 2.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 70 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (75 mL) and washed with 1 N HCl (2X 75 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under d pressure.

The obtained clear oil was purified by UV-triggered HPLC: 1—99% ACN/water gradient with no modifier to afford 2-(difluoromethoxy)—4-isopropoxy-benzoic acid (26 mg, 21%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3) 5 8.03 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 6.72 (m, 2H), 6.51 (d, J = W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 74.5 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (dd, J = 12.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (d, J = 611-12, 6H). ESI-MS m/z calc. 2461, found 247.5 (M+l)+; ion time: 1.3 minutes. 5-(Cyclobutylmethylsulfonyl)pyridine-Z-carboxylic acid 0 O / / QB Br 08 To a 100 mL round bottom flask was added methyl 5—bromopyridine carboxylate (0.5 g, 2.3 mmol) followed by DMF (5 mL) and sodium ide (259 mg, 4.6 mmol). The reaction was heated at 65°C overnight and was found to contain the product by lcms. Bromomethylcyclobutane (260 uL, 2.3 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to stir for 30 minutes while cooling to rt . The reaction showed the thioether product by lcms. The reaction was then quenched with brine and extracted with EtOAc 3 times. The organic layers were combined and dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated. The crude reaction e was then treated with 50 mL of clorox® bleach and allowed to stir for 30 minutes. LiOH (5 mL of3M) was added and the reaction was allowed to stir for 1h. The reaction was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was discarded. The aqueous layer was acidified to pH 2 and extracted with ethyl acetate 3 times. The organic layers were combined and dried over sodium sulfate. The crude product was purified via HPLC ) ACNzHZO with a 0.1% TFA modifier. 5-(cyclobutylmethylsulfonyl)pyridinecarboxylic acid (39 mg) was isolated as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHZ, MeOD) 5 9.11 (dd, J = 2.2, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (dd, J: 8.2, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (dd, J: 8.2, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (d, J: 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.80 — 2.66 (m, 1H), 2.11 ~— 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.97 ~ 1.75 (m, 4H).

The following nd was prepared following the procedure described above: -(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)pyridinecarboxylic acid. ] 5-lsopropylsulfonylpyridinecarboxylic acid W0 12743 two/{KEN} —_.. HO N\ | O / / N02 81/ To a 250 mL round bottom flask was added methyl 5-nitropyridine-2~ carboxylate (2.37 g, 13.0 mmol) and DMF (20 mL) followed by isopropylsulfanylsodium (3.2 g, 32.5 mmol) and the reaction was heated overnight at 55 °C. The reaction was found to be complete by lcms. The reaction was removed from the oil bath and quenched with brine. Ethyl acetate was added and the reaction mixture was extracted and the aqueous layer was kept. The aqueous layer was then treated with bleach (100 mL) and the reaction was allowed to stir for 10 minutes. 1N HCl was then added until the solution was pH 1. The reaction was then extracted with EtOAc and the organic layer was further washed with brine 3 times The organic layer was then dried over sodium e and the solvent was removed. 5—lsopropylsulfonylpyridine-Z- carboxylic acid (1.53 g, 51%) was isolated as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 9.14 (s, 1H), 8.46 (s, 2H), 3.31 (dt,J=13.7,6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.36 (t, J = 19.0 Hz, 6H). EST-MS m/z calc. 229.0, found 230.2 (M+1) +; Retention time: 0.87 s (3 min run). ] 3-Cyano—4-isopropylsulfonyl-benzoic acid

[00440] Step 1: Methyl 3-cyano—4-fluor0—benzoate HOJUCN O K2003 CN M e1 To a 100 mL round bottom flask was added 3—cyanofluoro-benzoic acid (2.6 g, 15.9 mmol), potassium carbonate (6.6 g, 47.6 mmol), and DMF (30 mL) and the reaction was allowed to stir for 10 minutes. Iodomethane (1.1 mL, 17.5 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction was allowed to stir for 1h. The reaction was complete by 1cms. The reaction was quenched with brine and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine 3 times and the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and ated.

Methyl 3-cyanofluoro-benzoate (2.5 g, 62 %) was isolated as a white solid. ESI~MS m/z calc. 1790, found 1800 (M+1) +; Retention time: 1.15 minutes (3 min run).

W0 2012/112743 PCT/U520121025374 Step 2: 3-Cyan0isopropylsulfonyl-benzoic acid 0 0 CN 1) IPrSNa, DMF M60 HO CE 2) Bleach // 0081/ ] To a 100 mL round bottom flask was added methyl 3-cyano-4—fluoro— benzoate (2.5 g, 14.0 mmol) followed by DMF (20 mL). Isopropylsulfanylsodium (3.8 g, 39.7 mmol) was added and the reaction was placed in a ted 65°C oil bath and allowed to stir overnight. The reaction was quenched with brine and extracted 3 times with EtOAc. The s layer was then treated with bleach (100 mL) and the reaction was allowed to stir for 10 minutes. 1N HCl was then added until pH 1. The reaction was then extracted with EtOAc and the organic layer was fiirther washed with brine 3 times. The organic layer was then dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed. 3-Cyanoisopropylsulfonyl-benzoic acid (2.24 g) was isolated as a white solid. 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 8 8.59 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (dd, J: 8.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 1H), 1.39 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H).

Table 2 below recites the analytical data for the compounds of Table 1.

