NZ571319A - Novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a compound of formula I, where Y is CN, n is 1 or 2, and wherein the other substituents are as defined in the specification. Also disclosed is a process for the synthesis of the compound. Also disclosed is the use of the compound to treat diabetes, a diabetic complication such as coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy, a metabolic disorder, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, a diabetic complication, dislipidemia, hypercholesteromia, hypolipidemia, obesity, hyperglycemia, or for lowering blood glucose.

Description

New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number 571 319 MATRIX LABORATORIES LIMITED Our ref.: M 2041 / WI Hamburg, 30 March 2007 Confirmation copy MATRIX LABORATORIES LIMITED 1-1-151/1,4th Floor, Sai Ram Towers Alexander Road, Secunderabad - 500 003 India NOVEL DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITORS AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM This application claims the benefit of Indian Application No.610/CHE/2006 filed April 3, 2006 and U.S.Pro visional Application No. USA 60/801,437, filed May 18, 2006, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Field of invention: The present invention relates to novel compounds represented by formula I, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing them, which are useful in treating type II diabetes and diabetic complications as well as for the treatment of dislipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and hyperglycemia.

More specifically, the present invention relates to the compounds of formula I, which are predominantly serine protease inhibitors, particularly dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors, more particularly dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, as well as to their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and solvates. Additionally, the present WI:mr CONFIRMATION COPYCONFIRMATION COPY RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing the aforementioned compounds.

The compounds of the present disclosure arc represented by formula T its derivatives, analogs, tautomeric forms, stereoisomers, bioisosters, diastereomers, polymorphs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, wherein: X= CH2, CHF, CF2, CHC1, CHOH, CHOCH3, NH, NCOCH3, CHPh, O, or S, Y = CN, Ri and R, are selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and hydroxy, R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1.4 alkoxy C1.4 alkyl, C1.4 hydroxyalkyl, R5NHC1.4 alkyl, and R5NHC,(NH)NHCi-4 alkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl, R4 is selected from hydrogen, C4-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, C2-C6 alkenyl, acyl, and halogen, n = 1 or 2, m = 0, 1, or 2, R = R]], Rl2, or Rj3, in which R11 comprises at least one of the groups selected from below a), b), or c), whereupon the optionally substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl groups are linked to the nor-adamantyl moiety either directly or via a methylene or ethylene adjacent, either by C-C linkage or by C-N linkage.

I a) A cycloalkyl group, which is optionally substituted by C1-C4 alkyl, dialkyl, or oxo, preferably a C4-C7 ring system, more preferably a C5-C6 ring system, which may be further fiinctionalized or substituted with multiple degrees of substitution. Examples of possible cycloalkyl groups are cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane dione, cylohexane dione and the possible substitutions include C1-C4 alkyl, dialkyl, and oxo. b) An optionally substituted heteroaryl group, preferably a 5 to 10 membered ring system, in which the heteroaryl ring is a monocyclic aromatic ring system or a bicyclic aromatic ring system comprising one, two, or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Possible heteroaryl groups include but not limited to tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, indole, furan, benzofuran, benzimidazole, indazole, thiophene, and benzothiophene and the substitutions on the heteroaryl ring may be the same or different and are selected from R.6 and R7, wherein R6 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alky1, C2-C4 alkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxy alkyl, alkylamino, haloalkyl, amino, acyl, COOR9, or COR9> and R7 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, amino, nitro, Ci-C8 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, COOR9, CONR8R9, COR9, NHCOORg, NHS(0)2R8, NHS(0)R8, NHS(0)2NHR8, NR8COOR9, NR8COR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8, OSO2R8, OCONR8R9, SO2R8, SOR8, SR8, SO2NR8R9, and S(0)20R8. When R^ and R7 are present on adjacent carbon atoms of the ring system, they may together form a six membered aromatic ring such as phenyl or a heterocyclic ring such as pyridine with further substitutions such as amino, hydroxy, alkyl, alkyl sulfonyl, alkyl thio, alkyl sulfinyl, carboxy, or oxo. c) A heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by C1-C3 alkyl, dialkyl and oxo groups, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic ring system with one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein the heteroatoms can also be present as functional groups, such as N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides, wherein the heterocyclic ring system may contain one or two double bonds, and wherein the monocyclic heterocyclic ring may be optionally fused to a heteroaryl, aryl, or a cycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with C1-C5 alkyl, halogens, hydroxy, amino, nitro, haloalkyl, alkylamino, carboxy, NH(CO)R8, NHS(0)2R8, NHC(0)NHR9, NHSORg, NHS(0)2NHRg, NR8COOR9, NR8COR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NRsCONRgRg, NR8C(S)NR8R9, or NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8. Examples of such heterocyclic ring radicals include but are not limited to imidazolidinone, isothiazolidine-5 1,1-dioxide, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinedione, oxopyrrolidine, isoxazolidinedione, isoindoledione, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide, thiophene-1,1-dioxide, thiazolidinedione, piperidine, piperazine, tetrahydro pyrimidinone, [1,2]-thiazinane-1,1 -dioxide, tetrahydro thiophene-1,1 -dioxide, piperidinone, and tetra-hydrothiopyran-1,1 -dioxide.

Ri2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, carboxy, nitro, amino, cyano, alkyl sulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, amidinyl, alkoxy, alkoxy carbonylamino, ureido, thiureido, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, alkanoyl amino, carbamoyl, guanidyl, optionally substituted Q-Q alkyl, and C2-C6 alkenyl.

Ri3 is optionally substituted aryl, wherein the substituents may be the same or different and comprises at least one of the groups selected from a) hydrogen; b) Ci-C8 alkyl, C2-C<5 alkenyl, halo, alkylhalo, alkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxy, 20 alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, acylamino, carbonylamino, guanidyl, nitro, amino, COOR9, R8NHC(0)R9, COR9, CONR8R9; NHC(0)0R8, NHC(0)R8, NHC(0)NR8R9, NHC(0)NR8R9, NHS(0)2R8, NHS(0)R8, NHS(0)2NHR8, NHS(0)2NHC(0)R8, NRsCOOR9, NR8COR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8, S(0)2R8, SOR8s SRs, S(0)2NR8R9, OCF3, 0S(0)2R8, or 25 0C(0)NR8R9. c) Saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic heterocyclic ring system optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, dialkyl, and oxo, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 4- to 10-membered ring with RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 onc or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein the heteroatoms can also he present as functional groups, such as N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides. Examples of such heterocyclic ring radicals include, but are not limited to pyridine, pyrimidinc, imidazolidinonc, imidazolidincthionc, indazolc, indole, isoindolc, quinazolinc, quinolinc, isoquinolinc, cinnalonc, isothiazolidinc-l,l-dioxidc, pyrrolidinone, 2-piperidinone, tetrahydropyrimidinone, azitidinone, and thiazane-1, i -dioxide.

The R», R-9, and Rio-groups, which are optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, cyano, nitro, alkyl, acyl, acyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, amino, alkylthio, or thioalkyl groups, may be the same or different and arc individually selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C|-Cg alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy carbonyl, and arylalkoxy carbonyl. When R8 and R<) arc present together on a nitrogen atom they may form a 5- or 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or unsaturated cyclic system containing carbon atoms, at least one nitrogen atom and optionally one or more other heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.

The present disclosure also relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their solvates.

The present disclosure also relates to novel intermediates, processes for their preparation, their use in the preparation of compounds of formula I, and their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their solvates.

In one aspect, the invention comprises a compound of formula I, (followed by page 5a) RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 5a - i r lor /W'J >.

R I or a tautomeric form, stereoisomer, bioisoster, diastereomer, polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, wherein: X= CH2, CHF, CF2, CHCl, CHOH, CHOCH,, NH, NCOCH3, CHPh, O, or S, Y = CN, Ri and Rs are selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and hydroxy, R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1.4 alkoxy C1.4 alkyl, C1.4 hydroxyalkyl, R5NHC1.4 alkyl, and R5NHC(NH)NHCi_4 alkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl, R4 is selected from hydrogen, C4-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, C2-C6 alkenyl, acyl, and halogen, n =1 or 2, m = 0, 1, or 2, R = Rn, R12, or Ri3, in which Ri 1 comprises at least one of the groups selected from below a), b), or c), whereupon the optionally substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl groups are linked to the nor-adamantyl moiety either directly or via a methylene or ethylene adjacent, either by C-C linkage or by C-N linkage; a) cycloalkyl group which is optionally substituted by C1-C4 alkyl, dialkyl, or oxo, b) optionally substituted heteroaryl group in which the heteroaryl ring is a monocyclic aromatic ring system or a bicyclic aromatic ring system comprising one, two, or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, and wherein the (followed by page 5b) RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 -5b - substitucnts of the heteroaryl ring system arc selected from the group consisting of R(l and Rj, wherein Re is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxy alkyl, alkylamino, haloalkyl, amino, acyl, COOR9, or COR9, and R7 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, amino, nitro, Ci-Cg alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, COOR9, CONR8R9, COR9, NHCOORs, NHS(0)2R8, NHS(0)R8, NHS(0)2NHR8, NRgCOOR,, NRgCOR,, NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8, 0S02R8, OCONRsR9, SO2R«, SOR8, SR«, S02NR8R9, S(0)20Rs, and when R6 and R7 are present on adjacent carbons of the ring system, they may together form a six membered aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring; c) heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by C1-C3 alkyl, dialkyl and oxo groups, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic ring system with one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein the heteroatoms can also be present as functional groups which arc selected from N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides, wherein the heterocyclic ring system may contain one or two double bonds, wherein the monocyclic heterocyclic ring may be optionally fused to a heteroaryl, aryl, or a cycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with C1-C5 alkyl, halogens, hydroxy, amino, nitro, haloalkyl, alkylamino, carboxy, NH(CO)R8, NHS(0)2R8, NHC(0)NHR9, NHSOR8, NHS(0)2NHR8, NR8COOR9, NR8COR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NRsCONR8R9, NRsC(S)NR8R9, NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8, Ri2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, carboxy, nitro, amino, cyano, alkyl sulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, amidinyl, alkoxy, alkoxy carbonylamino, ureido, thiureido, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, alkanoyl amino, carbamoyl, guanidyl, optionally substituted Ci-C8 alkyl, and C2-C(; alkenyl; (followed by page 5c) RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 5c - Rn is optionally substituted aryl, wherein the substitucnts may be the same or different and comprises at least one of the groups selected from a) hydrogen; b) Ci-Cs alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, halo, alkylhalo, alkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkyl sulfinyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, acylamino, carbonylamino, guanidyl, nitro, amino, COOR9, R8NHC(0)R9, COR9, CONR8Rs), NHC(0)0R8, NHC(0)R8, NHC(0)NR8R9, NHC(0)NR8R9, NHS(0)2R8, NHS(0)Rs, NHS(0)2NHR8, NHS(0)2NHC(0)R8, NR8COOR9, NR8COR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONRsR9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8, S(0)2R8, SORs, SR8, S(0)2NR8R9, OCF3, 0S(0)2R8, or 0C(0)NR8R9; c) saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic heterocyclic ring system optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from C1-C3 alkyl, C2-Cf, alkenyl, dialkyl, and oxo, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 4- to 10-membered ring with one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein the heteroatoms can also be present as functional groups which arc sclcctcd from N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides, wherein R8, R9, and Ri0, which are optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, cyano, nitro, alkyl, acyl, acyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, amino, alkylthio, or thioalkyl groups, may be the same or different and are individually selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-C8 alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy carbonyl, and arylalkoxy carbonyl and when R8 and R9 are present together on a nitrogen atom they may form a 5- or 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or unsaturated cyclic system containing carbon atoms, at least one nitrogen atom and optionally one or more other heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.

In one other aspect, the invention comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of (21V)-l-[l//-l,2,4-triazol-l-ylmethyl-(tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]non-3-ylaniino)acctyl]pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, cnantiomcr, or raccmatc thereof, (followed by page 5d) RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 5d - (2.S\4.S')-4-fluoro-l-{/V-[2-(l//-l,2)4-triazol-l-ylmcthyr)hcxahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(Ltf)-yl] glycyl }pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2.S,,4/?)-4-fluoro-l-{.Y-[2-(1//-l,2,4-triazol-l-ylmcthyT)hcxahydro-2.5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(Lff)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (4^)-3-{A''-[2-(li/-l,2,4-triazol-l-ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li/)-yl] glycyl}-l,3-thiazolidinc-4-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (2S)-l-{7V-[2-(l#-tetrazol-l-ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l-ff)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2S)-1 - {.V-[2-[(4-mcthylpipcrazin-l -yl )mcthyl]hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l/7)-yl] glycyl} pyTTolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (2tS')-1 - {A'-[2-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a( l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2.S)-l-{/V-[2-[(l ,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)mcthyl]hexahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a( li/)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (21V)-l-{A'-[2-[(2,4-dioxo-l,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l //)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2S)-l-{N-[2-[(l,3-dioxo-l,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2yl)mcthyl]hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcnt alen-3a(lH)-yl] glycyl }pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, and ((2.S1)-1 -{/V-[2-(l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylmethy1)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a( I fl)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl) acetonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof.

In yet one other aspect, the invention comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of (2S)-l-{iV-[2-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l.ff)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (followed by page 5e) RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 5e - (2.S\4.S')-1-{/V-[2-[4-(1,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l.ff)-yl]glycyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile 0r a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2.S\4/?)-1-{,V-[2-[4-(l ,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phcnyl] hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l/f)-yl] glycyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (4^)-3- {A'-[2-[4-( 1, l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hcxahydro-2,5-nicthanopcntalcn-3a(l/f)-yl]glycyl}-l,3-thiazolidinc-4-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (21V)-l-{A'-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-l-yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl glycyl} pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (2.S\4.S')-4-fluoro-l -{Ar-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-l -1 )phcnyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li/)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (4R)-3-{N-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-l-yl)phcnyl]hcxahydro-2,5mcthanopcntalcn-3a(1//)yl]gl ycyl}-l,3-thiazolidinc-4-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (21V)-l-{A'-[2-[4-(l//-pyrrol-l-yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (25)-l-{N-[2-[4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-l-yl)phcnyl]licxahydro-2,5-mctlianopcntalcn-3a(l/f)-yl] glycyl }pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, and ((2 S)-1 - {A'-[2-[4-(3-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1 -yl)phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl }pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof.

In still one other aspect, the invention comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of (25)-l-[(tricyclo [3.3.1.0J,7]non-3-ylamino) acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2S)-1 -{[(1 -hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]non-3-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2- carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (followed by page 5f) RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 5f - (2.Sr)-l-{[(l-mcthoxytricyclo[3.3.1.0J,']non-3-yl)amino]acctyl}pyrrolidinc-2- carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (21S')-l-{[(l-ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03''] non-3-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2- carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (2,S)-l-{[(l-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)amino]acctyl}pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, and (2S')~ 1 -[A'-(2-fiuorohexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a( l//)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof.

In even one other aspect, the invention comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of (2.y)-l-{/V-[2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-l-yl) hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (21S')-l-{A'-[2-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (25)-l-[A-(2-phcnylhcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(li/)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2 S)-1 - {A'-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a( l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, and (2S)-1 - {A- [2-(4-aminophenyl)hexahydro-2,5 -methanopentalen-3a( li?)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof.

In another aspect, the invention comprises a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I I (followed by page 5g) RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 5g - comprising the coupling of a compound of formula TT, which is in its free form, in form of a salt, or in protected form, with a compound of formula III wherein P is hydrogen or a protecting group, L is a leaving group, and R, Ri, R2, Rj, R4, X, Y, n, and m are as defined above.

In yet another aspect, the invention comprises an intermediate compound of formula II in its free form, in form of a salt, or in protected form It wherein R, R3, R4, and m are defined as above and P is hydrogen or a protecting group.

In still another aspect, the invention comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising a) a compound of formula I as defined above, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or its pharmaceutically acccptablc solvate, and b) at least one pharmaccutically acccptablc carrier, diluent, or excipient.

In even another aspect, the invention comprises use of a compound of formula (I) as defined above, or its pharmaccutically acccptablc salt, or its phamiaccutically acccptablc II (followed by page 5h) RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 -5h- solvatc for preparing a mcdicamcnt for the treatment or prevention of diabetes or a diabetic complication.

In an additional aspcct, the invention comprises use of the pharmaceutical composition according to an above aspcct for preparing a mcdicamcnt for the treatment or prevention of diabetes or a diabetic complication.

In yet an additional aspcct, the invention comprises use of a compound of formula (I) as defined above, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or its pharmaceutically acceptable solvate for preparing a medicament for the prevention of hyperglycemia or type II diabetes, for the treatment of type TT diabetes, a diabetic complication, a mctabolic disorder, impaired glucose tolcrancc, impaired fasting glucose, obesity, dislipidcmia, hypercholesteremia, or hypolipidemia, or for the reduction of blood glucose levels or bodyweight.

In still an additional aspcct, the diabetic complication is selected from the group consisting of coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy.

As well as the compound, intermediate, composition, use, and proccss dcscribcd above, the present specification includes a broad description of this subject matter. While the present invention is directed to the compound, intermediate, composition, use, and process as defined in the claims, the invention is further illustrated with reference to this broad description. For the purposes of this specification, use of the word "invention" will be understood to encompass both this broad description and the description of the invention as claimed.

Background of the invention: (followed by page 6) Diabetes is characterized by elevated levels of plasma glucose or hyperglycemia in the fasting state or after administration of glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of macro vascular and micro vascular complications, including coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy.

A significant, rapidly growing fraction of the human population is affected by type 2 diabetes, a disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and relative insufficiency of insulin. Recently researches found that the activity of two potent stimulators of insulin secretion, GLP-1 and GIP, is rapidly abolished by the serine peptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). DPP-IV is a member of a family of serine peptidases. CD26 or DPP-IV is a membrane-associated peptidase of 766 amino acids that is widely distributed in numerous tissues. DPP-4 also exists as a soluble circulating form in plasma and significant DPP-4-like activity is detectable in plasma from humans and rodents. The principal biological activity of CD26 (DPP-IV) is its enzymatic function. DPP-IV prefers substrates with an amino-terminal proline or alanine at position 2, but may also cleave substrates with non-preferred amino acids at position 2. The structure of GIP, GLP-1 and GLP-2 reveals a highly conserved alanine at position 2, rendering these peptides ideal putative substrates for the aminopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP- 4). Eur JBiochem. 1993, 214(3), 829-35.

A glance at the available treatments for type 2 diabetes, which have not changed substantially in many years, makes clear that they all have their own limitations. There are many pharmacologic strategies to accomplish these goals. First of this series are alpha glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose and miglitol, which function by interfering with the -7_ action of the alpha-glucosidases present in the small intestinal brush border. The consequence of this inhibition is a reduction in digestion and the consequent absorption of glucose into the systemic circulation. The reduction in glucose uptake allows the pancreatic beta-cells to regulate the insulin secretion more effectively. The advantage of the use of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors is that they function locally in the intestine and have no major systemic action. Hypoglycemia does not usually occur with the use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors but they are effective in reducing fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAic). The common adverse side effects of these inhibitors are abdominal bloating and discomfort, diarrhea, and flatulence.

The sulfonylureas and meglitinide classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs are referred to as endogenous insulin secretagogues because they induce the pancreatic release of endogenous insulin. Because these drugs can induce pronounced hypoglycemia, treatment is initiated with the lowest possible dose and carefully monitored until the dose results in a FPG of 110-140mg/dL. Sulfonylureas function by binding to and inhibiting the pancreatic ATP-dependent potassium channel that is normally involved in glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Sulfonylureas have no significant effects on circulating triglycerides, lipoproteins, or cholesterol. The non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues are both fast acting and of short duration. However, meglitinides (non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues) do exert effects on potassium conductance. Like the sulfonylureas, the meglitinides have no direct effects on the circulating levels of plasma lipids.

