NZ603341B - Control vehicle for a road toll system - Google Patents
Control vehicle for a road toll system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ603341B NZ603341B NZ603341A NZ60334112A NZ603341B NZ 603341 B NZ603341 B NZ 603341B NZ 603341 A NZ603341 A NZ 603341A NZ 60334112 A NZ60334112 A NZ 60334112A NZ 603341 B NZ603341 B NZ 603341B
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- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- control vehicle
- vehicle according
- control
- antenna
- antenna systems
- Prior art date
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- 102100004612 PIGP Human genes 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 108060006224 PIGP Proteins 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000001360 synchronised Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052454 barium strontium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 72
- 235000002912 Salvia officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000002020 sage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001296 salvia officinalis l. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000220300 Eupsilia transversa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002618 waking Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
Abstract
Patent 603341 Disclosed is a control vehicle (9) for road toll (3) systems on the basis of vehicle-mounted on-board units which can be polled via DSRC radio communications (8), with the control vehicle (9). The vehicle includes at least one DRSC transceiver with at least two antenna systems (13, 14). The antenna systems (13, 14) are distributed with a distance over the longitudinal direction of the control vehicle (9) and have omnidirectional characteristics (16, 17) or partially overlapping directional characteristics, in order to set up an uninterrupted radio communication for polling one and the same passing on-board unit. 14). The antenna systems (13, 14) are distributed with a distance over the longitudinal direction of the control vehicle (9) and have omnidirectional characteristics (16, 17) or partially overlapping directional characteristics, in order to set up an uninterrupted radio communication for polling one and the same passing on-board unit.
Description
Patents Form 5
N.Z. No. 603341
NEW ZEALAND
Patents Act 1953
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
CONTROL VEHICLE FOR A ROAD TOLL SYSTEM
We, KAPSCH TRAFFICCOM AG, an Austrian company of Am Europlatz 2, A-1120 Wien, Austria, do
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:-
1(followed by 1A)
Control Vehicle for a Road Toll System
The present invention relates to a control vehicle for a road toll system on the basis of vehi-
cle-mounted onboard units which can be polled via short-range or DSRC (Dedicated Short
Range Communications) radio communications.
A control vehicle is known from US 2006/0044161 Al. The known control vehicle has several
antennas which are arranged on the vehicle in different directions and can be selected via an
antenna switch, in order to selectively access on-board units located in a specific range around
the control vehicle via an antenna directed to this range.
DE 10 2008 016 311 Al discloses how to set an antenna characteristic or an antenna array for
a C2C or C2X communication depending on information sources in the vehicle, e.g. a digital
road map, a measured value, an environmental sensor or an external signal.
In road toll systems of the above-mentioned type, on-board units (OBUs) installed in vehi-
cles are used to charge vehicles for passing toll roads, for example in the form of road, zone or
time tolls. For this purpose, the OBUs may be localized either by means of geographically
distributed radio beacons, e.g. infrared, RFID, DSRC, video or mobile network beacons (base
stations), the narrow communication range of which uses short-range communications to lo-
calize OBUs, or by means of satellite navigation receivers in the single OBUs which can in
addition be contacted via DSRC, e.g. for control purposes.
In order to control the proper function of the OBUs installed in the vehicles during operation,
control vehicles which poll the OBUs of vehicles passing in moving traffic via the DSRC
radio interface are frequently used. So far, such control vehicles have mostly been used only
on highways which are characterized by one-way traffic. A new approach now provides for
the control of vehicles also on lower-level roads and in two-way traffic sections. This in-
volves the problem that, when polling OBUs of the oncoming traffic, the time available for a
polling process may be too short at high speeds due to the speeds adding up and the limited
radio range of the DSRC radio interface. The invention identifies this problem and aims at
providing a solution to this end.
This aim is achieved by using a control vehicle for a road toll system based on vehicle-
mounted on-board units which can be polled via DSRC radio communications, the control
vehicle comprising at least one DRSC transceiver and at least two antenna systems, the an-
tenna systems being distributed at a distance from one another over the longitudinal direction
of the control vehicle and having omnidirectional characteristics or partially overlapping di-
rectional characteristics, in order to set up an uninterrupted radio communication for polling
one and the same passing on-board unit.