Table 2. 470.11 2.73 _i 2 468.60 2.14 I 3 514.40 1.92 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 8 8.08 - 8.00 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (ddd, J = 11.0, 8.4, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 8.2 4 508.40 5.72 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.67 - 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.30 (dd, J = 32.6, 13.1 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.31 - 1.49 (m, 7H), 1.36 - 1.25 (m, 6H), 1.23 (s, 3H). 490.20 1.92 454.50 1.88 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 8.19 (d, J 8.2 Hz, 9.0, 2.9 7 516.20 2.16 2H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J Hz, 1H), 6.92 (td, J = 8.5, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.8 HZ, 1H), 4.67 — 4.55 gm, 1H], 4.43 gs, 1H], W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/USZO12/025374 6.1 HZ, 1H), 3.61 - 3.45 (m, 1H), 22H) 2.-19 ,1H)2.05- d, J: 6.,0Hz 3H,1.22 s, 3H. 471.20 1.60 1H NMR (400 MHZ, MeOD) 8 8.03 (d. J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 8.91 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.8 490.20 Hz, .62 1H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.48 - 4.33 (m, 1H), 3.98 - 3.89 (m, 1H), 3.49 (dd, J = 9.8, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.18 - 3.09 (m, 1H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 2H), 1.94 (s, 2H), 1.82 - 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 8H). 472.20 1.93 ‘T‘1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 7.80 (d, J = 10.9 Hz, 2H), 7.59 - 7.42 (m, 1H), 7.02 (dt, J = 9.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.95 - 6.87 (m, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 8.9, 4.7 HZ, 1H), 4.60 504.20 ((11, J = 12.2, 6.4 HZ, 11 5.71 1H), 4.47 (S, 1H), 3.94 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.54 - 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.16 (ddd, J = 14.0, 8.4, .7 Hz, 2H), 2.03 — 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.88 - 1.55 (m, 3H), 1.26 t, J = 7.5 Hz,121-_1). 12 440.50 1.92 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 8.00 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.91 (td, J = 8.8, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.87 - 8.80 (m, 1H), 4.81 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (s, 1H), 3.94 13 504.20 5.90 (dt, J = 12.2, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (ddd, J = 20.4, 14.8, 10.8 Hz, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.13 (t, J = 17.4 Hz, 2H), 2.02 - 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.75 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 3H), 1.29 - 1.20 (m, 12H1. 14 417.13 2.88 485.60 1.64 16 456.60 1.65 17 547.10 2.97 H NMR (400.0 MHz, 00013) 8 7.27 — 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.12 - 7.04 (m, 4H), 6.94 — 8.92 (m, 2H), 8.81 (dd, J = 8.3, 19.2 Hz, 2H), 8.70 (dd, J = 7.8, 14.3 Hz, 2H), 18 444.10 2.83 4.42 - 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.05 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.65 - 3.54 (m, 2H), 2.00 - 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.80 (dd, J = 88,189 Hz, 1H), 1.70 - 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.24 - 1.14 (m, 2H). 19 505.10 1 2.04 410.29 2.07 452.20 2.04 ___—_.__________________l 1H NMR (400 MHZ, MeOD) 8 8.21 (d, J = 8.1 H, 1H), 8.15 (d, J = 1.3 HZ, 1H), 7.96 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.0'0)!“ 22 515.40 5.87 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (td J 8.5, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.68- 4.54 (m, 1H), 4.42 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 1H), 3.68 - 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.57 - 3.46 m, 1H 3.37 (dd, J = 23211.4 HZ, PCTfUS2012/025374 , . (m, )- 89(m, 2H)1.81 25Hz 2H) 1.33(d J= 68Hz 6H)1.28 (d,J= 6.0Hz 3H).,1.22(1J= 8.,8Hz 3H) 23 2.13 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 6 7.83 (d, J = 7.8 m 1H), 7.77 - 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.66 - 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.06 - 6.88 (m, 3H), 4.79 - 4.69 (m, 1H), 4.68 - 4.51 (m, 24 488.50 4.40 1H), 4.-34 3.59 (m, 7H), 3.54- 3.35 (m, 2H) 2.83- 2.70 (m 1H) 2.57- 2.51 (m, 1H), 2.07- 1. 71 (m, 4H),1.26(d,J=60Hz,6H),1.20(t,J=13.,16.2 Hz, 3_)_. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 8 7.31 - 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.00 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (10, J = 8.4, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (dd, J = 10.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (dt, J = 472.20 2.05 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.92 - 3.78 (m, 4H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 2.26 - 2.06 (m, 1H), 2.06 - 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.92 - 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.67 (s, 2H), 1.39 (dd, J = 11.7, 6.1 Hz, 6H), 1.26 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 4H 1.21 , (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H. 26 438.40 1.89 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CD013) 8 8.02 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (ddd, J = 11.0, 8.4, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (s, 27 522 .40 6.06 2H), 3.84 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.63 - 3.21 (m, 4H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.24 (3, 1H), 2.16 - 1.92 (m, 3H), 1.76 (d, J = 18.5 HZ, 2H), 1.54 (8, 4H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.8 HZ, 6H 1.28 , d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H 1.23 , s, 3H. 28 406.21 1.59 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 8.21 (d, J = 8.1 1?! 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.92 (1d, J = 8.5, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.88 - 4.54 (m, 1H), 4.41 29 515.40 5.83 (s, 1H), 3.93 (dq, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 1H), 3.57 - 3.33 (m, 3H), 2.19 — 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.04 - 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.81 (d, J = 22.7 Hz, 3H), 1.33 (d, J = 8.8 HZ, 6H), 1.28 (d, J = 6.0 HZ, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H). 503.20 1.85 31 442.40 1.83 32 476.20 1.79 33 476.40 5.18 34 500.30 2.07 438.40 1.88 36 396.29 1.83 ___.____________——~_l 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCI3) 8 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J = 4.7 HZ, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 13.9, 6.0 Hz, 3H), 6.75 37 439.40 1.41 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.58 - 4.38 (m, 2H), 3.80 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (d, J = 44.0 Hz, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.10 - 1.83 (m, 4H), 1.68 (s, 6H), 1.30 (t, J 12.9 Hz, 7H 1.22 , d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H 1.17 , d, J 2012/025374 —6.1 Hz, 4H. 511-70 1-43 39 414.50 1.71 40 380.40 3.10 41 498.14 2.98 42 454.80 1.92 43 483.50 1.90 1H NMR (400 MHZ, DMSO) 8 7.05 - 6.83 (m, 7H), .81 (s, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 4.59 (hept, J = 8.0 Hz, 44 454.50 2.08 1H), 4.45 - 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.53 - 3.04 (m, 8H), 1.94 - 1.78 (m, 4H), 1.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 8.14 — 8.03 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 - 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.07 - 8.90 (m, 2H), 4.71 - 4.56 (m, 2H), 4.35 - 3.18 (m, 45 43950 4‘01 5H), 2.28 — 2.15 (m, 1H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.99 — 1.65 (m, 5H), 1.29 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 8H), 1.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H), 1.15 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H). 46 442.40 1.57 47 453.50 1.23 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 7.72 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) 722 (dd J= 8.0 1.,8Hz 1H), 714 (dd J= 11.9.1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 91, 3.0 Hz1H) 6.91 (td J=8.5, 3.1 Hz, 1H) 883 (dd J: 9.0 4.8 48 480.40 1.88 Hz 1H), 480 (s, 1H), 4.37 (s, 1H), 3.93 (hept, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (d, J = 25.9 Hz. 2H), 3.30 (dt, J = 3.3, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 2.20 - 1.82 (m, 4H), 1.81 - 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.58 (d, J = 0.7 Hz, 8H), 1.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H 1.21 , (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 3H. 49 488.80 1.95 50 424.20 2.18 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 7.13 - 7.05 (m, 2H), 7.02 - 8.90 (m, 3H), 8.88 - 8.77 (m, 2H), 4.59 (hept, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.52 - 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.83 - 3.65 (m, 51 454.50 1.99 4H), 3.59 (1, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.51 - 3.04 (m, 3H), 2.97 (dd, J = 18.8, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (dd, J = 17.0, .8 Hz, 1H), 1.95 - 1.38 (m, 4H), 1.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H), 1.13 - 1.03 (m, 8H). 52 470.40 1.58 53 458.20 2.28 54 482.15 3.08 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 7.37 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J = 9.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.98 - 8.78 (m, 4H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 482 (did, J = 18.1, 12.1, 8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.40 55 508.40 7.18 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.53 - 3.22 (m, 8H), 2.10 (s, 2H), 1.92 (dd, J = 13.8, 8.9 Hz, 2H). 1.70 (d, J = 47.5 Hz, 3H), 1.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H), 1.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H 1.21 , dd, J = 8.0, 8.3 Hz, 3H).