The biguanides lower serum glucose levels by enhancing insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production and enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Metformin is a member of this class and is currently the most widely prescribed insulin-sensitizing drug in clinical use. Metformin administration does not lead to increased insulin release from the pancreas and as such the risk of hypoglycemia is minimal. Because the major site of action for metformin is the liver its use can be contraindicated in patients with liver dysfunction. In adolescent females with type 2 diabetes, the use of metformin is highly recommended to reduce the incidence as well as the potential for polycystic ovarian syndrome. However the two biguanides, phenformin and metformin can induce lactic acidosis and nausea/diarrhea.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor (PPAR) family has received particular scrutiny in the field of diabetes and as a result the thiazolidinediones have emerged as a therapeutic class. First generation thiazolidinediones were agonists of the PPAR gamma receptor and were able to reduce insulin resistance. One adverse effect associated with PPAR gamma receptor agonists is however weight gain. More recently molecules have been developed that activate PPAR alpha. This class is able to reduce triglyceride levels and is also able to improve insulin sensitivity and as a result dual PPAR alpha/PPAR gamma agonists have been developed with proposed beneficial effects over existing PPAR gamma- and alpha-preferential drugs in treatment of type 2 diabetes. But safety issues slowed down the entry of these drugs One of the exciting classes of agents in development are GLP-1 agonists. The primary metabolic responses to GLP-1 release from the enteroendocrine L-cells of the gut are inhibition of glucagon secretion and enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas, both effects lead to decreased glycemic excursion. But the hormonal action of GLP-1 is rapidly terminated as a consequence of enzymatic cleavage by DPP IV. Recent clinical evidence has shown that either infusion of GLP-1 or inhibition of DPP IV can result in dramatic reductions in plasma glucose concentrations, reductions in HbAic, and improvement in pancreatic beta-cell function. Thus, both represent potential targets for the prevention of the hyperglycemia associated with diabetes and impaired insulin function. There are advantages and disadvantages with the current therapeutic approaches targeting GLP-1 action in diabetic patients. Current use of GLP-1 mimetics and/or GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1 R) agonists focus on peptides or modified peptides and these must be given by injection, which leads to problems with the patient-compliance.

Another novel mechanism for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is a multifunctional protein involved in cleaving incretin hormones, hence serving to regulate glucose homeostasis and consequently viewed as a target for the management of Type 2 diabetes. The usefulness of Dipeptidyl peptidase 5 IV in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes is based on the fact that Dipeptidyl peptidase IV in vivo readily inactivates GLP-1 and GIP. These are the incretins that are produced when food is consumed. These incretins stimulate production of insulin. Inhibition of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV leads to decreased inactivation of incretins, in turn increased efficacy of incretins in stimulating insulin production by pancreas. Therefore Dipeptidyl peptidase IV 10 inhibition results in an increased level of serum insulin. An interesting observation is that incretins are produced only when food is consumed. So the Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition is not expected to increase the level of insulin between meals which can lead to hypoglycemia. Inhibition of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is therefore expected to increase insulin without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Investigational Dipeptidyl peptidase 15 IV inhibitors offer an advantage over other novel therapies since they can be administered orally. Compliance in patients is much higher with orally delivered drugs than with those that require injection. Thus Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors are a promising new approach to treat type 2 diabetes, which function, at least in part, as indirect stimulators of insulin secretion. Mechanism and use of DPPIV inhibitors in various diseases is well 20 explained in prior art patents like WO 2005/033106 and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Prior art: International patent application WO 00/34241 discloses the compounds of the generic formula WO 2007/113634 PCT/IB2007/000830 wherein R is substituted adamantyl.

International patent application WO 03/04498 discloses the compounds of the generic formula T? w US-application US 2005/038020 discloses the compounds of generic formula h2n o x wherein A is an optionally substituted adamantyl group.

International patent application WO 2006/090244 discloses the compounds of formula RZ(CH O R1 wherein n is 0,1,2, or 3.

R2 is substituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5 cycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclicgroup, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, -NR3R4, -NH-S(0)m-R3, -NH-CR3R4, C(0)-R5, -C(0)0-R3, -C(0)NR3R4, -S(0)m-, 10 NR3R4, nitro, cyano, formyl, acetyl, halogen, -SRa, or a protecting group.

International patent application WO 2005/021536 discloses the compounds of formula O wherein one of the possible B substituents is adamantyl amine.

One of the representative examples is irV" -n H—CI H-CI H.

V International patent application WO 2006/012395 discloses the compounds of formula R?~X —(a)—f (CH^-R1 as peptidase inhibitors. One of the representative examples is p. v ^ I t\==/i S11 N' NH. u International patent application W02005095339 discloses the compounds of formula N O, r y—N. p N as DPPIV inhibitors.

US20050215784 discloses the compounds of formula RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 as DPPIV inhibitors.

Although there are a few DPPIV inhibitors in different stages of clinical trials such as the examples given above (LAF-237, MK-0431, BMS-477118, GSK23A), there is still a need for novel compounds in this area and the objective of the present invention is to provide novel nor-adamantyl cyano pyrrolidine compounds represented by formula I which have a DPPIV inhibittory activity as well as processes for their preparation.

Summary of the invention: The objective of the present invention is to provide novel compounds of formula I, having serine protease inhibiting activity, particularly dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibiting activity for lowering blood glucosc levels, lipid levels, cholesterol levels and reducing body weight, against type II diabetes and diabetic complications. The main objective of the present invention is therefore, to provide novel nor-adamantyl cyano pyrrolidine compounds represented by formula T, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosteres, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing them.

It is a further objective of the invention to at least provide the public with a useful alternative.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of noradamantyl cyano pyrrolidine compounds represented by formula I, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide novel intermediates, processes for 5 their preparation and use of these intermediates in processes for the preparation of saind noradamantyl cyano pyrrolidine compounds represented by formula I and their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and solvates.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the present invention represented by formula I, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their salts, solvates, or their mixtures in combination with suitable carriers, solvents, diluents and other media normally employed in preparing 15 such compositions.

RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 Detailed Description of the invention: The present disclosure includes compounds represented by formula T R, R 1 o y % I their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaccutically acccptablc salts and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates wherein X= CH2, CHF, CF2, CHC1, CHOH, CHOCH3, NH, NCOCH,, CHPh, O, or S, Y = CN, Ri and R; are selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and hydroxy, R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy C1.4 alkyl, C1.4 hydroxyalkyl, R5NHC1.4 alkyl, andRsNHC(NH)NHCi.4 alkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C4 alkyl, R4 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, C2-C6 alkenyl, acyl, and halogen, n = 1 or 2, m = 0, 1, or 2, R = Rn, R12, or R13, in which R11 comprises at least one of the groups selected from a), b), or c), whereupon the optionally substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl groups are linked to the noradamantyl moiety either directly or via a methylene or ethylene adjacent, either by C-C linkage or by C-N linkage a) A cycloalkyl group, which is optionally substituted by C1-C4 alkyl, dialkyl, or oxo, pre-5 ferably a C4-C7 ring system, more preferably a C5-C6 ring system, which may be further functionalized or substituted with multiple degrees of substitution. Examples of possible cycloalkyl groups are cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane dione, cylohexane dione and the possible substitutions include C1-C4 alkyl, dialkyl, and oxo. b) An optionally substituted heteroaryl group, preferably a 5 to 10 membered ring system, in which the heteroaryl ring is a monocyclic aromatic ring system or a bicyclic aromatic ring system comprising one, two, or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Possible heteroaryl groups include but are not limited to tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, indole, furan, benzofuran, 15 benzimidazole, indazole, thiophene, and benzothiophene and the substitutions on the heteroaryl ring may be the same or different and are selected from R.6 and R7, wherein R6 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxy alkyl, alkylamino, haloalkyl, amino, acyl, COOR9, or COR9j and R7 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, amino, nitro, Ci-Cg alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, COOR9, CONR8R9, COR9, 20 NHCOORg, NHS(0)2R8, NHS(0)R8, NHS(0)2NHR8, NR8COOR9, NR8COR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, NHC(0)NHS(0)2Rb, OSO2R8, OCONR8R9, S02R8, SOR8, SR8, S02NR8R9, and S(0)20R8. When R6 and R7 are present on adjacent carbon atoms of the ring system, they may together form a six membered aromatic ring such as phenyl or a heterocyclic ring such as pyridine with further substitutions such as 25 amino, hydroxy, alkyl, alkyl sulfonyl, alkyl thio, alky1 sulfinyl, carboxy, or oxo.

Further preferred heteroaryl groups comprise these examples do not limit the present invention. c) A heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by C1-C3 alkyl, dialkyl and oxo groups, 5 wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic ring system with one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein the heteroatoms can also be present as functional groups, such as N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides, wherein the heterocyclic ring system may contain one or two double bonds, and wherein the monocyclic heterocyclic ring may be 10 optionally fused to a heteroaryl, aryl, or a cycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with C1-C5 alkyl, halogens, hydroxy, amino, nitro, haloalkyl, alkylamino, carboxy, NH(CO)R8, NHS(0)2R8, NHC(0)NHR9, NHSORg, NHS(0)2NHR8, NR8COOR9, NR8COR9, NRsS(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, or NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8 The possible substitutions of the heterocyclic ring systems include C1-C3 alkyl, dialkyl, and oxo groups. 15 Examples of such heterocyclic ring radicals include but are not limited to imidazolidinone, isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinedione, oxopyrrolidine, isoxazolidinedione, isoindoledione, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide, thiophene-1,1-dioxide, thiazolidinedione, piperidine, piperazine, tetrahydro pyrimidinone, [1,2]-thiazinane-1,1-dioxide, tetrahydro thiophene-l,l-dioxide, piperidinone, and tetrahydrothiopyran-1,1-dioxide.

Further preferred heterocyclyl groups comprise wherein R7 is as described above and Z is CH2, O, S, SO2, NH, NR^, or CH(OH). These examples do not limit the present invention.

Ri2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, carboxy, nitro, amino, cyano, alkyl sulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, amidinyl, alkoxy, alkoxy carbonylamino, ureido, thiureido, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, alkanoyl amino, carbamoyl, guanidyl, optionally substituted Ci-C8 alkyl, and C2-C6 alkenyl.

R13 is optionally substituted aryl, wherein the substituents may be the same or different and comprises at least one of the groups selected from a) hydrogen; b) Ci-Cg alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, halo, alkylhalo, alkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, acylamino, carbonylamino, guanidyl, nitro, amino, COOR9, R8NHC(0)R9, COR9, CONR8R9) NHC(0)0R8, NHC(0)R8, NHC(0)NR8R9, NHC(0)NR8R9, NHS(0)2R8, NHS(0)R8, NHS(0)2NHRs, NHS(0)2NHC(0)R8, NR8COOR9, NR8COR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, COOH o o o NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8, S(0)2R8, SORg, SR8, S(0)2NR8R9j OCF3, 0S(0)2R8, or 0C(0)NR8R9. c) Saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic heterocyclic ring system optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, 5 dialkyl, and oxo, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 4- to 10-membered ring with one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein the heteroatoms can also be present as functional groups, such as N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides. Examples of such heterocyclic ring radicals include, but are not limited to pyridine, pyrimidine, imidazolidinone, imidazolidinethione, 10 indazole, indole, isoindole, quinazoline, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnalone, isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide, pyrrolidinone, 2-piperidinone, tetrahydropyrimidinone, azitidinone, and thiazane-1,1 -dioxide.

Further preferred heterocyclyl groups comprise o s X s U* o o these examples do not limit the present invention.

The Rg, R9, and Rio-groups, which are optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, cyano, nitro, alkyl, acyl, acyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, amino, alkylthio, or thioalkyl groups, may be the same or different and are individually selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-Cg alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy carbonyl, and arylalkoxy carbonyl. When Rg and R9 are present together on a nitrogen atom they may form a 5- or 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or unsaturated cyclic system containing carbon atoms, at least one nitrogen atom and optionally one or more other heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.

Finally compounds of the invention are either obtained in free form or as a salt thereof, if salt forming groups are present. Compounds of the present invention may be converted into pharmaceutically acceptable salts by reacting them with appropriate acids or bases.

Certain compounds of the present invention of formula I may contain one or more chiral centers and the present invention incorporates the isolated stereoisomers, their mixtures, as well as the corresponding racemates.

Listed below are definitions of various terms used to describe this invention The term "alkyl" refers to a saturated straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chain that optionally may be substituted with multiple degrees of substitution. Examples of "alkyl" include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, and isobutyl. The substitutions may be selected from halogens, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyl, amino, and nitro.Unless specified differently, for example by the phrase"Cx-Cy alkyl" which refers to an alkyl group with specified number of carbons, in the entire specification the term "alkyl group" refers to a Ci-Cg-group. A similar terminology applies to other preferred ranges as well.

The term "alkenyl" used herein, either alone or in combination with other radicals, denotes a straight or branched C2-C6 aliphatic hydrocarbon chain containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds that may be optionally substituted with multiple degrees of substitution. The term "alkenyl" includes dienes and trienes of straight and branched chains and include groups such as vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 5-heptenyl, and 6- heptenyl The term "acyl" refers to a -C(0)Ra-group, wherein Ra is C1-C4 straight or branched alkyl or aryl.

The term "acylamino" used herein is represented by a -NHC(0)Ra-group, wherein Ra is defined as above and examples are CH3CONH, C2H5CONH, C3H7CONH, QH5CONH.

The term "alkanoyloxy" refers to a -OC(0)Ra-group, wherein Ra is C1-C4 straight or branched alkyl as defined above; examples are acetyloxy and propanyloxy.

The term "alkanoyl" refers to a -C(O) Ra-group, wherein Ra is C1-C4 straight or branched alkyl as defined above; examples are acetyl and propanoyl.

The term "alkanoylamino" refers to a -NH-C(0)Ra-group, wherein Ra is C1-C4 straight or branched alkyl as defined above; examples are CH3CONH- and C2H5CONH-.

The term "alkoxy" refers to a -ORa~group, wherein Ra is alkyl as defined herein. Representative examples include but are not limited to methoxy and ethoxy.

The term "alkoxycarbonyl" refers to a -C(O)ORa-gr0up, wherein Ra is alkyl as defined herein.

The term "Alkoxycarbonylamino" refers to a -NHC(0)ORa-group where Ra is alkyl as defined herein.

The term "alkylamino" refers to a -N(Ra)2-group, wherein one Ra is alkyl and the other Ra is independently H or alkyl as defined herein.

The term "alkyl sulfinyl" refers to a -S(0)Ra-group, wherein Ra is alkyl as defined herein.

The term "alkyl sulfonyl" refers to a -S(0)2Ra-group, wherein Ra is alkyl as defined herein The term "alkylthio" refer to a -SRa-group, wherein Ra is alkyl as defined herein. Representative examples include but are not limited to -S-CH3, -S-CH2CH3.

The term "alkylhalo" refers to a RaX-group, wherein Ra is alkyl as defined above and X represents a halogen atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

The term "Halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

The term "hydroxyalkyl" refers to a RaOH-group, wherein Ra is alkyl as defined herein and representative examples include but are not limited to hydroxy methyl, hydroxy ethyl, and hydroxy propyl.

The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic ring system with five to ten carbon atoms, which may be monocyclic or bicyclic and unsaturated or partially saturated, and one or more carbons may optionally be replaced by one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S. The term "aryl" includes ring(s) optionally substituted with multiple degrees of substitution and the substitutions may include alkyl, alkylene, Dialkyl, and oxo.

The term "aralkyl" refers to a Ar-Ra-group, wherein Ar and Ra are as defined above.

The term "arylalkoxycarbonyl"refers to a -C(0)ORaAr-group, wherein Ar and Ra are as defined above.

The term "heteroaryl" refers to a monocyclic aromatic ring system or a fused bicyclic aromatic ring system comprising two or more aromatic rings, preferably two rings. These heteroaryl rings contain one or more heteroatom, such as nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein functional groups, such as N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and dioxides are permissible as heteroatom substitutions .The term "heteroaryl" includes optionally substituted ring systems. Examples of heteroaryl groups include furan, thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, thiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, isothiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, indazole, and substituted versions thereof.

The term "heterocyclyl" refers to a 3 to 15 membered ring that is either saturated or has one or more double bonds. These heterocyclic rings contain one or more heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur, and/or oxygen atoms, wherein functional groups such as N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and dioxides are permissible heteroatom substitutions. Such ring may be optionally fused to one or more other heterocyclic ring(s), aryl ring(s) or cycloalkyl ring(s).

The term "stereoisomers" refers to certain compounds described herein that contain one or more chiral centres or may otherwise be capable of existing as multiple stereoisomers. Scope of the present invention includes pure stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers such as purified enantiomers/diastereomers or enantiomerically/diastereomerically enriched mixtures, and racemates.

The term "bioisosteres" refers to compounds or groups that possess near molecular shapes and volumes, approximately the same distribution of electrons and which exhibit similar physical properties such as hydrophobicity.Bioisostereic compounds affect the same biochemically associated systems as agonist or antagonists and thereby produce biological 5 properties that are related to each other.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" includes salts derived from inorganic bases such as Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, and Mn, salts of organic bases such as N,N'-diacetylethylenediamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, isopropylamine, morpholine, 10 piperazine, piperidine, procaine, diethylamine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine, adamantyl amine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N,N-benzyl phenylethylamine, choline hydroxide, dicyclohexylamine, metformin, benzylamine, phenylethylamine, dialkylarnine, trialkylamine, thiamine, aminopyrimidine, aminopyridine, purine, pyrimidine, and spermidine, chiral bases like alkylphenylamine, 15 glycinol, and phenyl glycinol, salts of natural amino acids such as glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, norleucine, tyrosine, cysteine, cystine, methionine, proline, hydroxy proline, histidine, ornithine, lysine, arginine, serine, threonine, and phenylalanine, unnatural amino acids such as D-isomers or substituted amino acids, salts of acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid, guanidine, substituted guanidine wherein the 20 substituents are selected from nitro, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, ammonium, or substituted ammonium salts. Salts may include acid addition salts such as sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, perchlorates, borates, hydrohalides selected from HC1, HBr, HI, acetates, tartrates, maleates, citrates, succinates, palmoates, methanesulfonates, benzoates, salicylates, hydroxynaphthoates, benzenesulfonates, ascorbates, glycerophosphates, and 25 ketoglutarates.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable solvates" refers adducts and co-crystallates, such as hydrates or solvates comprising other solvents, e.g. alcohols.

RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 The term "compounds of the invention" or "present invention" refers to the compounds of the present invention represented by formula I as defined herein, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates.

The term "suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers" include solid fillers or diluents and sterile aqueous or organic solutions. The active ingredient will be present in such pharmaceutical compositions in amounts sufficient to provide the desired cffcct as described above. Thus, for oral administration, the compounds can be combined with a suitable solid, liquid carrier or diluent to form capsules, tablets, powders, syrups, solutions, suspensions etc. The pharmaceutical compositions may contain additional components such as flavourants, sweeteners, and cxcipicnts.

Preferred compounds are represented by formula la and the generic structure given below. Additionally, preferred embodiments arc represented by their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their diastereomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates. wherein: n =1 or 2 m = 0, 1, or 2 X= CH2, CHF, or S Y = CN RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 Rj is independently selected from hydrogen and CrC4 alkyl R4 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1-C4 Alkoxy, C1-C4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, C2-C6 alkenyl, acyl, or halogen R is Ri 1, R12 or Rb and Rn, R12, R13 are as defined above.