The invention utilizes the longitudinal side of the control vehicle in the direction of travel to
extend the radio coverage range, which serves to extend the time available for polling a passing
OBU, so that vehicles with a high relative speed to the control vehicle, in particular also vehi-
cles of the oncoming traffic, can be controlled as well.
According to a first version of the invention, a single DRSC transceiver operates all antenna
systems via a sequentially controlled antenna switch, which reduces costs of transceivers, but
requires a separate antenna switch. According to an alternative version of the invention, the
antenna systems may be operated by own DRSC transceivers synchronized for a sequential
handover of the DSRC radio communication. This version requires more transceivers, which,
however, may have a uniform design and only need to be synchronized with one another via a
data link.
The antenna systems preferably have a directional characteristic, particularly preferably at an
angle forward-and-sideward from the control vehicle, which is especially suitable for the con-
trol of vehicles passing laterally and vehicles of the oncoming traffic.
Further, it is advantageous if the directional characteristics of the antenna systems par-
tially overlap, thereby achieving an uninterrupted communication between the single
antenna systems during the switchover or handover.
It is particularly advantageous, if the antenna system mounted ahead in the direction of
travel has a more straightened directional characteristic than the antenna system mounted
aback in the direction of travel. As the antenna gain of an antenna increases with more direc-
tivity, this gain can be used to increase the radio coverage range of the control vehicle in
the forward direction, while laterally, where a lower range is sufficient for the passing
OBU, a higher beam angle and thus a longer passage area can be achieved.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the directional characteristics of at least one
antenna system used for a DSRC radio communication may be also controlled depending on infor-
mation received during this DSRC radio communication. The information may for example indicate
a specific type or class of the vehicle carrying the on-board unit, e.g. whether it is a passenger car or a
truck, or the number of axes of the vehicle, inferring e.g. the length or height of the vehicle and the
location of its on-board unit: With trucks or buses, the on-board units are usually located at different
higher altitudes above the road than with passenger cars, so that the antenna characteristic can be
adjusted accordingly. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna system mounted ahead in the di-
rection of travel receives the said information to control the directional characteristic of at least
one of the antenna systems mounted aback in the direction of travel, so that the antennas e.g. point
more downward in the case of passenger cars, more upward in the case of trucks, or more sideward
in the case of buses.
As an alternative or in addition, the control vehicle further may be equipped with at least one device
for measuring and/or classifying a passing vehicle which is preferably arranged between at least two
of the antenna systems. Such a measuring or classifying device then may also be used to control the
directional characteristic of at least one antenna system depending on a dimension
thereby determined or on a class of the vehicle thereby determined, which has the ad-
vantages mentioned above.
According to a further preferred feature of the invention, the antenna system mounted ahead
in the direction of travel may emit a wake up message to the passing on-board unit, as is suit-
able for contacting OBUs which are set to a power saving mode (sleep mode) between the
radio communications. Such OBUs require a certain time span for “waking up” into the oper-
ating mode, which can be triggered earlier by the antenna system ahead. The wake up mes-
sage preferably is a BST message according to the CEN-DSRC standard or a WSA message
according to the WAVE or ITS-G5 standard.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the control vehicle may also be designed to write a
control information into the on-board unit at the end of the polling. The control information
may e.g. contain the time and place of the control or just be a “control flag” indicating the fact
of a successful control and for example advising to a next stationary or mobile control station
that a further control is not required. The control information is preferably furnished with a
timestamp indicating its period of validity. It is particularly advantageous, if the control
information meets the “Compliance Check Communication” (CCC) standard ISO/TS
12813:2009 (Electronic fee collection – Compliance check communication for autonomous
systems).
The invention is described in further details below by means of exemplary embodiments rep-
resented in the attached drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic and partial depiction of a road toll system within the framework of
which the control vehicle of the invention is used;
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show two different embodiments of the control vehicle of the invention with
different directional characteristics of the antenna systems in schematic top views; and
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show different embodiments of the control vehicles of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 in
block diagrams.