WO 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 ‘nfln 3». 56 454 .9 57 454.50 1.80 58 517.20 1.98 504-20 198 60 452.50 2.37 61 482.15 3.53 62 468.70 1.90 63 476.30 2.09 1 64 456.15 3.13 65 406.21 1.58 66 456.15 3.12 T 67 468.12 3.12 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 7.98 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.73 — 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.1, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (td, J = 8.5, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.68 - 4.54 (m, 68 49°20 5'68 1H), 4.43 (s, 1H), 3.94 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.60 - 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.37 (dd, J = 13.7, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.21 - 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.92 (d, J = 26.3 Hz, 2H), 1.88 — 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.27 (1, J = 6.6 Hz, 9H , 1.22 t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H. 69 411.18 3.53 70 462.20 2.00 468.70 5.81 72 438.40 2.25 73 501.00 1.86 74 442.40 2.16 75 468.15 3.12 r 76 449.50 1.98 77 414.40 1.86 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00013) 8 7.94 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.09 ( J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.04 — 6.92 (m, 1H). 6.86 (td, J = 7.9, 4.9 Hz, 78 490.20 1.80 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.86 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.68 ~ 3.26 (m, 3H), 3.21 (dt, J = 13.7, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H), 2.19 — 1.93 (m, 3H), 1.91 - 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.59 (s, 2H), 1.38 - 1.17 (m, 13H). 79 480.20 2.05 80 439.50 1.91 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 6 7.94 (dd, J = 7.1, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.69 - 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.51 (dd, J = 10.8, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.05 — 6.93 (m, 2H), 8.87 (dd, J = 8.2, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.89 - 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.65 — 4.50 (m, 1H), 81 502.20 1.68 3.92 (dd. J = 11.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 3H), 3.40 (dd, J = 13.7, 9.9 Hz, 2H), 2.87 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.53 - 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.40 - 2.16 (m, J = 39.2 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (s, 1H), 1.70 (s, 1H). 1.58 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 1.38 (dd, J = 6.0, 4.1 Hz, 6H), 1.35 - 1.22 (m, WO 12743 PCT/U52012/025374 l 70 6H .