Preferred compounds comprise the following compounds: (25)-1-[1/7-1,2,4-triazol-l-ylmcthyl (tricyclo[3.3.1.01 ']non-3-ylamino) acctyl] pyrrolidine-2-c arbonitrile (2lS,,4i')-4-fluoro-1 -{/V-[2-( IH-1,2,4-triazol-1 -y1methyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (2,S,,4/?)-4-fluoro-1 - {/V-[2-( I H-\,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethy1)hexahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l/f)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc (4^)-3- {A'-[2-( 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a( 1//)-yl]glycyl}-1,3-thiazolidine-4-c arbonitrile (2j)-l-{Ar-[2-(l//-tetrazol-l-ylmethyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l/7)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc (2 S)-1 - {A'-[2-[(4-methylpiperazin-1 -yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a( l/f)-yl] glycyl ( pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (2 S)-1 - {Af-[2-[(4-methylpiperazin-1 -yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a( l//)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (2j)-l-{Ar-[2-(thiomorpholin-4-ylniethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li/)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (2^)-l-{Ar-[2-(thioniorpholin-4-ylmcthyl)hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(li/)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (2,S)-1 - {Ar-[2-[(l, 1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)mcthyl]hcxahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (25)-l-{iV-[2-[(2,4-dioxo-l,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l#)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (2S)-l-{N-[2-[(l,3-dioxo-l,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(lH)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile ((25)-1 - {N- [2-( 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a( 1H)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetonitrile (25)-1 -{iV-[2-[4-( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hexahydro -2,5-methano pentalen-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (2S,45)-1 -{AL[2-[4-( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (2S,4R)~ 1 - (iV-[2-[4-(l, 1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li7)-yl] glycyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (4i?)-3-{iV-[2-[4-(l, 1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a(l/f)-yl]glycyl}-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile (25)-1 - {jV-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1 -yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3a(li^)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (25,45)-4-fluoro-l-{7V-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-l-l)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (4i?)-3-{Ar-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1 -yl)phenyl] hexahydro -2,5-methanopentalen-3 a(l//)-yl] glycyl} -1,3 -thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile (25)-1 - {N-[2-[4-{ l//-pyrrol-l-yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3a( 1H)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (25)-l - {iV-[2-[4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-l -yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a(l//)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile ((25)-1 - {Ar-[2-[4-(3 -methyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1 -yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetonitrile (25)-1 -[(tricyclo [3.3.1.03,7]non-3 -ylamino) acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (25)-1 -[(tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-ylamino) acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (25)-l-{[(l-hydroxytricycIo[3.3.1.03,7]non-3-yI)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (25)-1 - {[(1 -hydroxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine~2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (25)-1 - {[(1 -methoxytricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3 -yl)amino] acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (25)-l-{[(l-methoxytricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (25)-l-{[(l-ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03,7] non-3-yl) amino] acetyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbo nitrile (25)-1 -{[(1 -ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-3-yl) amino] acetyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbo nitrile hydrochloride salt (25)-l-{[(1 -aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl) amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (25)-l-[A'-(2-fluorohexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (25)-l-[A^-(2-fluorohexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl)glycyl]pyiTolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (25)-l-{iV- [2- (2-oxopyrrolidin-l-yl) hexahydro-2 ,5-methanopentalen-3a (1 H)~ yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (25)-l-{iV- [2- (2-oxopyrrolidin-l-yl) hexahydro-2 ,5-methanopentalen-3a (1H)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (25)-1 - {7V-[2-( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a (1H)- yl ] glycyl} pyrrolidine -2-carbonitrile (25)-l-{iV-[2-(l, l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a (177)- yl ] glycyl} pyrrolidine -2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 (2 S)-1 -[iV-(2-phcnylhcxaliydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(li/)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrile (2lST)-1-[.¥-(2-phenylhexahydro-2,5-methanopentaleri-3a(1/f)-yr)glycy]]pyrro]idine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt (2lST)-l-{,V-[2-(4-nitrophcnyl)hcxahydro-2,5-methanopcntalcn-3a(lff)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc (2.S')-l-{A'-[2-(4-aminophenyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile Another aspcct provides processes for the preparation of the compounds of general formula I as dcscribcd above.

Scheme I: II in wherein P is H or a protecting group L is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of halogens, tosylates, mesylates, and triflates R, Ri, R2, R3, R4, n, m, X, and Y are as described above Compounds of formula I are prepared by the following steps comprising: a. Coupling one equivalent of a compound of formula III with about 1 to 5 equivalents of an amine compound of formula II in its free form or as a salt or as a compound, wherein the amine is protected, in the presence of one or more bases, such as but are not limited to alkali metal hydrides like NaH and KH; organolithiums such as CH3O and BuLi; alkoxides like NaOMe,NaOEt, and KOtBu; tertiary amines like triethylamine and DBU; carbonates like potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and cesium carbonate. b. Said coupling is carried at a temperature ranging from about -5°C to about 120°C in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, DMSO etc. c. Said coupling is carried for 0.5 to 72 hours, preferably for 0.5 to 60 hours. d. Isolating the resulting compound of formula I.

The compounds of formula III can be prepared by methods found in the state of the art (WO 2003/002553, WO 00/034241, WO 98/19998, US 2005/0038020, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 1996, 6, 1163-66, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2003, 46, 2774-2789) Intermediate II can be obtained via a reaction sequence which is summarized in schemes II and III.

Scheme II: a.Esterification O a.F.C reaction r^l\ b.Ketoprotection b.Ring contraction \ J\ Oxidation l/\ c.Reduction I I\ 0—y OH ph ° COOH O HQ-J la lb Ic M Scheme II is described in the following steps comprising: la.Friedel Crafts reaction of benzene with 5-hydroxy adamantanone in presence of triflic acid over a period of about 1-4 h at reflux temperature to obtain 5-phenyl adamantan one. lb. Ring contraction of adamantanone to noradamantanone takes place in 2 steps first by converting to 2-methyl-5-phenyl adamantan-2-ol by Grignard reaction, wherein the Grignard reagent is selected from the group comprising methyl metal halides like CHsMgCl, CHjMgBr, CH3MgI followed by ring contraction in presence of an oxidizing agent in solvents like water, THF, benzene, or a combination of the said solvents followed by treatment with a base in a protic solvent such as water, alcohols to form lb. Preferred alcohols are C1-C4 alcohols and the base is selected from alkalis like NaOH and KOH. The oxidising agent may be selected from chlorine monoxide, hypochlorites like NaOCl or lead tetraacetate in the presence of iodine.

II. The phenyl group of compound lb is converted to a carboxylic acid group in the presence of an oxidizing agent like NaI04/RuCl3 at ambient temperature to form Ic.

III. The carboxylic group of compound Ic is converted to its alkyl ester, the keto group is 5 protected with an 1,2-diol such as 1,2-ethane diol or an 1,3-diol such as 1,3-propane diol in the presence of organic solvents like benzene or toluene at their reflux temperature using an acid catalyst such as p-TSA, CSA, and BF3 etherate. In the next step, the ester is reduced to the alcohol by a reducing agent such as LiAlHi, NaBH^ and DIBAL-H in an inert solvent like THF, ether, or mixtures thereof at a temperature of about 0°C to form Id.

Scheme III: .0 a.Alkylation b.Ring contraction CH, OAk O a.Oxidation b.Amination > II OH III la a.Benzylation b.Ring contraction a.Halogenation b.Deprotection OBn a. Oxidation b.Amination O c. Amine protection d.Debenzylation IV NHBoc OH V VI >- OAk NH2.HC1 Hal a.Deprotection NH2.HC1 OH Scheme III is described in the following steps: Ia. The hydroxy group of la, at 5th position is alkylated by an alkylating agent like alkyl halides (such as CH3I, CH^Br or isopropyl bromide) using strong bases such as NaH, KH, or NaOCH3 to form 5-hydroxy adamantanone; followed by ring contraction. lb. 5-alkoxy adamantanone is converted to 5-alkoxy noradamantyl ethanone by converting it to 2-methyl-5-alkoxy adamantan-2-ol by Grignard-reaction followed by ring contraction of adamantanone to noradamantane in the presence of an oxidizing agent in a solvent like water, THF, benzene, or a combination of such solvents followed by the treatment with a base in a protic solvent such as water, alcohols, or mixtures thereof to form 5-alkoxy noradamantyl ethanone.

Ha. The ethanone group in the compound obtained by step 1 is converted to a carboxylic acid by treatment with an oxidizing agent like hypobromites, hypochlorites (such as NaOBr, NaOCl), etc. at about 0°C followed by an amination step. lib. Conversion of the acid to an amine-function by treatment with an azide like NaN3 or nBu4NN3 under acidic conditions in the presence of solvents like CHCI3, CH2CI2, CH3CN at a temperature of about 35 to 50° C to obtain alkoxy noradamantylamines (1).

Ilia. In another route, the hydroxyl group of compound la is benzylated by reaction with benzylhalides like benzylbromide in a solvent (e.g., THF, DMF, NMP) at about 0°C for about 10-18 hrs to form benzyloxy adamantanone followed by ring contraction to form benzyloxy noradamantyl ethanone.

IV. The benzyloxy noradamantyl ethanone obtained in step III is converted to the corresponding acid by an oxidizing agent followed by an amination step (b).The amine thus formed is protected by conventional amine protecting groups like Boc, Cbz or Fmoc followed by debenzylation(d). The debenzylation is carried out in in a H2 atmosphere under Pd/C-catalysis in protic solvents like methanol, ethanol or IPA at room temperature for 1-3 hrs to form hydroxy noradamantyl amine, wherein the amine group is protected.

V.Halogenation of the hydroxyl group followed by deprotection of the amine of the com-5 pound obtained from step IVd yields a halosubstituted noradamantylamine in salt form 2.

VI. Deprotection of the amine of the compound obtained from IVd step yields a hydroxy-substituted noradamantylamine in salt form 3.

Thus obtained intermediate compounds 1,2, 3 are reacted with chloroacetylcyano pyrrolidines to form the corresponding final compounds according to Scheme I WO 2007/113634 PCT/IB2007/000830 Scheme IV a.Nitration b.Oxidation c.Amination Ph O lb VI a.Oxidation b.Amination NH, a. Amine protection b.Reduction II NH.P NO, X'(CH2)kY'X' NH, a.2,5dimethoxyTHF b.Deprotection IV a-XKCH^NCO \ v b.deprotection $r.

X1 = halojY1 = S02,C0; P=Boc, CBz, Fmoc; k= 1, 2, 3 Scheme IV is described by the following la. The phenyl group of compound lb (as obtained in schemel) is nitrated by a nitrating mixture in a conventional procedure by HNO3/H2SO4 at about 0°C. lb. The nitrophenyl noradamantyl ethanone obtained in step la is oxidized to convert the ethanone to the corresponding acid by an oxidizing agent followed by an amination step. Ic. The conversion of the acid to the amine is carried out by treatment with an azide like NaN3 or «-Bu4NN3 under acidic conditions in the presence of solvents like CHCI3, CH2CI2, or acetonitrile at a temperarure of about 35 to 50°C.

Ila. The amine group in the compound obtained from step I is protected by a conventional amine protecting group like Boc, Cbz, or Fmoc. lib. The nitro group is reduced to an amine by reducing agents such as Pd/C, Pd(OAc)2, Zn/ammonium formate, or Fe/NHjCl etc. in the presence of solvents like esters (e.g., ethyl acetate), alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol), THF, water or a combination thereof to form the phenyl amino compound (4).

III. The phenyl amino compound (4) obtained by step II is reacted with X1(CHa)nY1X1, wherein X1 is a halo group selected from F, CI, Br, I, Y1 is SO2 or CO, in the presence of an organic base like triethylamine or DBU and an inert solvent like THF, CH2CI2, acetonitrile, or DMF followed by cyclization in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides such as LiOH, NaOH, or KOH in water with phase transfer catalyst such as tetraalkylammonium halides (e.g., tetrabutyl ammoniumiodide) and deprotection of the amine protecting group to get the corresponding heterocycle substituted phenyl noradamantyl amine compound (5).

IV. In another method compound (2) obtained from step II is reacted with Xi(CH2)NCO in the presence of organic bases like triethylamine or DBU, a solvent like THF, CH2CI2, acetonitrile, DMF, or mixtures thereof; followed by cyclization to obtain the corresponding heterocycle substituted compound, which, by further amine deprotection, form the corresponding heterocycle substituted phenyl noradamantyl amine compounds (6).

V. In another method, the phenyl amino compound (2) obtained from step II is reacted with 2,5-dimethoxy tetrahydrofuran in glacial acetic acid at reflux temperature to form pyrrole substituted compounds, which, on further amine deprotection, form the corresponding pyrrole substituted phenyl noradamantyl amine compounds (7).

Vla. The ethanone group of the phenylnoradamantylethanone (lb) (as obtained in schemell) is converted to an acid-group by an oxidizing agent followed by an amination step.

VIb. Conversion of acid to amine by azides as described above, form the corresponding phenyl substituted noradamantylamine compounds (8).

The obtained intermediate amine compounds 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are reacted with chloroacetylcyano pyrrolidines to form the corresponding final compounds according to 10 Scheme I.

Scheme V a.Amination COOH O Ic nh2 O If b.Amine protection II NH.P O c.Oxidation d.Amination *■ III NH, NH.P X'(CH2)nY'X' c.Oxidation d.Amination NH, rv Y' Y1 Scheme V is described by the following: la. The carboxylic acid group of compound Ic (obtained via scheme II) is converted to the amine by treatment with an azide like NaN3 in an acidic medium or with diphenylphosphorylazide in the presence of organic bases like triethylamine, solvents like 20 benzene or toluene at reflux temperature.

Ilb. The amine group of compound If obtained from step I, is protected with a conventional amine protecting group like Boc, Cbz, or Fmoc, followed by an oxidation step.

IIIc. The oxidation of the compound obtained by step II is carried out by oxidizing agents to obtain a carboxylic acid derivative.

Hid. This carboxylic acid group of the compound obtained from step IIIc is converted to an amine by azide-treatement with e.g. NaN3 in an acidic medium or with 10 diphenylphosphorylazide in the presence of organic bases like triethylamine, in a solvent like benzene or toluene at reflux temperature followed by hydrolysis with a metal hydroxide such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH in water at room temperature to form the corresponding amine substituted noradamantylamine (9).

IV. The amino compound (If) obtained from step I is reacted with X1(CH2)nY1X1, wherein X1 is halogen and Y*is -SO2- or -CO- in the presence of organic bases like triethylamine and a solvent like THF or CH2CI2 followed by cyclization using alkalimetal hydroxides in water with a phase transfer catalyst such as tetrabutylammonium iodide to get the corresponding heterocycle substituted compounds with an ethanone group, which, 20 after oxidation and amination steps as described in IIIc and IHd, is converted to the corresponding heterocycle substituted noradamantylamines (10).

The obtained amine intermediate compounds 9, 10 are reacted with chloroacetylcyano pyrrolidines to form the corresponding final compounds according to Scheme I.

WO 2007/113634 PCT/IB2007/000830 Scheme VI: rv Benzylation BnO T Ig a.Deprotection b.Oxidation a. Amine protection C.amination b.Debenzylation >- Ih V VI HO a.Deprotection ^ b.Oxidation Q \ C.amination III R11 NH.P a.mesylation b.R" c.Deprotection VII NH, 11 .HC1 12 a.R11 b.Deprotection NH2TFA VIII R" 13 Scheme VI is described by the following: I. To yield compound Ie, the hydroxyl group of compound Id is transformed into a leaving group L by e.g. messylation, tosylation, or halogenation in the presence of an organic base like triethylamine, N,N-diisopropyl-ethylamine, pyridine, NMP, or N-methyl-morpholine at a temperature of about 0°C.

II. The leaving group L of Ie is replaced by Rugroup in the presence of a base and a solvent at a temperature of about 80-120°C to form Ii. The bases are selected from alkali carbonates or bicarbonates like Na2CC>3, NaHCC>3; K^CC^ or KHCO3. The solvents are 15 selected from dimethylformamide, DMSO, NMP, or similar.

Illa. The protected keto group of compound Ii obtained from step II is deprotected by, e.g., reaction with p-TSA in acetone at reflux temperature to form an ethanone compound. Illb. The ethanone compound is oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of an oxidizing agent, which may be selected from chlorine monoxide, 5 hypochlorites like NaOCl or lead tetraacetate in the presence of iodine.

IIIc. The carboxylic acid is converted to an amine by reaction with an azide like NaN3 under acidic conditions in the presence of solvents like CHCI3, CH2CI2, or acetonitrile at about 35 to 45°C to form the R11 substituted noradamantylamine (11).

IV. In another route, the hydroxyl group of Id as obtained from scheme II, is benzylated by reaction with benzylhalides like benzylbromide in solvents like THF, DMF, or NMP at about 0°C for about 10-18 hrs to form the keto protected benzyloxy noradamantane (Ig). Va. The protected keto group of compound Ig is deprotected to obtain the ethanone as 15 described in step Ilia.

Vb. The ethanone group of the benzyloxy noradamantylethanone compound is oxidized to yield the carboxylic acid as described in step Illb.

Vc. The carboxylic group of the compound obtained from step Vb is converted to an amine by reaction with diphenylphosphorylazide in the presence of organic bases like triethylamine, solvents like benzene, or toluene at reflux temperature followed by hydrolysis with metal hydroxides such as KOH, NaOH, or LiOH in water at room temperature to form benzyloxy noradamantylamine (Ih).

Via. The amine group of the compound Ih obtained from step Vc is protected by conventional amine protecting groups as described earlier followed by a debenzylation step.

VIb. The debenzylation is carried out in the presence of H2 atmosphere over Pd/C in protic solvents like methanol, ethanol, or IP A at room temperature for 1-3 hrs to form compound Ij.

Vila. The hydroxyl group of compound Ij is mesylated, tosylated, or halogenated to form a leaving group in the presence of organic bases like triethylamine, N,N-diisopropyl ethylamine, pyridine, N-methyl-piperidine, or N-methyl-morpholine at ambient temperature.

VIIb.The compound obtained from Vila is reacted with a R11 group in the presence of a base and a solvent at a temperature range of about 80-120°C. The bases are selected from alkali carbonates or bicarbonates like Na2CC>3, NaHC03i K^CC^ and KHCO3. Solvents are selected from DMF, DMSO, NMP etc.

VIIc. The protected amine group of the R11 substituted compound obtained from step Vllb is deprotected by conventional methods, e.g. by treatment with dry HC1 in solvents like EtOAc, ether, or 1,4-dioxane at a temperature between 0°C and room temperature to form a R11-substituted noradamantylamine as hydrochloride salt (12).

Villa. In another method, the hydroxyl group of Ij is reacted with the R11 group in the presence of triphenylphosphine, diisopropylazodicarboxylate, and an organic solvent like benzene, toluene, or THF at a temperature from about 20°C to about 110°C for about 2-6 hours to form the R1 ^substituted compound.

Vlllb. The protected amine group of the Rn-substituted compound obtained from step Villa is deprotected by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid in a solvent like CH2Cl2 or CHCI3 at about 0°C to form the R1 ^substituted noradamantanamine as a TFA salt (13).

The obtained intermediate compounds 11,12, 13 are reacted with chloroacetylcyano pyrrolidines to form the corresponding final compounds according to Scheme I.

Scheme VII: a.HydroxylamineHCl Scheme VII is described by the following: la. To form a leaving group L, the hydroxy group of compound Ij is mesylated, tosylated, or halogenated in the presence of organic bases like triethylamine, N,N-diisopropyl ethylamine, pyridine, N- methyl-piperidine, or N-methyl-morpholine at an ambient temperature. The compound obtained from la is reacted with a cyanating agent like NaCN in the presence of an aprotic solvent like DMF at 100-110°C for about 12-15 15 hrs to obtain a compound (Ik).

Ha. Compound Ik is reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form amidoxime, which upon reaction with trimethylorthoformate in the presence of a catalytic amount of camphor sulfonic acid. Final deprotection yields compound 14.

The obtained intermediate compound 14 is reacted with chloroacetylcyano pyrrolidines to form the corresponding final compounds according to Scheme I.

It is understood that in any of the above schemes any reactive group in the substrate 25 molecule may be protected according to any conventional procedure known in the prior art.

Suitable protecting groups comprise tertiarybutyidimethylsilyl, methoxymethyl, triphenyl methyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, THP etc. for the protection of hydroxyl or phenolic hydroxy groups; N-Boc, N-Cbz, N-Fmoc, and benzophenoneimine for the protection of amino or anilino groups; acetal protection for aldehydes, ketal protection for ketones. The methods 5 for the formation and removal of such protecting groups depend on the molecule to be protected which are known in the art.

Also as part of the invention, in carrying out the invention wherever there is a leaving group it may be selected from the group comprising halogens (like chlorine, bromine), o-10 toluene sulphonyl, o-methyl sulphonyl.

