NZ579752A - Clamping crew with a ball in the end for use in an electrical terminal - Google Patents

Abstract

A clamping screw 2 used for fastening an electrical conductor in a tubular metallic terminal, where the terminal has a threaded hole in its upper wall and the threaded hole is designed to receive the clamping screw 2. The clamping screw 2 has a hemispherical recess at its end and the recess contains a freely rotating ball 10 which projects beyond the end of the screw 2 when the screw is in use. The diameter of the recess at the end of the clamping screw 2 corresponds to the diameter of the ball 10.

Description

P579752 Received at IPONZ on 27 May 2010 PATENTS FORM NO. 5 Fee No. 4: $250.00 PATENTS ACT 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION James & Wells Ref: 504766 / 60 CG Clamping Screw WE Nexas, a French Company of 8, rue de General Foy, 75008 Paris, France hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: James & Wells Ref:504766/60 CG C09176 P579752 1 Clamping screw Field of the invention

[001] The present invention relates to a clamping screw for fastening an electrical conductor in a metallic terminal. More particularly the clamping screw includes a ball mounted in a recess at that end of the clamping screw which serves to bear against the electrical conductor.

Background of the invention

[002] The contact pressure with which a clamping screw in the mounted state presses against an electrical conductor should be as large as possible and be maintained permanently so that a stable electrical connection between electrical conductors of cables, in particular of power cables, can be ensured throughout the required service life. Owing to the friction between the clamping screw and the thread of the through hole of the terminal, and owing to the friction between the end face of the clamping screw and the surface of the conductor when tightening said clamping screw, an increased force is required to turn the clamping screw. As a result, the force with which the clamping screw presses onto the conductor may be too low to achieve a sufficient contact stability.

[003] Added to this is the fact that, in the case of multi-wire conductors, the individual wires thereof rub against one another when compressed as a result of the clamping screw being tightened. This leads to a lower pressure being produced inside the conductor than on the surface thereof. That can lead to problems when connecting multi-wire conductors having a large cross section or in the case of segmental conductors, so-called "Milliken conductors". If the contact between the individual wires inside the conductor is insufficient, increased heating may occur. In the case of conductors made of aluminium, the heating additionally leads to a softening of the conductor material and consequently to a further reduction in the contact pressure can result after only a short time. The electrical connection between the clamping screw and conductor or between the conductor and terminal is then impaired relatively quickly.

[004] DE10230502A1 discloses a clamping screw at whose end there is situated a clamping piece portion which is designed as a disc and which is set off all around with respect to the clamping screw by a lateral indentation to form a predetermined breaking point. During the tightening of the clamping screw, the force on its end face grows and the disk is separated from the clamping screw at the predetermined breaking point. The clamping screw can subsequently rotate relative to the disc which is then pressed, only without rotating itself, onto the conductor in C09176 P579752 2 the axial direction of the clamping screw. Prior to the separation, the disc is rotated together with the clamping screw and thereby moved into contact with or rotated on the conductor. This can lead to undefined damage to the conductor. Moreover, particularly in the case of multi-wire conductors having a large cross section, the relatively large-area disc does not allow a high contact pressure inside the conductor.

[005] DEI902067U, describes a clamping screw designated as a pressure screw wherein a ball constituting a pressure piece is held with a limited degree of axial mobility in a recess in the end of the screw shank. The recess is of such size that the ball can be displaced therein in the axial direction of the screw shank to such an extent that it completely disappears within the profile thereof when the clamping screw is tightened for fastening to an electrical conductor. The ball is moved counter to the action of a compression spring mounted in the screw shank. Therefore, when tightening the clamping screw, at first only the end face or shoulder thereof acts on the conductor. It is only when signs of fatigue appear on the conductor that the ball is pressed against the latter by the compression spring. In the case of the clamping screw of DEI 902067U, the end face of the clamping screw is thus rotated further in the circumferential direction after coming into contact with the conductor, which means that damage to the conductor cannot be ruled out.

[006] Any reference herein to known prior art does not, unless the contrary indication appears, constitute an admission that such prior art is commonly known by those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, at the priority date of this application.

Summary of the invention

[007] An object on which the invention is based is to design the clamping screw such that damage to the conductor can be avoided or minimised when tightening the screw and such that it produces a high contact pressure even, and in particular, in the case of multi-wire conductors.