‘IH NMR (400 MHZ, MeOD) 5 8.01 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.5 HZ, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 6.96 - 6.87 (m, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 8.9, 4.8 Hz, 82 48820 1'86 1H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.44 (s, 1H), 4.00 — 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.43 (d, J = 40.8 Hz, 3H), 2.71 (s, 1H), 2.15 (s, 2H), 1.95 (s, 2H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H), 1.24 (dd, J = 10.8, 5.1 Hz, 4H), 1.08 (dd, J = 7.9, 2.4 Hz, 2H). 83 458.50 0.84 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 8.15 — 8.04 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 — 8.89 (m, 4H), 4.87 — 4.50 (m, 2H), 4.34 - 3.81 84 45570 3'05 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.87 - 3.21 (m, 3H), 2.25 - 2.12 (m, 1H), 2.04 - 1.87 (m, 5H), 1.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 6H), 1.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H), 1.15 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 3H). 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 7.87 (d, J = 18.0 Hz, 2H), 7.57 — 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.92 (1, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (dd, J = 8.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (dt, J = 18.2, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (s, 1H), 85 478.20 5.08 3.94 (81, J = 12.3, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.53 — 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 1H), 3.13 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H), 2.42 (d, J = 27.9 Hz, 3H), 2.21 - 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.94 (01, J = 13.7. 8.7 Hz, 2H), 1.77 (d, J = 38.7 Hz, 2H), 1.28 (dd, J = .9, 2.5 Hz, 3H , 1.22 dd, J = 10.4, 8.0 Hz, 3H . 86 518.10 1.83 87 471.30 1.88 88 432.50 1.92 1H NMR (400 MHz, 80813) 8 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.25 - 7.19 (m, 2H), 8.82 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (dt, J = 18.3, 89 439.40 1.41 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.54 — 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 4H), 2.04 (dd, J = 4.1, 1.7 Hz, 3H), 1.92 — 1.58 (m, 4H), 1.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 7H), 1.31 - 1.18 (mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 8 8.02 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 - 8.95 (m, 1H), 6.86 (td, J = 7.9, 4.9 Hz, 90 504'“ 1‘88 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 14.2 Hz, 2H), 3.91 — 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.87 — 3.20 (m, 4H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.32 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.18 - 1.94 (m, 3H), 1.79 (dd, J = 257,101 Hz, 2H), 1.57 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 2H), 1.31 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 8H = 5.9 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H). , 1.28 (d, J 91 440.00 1.89 92 470.40 2.01 93 498.14 3.15 94 488.50 2.08 95 482.08 2.72 96 380.50 2.17 97 485.16 2.32 2012/025374 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 8 7.94 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64 — 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.50 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.80 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.0 Hz, 99 472.20 1.76 1H), 3.91 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.50 - 3.31 (m, 2H), 2.58 (dd, J = 14.7, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (dd, J = 14.6, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 1H), 2.23 (s, 1H), 1.88 (s, 1H), 1.69 (s, 1H), 1.58 (s, 2H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.29 (dd, J = 18.1, 6.0 Hz, 6H). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 7.13 — 7.05 (m, 2H), 7.02 — 6.91 (m, 3H), 6.88 - 6.77 (m, 2H), 4.59 (hept, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.44 - 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.73 - 3.60 (m, 100 44050 1'95 1H), 3.53 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.48 - 3.36 (m, 1H), 3.38 - 3.03 (m, 3H), 2.97 (dd, J = 17.1, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (dd, J = 17.1, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 1.94 - 1.49 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 8H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). 101 505.20 1.84 102 436.17 2.77 103 518.05 2.80 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 8 7.-25 7.17 (m, 2H), 6.94(s, 1H), 6.81 (d, J: 83Hz, 1H), 4.640, J: 4.6 Hz,1H),4.,55(dtJ=12.,16.,0Hz1H),4.,38(s1H), 104 442.20 1.72 4.04 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.01 (qd, J = 14.5, 4.6 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (s, 1H), 1.70 (s, 3H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.21 . (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H). 105 503.50 1.44 106 470.33 1.61 107 439.40 1.91 108 468.60 2.01 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 7.84 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.78 - 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.67 - 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.07 - 109 474.30 3.90 6.91 (m, 3H), 4.73 - 4.51 (m, 2H), 4.27 - 3.64 (m, 5H), 3.56 — 3.37 (m, 5H), 2.84 - 2.71 (m, 1H), 2.57 - 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.13 ~ 1.68 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, J = 6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 7.84 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.78 — 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.67 - 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.07 — 6.91 110 498.00 2.00 (m, 3H), 4.73 — 4.51 (m, 2H), 4.27 - 3.64 (m, 5H), 3.56 - 3.37 (m, 5H), 2.84 — 2.71 (m, 1H), 2.57 — 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.13 — 1.68 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 HZ, SH}. 111 413.40 1.82 1H NMR (400 MHZ, MeOD) 8 7.25 - 7.11 (m, 3H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.1, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (td, J = 8.5, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.67 112 460.20 2.15 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (dd, J = 11.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 3.93 (hept, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.75 - 3.37 m, 2H 3.31 , dt, J = 3.3,1.6 Hz, 2H 2.14 , dd, J = 20121025374 13.9, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 1.95 - 1.68 (m, 4H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 6H), 1.28 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.20 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, 3H . 113 368.30 1.65 114 454.50 1.96 115 424.33 1.73 116 1 470.32 1.70 117 474.40 1.68 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00013) 8 7.62 (1, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J = 8.4, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J =11.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (1d, J = 8.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (dd, J = 10.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 118 460.40 1.88 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.84 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (d, J = 32.4 Hz, 2H), 3.28 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (s, 1H), 2.54 (d, J = 69.0 Hz, 1H), 2.23 (s, 1H), 1.98 (dd, J : 35.9, 14.3 Hz, 3H), 1.87 — 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.83 (s, 7H), 1.27 (t, J = 4.2 Hz, 4H), 1.22 (1, J = 5.9 Hz, 3H). 119 472.40 2.80 120 486.40 6.13 121 484.40 1.90 122 414.40 1.86 123 420.21 1.75 124 425.14 3.75 125 428.20 2.03 128 442.40 2.23 129 429.40 1.86 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00013) 8 7.82 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 - 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (td, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (dd, J = 10.1, 2.5 Hz, 130 46040 1‘73 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.84 (dt, J = 12.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (s, 4H), 3.31 (s, 1H), 2.24 (s, 1H), 2.01 (s, 4H), 1.89 (s, 2H), 1.65 (s, 7H), 1.81 ~ 1.34 (m, 4H), 1.27 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 4H), 1.25- 1.17 (m, 4H). 131 468.20 2.15 132 482.15 3.53 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 7.30 - 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.19 - 7.13 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.89 (td, J = 7.5, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 8.81 (dd, J = 8.2, 0.9 Hz, 133 410.29 2.07 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (dt, J = 12.1, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.15 - 2.05 (m, 3H), 1.90 (dd, J = 13.8, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (s, 3H), 1.21 d, J =6.0 Hz, 3H , 1.14 d,J=8.1 Hz, 3H. 134 414.40 1.43 458.70 1.90 138 412.40 4.49 137 420.21 1.72 139 443.40 1.98 WO 12743 PCT/U$20121025374 14 442.40 2.11 141 436.50 2.24 142 426.30 1.81 143 476.50 1.92 144 412.25 1.73 145 489.40 1.38 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 7.06 — 6.98 (m, 4H), 6.91 (id, J = 8.4, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.67 - 4.54 (m, 2H), 3.94 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 146 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.60 - 3.34 (m, 3H), 2.15 (dd, 472.70 2.08 J = 13.9, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (s, 1H), 1.93 (dd, J = 13.9, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.32 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 6H), 1.28 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H). 147 504.40 2.01 148 472.40 1.98 149 396.29 1.81 150 454.70 2.00 151 482.50 2.14 152 513.40 2.01 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00013) 8 7.96 - 7.92 (m, 2H), 7.63 — 7.56 (m, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (ddd, J = 11.0, 8.4, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.84 153 506.20 (dt, J = 12.1, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.66 - 3.26 (m, 3H), 3.21 .71 (dt, J = 13.7, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.28 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H), 2.16 - 1.94 (m, 3H), 1.88 - 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.51 (d, J = .1 Hz, 2H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.23 (s, 3H). 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCI3) 5 7.62 (t, J 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 - 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 8.0, 1 .4 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (td, J = 8.4, 2.5 154 460.20 1.73 1H), 6.57 (dd, J = 10.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (s. 2H), 3.84 (dt, J = 12.3, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (d, J = 28.8 Hz, 2H), 3.28 (s, 1H), 2.24 (s, 1H), 2.03 (d, J = 19.5 Hz, 4H), 1.65 (s, 8H), 1.55 (s, 2H), 1.27 (d, J = 6.0 HZ, 4H), 1.22 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H). 155 500.40 1.86 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 5 8.07 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (td, J = 8.6, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.69 - 4.52 (m, 1H), 4.40 (s, 1H), 156 476.40 5.36 3.94 (dt, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (dd, J = 9.6, 7.9 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.15 (dd, J = 13.6, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.04 - 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.89 - 1.62 (m, 3H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.25 — 1.18 (m, 3H . 157 450.30 2.03 158 466.30 2.02 159 471.33 1.87 468.60 5.85 1H NMR (400 MHZ, MeOD) 5 7.73 161 474.20 (d. J = 8.4 Hz, 1.77 2H), 7.68 - 7.62 m, 2H , 7.02 dd, J = 9.1, 2.9 HZ, WO 12743 PCT/USZO12/025374 , . , 8.5, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6. (dd, J = 9.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.42 (s, 1H), 3.94 (hept, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (dq, J = 13.5, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.14 (s, 1H), 1.90 (d, J = 33.6 Hz, 2H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.33 - 1.26 m, 6H), 1.22 (s, 3H), 1.09 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H). 162 396.50 1.91 163 468.60 1.98 164 467.50 2.06 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 7.12 - 7.06 (m, 2H), 7.01 — 6.91 (m, 3H), 6.67 - 6.78 (m, 2H), 4.59 (hept, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47 - 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 165 426.50 1.82 3.44 (1, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.38 - 3.05 (m, 3H), 2.98 (dd, J = 17.1, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (dd, J = 17.2, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 1.96 - 1.48 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H). 166 454.60 1.88 167 449.40 2.11 168 440.50 1.86 169 438.40 2.16 170 412.28 1.73 171 454.50 1.96 173 499.50 1.63 174 456.60 1.57 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) 8 9.03 (t, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (dd, J = 8.2, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (1d, J = 8.5, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.61 175 491.20 1.83 (dt, J = 12.5, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.50 - 4.36 (m, 1H), 4.00 - 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 3.49 - 3.41 (m, 1H), 3.41 ~ 3.34 (m, 1H), 2.16 (dd, J = 8.9, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 2.03 - 1.76 (m, 5H), 1.29 (dd, J = 9.8, 4.1 Hz, 9H), 1.25 - 1.18 (m, 3H). 176 498.14 3.25 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 8 7.10 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (ddd, J = 10.1, 6.9, 1.9 Hz, 3H), 6.90 — 6.82 (m, 2H), 4.56 (dt, J = 6.2, 5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.91 — 177 472.20 1.98 3.81 (m, 4H), 3.45 (s, 2H), 2.13 (d, J = 25.3 Hz, 1H), 2.09 - 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s, 1H), 1.68 (s, 2H), 1.56 L (s, 5H), 1.38 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 6H), 1.28 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H). 178 442.40 1.62 2012/025374 ASSAYS FOR DETECTING AND [MEASURING NaI/INHIBITIONPROPERTIES OF COMPOUND E-VIPR optical membrane ial assay method with ical stimulation Sodium channels are voltage-dependent proteins that can be activated by inducing membrane voltage changes by applying electric fields. The electrical stimulation instrument and methods ofuse are described in Ion l Assay s PCT/U801/21652, herein incorporated by reference and are referred to as E-VIPR. The instrument comprises a microtiter plate handler, an optical system for exciting the coumarin dye while simultaneously recording the coumarin and oxonol emissions, a waveform generator, a current— or voltage- controlled amplifier, and a device for ing electrodes in well. Under integrated computer control, this instrument passes user-programmed electrical stimulus protocols to cells within the wells of the microtiter plate. 24 hours before the assay on E-VIPR, HEK cells expressing human NaV e, like NaV 1.7, are seeded in 384-well poly—lysine coated plates at 15,000-20,000 cells per well. Other subtypes are performed in an analogous mode in a cell line expressing the NaV of interest. HEK cells are grown in media (exact ition is specific to each cell type and NaV subtype) supplemented with 10% FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum, qualified; GibcoBRL #16140- 071) and 1% Pen-Strep (Penicillin-Streptomycin; GibcoBRL #15140—122). Cells are grown in vented cap flasks, in 90% humidity and 10% C02, to 100% confluence. They are y split by trypsinization 1:10 or 1:20, ing on scheduling needs, and grown for 2-3 days before the next split.