The stereoisomers of the compounds according to this invention may be prepared by using reactants in their single enantiomeric form in the process wherever possible or by conducting the reaction in the presence of reagents or catalysts in their single enantiomer 15 form or by resolving the mixture of stereoisomers by conventional methods. Some of the preferred methods include use of microbial resolution, resolving the diastereomeric salts formed with chiral acids such as mandelic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, or lactic acid wherever applicable or chiral bases such as brucine, cinchona alkaloids, or their derivatives.

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by reacting the compound of formula I with about 1 to 5 equivalents of bases such as alkalimetal hydroxides, alkalimetal alkoxides, calcium hydroxide, or magnesium hydroxide in protic or aprotic solvents like methanol, ethanol, propanol, IP A, ether, THF, dioxane etc. Alternatively, wherever 25 applicable acid addition salts are prepared by treatment with acids such as hydrohalic acids like HC1, HBr; nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid, methane sulphonic acid, acetic acid, or citric acid in solvents comprising at least one selected from ethyl acetate, ethers, alcohols, acetone, THF, dioxane, or mixtures thereof RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 Different polymorphs of a compound of general formula T of the present invention may be prepared by crystallization of the compound of formula 1 under different conditions. For example making use of commonly used solvents or their mixtures for recrystallization, crystallization at different temperature ranges, different cooling techniques like very fast to very slow cooling during crystallization, by exposing the compound to ambient temperature, by heating or melting it followed by gradual cooling etc. The presence of polymorphs may be determined by one or more methods like solid probe NMR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA, Powder X-Ray diffraction or 1R.

In another embodiment, the compounds may be purified by using techniques such as crystallization from solvents such as pentane, diethylether, isopropyl ether, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, water, or their combinations, or compound I may be purified by column chromatography using alumina or silica gel and eluting the column with solvents such as hexane, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethylacetate, acetone, methanol, or combinations thereof.

The present disclosure also includes pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds as defined above, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their bioisosters, their polymorphs, their enantiomers, their diastereomers, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in combination with suitable pharmaccutically acccptablc carriers or diluents. The pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention are useful as antidiabetics, hypolipidemics and antihypercholesterolemics.

Suitable pharmaccutically acccptablc earners include solid fillers, diluents, and sterile aqueous or organic solutions. The active ingredient will be present in such pharmaceutical compositions in amounts sufficient to provide the desired effect as described above. Thus, for oral administration, the compounds can be combined with a suitable solid or liquid carrier or a diluent to form e.g. capsules, tablets, powders, syrups, solutions, or RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 suspensions. The pharmaceutical compositions, may, if desired, contain additional components such as flavourants, sweeteners, or excipients.

The route of administration may be oral, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, subdcrmal, intradermal, transdermal, or parenteral e.g. rectal, depot, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraurethral, intramuscular, intranasal, as an ophthalmic solution or an ointment, which effectively transports the active compound of the present invention which inhibits the DPPIV enzymatic activity to the appropriate or desired site of action. For oral administration, if a solid carrier is used, the preparation may be in form of tablet, or may be placed in a hard gelatin capsulc in powder or pellet form, or it can be in form of a trochc or a lozenge. If a liquid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatin capsule, or a sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non aqueous liquid suspension or solution. For nasal administration a liquid carrier, in particular an aqueous carrier, is used as an aerosol application. For parenteral application, suitable compositions are injectable solutions or suspensions, preferably aqueous solutions.

A further aspect is the use of compounds of the invention as a pharmaceutical composition in a therapeutically cffcctivc amount for the treatment of metabolic disorders, blood glucose lowering, for the treatment of type II diabetes, for the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance, for the treatment of impaired fasting glucose, for the treatment of obesity, for the prevention of hyperglycemia, for the treatment of dislipidcmia, hypercholesteremia, and hypolipidemia.

The compounds of the present invention arc cffcctivc over a wide dosage range. For example in the treatment of humans, dosages may be about 0.05 to lOOOmg, and preferably about 0.1 to 500 mg per day. The exact dosage depends on the mode of administration, on the therapy required, the form in which the active ingredient is administered and the patient to be treated; the body weight of the subjcct to be treated and the preference and cxpcricncc of the physician in charge. Here, the subject is considered as a human being.

RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 The disclosure also encompasses prodrugs of compounds of the invention, which on administration undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming activc pharmacological substanccs. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of compounds of the invention, which are readily convertible in vivo into compounds of the invention.

The disclosure also encompasses the active metabolites of the compounds of the present invention.

Although some aspects of the examples provided herein may fall outside the scope of the claims, these serve to further illustrate the present invention and are retained for clarity and completeness.

Assay of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity The inhibition of proteolytic activity of DPP-TV was assayed by following the hydrolysis of Ala-Pro-7-amino-4-trifluoromcthylcoumarin (Ala-Pro-AFC) and fluoromctric quantitation of the liberated AFC. Human recombinant DPP-IV (expressed in insect Sf9 cells) was used for the assay. Test compounds were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Generally, the enzyme (about 20 ng/ml in 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0) was preincubated in the absence (1% DMSO) and presence of various concentrations of the test compounds for 15 min at 37°C. The reaction was initiated by the addition of 20 IM Ala-Pro-AFC and further incubated for 30 min at 37°C. The AFC liberated was measured in a spcctrofluoromctcr with excitation and emission wavelengths set at 400 nm and 510 nm, respectively. Results are expressed as percent inhibition of enzyme activity. A reference standard (a known inhibitor of DPP-IV) was always included in the assay.

The compounds of the present invention were found to inhibit DPPIV induced fluorescence with inhibitory constants in a range of about 0.5nM to 500nM .In a preferred range, the compounds of the present invention inhibited DPPIV induced fluorescence with inhibitory constants of about 0.1 nM to 300nM and in a more preferred range the 5 compounds of the present invention inhibited DPPIV induced fluorescence with inhibitory constants of about InM to 120nM.

As shown in the Table below, the examples exerted potent inhibition of DPP-IV.

Compound IC50 value in nM Compound IC50 value innM Example 1 8.1 Example 17 8.7 Example 2 2.8 Example 18 -30 Example 3 >300 Example 19 .4 Example 4 7 Example 20 Example 5 11 Example 21 64.5 Example 6 100 Example 22 Example 7 Example 23 11.9 Example 8 22 Example 24 100 Example 9 31.2 Example 25 100 Example 10 -30 Example 26 21.8 Example 11 Example 27 Example 12 Example 28 Example 13 300 Example 29 -30 Example 14 6.4 Example 30 -32.4 Example 15 4 Example 31 21.0 Example 16 0.95 Example 32 53.6 The following examples are provided to enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention and are merely illustrative of the invention but do not limit the scope of the 5 invention.

Preparation I 1 -(l-Phenyltricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]non-3-yl)ethanone Step I: Adamantanone (12 g, 80 mmol) was added under stirring to nitric acid (98%, 100 5 mL) at ice bath temperature over a period of 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 h and then heated to 60 °C, for 2 h until most of the nitrogen dioxide evaporated. Excess nitric acid was distilled off under reduced pressure. The light yellow oil solidified upon cooling (NO3 adduct of the hydroxyketone). Water (40 mL) and conc. H2SO4 (98%, 15 mL) were added. The resulting clear yellow solution was heated on 10 the steam bath in a hood (nitrous fumes) for 1 h. The solution was then cooled and extracted with a 2:1 mixture of n-hexane and diethylether to remove unreacted adamantanone (1.0 g). The acid layer was neutralized with 30% aq. NaOH solution, and while warm, extracted with chloroform. The extracts were combined, washed with brine solution, and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was dissolved in CH2CI2 (15 mL) 15 and hexane was added until no more precipitate was formed. The solid material was isolated by filtration and dried to get 5-hydroxy-adamantan~2-one. Yield: 9.0 g (70%). Solid; M.R: 278.8-300 °C (decomposes) m/z (M+l) 167; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 2.70-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.32 (m, IH), 2.11-1.93 (m, 10H). 13C NMR (CDC13) 75 MHz 8 217.0, 66.7, 46.7, 46.6, 44.7 (2C), 43.8, 37.9 (2C), 29.5.

Step II: To a stirred solution of compound 5-hydroxyadamantan-2-one (10.0 g, 60.2 mmol) in benzene (180 mL) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (5.3 mL, 60.2 mmol) over a period of 30 minutes at r.t. After stirring the reaction mixture for 5 minutes at r.t, it was refluxed for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and sat. aq. NaHC03 (76 mL) 25 was added over a period of 30 minutes. Two layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with ether and the combined layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 5-Phenyladamantan-2-one (10.5 g) as a white solid in 80% yield. M.R: 53.8-60.9 °C. m/z (M+l) 227; IR (cm'1): 2921,2853,1717, 1446, 1060, 758, 698. *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 5 7.37-7.30 (m, 4H), 7.26-7.19 (m, IH), 2.70-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.0 (m, 11H). 13C NMR (CDC13) 75 MHz 5 217.8, 147.8, 128.3 (2C), 126.1,124.6 (2C), 46.9 (2C), 44.3 (2C), 41.9, 35.9, 38.4 (2C), 28.0.

Step III: Freshly prepared methylmagnesium iodide in ether (1 M, 85 mL), was added 10 through a canola to 5-phenyladamantan-2-one (9.6 g, 42.5 mmol) obtained in step II, in THF (85 mL) at 0°C. After stirring at 0 °C for 0.5 h, the reaction mixture was quenched by adding sat. aq. NH4CI solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with diisopropylether. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SC>4, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure 15 to obtain 2-methyl-5-phenyl-adamantan-2-ol (9.9 g) as an off-white solid in 97% yield. M.R: 98-100.4 °C. m/z (M+23) 265; lB NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz S 7.42-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.24-7.18 (m, IH), 2.47-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.09 (m, 3H), 1.96-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.61-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDC13) 75 MHz 8 150.0, 128.1 (2C), 125.7, 124.8 (2C), 73.3, 44.0 (2C), 40.5 (2C), 39.6 (2C), 35.9, 32.0, 27.6.

Step IV: 2-Methyl-5-phenyl-adamantan-2-ol (20 g, 82.6 mmol) obtained in step III, (86 g, 355.4 mmol), dissolved in a mixture of AcOH (76.3 mL) and THF (360 mL) was added dropwise via an addition funnel to the ice bath cooled NaOCI (4%, 3.5 L) solution over a period of 15 minutes. Solid H-BU4NI (13.1 g, 35.6 mmol) was added and the reaction 25 mixture was stirred for 1.5 h. The two layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with diisopropylether and the combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methanol (165 mL), KOH (39.8 g, 300 mmol) was added, and the mixture was refluxed for 1 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to yield compound 1-(1-phenyltricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)ethanone (50.0 g) in 59% yield as viscous liquid, m/z (M+l) 241; IR (cm"1): 2924, 2867, 1697, 1445, 1356, 1223,757, 699. !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.38-7.19 (m, 5H), 2.86-2.80 (m, IH), 2.59-2.50 (m, IH), 2.32-2.25 (m, IH), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.10-1.99 (m, 4H), 1.90-1.79 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.71 (m, IH). 13C NMR (CDC13) 75 MHz 6, 211.7, 146.7, 128.2 (2C), 125.7 (2C), 124.7, 61.9, 50.2,49.0, 47.9, 45.7, 42.4, 42.3, 37.6, 26.4.

Step I: To a stirred mixture of l-(l-Phenyltricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)ethanone (8.0 g, 33.3 mmol) as obtained in preparation 1, carbontetrachloride (66 mL), acetonitrile (66 mL) 15 and water (100 mL), cooled to 0 °C, was added sodiumperiodate (31.9 g, 149 mmol) and ruthenium (III) chloride hydrate (0.44 g, 1.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with diisopropylether (100 mL) and stirred for 15 minutes to precipitate black RuC>2. The reaction mixture was then filtered through a pad of celite and the organic layer was 20 extracted with IN NaOH solution (3x25 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum to obtain unreacted starting material (3.04 g 12.67 mmol). The aqueous layer was acidified with conc. HC1 and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent 3 7 was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 3-acetyltricyclo [3.3.1.0 ' ]nonane-l-25 carboxylic acid (4.0 g) as off-white solid in 57% yield. M.R: 90-95.0 °C. m/z (M+l) 209.

Preparation 2 [3-(2-Methyl-1,3 -dioxolan-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7Jnon-1 -yljmethyl methanesulfonate MsO^ IR cm-1 2935, 1694, 1413, 1357, 974, 746. lK NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 2.77-2.73 (m, IH), 2.54-2.48 (m, IH), 2.44-2.34 (m, IH), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.18-2.09 (m, IH), 7.38-7.19 (m, 5H), 2.86-2.80 (m, IH), 2.59-2.50 (m, IH), 2.32-2.25 (m, IH), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.18-2.09 (m, IH), 2.06-1.74 (m, 7H), 1.73-1.61 (m, IH). I3C NMR (CDC13) 75 MHz 8 211.0, 181.3, 5 61.5, 50.3, 47.9, 45.9, 45.6, 42.6, 41.9, 36.8, 35.6, 26.4.

Step II: To 3-acetyltricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonane-l-carboxylic acid (2.4 g, 11.4 mmol) obtained in stepl, in MeOH (48 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature, was added acetyl chloride (1.64 mL, 22.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room 10 temperature and stirred for 2 h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain methyl 3-acetyltricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonane-l-carboxylate (2.4 g) in 93% yield as viscous liquid, m/z (M+l) 223. IR cm"1 2953, 1728, 1698, 1461,1234, 1078, 755. 'H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.75-2.70 (m, IH), 2.53-2.46 (m, IH), 2.40-2.32 (m, IH), 2.19 (s, 3H), 15 2.15-2.05 (m, IH), 2.03-1.60 (m, 8H). 13C NMR (CDCI3) 75 MHz 8 210.9, 175.3, 61.4, 53.4, 51.6, 50.5, 48.0, 45.9,45.6, 42.6, 41.9, 36.8, 35.9, 26.4.

Step III: A mixture of methyl 3-acetyltricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonane-l-carboxylate (2.0 g, 8.9 mmol) obtained in step II, 1,2-ethanediol (8.9 mL), />-TSA (47 mg, 5 mol%) and 20 benzene (36 mL) was refluxed using a Dean-Stark apparatus for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, 10% aq. NaHCC>3 (36 mL) was added, and the two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain methyl 3-(2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] 25 nonane-l-carboxylate (2.2 g) in 93% yield as viscous liquid, m/z (M+l) 267. IR cm-1 2954, 1731,1698,1460, 1236, 1046, 752. *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 4.07-3.94 (m, 4H), 3.66 (s 3H), 2.44-2.36 (m 2H), 2.27-2.18 (m, IH), 2.12-2.02 (m, IH), 1.94-1.81 (m, 8H), 1.30 (s, 3H).

Step IV: Methyl 3-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonane-1 -carboxylate (2.3 g, 8.64 mmol) obtained in step III, in THF (15 mL) was added slowly under N2 atmosphere through a dropping funnel to a suspension of LiAlH4 (0.32 g, 8.64 mmol) in 5 ether (15 mL) at ice bath temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes before being quenched by addition of sat. aq. NH4CI solution (9 mL), followed by IN NaOH solution (9 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes before it was filtered through a pad of celite. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 10 [3-(2-Methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl]methanol (1.9 g) in 94% yield as viscous liquid, m/z (M+l) 269; IR cm-1 3436, 2936, 1634, 1459, 1373, 1309, 1047, 757. *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 4.15-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.53 (s 3H), 2.50-2.30 (m 2H), 1.90-1.30 (m, 10H), 1.29 (s, 3H).

Step V: To a solution of [3-(2-Methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yljmethanol (2.0 g, 8.47 mmol) obtained in step IV, in THF (35 mL) at ice bath temperature, was sequentially added triethylamine (3.5 mL, 25.4 mmol), DMAP (52 mg, 0.42 mmol), and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.97 mL, 12.7 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture at the same temperature for 0.5 h, it was diluted with water and extracted 20 with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain title compound [3-(2-Methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl] methyl methane sulfonate (2.4 g) in 90% yield as viscous liquid, m/z (M+l) 317. IR cm-1 2954, 1461,1356, 1216, 1174, 1048, 756. *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 25 8 4.15-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.00 (s 3H), 2.44-2.36 (m 2H), 1.89-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.42 (m, 8H), 1.29 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDC13) 75 MHz 8 112.1, 76.3, 64.95, 64.9, 57.3, 46.6, 45.3, 44.9, 44.5, 42.9, 39.8, 36.9, 36.7, 36.3,20.

Preparation 3 {3-[(ferZ-butoxy carbonyl) amino] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl}methylmethanesulfonate Step I: To a suspension of NaH (60% dispersed in nujol, 3.36 g, 21 mmol) in THF (84 mL) 5 cooled to ice bath temperature was added a solution of [3-(2-Methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)tricycle [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl]methanol (10.0 g, 42.0 mmol) (as obtained in preparation 2 step IV) in THF (84 mL) via a syringe over a period of 30 minutes. After stirring the reaction mixture for 30 minutes at room temperature, 7?Bu4NI (0.37 g, 1.0 mmol) was sequentially added; followed by benzylbromide (5.0 mL, 42.0 mmol). The reaction mixture 10 was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h until TLC revealed completion of the reaction. After cooling the reaction mixture to ice bath temperature, excess NaH was quenched by adding sat. aq NH4CI solution. The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced 15 pressure to obtain a crude reaction mass, which was purified by column chromatography to yield 2-[l-(benzyloxymethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl]-2-methyl-l,3-dioxolane (11.0 g) as viscous liquid in 80 % yield, m/z (M+l) 329; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.38-7.22 (m, 5H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.02-3.92 (m, 4H), 3.24 (s, 2H), 2.38-2.30 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.39 (m, 4H), 1.27 (s, 3H).

Step II; A mixture of 2-[l-(benzyloxymethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl]-2-methyl-l,3-dioxolane (2.6 g, 7.9 mmol), p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.3 g, 1.6 mmol), and acetone (31.6 mL) was refluxed for 4 h. The volatiles were removed under vacuum and the residue was diluted with EtOAc, washed with 10% aq. NaHCOs and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the 25 solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 1 - {1 -[(benzyloxy) methyl]tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl}ethanone (2.1 g) as a viscous liquid in 93% yield, m/z (M+l) 285; *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 6 7.40-7.22 (m, 5H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.27 (s, 2H), 2.70-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.16 (s, 2H), 2.0-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.56 (m, 7H), 1.50 (dd, J = 3.0,11.0 Hz, IH).

Step III: To a mixture of NaOH (30.6 g, 765 mmol), H2O (255 mL) and 1,4 dioxane (51 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (15.2 mL, 285.6 mmol) and stirred for 15 minutes. This hypobromite solution was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 1-{1-[(benzyloxy) methyl] tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl}ethanone (14.5 g, 51.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (51 mL) at ice bath temperature. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to 10 r.t. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature and quenched by adding AcOH (46.7 mL, 765 mmol). The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1-[(benzyloxy)methyl]tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid (8.0 g) as white solid in 15 55% yield, m/z (M-l), 285; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 6 7.40-7.22 (m, 5H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.27 (s, 2H), 2.70-2.62 (m, IH), 3.47-3.38 (m, IH), 2.16 (s, 2H), 2.12-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.55 (m, 7H), 1.50 (dd, J=3.0, 11.0 Hz, IH).

Step IV: To a stirred mixture of l-[(benzyloxy)methyl]tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonane-3-20 carboxylic acid (1.8 g, 6.3 mmol) obtained in step III, triethylamine (2.6 mL, 18.9 mmol) and toluene (25 mL) at ice bath temperature was added diphenylphosphoryl azide (1.5 mL, 6.93 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to r.t, stirred for one hour, and then refluxed for 4 h. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and washed with water. The organic layer was stirred with aq. KOH 25 solution (50% w/v, 12.6 mL), and «Bu4NI (120 mg, 0.32 mmol) for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature, acidified with 2N KHSO4 to pH 2, extracted with ether, the aqueous layer was basified with aq. NaOH solution (50% w/v) and extracted with chloroform. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SC>4 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 1-[(benzyloxy) o 7 methyl] tricyclo[3.3.1.0 ' ]nonan-3-amine (0.82 g) as viscous liquid in 51% yield, m/z (M+l) 258; XH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.37-7.24 (m, 5H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.24 (s, 2H), 2.37-2.29 (m, IH), 2.0-1.81 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.70 (m, IH), 1.70-1.45 (m, 7H), 1.40 (dd, J = 5 2.9,10.7 Hz, IH).