Fig. 1 shows a partial depiction of a road toll system 1 which comprises a variety of geo-
graphically distributed radio beacons 2, which for example are installed along toll roads 3 in
mutual distances. The radio beacons 2 are connected to a control center 5 of the road toll sys-
tem via data links 4. The road toll system 1, in particular its radio beacons, charges vehicles 6
for passing toll roads, e.g. toll roads 3.
For this purpose, every vehicle 6 is equipped with an on-board unit (OBU) 7, which, when
passing a radio beacon 2, establishes a short distance radio communication 8 (dedicated short
range communication, DSRC) to this radio beacon, for example carrying out a toll transaction,
which is reported to the control center 5 via the data link 4 and/or is stored in the OBU 6.
The radio beacons 2, the OBUs 7 and all their internal DSRC transceivers for handling the
DSRC radio communications 8 may be designed according to all known DSRC standards, in
particular CEN-DSRC, ITS-G5 or WAVE (wireless access in a vehicle environment). Every
DSRC radio communication 8 carried out when a radio beacon 2 is passed may for example
debit a specific user fee from a credit account in the control center 5 and/or the OBU 7, thus
constituting a “debit transaction”; however, the DSRC radio communications 8 may also con-
stitute identification, maintenance, software updating or similar transactions of the road toll
system 1.
In particular, the DSRC radio communications 8 may also be used for polling data stored in the
OBUs 7, such as master data, identification data, transaction data, log data, etc. Such polls 8
may not only be carried out from the stationary radio beacons 2, but also from “mobile” radio
beacons 2 in the form of control vehicles 9, which are passing along together with the vehicles
6 of the traffic in the road toll system 1.
Further, polls of OBUs 7 via DSRC radio communications 8 may also be carried out in satel-
lite navigation-based (global navigation satellite system, GNSS) road toll systems 1, in which
the OBUs 7 are autonomously localized not by a network of terrestrial radio beacons 2, but by
means of a GNSS receiver, and transmit their location or resulting toll transactions to the con-
trol center 5, e.g. via the radio beacon network or a separate mobile network: Here, too, the
OBUs 7 may be equipped with DRSC transceivers for polls by radio beacons 2 or control
vehicles 9. It is particularly advantageous, if the data polled of GNSS-based OBUs 7 meet
the “Compliance Check Communication” (CCC) standards ISO/TS 12813:2009 (Electronic
fee collection – Compliance check communication for autonomous systems). Thus, the con-
trol vehicle 9 described in the following is suitable for interacting both with beacon-based and
satellite-based road toll systems 1.
Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of such a control vehicle 9 moving on a lane 10 of the toll
road 3 at a speed v2 and controlling the OBU 7 of a vehicle 6 passing at the opposite speed v1
on the opposite lane 11 of the toll road 3. The relative speed between the control vehicle 9 and
the controlled vehicle 6 thus is v1+v2, which in particular can be up to 300 km/h and more on
expressways, highways, etc.
The control vehicle 9 has (at least) one DRSC transceiver, which – similar to a radio beacon 2
– can poll the passing OBU 7 by means of a DSRC radio communication 8. The DRSC trans-
ceiver 12 is equipped with (at least) two antenna systems 13, 14, which are distributed in a
mutual distance a in the longitudinal direction 15 of the control vehicle 9 on the vehicle.
In order to utilize the longitudinal side of the control vehicle 9 to the fullest possible, the an-
tenna systems 13, 14 are preferably arranged at the front and rear end of the control vehicle 9
and – with right-hand traffic – at the left side of the vehicle (or with left-hand traffic at the
right side of the vehicle) to provide for an especially good coverage of overtaking vehicles 6
or vehicles 6 of the oncoming traffic.
The antenna systems 13, 14 each may have a omnidirectional characteristic or, as shown, a
directional characteristic 16, 17, which is specifically aligned to such overtaking vehicles 6
and vehicles 6 of the oncoming traffic: The directional characteristics 16, 17 are preferably
directed at an angle forward-and-sideward and may have the same beam angle α (Fig. 2) or
different beam angles α, β, γ (Fig. 3). As shown, the directional characteristics 16, 17 par-
tially overlap in their border areas, thereby establishing a continuous radio coverage and un-
interrupted radio communications 8 with passing OBUs 7.