Reagents and Soluliorzs: 100 mg/mL Pluronic F-127 (Sigma #P2443), in dry DMSO Compound Plates: 384-well round bottom plate, cg. Corning 384-well Polypropylene Round Bottom #3656 Cell Plates: 384-well tissue culture treated plate, cg. Greiner #781091- 10 mM DiSBAC6(3) (Aurora #00010) in dry DMSO WO 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 10 mM CC2—DMPE (Aurora #00—100-008) in dry DMSO 200 mM ABSCl in H20 Bathl buffer. Glucose lOmM (1.8g/L), Magnesium Chloride (Anhydrous), lmM (0.095g/L), Calcium Chloride, 2mM (0.222g/L), HEPES lOmM (2.38g/L), Potassium Chloride, 4.5mM (0.335g/L), Sodium de 160mM (9.35g/L).

Hexyl Dye Solution: Bathl Buffer + 0.5% B—cyclodextrin (make this prior to use, Sigma #C4767), 8 uM CC2-DMPE + 2.5 uM DiSBAC6(3). To make the solution Add volume of 10% Pluronic F127 stock equal to volumes ofCC2-DMPE + DiSBAC6(3). The order of preparation is first mix ic and PE, then add DiSBAC6(3) while lO vortexing, then add Bathl + B-Cyclodextrin.