Step V: To a stirred solution of l-[(benzyloxy)methyl]tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine (0.82 g, 3.2 mmol) obtained in step IV in dichloromethane (13 mL) at ice bath temperature was added EtaN (0.67 mL, 4.8 mmol) and ditertiary butyldicarbonate (0.77 g, 3.5 mmol). 10 After stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for 1 h, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain ter/-butyl [1-(benzyloxy methyl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl]carbamate as a viscous liquid (1.0 g) in 88% yield, m/z (M+l) 358; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.37-7.24 (m, 5H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.25 (s, 2H), 2.48-2.38 (m, IH), 2.37-2.30 (m, IH), 2.10-1.87 (m, 2H), 15 1.82-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.39 (m, 6H), 1.44 (s, 9H). <5 n Step VI: To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl [l-(benzyloxymethyl) tricyclo[3.3.1.0 ' ]non-3-yl] carbamate (1.0 g, 2.8 mmol) obtained in stepV in MeOH (11 mL), Pd/C (10%, 0.2 g) was added. The H2 pressure was then applied with the balloon for 2 h. The reaction 20 mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain tertAmiyl [l-(hydroxymethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]non-3-yl]carbamate as a viscous liquid (0.7g) in 95% yield, m/z (M+l) 268; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.74 (s (br), IH), 3.45 (s, 2H), 2.50-2.40 (m, IH), 2.40-2.33 (m, IH), 2.05-1.87 (m, 4H), 1.80 (dd, J= 2.4,10.3 Hz, IH), 1.65 (dd, J= 3.0,10.0 Hz, IH), 1.54-1.40 (m, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.37 25 (dd, ./= 3.1,10.0 Hz, 1H).

Step VII: To a stirred solution of fert-butyl [l-(hydroxymethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl]carbamate (0.65 g, 2.45 mmol) obtained in step VI in THF (10 mL) at ice bath temperature, was sequentially added Et3N (1.0 mL, 7.35 mmol), DMAP (20 mg, 0.16 mmol), and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.29 mL, 3.7 mmol). After stirring the reaction at the same temperature for 0.5 h, it was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers wer washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was 5 removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain title compound {3-[(fe/Y-butoxy carbonyl) amino] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl}methyl methane sulfonate as a viscous liquid (0.84 g) in 100% yield, m/z (M+l) 358; ]H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.76 (s (br), IH), 4.02 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.54-2.44 (m, IH), 2.42-2.35 (m, IH), 2.20-1.87 (m, 4H), 1.82 (dd, J= 2.2, 10 10.5 Hz, IH), 1.76-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.48 (m, IH), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Preparation 4 Benzyl [2-(4-aminophenyI) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentaIene-3 a( 1 H)-yl]carbamate Step I: Nitration mixture (1 mL) [the nitration mixture was prepared by mixing of 10.5 g of nitric acid (d 1.375 at 22 °C), 180.0 g of conc. sulphuric acid (d 1.84 at 22 °C), and 16 g of 3 7 H2O) was added drop wise to a stirred solution of l-(l-phenyltricyclo[3.3.1.0 ' ]non-3-yl)ethanone (240 mg, 1.0 mmol) obtained in preparation 1, in nitromethane (4 mL) at 0 °C. 20 After stirring for 2 h, the reaction mixture was poured into ice cold water and extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over Na2S04. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain l-[l-(4-nitrophenyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]non-3-yl] ethanone as an off-white solid (250 mg) in 88% yield. M.R: 61.3-66.6 °C m/z (M+l) 286; NHCBz NH, IR cm-1 2953, 1697, 1598, 1519, 1217,1110, 852, 768. !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 8.17 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.87-2.80 (m, IH), 2.61-2.55 (m, IH), 2.34-2.26 (m, IH), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.13-1.98 (m, 4H), 1.90-1.71 (m, 5H).

Step II: To a stirred solution of NaOH (6.3 g, 158.0 mmol), H2O (54.0 mL) and 1,4 dioxane (7 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (3.2 mL, 59.0 mmol) and stirred for 5 minutes. The formed hypobromite solution was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 1-[l-(4-nitrophenyl) tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl]ethanone (3.0 g, 10.53 mmol) obtained in step I, in 1,4-dioxane (14 mL) at ice bath temperature. The reaction mixture was gradually 10 wanned to r.t. and after 1 h, it was cooled to ice bath temperature and acidified with conc. HC1, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain l-(4-nitrophenyl)tricyc!o [3.3.1.0 ' ] nonane-3-carboxylic acid (2.27 g) in 75% yield as off-white solid; M.R: 145-150 °C m/z (M-l) 286; IR cm"1 3437, 2945, 15 1693,1596, 1511,1408, 1352,946,839,749. 'HNMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 5 8.16 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.96-2.88 (m, IH), 2.59-2.52 (m, IH), 2.44-2.33 (m, IH), 2.23-2.03 (m, 4H), 2.02-1.68 (m, 5H).

Step III: To the stirred solution of l-(4-nitrophenyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonane-3-carboxylic 20 acid (3.0 g, 10.45 mmol) obtained in step II, in CHCI3 (21 mL) was added conc. H2SO4 (4.2 mL, 78.9 mmol) then solid NaN? was added in portions, so that the temperature of the reaction did not rise above 40°C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 45°C and after stirring for 2 h it was cooled again to ice bath temperature, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was basified with 50% NaOH solution and extracted with 25 CHCI3. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain l-(4-nitrophenyl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonan-3-amine as an off-white solid (2.0 g) in 74% yield. M.R: 201.0-205.9 °C m/z (M+l) 259; IR cm-1 3435, 2941,1643, 1596, 1518, 1400, 1349, 1013,750. *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 8.14 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.70-3.60 (d (br), 2H), 2.62-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.23 (m, 3H), 2.15-2.0 (m, 3H), 1.95-1.60 (m, 4H).

Step IV: To a stirred mixture of l-(4-nitrophenyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine (2.0 g, 5 8.0 mmol) obtained in step III, K2CO3 (3.5 g, 24 mmol) in THF (80 mL), cooled to ice-bath temperature was added benzylchloroformate (50% w/v in Toluene, 2.2 mL, 12 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture at r.t for 2 h, it was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain benzyl [2-(4-nitrophenyl) 10 hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen~3a(lH)~yl] carbamate as an off-white solid (2.1 g) in 70% yield. M.R: 104.1-105.9 °C; m/z (M+l) 393; IR cm-1 3440, 2952, 1714, 1518, 1349, 1216, 757; *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 5 8.12 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.50-7.27 (m, 7H), 5.20-5.0 (s (br), 2H), 2.65-2.55 (m, IH), 2.50-1.55 (m, 11H). 13C NMR (CDC13) 75 MHz 8 155.1,154.2, 146.1,136.4, 131.1,128.5 (2C), 128.1 (2C), 126.6 (2C), 123.4 (2C), 66.3, 64.4, 15 49.248.0,47.5, 43.8, 42.1,40.8, 37.0.

Step V: To a stirred solution of benzyl[2-(4-nitrophenyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a( 1 H)-yl]carbamate (1.0 g, 2.55 mmol) as obtained in step IV in a 1:2:4 mixture of water, THF, and ethanol respectively (10 mL) was added solid NH4CI (0.5 g, 9.3 mmol) and Fe 20 powder (0.5 g, 9.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through a small pad of celite. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain benzyl 25 [2-(4-aminophenyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalene-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate as off-white solid (0.75 g) in 81% yield, m/z (M+l) 363; IR cm-1 3441,2950, 1715, 1517, 1346, 1216, 756. *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.45-7.05 (m, 9H), 5.20-5.0 (s (br), 2H), 2.65-2.50 (m, IH), 2.50-2.40 (m, IH), 2.36-1.57 (m, 10H).

Preparation 5 (25, 45)-1 -(chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile F CN Step I: To a stirred solution of (2S, 4i?)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (13.1 g, 0.1 mol) in methanol (400 mL) cooled to 0°C was added acetyl chloride (14.3 mL, 0.2 mol) over a period of 30 min. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with ether several times to get methyl (25,4i?)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-10 carboxylate hydrochloride salt as a white powder (14.5 g) in 100% yield, m/z (M+l) 145; !H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz 8 5.7-5.5 (s (br), IH), 4.55-4.35 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.35 (d, J= 12 Hz IH), 3.10 (d, J= 12 Hz IH), 2.25-2.0 (m, 2H).

Step II: To a stirred suspension of the hydrochloride salt obtained in step I (14.5 g, 0.1 15 mol) in CH2CI2 (400 mL) cooled to 0°C was added EtsN (28 mL, 0.2 mol), DMAP (0.61 g, 5 mmol), and Boc anhydride (27.5 mL, 0.12 mol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The solvent was then removed under vacuum and ether was added to the residual solid. The solid was filtered through a sintered funnel and washed thoroughly with ether. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced 20 pressure. The residue was dissolved in CH2CI2 and washed with sat. NaCl and sat. NaHCOs followed by drying over anhydrous Na2SC>4. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain light yellow oil which solidified under high vacuum. The resulting solid was triturated several times with hexanes. The solid was dried under high vacuum yielding 1 -fc/t-butyl 2-methyl (2S, 4i?)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-l,2-dicarboxylate as 25 a white solid (24.5 g) in 100% yield. (M+l) 245; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.54-4.37 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.0 (m, IH), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 6H).

Step III: To a stirred solution of compound obtained in step II (24.5 g, 0.1 mol) in 1,2-5 dichloroethane (300 mL) cooled to -10°C was added diethylaminosulfur trifaoride (19.7 mL, 0.15 mol) over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 1 h then at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by adding mixture of crushed ice (300 g) and solid NaHC03 (25.2 g, 0.3 mol). The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The 10 combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous NaaSO^ and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1-te/t-butyl 2-methyl (2S,4S)-4~ fluoropyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate as a viscous liquid (24. 7 g) in 100% yield. [a]D-53.3, (c, 1.0, CHC13). m/z (M+l) 248; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 5.20 (ddd, 3.8, 3.8, 49.1 Hz, IH), 4.55 (d, J= 9.5 Hz, V2 H), 4.42 (d, J= 8.9 Hz, & H), 3.90-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 15 3H), 2.55-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 6H).

Step IV: To the stirred solution of 1 -fer/-butyl-2-methyl (2£,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate (24.7 g, 0.1 mol) obtained in step III in THF (200 mL) cooled to 0°C was added a solution of LiOH (3.6 g, 0.15 mol) in water (200 mL) over aperiod of 30 min. The 20 reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 12 h until the TLC reveals completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, ether, and two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was acidified with conc. HC1 and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous NaaSO^ and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain (2S, 25 45)-l-(fer£-butoxycarbonyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid as an off white solid (21 g) in 90% yield. [a]D, -65.7 (c, 1.0, CHC13); m/z (M-l) 232; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 5.22 (ddd, J= 3.8, 3.8, 52.3 Hz, IH), 4.60-4.40 (m, IH), 3.95-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.6-1.35 (m, 9H).

Step V: To a stirred solution of acid obtained in step IV (17.3 g, 0.074 mol) in acetonitrile (220 mL) at room temperature was added pyridine (6.6 mL, 0.082 mol), Boc anhydride (20 mL, 0.089 mol). After 1 h, solid NH4HCO3 (9.4 g, 0.12 mol) was added and the 5 reaction mixture was stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with a mixture (1:1 by v/v) of brine and IN HC1. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under vacuum to obtain tert-butyl (2S, 4,S)-2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (17 g) as a viscous liquid. The product was used for the next reaction without further purification, m/z (M+l) 233; JH 10 NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 6.70-6.60 (s (br), Vi H), 6.30-6.10 (s (br), H H), 5.50-5.40 (s (br), IH), 5.22 (ddd, J = 3.4, 3.4, 52.0 Hz, IH), 4.50-4.30 (m, IH), 3.95-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H).

Step VI: To a stirred solution of the amide obtained in the previous step (17.9 g, 0.077 15 mol) in EtOAc (35 mL) at 0°C was added dry HC1 in EtOAc (4 N, 225 mL) over a period of 30 min. After stirring at 0°C for 1 h the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with ether several times to obtain (25',45)-4-fluoro pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide, hydrochloride salt as an off-white powder (12 g) in 92% yield, m/z (M+l) 133; !H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz 8 10.60-10.30 (s (br), Vi H), 8.90-8.60 (s 20 (br), 14 H), 8.10 (s (br), IH), 7.72 (s (br), IH), 5.38 (ddd, J= 3.7, 3.7, 52.4 Hz, IH), 4.32 (d, J= 10.5 Hz IH), 4.28 (d, J= 10.4 Hz IH), 3.64-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.50 (m, IH), 2.41-2.24 (m, IH).

Step VII: To a stirred suspension of hydrochloride salt as obtained in step VI (12 g, 0.071 25 mol) in dichloromethane (140 mL) cooled to 0°C was added EtsN (30 mL, 0.213 mol), chloroacetyl chloride (8.1 mL, 0.107 mol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mass was filtered through a sintered funnel, washed the salt bed with ether and the filtrate was evaporated under vacuum to obtain a crude product (2S, 45)-1 -(chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (14.8 g) as a viscous liquid in 3:1 mixture of rotomers. m/z (M+l) 209; *H NMR (DMSO-dg) 300 MHz 5 7.26 (s (br), % H), 7.04 (s (br), Vk H), 5.34 (d, J= 52.5 Hz, 0.8H), 5.25 (d, J= 53.0 Hz, 0.2H), 4.58-4.30 (m, 3H), 3.90-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.20 (m, 2H).

Step VIII: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in step VII (14.7 g, 0.07 mol) in dry THF (140 mL) under N2 atmosphere at 0°C was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (15 mL, 0.107 mol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 1 h. Water was added and the two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with 10 EtOAc and the combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain crude product, which was purified by column chromatography to yield (2S,4S)-1 -(chloroacetyl)-4-fhioropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as a tan solid (8.7 g) in 64% yield (3:1 mixture of two rotomers). [<x]D, -51.0 (c, 1.0, CHC13); IR cm-1 3031,3007, 2962, 2241,1679, 1407, 1280, 15 12225, 1076, 860; m/z (M+l), 191; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 5.45 (ddd, J= 3.4, 3.4, 51.3 Hz, 0.8 H), 5.37 (ddd,J= 3.4, 3.4, 51.0 Hz, 0.2 H), 5.06 (d, J= 8.9 Hz, 0.2 H), 4.95 (d, 9.3 Hz, 0.8 H), 4.30-3.55 (m, 2 H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 2.65-2.55 (m, IH), 2.50-2.25 (m, IH).

Preparation 6 (2S,4R)-1 -(2-chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile / CI CN The compound (25,4i?)-l-(2-chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile is synthesized 5 from (2S,4S)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid using the same sequence of steps and procedures as outlined above for (2S,4S)-1 -(2-chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile starting from (2S,4i?)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid. (2S,4R)-l-(2-chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile: Solid, 4:1 mixture of two rotomers; m/z (M+l) 191; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 6 5.38 (d (br), J = 51.3 Hz, 0.8 H), 5.33 (d (t), J = 51.0 Hz, 0.2 H), 5.02 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 0.2 H), 4.72 (d, 8.5 Hz, 0.8 H), 4.40-3.30 (m, 2 H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 3.0-2.65 (m, IH), 2.62-2.40 (m, IH).

Step I: To a stirred solution of 40% aq. formaldehyde (40 mL) at 0°C was added in portions solid L-cystein (12.1 g, 0.1 mol) over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h, after which the reaction mixture was filtered through a sintered 20 funnel. The solids were washed with absolute ethanol then with diethyl ether. The solids were dried under high vacuum to obtain (4/?)-l,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (12.5 g) in 94% yield. M.R, 215-217°C; m/z (M+l) 134; IR cm-1 3429, 3049, 2357, 1629, 1463, Preparation 7 (4R)-3-(chloroacetyl)-1,3 -thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile O NC 1383, 1343, 1014, 862; *H NMR (D20) 300 MHz 5 4.40-4.30 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.18(m, 2H).

Step II: To a stirred mixture of the compound obtained in step I (13.3 g, O.lmol) in 5 acetonitrile (400 mL) cooled to 0°C, was added pyridine (20.1 mL, 0.22 mol) and Boc-anhydride (58 mL, 0.24 mol). After stirring the reaction mixture for 1 h at room temperature, solid NH4HCO3 (11.8 g, 0.15 mol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for another 2h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethylacetate and 1:1 mixture of 2N HC1 and brine solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethylacetate, 10 the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SC>4, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain te/t-butyl (4i?)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-l,3-thiazolidine-3-carboxylate (23 g) as a gummy liquid quantitatively. The product was used in the next reaction without further purification, m/z (M+l) 233; IR cm-1 3334, 2978, 2932, 1682, 1392, 1163,763; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 5.70-5.50 (s (br), IH), 4.80-15 4.60 (m, 2H), 4.48-4.30 (m, IH), 3.50-3.10 (m, 2H).

Step III: To a stirred solution of tenf-butyl (4i?)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-1,3 -thiazolidine-3 -carboxylate (23 g, 0.1 mol) in ethylacetate (50 mL) at 0°C was added dry HC1 in ethylacetate (3.5 N, 250 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 20 h, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with ethylacetate several times to obtain (4i?)-l,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide hydrochloride salt as an off-white powder (16.5 g) quantitatively. M.R, 201.8-203.9 °C; m/z (M+l), 133; IR cm-1 3387, 3250, 3189, 2857, 1706, 1675, 1612, 1371,1123, 894; *H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz 8 10.30-9.60 (s (br), % H), 8.10 (s (br), K H), 7.77 (s (br), IH), 4.40 (t, J= 7.0 25 Hz, IH), 4.31 (d, J= 9.6 Hz, IH), 4.25 (d, J= 9.6 Hz, IH), 3.50-3.30 (m, IH), 3.15 (dd, J = 7.0,11.7 Hz, IH).

Step IV: To a stirred suspension of the hydrochloride salt obtained in step III (16.5 g, 0.1 mol) in dichloromethane (200 mL) cooled to 0°C were added Et3N (41 mL, 0.3 mol) and chloroacetyl chloride (8.8 mL, 0.11 mol). The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mass was filtered through a sintered 5 funnel, the salt bed was washed with ether, and the filtrate was evaporated under vacuum to obtain the crude product (4i?)-3-(chloroacetyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide (20.8 g) as viscous liquid, which was used in the next step without further purification, m/z (M+l) 209; IR cm-1 3418, 2925, 1736, 1667, 1416, 1219, 771; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 6 6.60-6.30 (s (br), K H), 6.0-5.65 (s (br), Vi H), 5.02 (dd, J= 3.6, 6.9 Hz, 0.8H), 4.88-4.75 10 (m, 0.4H), 4.70 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 0.8H), 4.62 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 0.8H), 4.51 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 0.2H), 4.16 (s, 1.6H), 4.11 (s, 0.4H), 3.56 (dd, J = 3.4, 11.8 Hz, 0.8H), 3.44 (dd, J = 4.7, 8.0 Hz, 0.4H), 3.15 (dd, J= 7.1,11.8 Hz, 0.8H), 1.28 (s, 1.6H), 1.25 (s, 7.4H).

Step V: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in step IV (20.7 g, 0.1 mol) in dry 15 THF (200 mL) under N2 atmosphere at 0°C was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (21 mL, 0.15 mol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and the two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2S04. The solvent was evaporated under reduced 20 pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography to yield (4i?)-3-(chloroacetyl)-l,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile (10.0 g) as off-white solid in 53% yield. [a]D, -147.24 (c, 0.5, CHC13); M.R, 85.9-87.3 °C; m/z (M+l) 191; IR cm-1 2982, 2936, 2245, 1679, 1666, 1393, 1284, 1261, 984, 788; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 5.29 (t, J= 4.3 Hz), 4.72 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, IH), 4.66 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, IH), 3.45-3.30 (m, 2H).