As shown in Fig. 4, the antenna systems 13, 14 may be operated in an antenna diversity proc-
ess and e.g. all carry the same signal of one and the same DRSC transceiver 12. In the version
of Fig. 4, the antenna systems 13, 14 are sequentially operated via an antenna switch 18 to the
effect that a radio communication 8 is initiated and started via the front antenna system 13 in
its radio coverage range 16 and afterwards is continued and terminated via the rear antenna
system 14 in its radio coverage range 17.
Fig. 3 shows a version of the embodiment of Fig. 2, where the antenna system 13 mounted
ahead in the direction of travel 15 has a more directional characteristic 16 than the antenna
systems mounted aback in the direction of travel, which in the example shown is an antenna
system 14 mounted in the middle and an antenna system 19 mounted at the back. All antenna
systems 13, 14, 19 may have different beam angles α, β, γ of their directional characteristics
16, 17, 20. The front antenna system 13 may be in particular used to emit a “wake up mes-
sage” to passing OBUs 7, for example a BST message (Beacon Service Table) according to
the CEN-DSRC standard or a WSA message (Wave Service Table Announcement) according
to the WAVE or ITS-G5 standard, thereby having the control vehicle 9 “wake up” OBUs 7,
which between the radio communications 8 with the radio beacons 2 are set to a power saving
sleep mode, using the front antenna system 13, with the antenna systems 14, 19 following
during the passage carrying out the further radio communication 8.
Fig. 5 shows a further version of the embodiments of the Fig. 2 to 4, where each antenna sys-
tem 13, 14, 19, etc., is operated by an own DRSC transceiver 12, 21, 22, etc. The DRSC
transceivers 12, 21, 22 are synchronized with one another via an internal link 23 so that they
carry out a handover of the DSRC radio communication 8 from a DSRC transceiver 12 with
its antenna system 13 to the next DRSC transceiver 14 with its antenna system 14, or from
this transceiver to the next transceiver 22 with its antenna system 19, etc.
The handover may for example consist in the wake up message being received and processed
by the front DRSC transceiver 12, with the remaining part of the radio communication 8 be-
ing received and processed by the rear transceivers 21, 22, or in the first data packages of the
radio communication 8 being sent back and forth between the OBU 7 and the control vehicle
9 by the first transceiver 12, with the further data packages being processed by the rear trans-
ceivers 21, 22.
In a further embodiment, the antenna systems 13, 14, 19 may have adjustable directional
characteristics 16, 17, 20, e.g. in the form of controllable antenna arrays (“smart antennas”) or
switchable single antennas.
A first version of this embodiment permits to control the directional characteristic of one, two
or all of the antenna systems 13, 14, 19, preferably those of the rear antenna systems 14, 19,
depending on information i (Fig. 2) received during the DSRC radio communication 8. The
information i may for example indicate the type or class of the vehicle 6 of the OBU 7, i.e.
whether it is e.g. a passenger car or a truck, or the number of axes of the vehicle. The informa-
tion i may then be used to determine the location of the OBU 7 at the vehicle 6 and thus the
location of the OBU 7 relative to the lane 11 and afterwards relative to the control vehicle 9,
in particular the altitude of the OBU 7 above the road 3: With a truck, the OBU 7 is usually
located higher than with a bus, and with a bus higher than with a passenger car, etc. The di-
rectional characteristics 16, 17, 20 may then be adjusted in their angle and/or their height to
the lane 10 and/or in their beam angles α, β, γ accordingly (arrow 24) depending on the re-
ceived information i, in order to achieve an optimal radio communication 8 with the OBU 7.
In a further version, the control vehicle 9 may alternatively or additionally comprise at least
one device 25 for measuring and/or classifying the vehicle 6, which device is preferably ar-
ranged between the antenna systems 13, 14, 19. The device 25 may also be used to control the
directional characteristics 16, 17, 20 of the antenna systems 13, 14, 19 depending on a deter-
mined dimension M of the vehicle 6 and/or of a determined class K of the vehicle 6 (arrow
26). For example, a large vehicle height can indicate that the directional characteristics 17, 20
of the antenna systems 14, 19 must be directed upwards accordingly and/or that their beam
angles β, γ must be extended accordingly.