ASSQl/j Protocol: 1) Pre—spot compounds (in neat DMSO) into compound plates. Vehicle control (neat DMSO), the positive control (20mM DMSO stock tetracaine, 125 uM final in assay) and test compounds are added to each well at 160x desired final tration in neat l5 DMSO. Final compound plate volume will be 80 uL (80—fold intermediate on from 1 uL DMSO spot; 160-fold final dilution after transfer to cell . Final DMSO concentration for all wells in assay is . 2) Prepare Hexyl Dye Solution. 3) Prepare cell plates. On the day of the assay, medium is aspirated and cells are washed three times with 100 uL of Bathl Solution, maintaining 25 pL residual volume in each well. 4) Dispense 25 uL per well of Hexyl Dye Solution into cell plates.

Incubate for 20-35 minutes at room temp or ambient conditions. 5) Dispense 80 uL per well of Bathl into compound plates. Acid Yellow-l7 (1 mM) is added and Potassium Chloride can be altered from 4.5 to 20 mM depending on the NaV subtype and assay sensitivity.

W0 2012/112743 2012/025374 6) Wash cell plates three times with 100 uL per well of Bathl, leaving [.LL of al volume. Then er ZSuL per well from Compound Plates to Cell Plates.

Incubate for 20-35 minutes at room temp/ambient condition 7) Read Plate on E-VIPR, Use the current-controlled amplifier to deliver stimulation wave pulses for lly 9 seconds and a scan rate of400Hz. A pre—stimulus recording is performed for 0.53econds to obtain the un-stimulated intensities baseline. The atory waveform is applied for 9 seconds followed by 0.5 seconds of post—stimulation recording to examine the relaxation to the g state. The stimulatory rm of the electrical stimulation is specific for each cell type and can vary the magnitude, duration and frequency of the applied current to provide'an optimal assay signal.

Data Analysis Data are analyzed and reported as normalized ratios ofbackgroundsubtracted emission intensities measured in the 460 nm and 580 nm channels. Background intensities are then subtracted from each assay channel. Background intensities are obtained by measuring the emission intensities during the same time periods from identically treated assay wells in which there are no cells. The response as a function of time is then reported as the ratios obtained using the following formula: (intensity 460nm - background 460 Im) R(t) = --------------------------------------------- (intensity 580nm - background 530 am) The data is further d by calculating the initial (R5) and final (Rf) ratios. These are the average ratio values during part or all of the pre-stimulation period, and during sample points during the stimulation period. The response to the stimulus R: Ri/Ri is then calculated and reported as a function of time.

[00464] Control responses are obtained by performing assays in the presence of a compound with the desired properties (positive control), such as tetracaine, and in the absence of pharmacological agents ive l), Responses to the negative (N) and ve (P) controls are calculated as above. The compound antagonist activity A is defined as: W0 2012/112743 A—R—_1:*1OO.

N — P where R is the ratio response of the test compound ELECTROPHYSIOLOGYASSAYSFOR NaVACTIVITYAND INHIBITIONOF TEST COMPOUNDS ] Patch clamp electrophysiology was used to assess the efiicacy and selectivity of sodium channel blockers in dorsal root on neurons. Rat neurons were isolated from the dorsal root ganglions and maintained in culture for 2 to 10 days in the presence ofNGF (50 ng/ml) (culture media consisted of NeurobasalA supplemented with B27, glutamine and antibiotics). Small diameter neurons (nociceptors, 8—12 um in diameter) have been ly identified and probed with fine tip glass electrodes connected to an er (Axon Instruments). The “voltage clamp” mode has been used to assess the compound’s ICSO holding the cells at — 60 mV. In addition, the “current clamp” mode has been employed to test the efiicacy of the compounds in ng action potential generation in se to current ions. The results of these experiments have contributed to the definition of the efficacy profile of the compounds.

IonWorks assays.

Sodium currents were recorded using the ted patch clamp system, IonWorks ular Devices Corporation, Inc). Cells expressing Nav subtypes are harvested from tissue culture and placed in suspension at 0.5—4 million cells per mL Bathl. The IonWorks instrument measures changes in sodium currents in response to applied voltage clamp similarly to the traditional patch clamp assay, except in a 384-wel1 format. Using the IonWorks, esponse relationships were determined in voltage clamp mode by depolarizing the cell from the experiment c holding potential to a test potential of about 0 mV before and following addition of the test compound. The influence of the compound on currents are measured at the test potential. l-Benzazepin-Z—one binding assay The sodium channel inhibiting properties of the nds of the invention can also be determined by assay methods described in Williams, B. S. et al, “Characterization of a New Class of Potent Inhibitors of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel W0 2012/1 12743 PCT/U82012/025374 l 79 NaV 1.7,” Biochemistry, 2007, 46, 14693-14703, the entire contents ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

The exemplified compounds of Table 1 herein are active t one or more sodium channels as measured using the assays described herein above as presented in Table 3.

Table 3.

WO 12743 PCT/U520121'025374 2 +++ 3 +++ 4 ++ +++ 6 +++ 7 +++ g + 9 +++ r———16_“ +++ 11 _L_ +++ 12 +++ 13 +++ 14 +++ L_ ~—‘ + 16 +++ 17 +++ “——26—_—]_ +++ 21 +++ 22 +++ 23 +++ 24 +++ +++ 26 +++ 27 +++ 28 ++ 29 +++ ++ 31 +++ 32 ++ 33 +++ 34 +++ W0 12743 118 +++ 80 +++ 1 19 +++ 120 +++ 31 +++ 121 + 82 +++ 122 +++ 83 +++ 123 ++ 34 +++ 124 + 125 +++ 85 ++ 126 +++ 86 + 127 +++ 87 +++ 128 +++ 88 +++ 129 ++ 89 ++ 130 ++ 131 +++ 90 +++ 132 +++ 91 +++ 133 +++ 92 +++ 134 +++ 93 +++ 135 +++ 136 +++ 94 +++ 96 +++ 139 +++ 97 + 140 +++ 98 +++ 141 +++ 142 +++ 99 +++ 143 +++ 100 +++ 144 +++ 101 + 145 +++ 102 + 146 +++ 147 +++ 103 + 148 +++ 104 +++ 149 +++ 105 +++ 150 +++ 106 +++ 151 +++ 107 +++ 152 +++ 109 + 155 +++ 110 +++ 156 +++ 111 + 157 +++ 158 +++ 112 +++ 159 +++ 114 +++ 161 +++ 115 ++ 162 ++ 116 H 164 +++ 117 +++ 165 +++ W0 2012/112743 PCT/U82012/025374 166 +++ 167 +++ 168 +++ 169 +++ 170 +++ 171 +++ 172 +++ 173 +++ Many modifications and variations of the embodiments bed herein may be made without departing from the scope, as is apparent to those skilled in the art. The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only.