Preparation 8 tert-Butyl(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.0.3'7]non-l -yl)carbamate NHBOC Step I; To a solution of the carboxylic acid obtained in preparation 2 step I (2.7 g, 12.9 mmol) in toluene (52 mL) at ice bath temperature Et3N (5.8 mL, 38.7 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (3.3 mL, 15.5 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was 10 gradually warmed to room temperature, stirred for one hour, and refluxed for 4 h. Upon cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and washed once with water. The organic layer was transferred to an RB flask cooled to ice bath temperature and aq. KOH solution (50% w/v, 26 mL) and nBu^NI (476 mg, 1.29 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion 15 of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature, acidified to pH 2 with conc. HC1, extracted once with ether, the aqueous layer was basified with aq. NaOH solution (50% w/v), and extracted with chloroform. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the amino compound l-(l-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl]ethanone as a viscous 20 liquid (1.3 g) in 56% yield, m/z (M+l) 180; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 2.68-2.61 (m, IH), 2.49-2.43 (m, IH), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.05 (ddd, 7= 2.3, 2.3, 10.6 Hz, IH), 1.95-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.43 (m, 6H).

Step II: To a stirred solution of the amino compound obtained in step I (1.3 g, 7.26 mmol) 25 in dichloromethane (29 mL) at ice bath temperature Et3N (2 mL, 14.5 mmol), Boc anhydride (2.1 mL, 8.7 mmol), and DMAP (44 mg, 0.36 mmol) were added. After stirring for 1 h at r.t, the solvent was removed under reduce pressure and the crude reaction mass was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-butyl (3-acetyl tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-l-yl) carbamate (1.8 g) as a viscous liquid in 90 % yield, m/z (M+l) 280; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.73 (s (br), IH), 2.72-2.64 (m, IH), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.10-1.78 (m, 8H), 5 1.78-1.1.68 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H).

Step III: To a mixture of NaOH (1.32 g, 33.0 mmol), H2O (8.8 mL), and 1,4 dioxane (2 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (0.6 mL, 12.3 mmol) and stirred for 5 minutes. The resulting hypobromite solution was added dropwise to a stirred solution of the 10 compound obtained in step II (0.6 g, 2.2 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2.4 mL) at around 10°C. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t, stirred for 1 h, then cooled to 0 °C and quenched by adding acetic acid (2 mL, 36.3 mmol). The mixture was diluted with water and extracted in EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain \-[(tert-15 butoxycarbonyl) amino] tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid (0.54 g) as a viscous liquid in 87% yield, m/z (M-l) 280; lH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 4.75 (s (br), IH), 2.78-2.60 (m, IH), 2.47-2.40 (m, IH), 2.33-2.22 (m, IH), 2.18-1.72 (m, 8H), 1.62-1.53 (m, IH), 1.43 (s, 9H).

Step IV: To a solution of the acid (0.55 g, 1.95 mmol) obtained in step III in toluene (8 mL) at ice bath temperature Et3N (1.2 mL, 8.8 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (0.5 mL, 2.3 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t., stirred for one hour, and then refluxed for 4 h. Upon cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and washed once with water. The organic 25 layer was transferred to a RB flask cooled to ice bath temperature and an aq. KOH solution (50% w/v, 4 mL) and HBU4NI (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature, acidified to pH 2 with conc. HC1, extracted once with ether, and the aqueous layer was basified with aq. NaOH solution (50% w/v) and extracted with chloroform. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous NaoS04 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound tert-butyl(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.0.3'7]non-l-yl)carbamate as a viscous liquid (0.3 g) in 60% yield, m/z (M+l) 253; JH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 2.35-2.28 (m, IH), 2.20-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.78-1.53 (m, 5H), 1.52-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.43 (s, 9H).

Step I: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained by preparation 8 step I (0.9 g, 5.0 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at 0°C, Et3N (2.1 mL, 15 mmol) and 4-chloro butyroyl chloride (1.02 g, 7.5 mmol) were added. After stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for 1 h, an aqueous solution of NaOH (50%, 10 mL) was added drop-wise followed by 15 addition of 77-BU4NI (182 mg, 10 mol %). After stirring the reaction mixture for 16 h, it was diluted with water and extracted in EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain l-(3-acetyltricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one as viscous liquid (1.0 g) in 81% yield, m/z (M+l) 20 248; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.42 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.72-2.66 (m, IH), 2.51-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.32 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.28-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.10-1.87 (m, 5H), 1.81-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.60 (m, 2H).

Step II: To a stirred mixture of NaOH (2.4 g, 60.6 mmol), H2O (16 mL) and 1,4 dioxane (4 25 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (1.13 mL, 22.6 mmol) and stirred for 5 minutes.

Preparation 9 1 -(3 -aminotricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-1 -yl)pyrrolidin-2-one The resulting hypobromite solution was added dropwise to a stirred solution of the compound obtained in step I (1.0 g, 4.04 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (18 mL) at 10°C. The temperature of the reaction was brought to room temperature and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. Then it was cooled to ice bath temperature and quenched by adding acetic 5 acid (3.9 mL, 65.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, and the combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over Na2S04. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1-(2-oxopyrrolidin-l-yl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid as a viscous liquid (1.3 g) in 100% yield, m/z (M+l) 250; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 3.42 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.78-2.71 (m, IH), 10 2.47-2.23 (m, 6H), 2.08-1.90 (m, 6H), 1.85-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.62 (dd,/= 2.4, 11.0 Hz, IH).

Step III: To a stirred solution of the acid obtained in step II (0.5 g, 2.0 mmol) in CHCI3 (21 mL) at room temperature was added conc. H2SO4 (1.0 mL, 20 mmol) followed by NaN3 (0.39 g, 6.0 mmol) in portions over a period of 30 min., so that the temperature of 15 the reaction did not rise above 40°C. The reaction was warmed to 45°C and stirred for 2 h, then cooled to ice bath temperature, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was basified by adding 50% NaOH solution and extracted with CHCI3. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain l-(3-aminotricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-l-yl) 20 pyrrolidin-2-one as an off-white solid (0.25 g) in 74% yield, m/z (M+l) 221; JH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 3.41 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (dd, J= 2.4,10.3 Hz, IH), 2.38-2.28 (m, IH), 2.30 (t, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.16-1.82 (m, 9H), 1.78 (dd/= 2.6, 10.8 Hz, IH), 1.66-1.58 (m, IH), 1.51 (dd, J=2.5,10.8 Hz, IH).

Preparation 10 1 -(1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine Step I: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from the preparation 8 step I (1.0 g, 5 5.6 mmol) in THF (23 mL) at 0°C was added Et3N (1.2 mL, 8.4 mmol), followed by the addition of 4-chlorobutyrylchloride (1.02 g, 7.5 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture at r.t for 1 h, an aqueous NaOH solution (50%w/v, 11 mL) was added; followed by the addition of n-Bu4NI (182 mg, 0.56 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed 10 with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain l-[l-(l,l-di oxido isothiazolidin-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7] non-3-yl] ethanone as a viscous liquid (1.0 g) in 61% yield, m/z (M+l) 284; JH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 3.37 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (t,J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.76-2.69 (m, IH), 2.53-2.47 (m, IH), 2.39-2.26 (m, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.22-15 2.07 (m, 4H), 2.20 (dd, J= 3.2, 11.0 Hz, IH), 1.96-1.89 (m, IH), 1.78-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.61 (dd, J=2.7,11.0 Hz, IH).

Step II: To a stirred mixture of NaOH (2.1 g, 53.0 mmol), H2O (14 mL), and 1,4 dioxane (4 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (1.0 mL, 19.8 mmol) and the mixture was 20 stirred for 5 minutes. Thus formed hypobromite solution was added drop-wise to a stirred solution of the compound obtained in step I (1.0 g, 3.53 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (7 mL) at 10°C. The temperature of the reaction was gradually brought to room temperature and the reaction was stirred for 1 h, then it was cooled to ice bath temperature and quenched by adding AcOH (3.9 mL, 65.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was diluted with water and 25 extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain l-(l,l-dioxido iso thiazolidin-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid as a viscous liquid (0.9 g) in 90% yield, m/z (M+l) 286; *HNMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.37 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.84-2.76 (m, IH), 2.52-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.25-1.98 (m, 5 6H), 1.85-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.61 (dd, J= 2.2, 11.3 Hz, IH).

Step III: To a stirred solution of the acid obtained in step II (0.29 g, 1.0 mmol) in CHCI3 (5 mL) at room temperature was added conc. H2SO4 (0.53 mL, 10 mmol) followed by the addition NaN3 (0.2 g, 3.0 mmol) in portions over a period of 30 min; while maintaining the 10 temperature below 40°C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 45°C and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was basified by adding a 50% NaOH solution and extracted with CHC13. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1-(1,1-15 dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03,7]nonan-3-amine as a viscous liquid (0.17 g) in 66% yield, m/z (M+l) 257; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.36 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (t,J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.24 (m, 4H), 2.18 (dd, J= 3.0, 10.4 Hz, IH), 2.13-1.83 (m, 6H), 1.76 (dd, (J= 2.4,10.8 Hz, IH), 1.65-1.58 (m, IH), 1.48 (dd, J= 2.4, 10.8 Hz, IH).

Preparation 11 tert-butyl (1 -hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)carbamate NHBoc OH Step I: To a suspension of NaH (60% dispersed in nujol, 1.92 g, 80 mmol) in THF (80 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added 4-hydroxyadamantanone (6.64 g, 40 mmol) dis-25 solved in THF (80 mL) via a syringe over a period of 15 minutes. After stirring the reaction mixture for 30 min., RBU4NI (1.4 g, 4 mmol) was added followed by the addition of benzylbromide (5.26 mL). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h until TLC revealed disappearance of hydroxyadamantanone. Excess NaH was quenched by adding sat. aq NH4CI solution to the ice cooled reaction mixture. The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined 5 organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude reaction mass which was purified by column chromatography to obtain 5-(benzyloxy)adamantan~2-one as a gummy liquid (7.93 g) in 77 % yield, m/z (M+l), 257; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.60-7.20 (m, 5 H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 2.72-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.36 (m, IH), 2.35-1.92 (m, 10H).

Step II: Freshly prepared methylmagnesium iodide in ether (0.5M, 114 mL), was added through a canula to the compound obtained in step I (7.3 g, 28.5 mmol) in THF (57 mL) at 0°C. After stirring it for 0.5 h, the reaction mixture was quenched by adding sat. aq. NH4CI solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 15 isopropyl ether. The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 5-(benzyloxy)-2-methyl adamantan-2-ol as a gummy liquid (4:6 mixture of a and p isomers) (7.5 g) in 95% yield, m/z (M+l), 273; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.42-7.20 (m, 5H), 4.51 (s, 0.8H), 4.48 (s, 1.2H), 2.40-1.30 (m, 13H), 1.40 (s, 1.2H), 1.35 (s, 1.8H).

Step III: The compound obtained in step II (7.5 g, 27.5 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of AcOH ((5.5 mL) and THF (28 mL) and added drop-wise through an additional funnel to the ice cold solution of NaOCl (4%, 275 mL) over a period of 15 minutes. /z-Bu4NI (210 mg, 2 mol%) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction 25 mixture was poured into a separation funnel and two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted in diisopropylether and the combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was refluxed with methanolic KOH solution (3.0 g KOH in 55 mL MeOH) for 1 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain methylketone 1-[1-(benzyloxy) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-3-yl] ethanone as a gummy liquid (4.84 g) in 65% yield, m/z (M+l), 271; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.40-7.20 (m, 5H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 2.70-2.64 (m, IH), 2.58-5 2.52 (m, IH), 2.33-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.11-1.88 (m, 5H), 1.78-1.58 (m, 4H).

Step IV: To a mixture of NaOH (10.8 g, 270 mmol), H2O (72 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (5.2 mL, 100.8 mmol) and stirred for 5 minutes. This hypobromite solution was added drop-wise to a solution of the compound obtained 10 from step III (4.84 g, 18 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (18 mL) kept at ice bath temperature. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h, after which it was cooled to ice bath temperature and quenched by adding AcOH (3.9 mL, 65.7 mmol), diluted with water, and extracted in EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced 15 pressure to obtain l-(benzyloxy) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid as a gummy liquid (4.1 g) in 83% yield, m/z (M+l), 273; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.40-7.20 (m, 5H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 2.78-2.70 (m, IH), 2.58-2.48 (m, IH), 2.45-2.37 (m, IH), 2.18-1.50 (m, 9 H).

Step V: To a solution of the acid obtained from step IV (1.36 g, 5 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Et3N (2.1 mL, 15 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA, 1.3 mL, 6 mmol). The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for one hour, after which the temperature was risen to reflux for 4 h. Upon cooling to room temperature, it was transferred to a separatory funnel and washed 25 once with water. The organic layer was transferred back to the RB flask cooled to ice bath temperature and aq. KOH solution (50% w/v, 10 mL) and /7BU4NI (92 mg, 0.25 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature, acidified to pH 2 with conc, HC1, extracted once with ether, and the aqueous layer was basified with aq. NaOH solution (50% w/v), and extracted with chloroform. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain pure amine l-(benzyloxy)tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine as a 5 gummy liquid (614 mg) in 80% yield, m/z (M+l), 244; IH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 2.40-2.20 (m, 5H), 2.70-2.48 (m 3H), 2.40 (s (br), IH), 2.27-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.40 (m, 9H).

Step VI: To a solution of the amino compound obtained from step V (590 mg, 2.4 mmol) 10 in dichloromethane (10 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Et3N (0.5 mL, 3.6 mmol) followed by addition of Boc anhydride (654 mg, 3.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solvent was removed under reduce pressure and the crude reaction mass was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/hexanes as eluent to obtain the Boc derivative of fer/-butyl (1 -benzyloxytricyclo[3.3.1,03,7]non-3-yl) 15 carbamate as a gummy liquid (740 mg) in 90% yield, m/z (M+l), 343; IH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.40-7.20 (m, 5H), 4.80-4.70 (s (br), IH), 4.51 (s, 2H), 2.50-2.25 (m, 4H), 2.0-1.75 (m, 6H), 1.65-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

Step VII: A mixture of the compound obtained from step VI (730 g, 2.1 mmol) and 20 Pd(OH)2/C (20% wet, 150 mg) in MeOH (9 mL) was stirred under H2 atmosphere at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain tert-butyl (1-hydroxy tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-3-yl)carbamate as an off-white solid (520 mg) in 97% yield, m/z (M+l), 254; IH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 4.72 (s (br), IH), 2.48-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.18 (m, 25 2H), 1.93-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.55-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Example 1 StepI: A stirred mixture of [3-(2-Methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)trieyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl] methyl methanesulfonate (2.4 g, 7.5 mmol) [as obtained from preparation 2], K2CO3 (4.5 5 g, 34.2 mmol), and 1,2,4-triazole (1.5 g, 22.5 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was heated to 110°C for 5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with ethylacetate. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 1 - {[3-(2-Methyl-l ,3-dioxolan-2-yl) tricyclo 10 [3.3.1.03'7] non-1 -yl]methyl,2,4-triazole (1.82 g) as a viscous liquid in 85% yield, m/z (M+l) 290; IR cm-1 2932, 1668, 1506, 1441,1373, 1311,1211,1140, 1047, 876, 753. *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.99 (s, IH), 7.93 (s, IH), 4.07 (s, 2H), 4.03-3.92 (m, 4H), 2.42-2.32 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.79 (m, IH), 1.74-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.37 (m, 8H), 1.26 (s, 3H).

StepII: A stirred solution of l-{[3-(2-Methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl] methyl,2,4-triazole (2.6 g, 9.09 mmol) obtained from Step I and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.16 g) in acetone (36 mL) was refluxed for 4 h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with ethylacetate, washed with 10% aq. NaHCC>3 and brine, dried over Na2SC>4, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced 20 pressure to obtain ,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1,03'7]non-3-yl]ethanone (2.2 g, 86% yield) as a viscous liquid, m/z (M+l) 246; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.99 (s, IH), 7.93 (s, IH), 4.10 (s, 2H), 2.75-2.65 (m, IH), 2.49-2.42 (m, IH), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.0-1.45 (m, 10H). 13C NMR (CDC13) 75 MHz 8 211.0, 151.6, 143.6, 61.6, 56.9, 48.2,45.9, 45.7,42.6,41.9, 37.3, 36.6, 26.3.

StepIII: To a stirred solution of NaOH (1.75 g, 43.8 mmol), H2O (14.6 mL) and 1,4 dioxane (2 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Efo (0.8 mL, 16.4 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. The resulting hypobromite solution was added drop-5 wise to a stirred solution of 1 -[ 1 -(1//-1,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-3-yl] ethanone (0.7 g, 2.92 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) at ice bath temperature. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. Then it was cooled to ice bath temperature and quenched by adding AcOH (3.9 mL, 65.7 mmol). The crude reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The 10 combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1 -(li7-1,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonane-3-carboxylic acid (0.54 g) in 75% yield as an off-white solid. M.R: 230-235 °C. m/z (M+l) 248. IR cm-1 3436, 3102, 2924, 2511,1937, 1689, 1523, 1308, 1137, 979, 732. *H NMR (CD3OD) 300 MHz 8 8.43 (s, IH), 7.9 (s, IH), 4.17 (s, 2H), 2.70-2.62 15 (m, IH), 2.40-2.33 (m, IH), 2.06-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.1.43 (m, 8H).

StepIV: To a stirred suspension of 1 -(1//-1,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonane-3-carboxylic acid (0.13 g, 0.52 mmol) obtained in step III, in CHCI3 (2.6 mL) was added conc. H2SO4 (0.25 mL, 5.2 mmol). To this homogenous solution NaN3 (0.1 g, 1.56 20 mmol) was added in portions over a period of 30 minutes, while keeping the temperature of the reaction below 40°C. After stirring the reaction mixture for 2 h at r.t., the reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was basified by adding 50% aq. NaOH solution and extraction with CHCI3. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the 25 solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1 -(IB-1,2,-4-triazol-l -ylmethyl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine (0.08 g) as a viscous liquid in 70% yield, m/z (M+l) 219; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.98 (s, IH), 7.93 (s, IH), 4.07 (s, 2H), 2.38-2.30 (m, IH), 2.06-1.98 (m, IH), 1.96-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.36 (m, 4H).

Step V: To a stirred mixture of ,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonan- 3-amine (0.06g, 0.38 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.13 g, 0.96 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) at an ice bath temperature was added compound (25)-l-(chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile 5 (0.07 g, 0.32 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain the triazole derivative of (2S)-,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl 10 (tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-ylamino) acetyl] pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.07 g) in 60% yield as an off-white solid, M.R: 230-235 °C. m/z (M+l) 355. IR cm-1 3429, 2929, 2224, 1658, 1511,1426, 1330, 1276, 1141,1018, 747. !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 8.0 (s, IH), 7.9 (s, IH), 4.78 (bd, J= 6.3 Hz, IH), 4.09 (s, 2H), 3.65-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.40-2.05 (m, 8H), 1.80-1.62 (m, 4H), 1.58-1.32 (m, 4H).

To a stirred mixture of the triazole amine as obtained in step IV in examplel (0.65 g, 3 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.24 g, 9 mmol) in DMSO (12 mL) at ice bath temperature was added 20 (2S, 4iS)-l-(chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.57 g, 3 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under Example 2 F reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S,45)-4-fluoro-l-{iV-[2-(l#-l,2,4-triazol-l~ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li^)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white powder (0.4 g) in 36% yield. IR cm-1 3444, 2951,1672, 1518, 1416,1301,1135, 935; m/z (M+l) 373; *H NMR (CDC13) 5 300 MHz 8 8.0 (s, IH), 7.92 (s, IH), 5.44 (ddd, 3.4, 3.4, 51.2 Hz, 0.8 H), 5.35 (ddd,J = 3.4, 3.4, 51.3 Hz, 0.2 H), 5.04 (t, 8.8 Hz, 0.2 H), 4.95 (d, 9.2 Hz, 0.8 H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 4.05-3.51 (m, 2.4 H), 3.4 (s (br), 1.6 H), 2.82-2.62 (m, IH), 2.45-2.16 (m, 5 H), 1.91-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.38 (m, 4H).