[008] This object can be achieved according to the invention in that the clear width of the recess substantially corresponds to the dimensions of the ball, with the ball being arranged in the recess such that it can be rotated in all directions by virtue of it being separated from its wall by a gap which ensures the mobility of the ball, and the ball projects in its working position beyond the end of the clamping screw.

[009] The ball of this clamping screw projects therefrom constantly and in particular in its working position and comes only into contact with the conductor to be fastened when P579752 3 tightening the screw. Although the ball is mounted in the recess, which corresponds to its dimensions, such that it can be rotated in all directions, i.e. is freely rotatable, on tightening the clamping screw the ball is first of all rotated therewith, but only until it bears against the surface of the conductor. As the clamping screw is rotated further, the ball is then no longer rotated therewith but is pressed on and into the conductor in the direction of movement of the clamping screw. This removes or reduces damage to the surface of the conductor which would otherwise occur from a part which is rotated with a compressive force effect. The freely rotatable ball offers a significant advantage, particularly in the case of multi-wire conductors having a large cross section of 2000mm2, for example, since when using a clamping screw comprising such a ball, the individual wires inside the conductor are also acted on at the same time. It is possible in this way to achieve a very high contact pressure between the clamping screw and conductor that can be maintained in the long term.

[010] In order to ensure that the ball can rotate freely in the recess of the clamping screw with increased reliability, a lubricant can advantageously be applied to the surface thereof.

[011] The present invention also provides a method of assembling and clamping an electrical conductor in a metallic terminal, said method including the steps of: positioning exposed ends of conductors in said metallic terminal; providing a clamping screw with a ball receivable in a recess at a working end thereof to engage said exposed ends of said conductors, and being able to freely rotate in said recess when in said terminal; engaging said clamping screw in a threaded aperture in said terminal; rotating said clamping screw relative to said terminal so as to bring said ball into engagement with one of said conductors; said ball ceasing to rotate with said clamping screw or relative to said conductor it engages once a predetermined contact or compressive force is exerted between said ball and said conductor.

[012] The method can include a further step of applying a lubricant to the surface of the ball, before said ball engages said conductor, and preferably before said clamping screw and ball are assembled with said terminal.

Brief description of the drawings

[013] An embodiment or embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: C09176 P579752 4

[014] Figure 1 schematically shows a prior art connection point between the conductors of two cables, in cross-section.

[015] Figure 2 shows a clamping screw according to the invention, in section.

[016] Figure 3 shows a plan view of the clamping screw according to Figure 2.

[017] Figure 4 shows a view of a clamping screw embodied as a shear screw.

[018] Figure 5 shows the clamping screw according to Figure 4, in section.

Detailed description of the embodiment or embodiments

[019] Figure 1 depicts a terminal 1 which is designed as a tubular piece and which is made, for example, of a tin-plated aluminium alloy. The terminal 1 has two threaded bores in each of which is arranged a clamping screw 2 provided with an external thread. The electrical conductors 3 and 4 of two electrical cables 5 and 6, which are particularly power cables, project from two different sides into the terminal 1. In the assembled condition they are secured in the terminal 1 by the clamping screws 2 and thereby connected to one another in an electrically conducting manner. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical conductors 3 and 4 are preferably multi-wire conductors. They are made particularly of aluminium or copper. The conductors 3 and 4 can also consist of segments in which individual wires are combined.

[020] The clamping screw 2 according to Figures 2 and 3 has a screw head 7 suited for the engagement of a screw driving tool, a shank 8, an external thread 9 and a ball 10 which is mounted in a recess provided at an end of the clamping screw that serves for bearing against the conductor 3 or 4. The recess is embodied, for example, as a spherical segment into which the ball 10 is snapped into place. However, it is also possible for example for the ball 10 to be held in the recess by means of an elastomeric ring at least until such time as the ball comes into contact with one of the conductors 3 and 4 when tightening the clamping screw 2.

[021] The clear width of the recess corresponds to the dimensions of the ball 10. It is advantageously slightly larger than the ball 10 such that a narrow gap remains between the ball 10 and the wall of the recess. This gap ensures that the ball 10 can move freely in the clamping screw 2 such that it can rotate in the recess relative thereto even when it is pressed against one of the conductors 3 and 4. The ball 10 is advantageously made of the same material as the conductors 3 and 4 which are to be connected, that is to say preferably of aluminium, an aluminium alloy or copper. In order to ensure that they can rotate freely in the recess of the clamping screw 2 with increased reliability, a lubricant can be advantageously applied to the C09176 P579752 surface of the ball 10. The ball 10 penetrates to a greater or lesser depth into the conductor 3 or 4 dependent on the force with which the clamping screw 2 is rotated.