Claims (37)

We claim:

1. A compound of formula I: 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, independently for each occurrence: W is N or CR1, or 1 W is a bond and the remaining W are N, NR1, or CR1, wherein up to 2 W are N or NR1; a dashed circle denotes aromaticity or heteroaromaticity; 10 R1 is H, a fully saturated C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, SO2R7, SR7, SOR7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, )2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, a fully saturated straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, n the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl are ally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, cyano, 15 oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl, and wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, or CF2; R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OR7a, , R7, SO2R7, SR7, SOR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, 20 CH2OCHF2, CH2OCH2CHF2, aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, y, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl, and wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be ed with O, CO, S, SO, SO2 or NR7, with the proviso that R2 is not 5 OH; R3 is C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl, wherein up to two CH2 units may be replaced by O, NR 8, S, SO, SO 3 taken together form a C3-C8 cycloalkyl 2, or 2 occurrences of R group; R7 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkyl; 10 R7a is C1-C6 alkyl or fluoroalkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkyl, R8 is H, CF3, CO2R7, OH, aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, N(R7)2, NR 7COR 7, ) 7 2, CN, or SO2R , wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl; 15 A is aryl or heteroaryl wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally tuted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl; X is O, S, or SO; n is an integer from 1 to 4 inclusive; and o is an integer from 0 to 4 inclusive; 20 wherein, unless ied otherwise, the alkyl, kyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl and alkoxy groups include a completely saturated carbon chain or an aliphatic carbon chain containing one or more units of ration.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein all W’s are CH.

3. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein X is O. 25

4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, OR 7a, N(R7) 8, or a cyclic 2, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, a ht chain or branched (C1-C8)-R (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to two CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, SO2 or NR7.

5. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein R2 is OCH3, OCH2CH=CH2, CH2OCH(CH3)2, CH2OCHF2, CH2OCH3, OCH2CH3, OH, CH3, CH(CH3)2, 3)2, CH2OCH2CH3, CH(CH3)OCH3, CH2SCH3, , N , O , OH O O O , OCH2CH2SO2CH3, NHCH(CH3)2, OtBu, , , O O O , O O , OCH 2CH2N(C2H5)2, OCH2Ph, , N , O CN N , or O N .

6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein A is R4 R6 10 wherein: R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, OR7, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, SO2R7, SOR7, SR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CHF2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, R8, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, n up to three 15 CH2 units of the ht chain, ed or cyclic group may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, SO2, or NR7; R5 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, halo, CN, OH, OR7, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, SO2R7, SOR7, SR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, R8, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, 20 aryl, heteroaryl, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to three CH2 units of the ht chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, SO2, or NR7; R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, OR7, N(R7)2, NR 7SO 7, SO 7, SOR7, SR7, CO 7, NR7COR 7, NR 7CO 7, CON(R7) 7) 2R 2R 2R 2R 2, SO2N(R 2, 5 CF 8, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, a 3, OCF3, OCHF2, R straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to three CH 2 units of the ht chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, SO2, or NR7, wherein R7 and R8 are as defined in claim 1; or two occurrences of R4 and R5, or R5 and R6 together with the carbons to which they are 10 attached form a ring sing up to 2 heteroatoms, n the ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents of halo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl.

7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CHF2, CF3, OCHF2, OCF3, R8, a ht chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3- 15 C8)-R8, wherein up to three CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, SO2, or NR7.

8. The compound of claim 6, wherein R4 is H, OCH3, OCHF2, OCF3, F, CH3, or CH 2OCH 3.

9. The compound of any one of claims 6-8, wherein R5 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, 20 CN, R8, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic )-R8, wherein up to three CH 2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, CO, S, SO, SO 7. 2, or NR

10. The compound of any one of claims 6-8, wherein R 5 is H, F, CH 3, OCH3, CH2OH, OH, CH2NH 2, CH2NHCH 3, CH2N(CH 3)2, or CN. 25

11. The compound of any one of claims 6-10, wherein R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, SO2R7, SO2N(R 7) 8, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic )- 2, R R8, wherein up to three CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, SO2, or NR7.

12. The compound of any one of claims 6-10, wherein R6 is H, OCH3, OH, OCH(CH3)2, OH O O O O , C(CH3)2OH, , , , OCH2CH2OH, OCH2CH2CH2OH, O O S S SO2CH3, SO2CH2CH3, SO2CF3, SO2CH(CH3)2, SO2tBu, O , O , HO , O O S S S SO2NHCH(CH3)2, tBu, OCHF2, CH2CH3, OCH2CH3, O , , , H O 5 O , or OH. R4 R6

13. The compound of claim 6, wherein R5 is selected from: O S O O O OH F F O H N O O F F F O H O H O O O O O O O S S CF3 O O O O OH O HO OH O F O F O O O S F F O O S OH O O F S NH O O O S O O NH2 S O OH O O O F F N OH S H O O O OH O N S O O S CN O O O or OH O

14. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, n A is selected from: N N F S O N N O N F N N NH S O N N S N NH O O N N N NH S NH O N N N N N N O O N N N N N N N O N N S S O O N N N NH N N O O N N N NH N NH N H H N N O

15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has a IA: W W R2 W N R4 R4 R6 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, independently for each occurrence: R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, OR7, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, SO2R7, SOR7, SR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, R8, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl a 10 straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to three CH2 units of the straight chain, ed or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, SO2, or NR7; R5 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, halo, CN, OH, OR7, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, SO2R7, SOR7, SR7, CO2R7, NR7COR7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein 5 up to three CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, SO2, or NR7; R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, OR7, N(R7)2, NR7SO2R7, SO2R7, SOR7, SR7, CO2R7, 7, NR7CO2R7, CON(R7)2, SO2N(R7)2, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, a straight 10 chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to three CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, SO2, or NR7; wherein R7 and R8 are as defined in claim 1; or two ences of R4 and R5, or R5 and R6 er with the carbons to which they are 15 attached form a ring comprising up to 2 heteroatoms, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected fromhalo, cyano, oxoalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl; and n is 1 or 2.