To a stirred mixture of the triazole amine as obtained in step IV in example 1 (0.4 g, 1.83 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.4 g, 2.8 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) at ice bath temperature was added (2S, 4R)~ 1 -(chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.35 g, 1.83 mmol).

The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2 S, 4/2)-4-fluoro-1 - {N-[2-(lH-1,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen- 3a(lZ/)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbomtrile as a gummy liquid (0.21 g) as a mixture of two rotamers in 25% yield, m/z (M+l), 373; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 8.0 (s, IH), 7.92 (s, IH), 5.35 (d (br), J = 51.5 Hz, 0.8 H), 5.30 (d (br), J = 51.3 Hz, 0.2 H), 4.97 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 0.2 H), 4.80 (t, 8.4 Hz, 0.8 H), 4.20-3.32 (m, 4 H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 2.87-2.40 (m, IH), 2.40-2.33 (m, IH), 2.25-2.15 (m, IH), 1.98-1.38 (m, 11 H).

Example3 F Example 4 Q To a stirred mixture of the triazole amine as obtained in step IV example 1 (0.27 g, 1.05 5 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.58 g, 4.2 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) at ice bath temperature was added (4i?)-3-(chloroacetyl)-l,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile (0.2 g, 1.05 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 10 The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (4R)-3-{N-[2-(lH~ 1,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5 -methanopentalen-3 a(lH)-y\] glycyl} -1,3 -thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile as a light yellow solid (0.18 g) in 46% yield, m/z (M+l) 373; *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.99 (s, IH), 7.92 (s, IH), 5.32 (t, J =4.1 Hz, IH), 4.70-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.62-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.35 (m, IH), 2.25-2.15 15 (m, IH), 1.90-1.39 (m, 10H).

Example 5 N-N Step I: A mixture of (3-[(fert-butoxy carbonyl) amino] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl}methyl methanesulfonates as obtained in preparation 3 (0.8 g, 2.3 mmol), K2CO3 (0.95 g, 6.9 5 mmol), tetrazole (0.24 g, 3.45 mmol), and DMF (10.0 mL) was heated to 110°C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-butyl [ 1 -(liY-tetrazol-1 -ylmethyl) tricyclo 10 [3.3.1.03'7] non-3-yl] carbamate as a viscous liquid (0.2 g) in 27% yield, m/z (M+l) 320; *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 6 8.48 (s, IH), 4.72 (s (br), IH), 4.56 (s, 2H), 2.52-2.43 (m, IH), 2.37-2.30 (m, IH), 2.20-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.72 (ddd, J= 2.7, 12.3, 15.4 Hz, 2H), 1.56-1.38 (m, 4H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in step I above (0.2 g, 0.62 mmol) in EtOAc (2.0 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added a solution of dry HC1 in EtOAc (3N, 3mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 h and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product, which was triturated with ether several times to obtain pure hydrochloride salt of l-(l//-tetrazol-l-20 ylmethyl)tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine (160 mg) in 100% yield, m/z (M+l) 220; IH NMR (CD3OD) 300 MHz 8 8.72 (s, IH), 4.70 (s, 2H), 2.52-2.43 (m, IH), 2.42-2.37 (m, IH), 2.0-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.70-1.50 (m, 5H).

Step III: To a stirred solution of the hydrochloride salt obtained in step II (0.162g, 0.62 mmol) in DMSO (2.5 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere was added (25)-l-(chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.11 g, 0.62 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.34 g, 2.48 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture for 3 h, it was diluted with EtOAc, and 5 washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (25)-1-{N-[2-(lii/-tetrazol-l-ylmethyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l.H)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine -2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.09 g) in 40% yield, m/z (M+l) 355; IH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 8.49 (s, IH), 4.77 (d, J= 6.7 Hz, IH), 4.56 (s, 2H), 3.64-3.38 10 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.05 (m, 6H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 5H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 5H).

Example 5A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in example 5 (36 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 1-iL, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and 15 the residue was triturated several times with ether to obtain off-white hydrochloride salt of (25)-1 -{AL[2-(l//~tetrazol~ 1 -ylmethyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(\H)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine -2-carbonitrile (38 mg).

Example 6 Step I: A mixture of {3-[(ter£-butoxy carbonyl) amino] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl}methyl methanesulfonates as obtained in preparation 3 (0.85 g, 2.4 mmol), K2CO3 (1.0 g, 7.2 mmol), N-methylpiperazine (0.37 mL, 3.6 mmol) and DMF (10.0 mL) was heated to 110°C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted in EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-butyl [l-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl) methyl] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-3-yl] carbamate as a viscous liquid (0.39 g) in 46% yield. m/z (M+l) 350; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.72 (s (br), IH), 2.55-2.25 (m, 10H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 2H), 2.0-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.72 (m, IH), 1.70-1.40 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.35-1.22 (m, IH).

Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained according to step I (0.38 g, 1.09 10 mmol), in EtOAc (4.0 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added a solution of dry HC1 in EtOAc (3 N, 6 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 h and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to obtain a crude products, which was triturated with diethyl ether several times to obtain l-[(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl) methyl] tricyclo [3.3.1.0 ' ] nonan-3-amine hydrochloride salt (330 mg) in 85% yield.

Step III: To a stirred solution of the hydrochloride (0.33 g, 0.92 mmol) obtained in step II, in DMSO (3.7 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere (2S)~ 1 -(chloroace-tyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.16 g, 0.92 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.76 g, 5.53 mmol) were added. After stirring the reaction mixture for 3 h, it was diluted with EtOAc and washed 20 with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S)-1-{N~ [2-[(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl) methyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a (l#)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.12 g) in 47% yield, m/z (M+l) 386; *H NMR (CDCI3+CD3OD) 300 MHz 8 4.78 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, IH), 3.85-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.10 25 (m, 5H), 2.85-2.70 (m, 8H), 2.52-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.20 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.70-1.40 (m, 5H), 1.40-1.27 (m, IH).

Example 6A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in example 7 (39 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 pL, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with diethyl ether to obtain (2<S)-l-{iV-[2-[(4-5 methylpiperazin-l-yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li7)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine -2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt as an off-white solid (41 mg).

Step I:A mixture of {3-[(fert-butoxy carbonyl) amino] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-l-yl}methyl methanesulfonates as obtained in preparation 3 (0.85 g, 2.4 mmol), K2CO3 (1.0 g, 7.2 mmol), thiomorpholine (0.4 mL, 3.6 mmol) and DMF (10.0 mL) was heated to 110°C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over 15 Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-butyl [l-(thiomoipholin-4-ylmethyl) 3 7 tricyclo[3.3.1.0 ' ]non-3-yl]carbamate as a viscous liquid (0.18 g) in 21% yield, m/z (M+l) 353; XH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 4.72 (s (br), 2.75-2.66 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.58 (m, 4H), 2.40-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, (2H), 2.0-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.72 (m, IH), 1.62-1.50 (m, 4H), 20 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.35-1.20 (m, IH).

Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound (0.22 g, 0.63 mmol) obtained in step I, in EtOAc (2.0 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added a solution of dry HCl in EtOAc (3 N, 4 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at same temperature for 2 h and the solvent 25 was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, which was triturated Example7 several times with diethyl ether to obtain l-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl) tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonan-3-amine hydrochloride salt (180 mg) in 88% yield.

Step III: To a stirred solution of the hydrochloride salt (0.17 g, 0.51 mmol) obtained in step 5 II above in DMSO (2.0 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere was added (2£)-l-(chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.09 g, 0.52 mmol) and K2C03 (0.35 g, 2.55 mmol. After stirring the reaction mixture for 3 h, it was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 10 (25)-l-{7V-[2-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li?)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.07 g) in 35% yield, m/z (M+l) 389; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.83-4.75 (m, IH), 3.90-3.45 (m, 4H), 2.85-2.70 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 4H), 2.48-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.15 (m, 4H), 2.0-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.68-1.40 (m, 5H), 1.38-1.25 (m, IH).

Example 7A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in example 7 (39 mg, 0.1 mmol), in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 pL, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with diethyl ether to obtain the hydrochloride salt 20 of (25)-1 - {iV-[2-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(liJ)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as off-white solid (41 mg).

Example 8 Vf° o Step I: A stirred mixture of [3-(2-Methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl] methyl methanesulfonate as obtained in preparation 2 (1.0 g, 2.9 mmol), K2CO3 (1.16 g, 5 8.7 mmol) and isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide (0.53 g, 4.35 mmol) in DMF (12.0 mL) was heated to 110°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 2- {[3-(2-methyl-1,3 -dioxolan-2-10 yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl] methyljisothiazolidine 1,1-dioxide as a viscous liquid (0.69 g) in 70% yield, m/z (M+l) 342; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 4.04-3.92 (m, 4H), 3.30 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (d, J = 14.6 Hz, IH), 2.87 (d, J= 14.6 Hz, IH), 2.40-2.27 (m, 4H), 1.88-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.38 (m, 4H), 1.27 (s, 3H).

Step II: A stirred solution of the compound obtained by Step I (0.68 g, 2.0 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (38 mg, 0.2 mmol) in acetone (8 mL) was refluxed for 4 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with 10% aq. NaHCOs and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 1-{1-20 [(1,1-dioxido isothiazolidin-2-yl)methyl]tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl}ethanone (0.55g) in 92% yield as a viscous liquid.

Step III: To a stirred mixture of NaOH (1.2 g, 27.8 mmol), H2O (8 mL), and 1,4 dioxane (1 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (0.56 mL, 10.4 mmol) and the mixture was 25 stirred for 15 minutes. The resulting hypobromite solution was added drop-wise to a stirred solution of the compound obtained in step II (0.55 g, 1.85 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) at ice bath temperature. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and after stirring for 1 h; it was cooled to ice bath temperature and quenched by adding AcOH (1.7 mL, 27.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with 5 EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain l-[( 1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)methyl]tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7] nonane-3-carboxylicacid (0.39 g) in 70% yield, m/z (M—1) 298; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.32 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.80-2.73 (m, IH), 2.43-2.41 (m, IH), 2.40-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.0 (m, 2H), 1.82-10 1.72 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.54 (m, 4H), 1.46 (dd, J= 3.2, 11.0 Hz, IH).

Step IV: To a stirred solution of the acid obtained in step III (0.39 g, 1.31 mmol) in CHCI3 (7 mL) was added conc. H2SO4 (1.4 mL, 26 mmol). Solid NaN3 (0.26 g, 3.93 mmol) was added slowly in portions by keeping the reaction temperature below 40°C. The reaction 15 mixture was stirred at r.t for 2, h then it was cooled to ice bath temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was basified by adding 50% NaOH solution and extracted with CHCI3. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 1-[(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) methyl] tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine (0.26 g) as 20 viscous liquid in 74% yield, m/z (M+l) 271; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.32 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.28 (m, 3H), 2.01-1.83 (m, 3H), 1.75-1.52 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.43 (m, IH), 1.39-1.32 (m, IH).

Step V: To a stirred mixture of the amine obtained in step IV (0.26 g, 0.96 mmol) and 25 KaC03 (0.42 g, 2.9 mmol) in DMSO (4.0 mL) at ice bath temperature was added under nitrogen atomsphere (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.17 g, 1.0 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture for 3 h at r.t, it was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S)-1-{N-[2-[(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li^)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.17 g) in 43% yield, m/z (M+l) 407; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.87-4.76 (m, IH), 3.70-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 2H), 5 3.32 (t,J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (s, 2H), 2.41-2.10 (m, 8H), 1.90-1.46 (m,7H), 1.43-1.35 (m, IH).

Step I: A mixture of the compound obtained in preparation 3 (0.9 g, 2.6 mmol), K2CO3 (1.1 g, 7.8 mmol) and thiazolidine-2,4-dione (0.47 g, 4.0 mmol) in DMF (10.5 mL) was heated to 110°C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 3{3-[(ter£-butoxycarbonyl) amino] tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl}methyl-l,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione as a viscous liquid (0.28 g) in 25% yield, m/z (M+l) 367; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.72 (s (br), IH), 3.96 (s, 2H), 3.57 (s, 2H), 2.46-2.38 (m, IH), 2.38-2.30 (m, IH), 2.02-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.70 (m, IH), 1.63 (dd, J= 2.9,10.5 Hz, IH), 1.52-1.40 (m, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.37 (dd, J= 20 3.0, 11.0 Hz, IH).

Example 9 S Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in step I (0.2 g, 0.54 mmol) in EtOAc (2.0 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added a solution of dry HCl in EtOAc (3N, 3mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 h and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, which was triturated with diethyl ether several times to obtain the hydrochloride salt (165 mg) in 100% yield, m/z (M+l) 267; NMR (CD3OD) 300 MHz 5 4.10 (s, 2H), 3.60 (dd, J= 9.0, 11.0 Hz, 2H), 2.48-2.42 (m, IH), 2.34 (ddd,J= 1.6, 6.9, 8.5 Hz, IH), 1.88-1.68 (m, 6H), 5 1.68-1.53 (m, 3H), 1.50 (dd, J= 2.0,11.4 Hz, IH).

Step III: To a stirred solution of the hydrochloride salt obtained in step II (0.165g, 0.54 mmol) in DMSO (2.2 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine~2-carbonitrile (0.1 g, 0.54 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.23 g, 1.62 mmol) 10 was added sequentially. After stirring the reaction mixture for 3 h, it was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain(2S)-l - {/V-[2-[(2,4-dioxo-l ,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3a(l#)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.11 g) in 50% 15 yield, m/z (M+l) 358; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.77 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, IH), 3.96 (s, 2H), 3.75-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 3.41 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.10 (m, 6H), 1.90-1.57 (m, 10H), 1.57-1.33 (m,4H).

Example 10 Step I: To a stirred solution of tert-butyl [l-(hydroxymethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yljearbamate (as obtained in step VI preparation 3) (0.67 g, 2.5 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) 5 was added phthalimide (0.52 g, 3.5 mmol), triphenylphosphine (1.05 g, 4.0 mmol), and diisopropylazodicarboxylate (0.8 mL, 4.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 90°C for 4 h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-butyl [2-[(l,3-dioxo-l,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate (0.45 g) as a viscous 10 liquid in 46% yield, m/z (M+l) 397; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.90-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.77-7.68 (m, 2H), 4.75 (s (br), IH), 3.60 (s, 2H), 2.47-2.35 (m, IH), 2.36-2.29 (m, IH), 2.02-1.84 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.35 (m, 5H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.34-1.24 (m, IH).

Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from step I (0.45 g, 1.12 mmol) in 15 dichloromethane (1.1 mL) at 0°C was added trifluoroacetic acid (1.1 mL). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The volatiles were removed under vacuum and the residue was triturated several times with diethyl ether to obtain 2-[(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl)methyl]-l//-isoindole-l,3(2/:/)-dione (0.4 g) as its trifluoroacetic acid salt in 86% yield, m/z (M+l) 297; LH NMR (DMSO-de) 300 20 MHz 8 8.05 (s (br), 2H), 7.92-7.80 (m, 4H), 3.51 (s, 2H), 2.38-2.30 (m, IH), 2.30-2.22 (m, IH), 1.85-1.66 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.50 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.38 (m, IH).

Step III: To a stirred mixture of the compound obtained from step II (0.4 g, 0.98 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.54 g, 3.92 mmol) in DMSO (4.0 mL) at ice bath temperature under nitrogen 25 atomsphere was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.17 g, 1.0 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture at r.t for 3 h, it was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over NaoS04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S)-1 - {N-[2-[(l ,3 -dioxo-1,3 -dihydro-2H-isoindol-2yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5- methanopentalen-3a(lH)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.18 g) in 43% yield, m/z (M+l) 433; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.90-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.65 (m, 2H), 4.86-4.72 (m, IH), 3.72-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.05 (m, 7H), 1.90-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.40 (m, 3H).

Step I: To a stirred solution of benzyl [2-(4-aminophenyl)hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalene-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate (1.1 g, 3.03 mmol) obtained from preparation 4, in THF (30 mL) at 0°C was added EtjN (0.66 mL, 4.6 mmol) and 3-chloropropanesulfonylchloride 15 (0.42 mL, 3.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. An aqueous solution of NaOH (50% w/v, 6 mL) was added followed by addition of h-Bu4NI (56 mg, 0.15 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture for 16 h, it was diluted with water and extracted in EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude 20 product was purified by column chromatography to obtain benzyl [2-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalene-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate as an off-white solid (0.93 g) in 66% yield. M.R: 215.6-219.2 °C m/z (M+l) 467; IR cm-1 Example 11 3441,2953, 1716, 1516, 1314, 1215, 770. 'HNMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.40-7.16 (m, 9H), 5.13-5.0 (bs, 2H), 3.75 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.59-2.38 (m, 4H), 2.30-1.60(m, 10H).

StepII: A mixture of benzyl [2-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalene-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate (0.8 g, 1.7 mmol) obtained in step I, Pd/C (10%, 0.4 g) in MeOH (17 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H2 atmosphere for 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain l-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] 10 nonan-3-amine as an off-white solid (0.49g) in 85% yield, m/z (M+l) 333; IR cm"1 3418, 1652, 1137, 772. *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz, 8 7.31 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (t, J - 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.58-2.47 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.34 (m, IH), 2.27-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.95 (m, 4H), 1.93-1.70 (m, 4H).

Step III: To a stirred mixture of 1 -[4-( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) phenyl] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonan-3-amine (0.4 g, 1.2 mmol) and K2C03 (0.48 g, 3.6 mmol) in DMSO (4.8 mL) at ice bath temperature was added (25)-1 -(chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.25 g, 1.44 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture 20 was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S)~ 1 - {/V- [2-[4-( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3a(l/?)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2~carbonitrile as a white solid (0.28 g) in 50% yield. M.R, 214-216 °C m/z (M+l) 469; IR cm-1 3436, 2932, 2240, 25 1658, 1517, 1414, 1308, 1137, 952, 740. *H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD)S: 7.35 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d,J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (t, J= 5.4 Hz, IH), 4.15-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.60-3.50(m, IH), 3.42(t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.65-2.45(m, 4H), 2.40-1.75 (m, 14 H).

Example 12 (!}< To a stirred mixture of l-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) phenyl]tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonan-3-amine (as obtained in example 8 step II) (0.17 g, 0.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.21 g, 5 1.5 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) at an ice bath temperature was added (2S, 45)-1-(chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.1 g, 0.5mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 10 The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S, 45)-l-{iV-[2-[4-(1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5 -methanopentalen-3 a( li7)-yl] glycyl} -4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white powder (0.09 g) in 37% yield as a 3:1 mixture of two rotomers. IR cm-1 3438, 2953, 2776, 1673, 1518, 1427, 1301,1135, 1078, 955; m/z (M+l) 487; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.25 (d, J= 6.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.20 15 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2 H), 5.42 (d (br), J = 51.0 Hz, 0.8 H), 5.34 (d (br), J = 50.4 Hz, 0.2 H), 5.15 (d, J= 10.2 Hz, 0.2 H), 4.98 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 0.8 H), 4.0-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.76 (t, J= 6.5 H, 2H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2 H), 2.80-2.28 (m, 6H), 2.15-1.58 (m, 10H).

Example 13 F To a stirred mixture of l-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) phenyl] tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonan-3-amine as obtained in example 8 step II (0.22g, 0.7 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.3 g, 2.1 5 mmol) in DMSO (3.4 mL) at ice bath temperature was added (25,4i?)-1 -(chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.13 g, 2.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude 10 product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S,4R)-1 - {iV-[2-[4-( 1,1 - dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl}-4- fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white powder (0.14 g) as a 3:1 mixture of two rotomers in 43% yield, m/z (M+l) 487; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.25 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2 H), 7.20 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2 H), 5.35 (d (br), J= 51.4 Hz, 0.8 H), 5.28 (d (br), J= 50.7 Hz, 15 0.2 H), 5.02 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 0.2 H), 4.80 (t, J= 8.4 Hz, 0.8 H), 4.02-3.41 (m, 4H), 3.76 (t, J = 6.6 H, 2H), 3.37 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2 H), 2.85-2.25 (m, 6H), 2.15-1.55 (m, 10H).