Finally, the control vehicle 9 may also write a control information into the OBU 7 at the end
of a DSRC radio communication 8. The control information may in particular be recorded
(written) in the OBU 7 at the end of the DSRC radio communication 8 by the antenna system
14 or 19 last mounted in the direction of travel 15. The control information may e.g. contain
the time and place of the control or just be a “control flag” indicating the fact of a successful
control. The control information may also be furnished with a timestamp indicating its period
of validity or its expiration.
The control information may be displayed by the OBU 7 for the driver and e.g. instruct the
driver to call at the next stationary control station in case of an adverse control result. How-
ever, the control information may also be polled by a next stationary control station, e.g. radio
beacon 2, or by another control vehicle 9, indicating the result of the previous control to the
effect that e.g. a repeated control is not required, which means that a direct data exchange
between the single control vehicles or stations is not necessary, as the control information is
stored in the OBU 7.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments as presented, but comprises all versions and
modifications covered by the appended claims. For instance, in road toll systems 1 not based
on satellite navigation, the DSRC radio beacons 2 may be replaced with other short-range
beacons 2 for localizing the OBUs 7, e.g. infrared, RFID, DSRC, video or mobile network
beacons (base stations).
Claims (16)
1. A control vehicle for a road toll system based on vehicle-mounted on-board units which can be polled via DSRC radio communications, the control vehicle comprising at least one DRSC transceiver and at least two antenna systems, the antenna systems being distributed at a distance from one another over the longitudinal direction of the control vehicle and having omnidirectional characteristics or partially overlapping directional characteristics, in order to set up an uninterrupted radio communication for polling one and the same passing on-board unit.
2. The control vehicle according to claim 1, which comprises a single DRSC transceiver operating all of the antenna systems via a sequentially controlled antenna switch.
3. The control vehicle according to claim 1, wherein each of the antenna systems is operated by its own DRSC transceiver, synchronized for a sequential handover of the DSRC radio communication.
4. The control vehicle according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the antenna systems has a directional characteristic.
5. The control vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the directional characteristic is directed at an angle forward-and-sideward from the control vehicle.
6. The control vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the directional characteristic of the antenna systems partially overlap.
7. The control vehicle according to any one of the claims 4 to 6, wherein the antenna system mounted ahead in the direction of travel has a more directional characteristic than the antenna systems mounted aback in the direction of travel.
8. The control vehicle according to any one of the claims 4 to 7, wherein the directional characteristic of at least one antenna system is controlled depending on information received during the DSRC radio communication.
9. The control vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the antenna system mounted ahead in the direction of travel receives the said information to control the directional characteristic of at least one of the antenna systems mounted aback in the direction of travel.
10. The control vehicle according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, which is equipped with at least one device for measuring and/or classifying a passing vehicle.
11. The control vehicle according to claim 10, wherein said device is arranged between at least two of the antenna systems.
12. The control vehicle according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the directional characteristic of at least one antenna system is controlled by a dimension of the vehicle determined by the said device and/or a class of the vehicle determined by the said device.
13. The control vehicle according to any one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein the antenna system mounted ahead in the direction of travel emits a wake up message to the passing on- board unit.
14. The control vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the wake up message is a BST message according to the CEN-DSRC standard or a WSA message according to the WAVE or ITS-G5 standard.
15. The control vehicle according to any one of the claims 1 to 14, which writes control information into the on-board unit at the end of the polling.
16. The control vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the control information includes a timestamp indicating its period of validity. KAPSCH TRAFFICCOM AG By Their Attorneys HENRY HUGHES Per:
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11450149.7 | 2011-12-06 | ||
EP20110450149 EP2602768B1 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Control vehicle for a road toll system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ603341A NZ603341A (en) | 2013-03-28 |
NZ603341B true NZ603341B (en) | 2013-07-02 |
Family
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