16. The compound of claim 15, wherein R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, , aryl, a 20 ht chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to two CH2 units of the ht chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO,SO2 or NR7.

17. The compound of claim 15, wherein R2 is OCH3, CH2OCH3, OCH2CH3, OCH2CH=CH2, CH3, CH(CH3)2, OCH(CH3)2, CH2OCH(CH3)2, CH2OCHF2, CH2OCH2CH3, CH(CH3)OCH3, O , OH , CH O 2SCH3, OCH2CH2SO2CH3, NHCH(CH3)2, OtBu, O O 25 , , O O , O O , OCH 2CH2N(C2H5)2, OCH2Ph, O O O CN O N, , N , , N , N , or O N.

18. The compound of any one of claims 15-17, wherein R4 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 , halo, CN, OH, OR7, CHF2, CF3, OCHF2, OCF3, R8, a straight chain or branched (C1- C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to three CH2 units may be replaced with O, S, SO, SO2, or NR7. 5

19. The compound of any one of claims 15-17, wherein R4 is H, OCH3, OCHF2, OCF3, F, CH3, or CH3.

20. The compound of any one of claims 15-19, wherein R5 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 , CN, or a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, wherein up to three CH2 units of the straight chain, branched or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, 10 SO2, or NR7.

21. The compound of any one of claims 15-19, wherein R5 is H, CH3, OCH3, CH2OH, F, OH, CH2NH2, CH2NHCH3, CH2N(CH3)2, or CN.

22. The compound of any one of claims 15-21, n R6 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, SO2R7, SO2N(R7)2, a straight chain or branched (C1-C8)-R8, or a cyclic (C3-C8)-R8, 15 wherein up to three CH2 units of the straight chain, ed or cyclic group may be replaced with O, S, SO, SO2, or NR7.

23. The compound of any one of claims 15-21, wherein R6 is H, OH, OCH3, 3)2, OCH2CH2OH, OCH2CH2CH2OH, , SO2CH3, SO2CH2CH3, SO2CF3, SO2CH(CH3)2, O O O SO2tBu, SO2CHF2, tBu, HO , O , , , OCHF2, CH2CH3, O O H O S S S S 20 OCH2CH3, O , , , O , or OH. R4 R6

24. The compound of claim 15, wherein R5 is selected from: O O O O OCF3 CN O F OH O O OH OH OH O O O S S O O O O S S OH O F O O O O O S S S CN O O O HO O O O O S S S S O O O O F F F F O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O F F F F F F F F O O O S F S F S F S F O O F O F F F F F O O

25. A compound is ed from the following table: 195195 198198 199199 200200 201201 204204 206206

26. A ceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-25 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

27. A method of inhibiting a voltage-gated sodium ion l in a biological sample comprising ting the biological sample with a compound of any one of claims 1-25. 5

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the voltage-gated sodium ion channel is NaV 1.7.

29. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1-25 in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting a voltage-gated sodium ion channel.

30. The use of claim 29, wherein the voltage-gated sodium ion channel is NaV 1.7.

31. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1-25 in the manufacture of a medicament for 10 treating or lessening the severity of the pain in a subject afflicted with acute, chronic, neuropathic, or inflammatory pain, arthritis, migraine, cluster headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, herpatic neuralgia, general neuralgias, epilepsy or epilepsy conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, atric disorders, anxiety, depression, dipolar disorder, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, neuroendocrine disorders, , multiple sis, irritable bowel 15 syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, rthritis pain, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head or neck pain, severe or intractable pain, nociceptive pain, hrough pain, postsurgical pain, cancer pain, stroke, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stress- or exercise induced , palpitations, hypertension, migraine, or abormal gastro-intestinal motility. 20

32. The use according to claim 31, wherein said method is used for treating or lessening the severity of the pain in a subject afflicted with femur cancer pain; non-malignant chronic bone pain; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; spinal is; neuropathic low back pain; neuropathic low back pain; myofascial pain syndrome; fibromyalgia; temporomandibular joint pain; chronic visceral pain, abdominal pain; pancreatic; IBS pain; chronic and acute headache 25 pain; migraine; tension headache, cluster headaches; chronic and acute neuropathic pain, postherpatic neuralgia; diabetic athy; HIV-associated neuropathy; trigeminal neuralgia; t-Marie Tooth neuropathy; tary sensory neuropathies; peripheral nerve injury; painful as; ectopic proximal and distal discharges; radiculopathy; herapy induced neuropathic pain; radiotherapy-induced neuropathic pain; post-mastectomy pain; 30 central pain; spinal cord injury pain; troke pain; thalamic pain; complex regional pain syndrome; phantom pain; intractable pain; acute pain, acute post-operative pain; acute musculoskeletal pain; joint pain; mechanical low back pain; neck pain; tendonitis; injury/exercise pain; acute visceral pain, nal pain; pyelonephritis; appendicitis; cholecystitis; intestinal obstruction; hernias; chest pain, cardiac pain; pelvic pain, renal colic 5 pain, acute obstetric pain, labor pain; cesarean section pain; acute inflammatory, burn and trauma pain; acute intermittent pain, endometriosis; acute herpes zoster pain; sickle cell anemia; acute pancreatitis; breakthrough pain; orofacial pain, sinusitis pain, dental pain; multiple sclerosis (MS) pain; pain in depression; leprosy pain; Behcet's disease pain; is dolorosa; phlebitic pain; Guillain-Barre pain; painful legs and moving toes; Haglund 10 syndrome; erythromelalgia pain; Fabry's disease pain; bladder and urogenital disease, urinary incontinence; hyperactivity bladder; painful bladder me; interstitial cyctitis (IC); prostatitis; complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), type I and type II; widespread pain, paroxysmal extreme pain, pruritis, tinnitis, or angina-induced pain.

33. The compound of claim 1, ntially as herein described with nce to any one 15 of the Examples thereof.

34. The ceutical composition of claim 26, wherein the compound is substantially as herein bed with reference to any one of the Examples thereof.

35. The method of claim 27, substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the Examples thereof. 20

36. The use of claim 29, substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the Examples thereof.

37. The use of claim 31, ntially as herein bed with reference to any one of the Examples thereof.