[022] According to Figures 4 and 5, the clamping screw 2 can also be embodied as a shear screw with at least one shear point or predetermined breaking point arranged along the axial extent thereof. According to the representation shown in the drawing of figures 4 and 5, it has a peripheral predetermined breaking point 11 and also a second screw head 12 which comes into effect when the screw head 7 is sheared off at the predetermined breaking point 11. Use can be made of a conventional spanner for tightening such a shear screw. The screw head 7 is sheared off on reaching a predetermined torque.

[023] In order to provide further tightening of the shear screw until the desired firm fit or assembly is obtained, further use is made of the screw head 12. It is possible by means of the second screw head 12 for the clamping screw 2 to be tightened with a further increased force. On reaching a given increased torque, the second screw head 12 then also shears off, specifically at a second predetermined breaking point 13 at which the shank 8 of the clamping screw 2 merges into that part of the screw which bears against the external thread 9. This variant of the clamping screw 2 can advantageously be used when it is intended to achieve a particularly uniform penetration thereof into a conductor. For that purpose, a fitter, for example using a corresponding set of fitting instructions, can first of all tighten all of the available clamping screws 2 until the first screw head 7 thereof shears off. The clamping screws 2 can then be tightened, for example in the same order as in the first screwing operation, until the second screw head 12 thereof shears off.

[024] The screw heads 7 and 12 are designed for example as hexagon heads in a customary manner. The clamping screw 2 can then be rotated using a conventional spanner. To achieve and maintain an electrically highly conductive contact, a firm connection is required between the conductors 3 and 4 of the two cables 5 and 6 and the tubular terminal 1 into which the conductors are inserted. This can be advantageously ensured by using a so-called torque wrench which, on tightening the clamping screw 2, "slips" when a sufficiently firm fit of the latter is achieved.

[025] The clamping screw 2 could also have a central polygonal blind hole and then be rotated by means of a pin with a polygonal cross section that fits into the blind hole.

[026] Where ever it is used, the word "comprising" is to be understood in its "open" sense, that is, in the sense of "including", and thus not limited to its "closed" sense, that is the C09176 P579752 6 sense of "consisting only of'. A corresponding meaning is to be attributed to the corresponding words "comprise", "comprised" and "comprises" where they appear.

[027] It will be understood that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the invention.

[028] While particular embodiments of this invention have been described, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments and examples are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all modifications which would be obvious to those skilled in the art are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

P579752 Received at IPONZ on 2 July 2010

Claims (6)

Claims

1. A clamping screw for fastening an electrical conductor in a metallic terminal which is designed as a tubular piece and which in its wall has at least one through hole provided with a thread and intended for receiving the clamping screw, wherein a ball is mounted in a recess at that end of the clamping screw which serves to bear against the electrical conductor, characterized in that the clear width of the recess corresponds to the dimensions of the ball, the ball is arranged in the recess such that it can be rotated in all directions by being separated from its wall by a gap which ensures the mobility of said ball, and the ball projects in its working position beyond the end of the clamping screw .

2. A clamping screw according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is a spherical segment into which the ball is snapped into place in a freely rotatable manner.

3. A clamping screw according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a lubricant is applied to the surface of the ball.

4. A method of assembling and clamping an electrical conductor in a metallic tenninal, said method including the steps of: positioning exposed ends of conductors in said metallic terminal; providing a clamping screw with a ball receivable in a recess at a working end thereof to engage said exposed ends of said conductors, and being able to freely rotate in said recess when in said terminal; engaging said clamping screw in a threaded aperture in said terminal; rotating said clamping screw relative to said terminal so as to bring said ball into engagement with one of said conductors; said ball ceasing to rotate with said clamping screw or relative to said conductor it engages once a predetermined contact or compressive force is exerted between said ball and said conductor; and applying a lubricant to the surface of the ball, before said ball engages said conductor. 7 P579752 Received at IPONZ on 2 July 2010

5. A clamping screw and ball for fastening an electrical conductor in a metallic terminal, said clamping screw and ball being substantially as herein before described with reference to figures 2 to 5 of the accompanying drawings.

6. A method of assembling and clamping an electrical conductor in a metallic terminal, said method being substantially as herein before described with reference to figures 2 to 5 of the accompanying drawings. 8