Example 14 .js. ,s.

To a stirred mixture of l-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl]tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonan-3-amine as obtained in example 8 step II (0.25 g, 1.1 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.46 g, 3.3 5 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) at ice bath temperature was added (47?)-3-(chloroacetyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile (0.2 g, 1.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude 10 product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (4i?)-3-{iV-[2-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hexahydro-2,5 -methanopentalen-3 glycyl} -1,3 - thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile as an off-white powder (0.1 g) in 40% yield, m/z (M+l) 487; IR cm"1 3444, 2952, 2873, 1672, 1518, 1416, 1301,1135, 953; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.25 (d, J= 6.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.20 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2 H), 5.38-5.48 (m, IH), 4.72-4.51 (m, 2H), 3.75 (t, /= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.70-3.55 (m, IH), 3.36 (t, /= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.32-3.20 (m, IH), 2.60-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.20-1.58 (m, 10).

Example 15 Ct « O Step I: To a stirred solution of benzyl [2-(4-aminophenyl) hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalene-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate (1.1 g, 3.03 mmol) obtained in preparation 4, in THF (30 5 mL) at 0°C was added sequentially Et3N (0.66 mL, 4.6 mmol) and 4-chlorobutyrylchloride (0.37 mL, 3.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. An aqueous solution of NaOH (50% w/v, 6 mL) was added followed by addition of R-BU4NI (56 mg, 0.15 mmol) and the reaction was stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted in EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed 10 with brine, dried over Na2S04, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain benzyl [2-[4-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-l-yl)phenyl) hexahydro-2,5- methanopentalene-3a(lH)-yl] carbamate as an off-white solid (0.9 g, 69% yield), m/z (M+l) 431; lU NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.55 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.20 (m, 7H), 5.15-5.0 (bs, 2H), 3.87 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.67-2.53 (m, 15 3H), 2.48-2.42 (m, IH), 2.35-1.55 (m, 12H).

Step II : A mixture of benzyl [2-[4-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1 -yl)phenyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalene-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate (0.73 g, 1.7 mmol) obtained in step I and Pd/C (10%, 0.4 g) in MeOH (17 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H2 atmosphere for 2 20 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain l-[4-(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl) phenyl]pyrrolidin-2-one as an off-white solid (0.43g, 85% yield), m/z (M+l) 297; *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.52 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.52-2.42 (m, IH), 2.32-1.60 (m, 13H).

Step III: To a stirred solution of l-[4-(3-arainotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl)phenyl] 5 pyrrolidin-2-one obtained in step II (0.36 g, 1.2 mmol) in DMSO (4.8 mL) at an ice bath temperature under nitrogen atmosphere was added K2CO3 (0.48 g, 3.6 mmol) followed by addition of (26)-l -(chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.21 g, 1.2 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture at r.t for 3 h, it was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 10 crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain the title compound (25)-1 -{/V-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1 -yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3a(li7)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as a white solid (0.26 g) in 50% yield. M.R: 254-256°C; m/z (M+l) 433; !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13)S: 7.54 (d,J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.30-4.20 (m, IH), 4.06-4.18 (m, 2H), 3.87 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, IH), 3.80-3.50 (m, 4H), 15 2.64 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.58-1.60 (m, 18 H).

To a stirred mixture of the lactam amine, l-[4-(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl) 20 phenyl] pyrrolidin-2-one as obtained in example 12, step II, (0.15 g, 0.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.21 g, 1.5 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) at an ice bath temperature was added (2S, 45)-l-(chloroacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.1 g, 0.5 mmol). The reaction mixture Example 16 F was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S, 4<S)-4-fluoro-l- {N-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1 -l)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a( 1 #)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as off-white powder (0.11 g) in 49% yield, m/z (M+l) 451; *H NMR (CDCls) 300 MHz 5 7.51 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.43 (ddd, J = 3.1,3.1, 51.3 Hz, IH), 5.12 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 0.2 H), 4.97 (d, /= 9.5 H), 4.05-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.85 (t, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.55-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.61 (m, IH), 2.60 (t, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 10 2.49-2.40 (m, IH), 2.32-2.25 (m, IH), 2.21-2.05 (m, 4H), 2.0-1.60 (m, 9H).

To a stirred mixture of the lactam amine obtained in example 12, step II (0.15 g, 0.5 mmol) 15 and K2CO3 (0.21 g, 1.5 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) at ice bath temperature was added (4i?)-3-(chloroacetyl)-l,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile (0.1 g, 1.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The 20 crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (4i?)-3-{iV-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1 -yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5 -methanopentalen-3 a( li7)-yl] glycyl} -1,3 -thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile as an off-white powder (0.09 g) in 40% yield, m/z (M+l), 451; Example 17 *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.51 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (d, J= 7.0 Hz, 2H), 5.34 (t, J = 4.1 Hz, IH), 4.65 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, IH), 4.60 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, IH), 3.85 (t, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.70-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.25 ( m, 2H), 2.60 (t, /= 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.42 (m, IH), 2.33-2.25 (m, IH), 2.21-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.0-1.6 (m, 8H).

Step I: To a stirred solution of benzyl [2-(4-aminophenyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalene-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate obtained from preparation 4 (1.09 g, 3.0 mmol) in 10 glacial acetic acid (12 mL) was added 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran (0.44 g, 3.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with ethylacetate, washed with water, 10% aq. NaHCC>3 and brine. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain benzyl [2-[4-(liJ-15 pyrrol-l-yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li7)-yl]carbamate (0.8 g) in 65% yield as a viscous liquid, m/z (M+l) 413; JH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.50-7.20 (m, 9H), 7.08-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.37-6.30 (m, 2H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 2.65-2.52 (m, IH), 2.50-2.42 (m, IH), 2.402.12 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.70-1.52 (m, 2H).

Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from step I (0.8 g, 1.94 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) Pd/C (10%, 0.1 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h under H2 pressure with a balloon. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2-[4~(l//-pyrrol-1 - Example 18 yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(lii/)-amine (0.45 g) as a viscous liquid (0.45 g) in 83% yield, m/z (M+l) 279; IH NMR (CD3OD) 300 MHz 5 7.40-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.30-6.20 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.46 (m, IH), 2.46-2.38 (m, IH), 2.30-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.13-1.81 (m, 7H), 1.80-1.70 (m, IH).

Step III: To a stirred mixture of the compound obtained from step II (0.41 g, 1.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.62 g, 4.5 mmol) in DMSO (6 mL) at ice bath temperature under N2 atmosphere was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.26 g, 1.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 10 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (25)-1 - {/V-[2-[4-(l//-pyrrol-1 -yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3a (li7)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as a white solid (0.2 g) in 32% yield as off-white solid, m/z (M+l) 415; !H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 5 7.38-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.36-6.32 (m, 2H), 4.84-4.78 (m, IH), 3.75-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 2H), 2.50-2.42 (m, IH), 2.38-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.0 (m, 6H), 2.0-1.70 (m, 7H).

Example 19 H Step I: To a stirred solution of benzyl [2-(4-aminophenyl) hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalene-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate obtained by preparation 4 (1.09 g, 3.0 mmol) in THF (12 mL) at 0°C was added Et3N (0.65 mL, 4.5 mmol), followed by addition of 2-chloro ethylisocyanate (0.3 mL, 3.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. An aqueous solution of NaOH (50% w/v, 6 mL) was added followed by R-BU4NI (55 mg, 0.15 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h.

The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain benzyl[2-[4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-l-yl]hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3a(lH)-yl]carbamate(0.7 g) as an off-white solid in 54% yield, m/z (M+l) 432; 'H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.44 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 5H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 3.92 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (t, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.59-2.50 (m, IH), 2.44-2.38 (m, IH), 2.30-2.11 (m, 3H), 2.11-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.89-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.46 (m, 2H).

Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from step I (0.65 g, 1.5 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) Pd/C (10%, 0.1 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h under H2 pressure with a balloon. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain l-[4-(3-amino tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl)phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one (0.4 g) as an off- white solid in 90% yield. M.R: 215-220°C; m/z (M+l) 298; IR cm-1 3412, 3245, 2955, 1687, 1518, 1485, 1263, 805; lE NMR (CDCl3+DMSO-d6) 300 MHz 8 8.26 (s (br), 2H), 7.46 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.70 (s (br), IH), 3.86 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.50-2.45 (m, IH), 2.22-2.07 (m, 3H), 2.02-1.63 (m, 8H).

Step III: To a stirred mixture of the compound obtained from step II (0.4 g, 1.35 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.56 g, 4.05 mmol) in DMSO (6 mL) at ice bath temperature under N2 atmosphere was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.23g, 1.35 mmol).The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (25)-l-{7V-[2-[4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-l-yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5~ 5 methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.21 g) in 36% yield, m/z (M+l) 434; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.45 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.86-4.76 (m, IH), 4.67 (s (br), IH), 3.93 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.40 (m, 4H), 3.48 (s, 2H), 3.46-2.38 (m, IH), 2.36-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.23-1.70 (m, 12H), 1.65-1.57 (m, IH).

Step I: To a stirred mixture of tricyclo [3.3.1.03,7] nonan-3-amine (0.28 g, 2.0 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.83 g, 6.0 mmol) in DMSO (8 mL) at ice bath temperature under N2 atmosphere 15 was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.34 g, 2.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (25)-1 -[(tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-3-ylamino) acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as a viscous liquid (0.23 g) in 42% yield, m/z (M+l) 274; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 4.87-4.76 (m, IH), 3.71-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.41 (s, 2H), 2.35-2.05 (m, 7H), 1.92-1.74 (m, 6H), 1.68-1.48 (m, 4H).

Example 20 H o CN Example 19A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in example 18 (27 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 |_iL, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with diethyl ether to obtain hydrochloride salt of (2*S)-l-[(tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-ylamino)acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (31 mg). m/z (M+l) 274; *H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz 8 9.44 (s (br), 2H), 4.86 (dd, J= 4.4, 7.0 Hz, IH), 4.10-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.65 (m, IH), 3.60-3.47 (m, IH), 2.48-2.41 (m, IH), 2.34-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.83 (m, 6H), 1.63-1.43 (m,4H). — -3 -t Step I: To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (1-hydroxytricyclo [3.3.1.0 ' ]non-3-yl)carbamate as obtained in preparation 11 (500 mg, 1.97 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added a solution of dry HCl in EtOAc (4N, 5 mL). After the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The crude 15 product was triturated with diethyl ether several times to obtain 3-aminotricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonan-l-ol hydrochloride (280 mg) in 75% yield, m/z (M+l) 154; IH NMR (CD3OD) 300 MHz 8 2.51-2.44 (m, IH), 2.34 (ddd, J = 2.0, 7.0, 8.9 Hz, IH), 2.17-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.71 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.53 (m, 2H).

Step II: To a stirred mixture of the compound obtained in step I (280 mg, 1.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (820 mg, 6 mmol) in DMSO (6 mL) at ice bath temperature under N2 atmosphere was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (205 mg, 1.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc 25 and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain Example 21 (25)-1 - {[(1 -hydroxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)amino] acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as a viscous liquid (150 mg) in 35% yield, m/z (M+l) 291; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 6 4.78 (d, J= 7.0 Hz, IH), 3.75-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 2.45-37 (m IH), 2.35-1.95 (m, 8H), 1.90-1.60 (m, 6H), 1.53-1.40 (m, 2H).

StepI: To a suspension of NaH (60% dispersed in nujol, 0.96 g, 24 mmol) in THF (40 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added hydroxyadamantanone (3.32 g, 20 mmol) 10 dissolved in THF (40 mL) via a syringe over a period of 15 minutes. After stirring the reaction mixture for 30 min., iodomethane (1.38 mL, 22 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h until TLC revealed completion of the reaction. Excess NaH was quenched by adding saturated aq. NH4CI solution to the ice cooled reaction mixture. The two layers were separated and the aqueous 15 layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain crude reaction mass which was purified by column chromatography to yield 5-methoxyadamantan-2-one (3.0 g) in 83% yield, m/z (M+l), 181; !H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.67-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.33 (m, IH), 2.20-1.93 (m, 10H).

StepII: Freshly prepared methyl magnesium iodide in ether (IM, 32 mL), was added through a canula to 5-methoxyadamantan-2-one (3.0 g, 16 mmol) in THF (32 mL) at 0°C. After stirring the mixture at 0°C for 0.5 h, the reaction mixture was quenched by adding saturated aq.N^Cl solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was 25 extracted with diethyl ether. The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to Example 22 OMe obtain 5-methoxy-2-methyladamantan-2-ol as 1:1 anomeric mixture (3.0 g yield, 96%). m/z (M+23), 219; !H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 3.24 (s, 1 lA H), 3.23 ((s, 1 lA H), 2.68-2.62 (m, IH), 2.40-1.55 (m, 10H), 1.53-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.38 (s, 3H).

StepIII: 5-methoxy-2-methyladamantan-2-ol (3.0 g, 15 mmol), dissolved in a mixture of AcOH (3.0 mL) and THF (15 mL) was added dropwise by a dropping funnel to an ice bath cooled solution of NaOCl (4%, 150 mL) over a period of 15 minutes. /2-BU4NI (0.55 g, 1.5 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was separated into two layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with diisopropylether and the 10 combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain hypochlorite which was diluted with methanol (30 mL) and solid KOH (1.68 g, 30 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for lh. The volatiles were removed and the crude product was diluted with ether, washed with water, brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was 15 evaporated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain l-(l-methoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)ethanone (1.92 g) in 66% yield, m/z (M+l) 195; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.29 (s, 3H), 2.69-2.62 (m, IH), 2.57-2.50 (m, IH), 2.26-2.16 (m, IH), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.10-1.61 (m, 7H), 1.59-1.52 (m, 2H).

StepIV: To a mixture of NaOH (5.8 g, 147 mmol), H2O (40.0 mL) and 1,4 dioxane (10 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (2.8 mL, 55.0 mmol) and stirred for 5 minutes. The resulting hypobromite solution was added drop-wise to a stirred solution of 1-(1-methoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03,7]non-3-yl)ethanone obtained from step III (1.9 g, 9.8 mmol), in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) at ice bath temperature. The reaction mixture was gradually warmed 25 to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature and AcOH (3.9 mL, 65.7 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1- methoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid (1.3 g) in 72% yield, m/z (M+l), 197; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.78-2.70 (m, IH), 2.57-2.48 (m, IH), 2.38-2.28 (m, IH), 2.11-2.0 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.69 (m, 5H), 1.59-1.51 (m, 2H).

StepV: To the suspension of 1-methoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid obtained from step IV (0.39 g, 2.0 mmol) in CHCI3 (10 mL) was added conc. H2SO4 (1.0 mL, 20 mmol). Solid NaN3 (0.39 g, 6.0 mmol) was added in portions by keeping the reaction temperature below 40 °C. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hrs, the reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. 10 The aqueous layer was basified by adding 50% NaOH solution and extracted with CHCI3. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent "XI was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1 -methoxytricyclo[3.3.1.0 ' ]nonan-3-amine (0.23 g) in 69% yield, m/z (M+l) 168; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.34 (m, IH), 2.16-2.08 (m, IH), 1.97 (ddd, J= 2.0, 6.8, 8.7 Hz, IH), 1.92-1.53 (m, 7H), 15 1.51-1.38 (m,2H).

StepVI: To a stirred solution of the amino compound obtained by step V (0.16g, 0.95 mmol) in DMSO (4.0 mL) was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.17 g, 0.96 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.4 g, 2.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually 20 warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water ad brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2iS)-l-{[(l-methoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.12 g) in 41% yield, m/z (M+l) 304; IH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 4.82-25 4.75 (m, IH), 3.75-3.40- m, 4H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.47-2.40 (m, IH), 2.35-1.68 (13H), 1.57-1.41 (m,2H).

Example 16A: Hydrochloride salt : To a stirred solution of the compound prepared in example 16 (30 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 |a,L, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with diethyl ether to obtain (25)-l-{[(l-methoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride salt as off-white solid (30 mg).

Example 23 H^f ^ ™ OEt O CN The process is as given for the methoxy compound prepared in Example 16, with the difference that in the first step ethylating agent n-Bu4NI and ethylbromide are used; the remaining process is similar.

Step I: To a suspension of NaH (60% dispersed in nujol, 0.96 g, 24 mmol) in THF (40 mL) 15 cooled to ice bath temperature was added hydroxyadamantanone (3.32 g, 20 mmol) dissolved in THF (40 mL) via a syringe over a period of 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min then n-Bu^NI (0.74 g, 2 mmol) and ethyl bromide (1.6 mL, 22 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h. After cooling the reaction mixture to 0°C, the excess NaH was quenched by adding 20 sat. aq. NH4CI solution. The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude reaction mass, which was purified by column chromatography to yield 5-ethoxyadamantan-2-one (3.0 g) in 77 % yield, m/z (M+l) 195; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.47 (q, J= 7.0 Hz, 25 2H), 2.67-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.30 (m, IH), 2.13-1.78 (m, 10H), 1.17 (t, /= 7.0 Hz, 3H).

Step II: 5-Ethoxy-2-methyladamantan-2-oI from 5-Ethoxyadamantan-2-one, as 1:1 anomeric mixture (1.6 g) in 99% yield, m/z (M+23) 233; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 3.51-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.23 (m, IH), 2.18-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.79-1.47 (m, 7H), 1.46-1.32 (m, 4H), 1.16 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 3H).

StepIII: l-(l-ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)ethanone from 5-Ethoxy-2-methyladamantan -2-ol in 66% yield, m/z (M+l) 209; *H NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 3.49 (q, J- 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.69-2.61 (m, IH), 2.56-2.48 (m, IH), 2.22-2.18 (m, IH), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.02-1.84 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.50 (m, 5H), 1.18 (t, /= 7.1 Hz, 3H).

StepIV: 1-ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.0 ' ]nonane-3-carboxylic acid prepared from 1-(1-ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)ethanone in 68% yield, m/z (M+l) 195; JH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 3.49 (q, J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.75-2.68 (m, IH), 2.52-2.47 (m, IH), 2.36-2.28 (m, IH), 2.10-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.83 (s, 1.86-1.68 (m, 5H), 1.54 (ddd, J= 3.0, 10.9, 13.6 15 Hz 2H), 1.18 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H).

StepV: l-Ethoxytricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine from 1-ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] nonane-3-carboxylic acid in 53% yield, m/z (M+l) 182; JH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 3.49 (q, J= 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.39-2.32 (m, IH), 2.16-2.07 (m, IH), 1.99-1.92 (m, IH), 1.92-20 1.75 (m, 5H), 1.71-1.38 (m, 4H), 1.17 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H).

Step VI: Coupling reaction between amine from step V and cyano pyrrolidine compound to form (25)-1-{[(1-ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03'7] non-3-yl) amino] acetyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbo nitrile in 41% yield, m/z (M+l) 318; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.81-4.75 (m, 25 IH), 3.75-3.40 (m, 6H), 2.45-2.37 (m, IH), 2.36-2.13 (m, 4H), 2.12-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.68 (m, 6H), 1.56 (ddd, J= 3.0, 3.0, 10.5 Hz IH), 1.49-1.41 (m, IH), 1.17 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 3H).

Example 17A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from example 17 (32 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 \xL, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with diethyl ether to obtain the hydrochloride salt 5 of (21S)-l-{[(l-ethoxy tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (30 mg). m/z (M+l) 318; JH NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz 8 9.41 (s (br), 2H), 4.86 (dd, J- 4.6, 6.8 Hz, IH), 4.10-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.65 (m, IH), 3.57-3.25 (m, 3H), 2.48-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.0 (m, 4H), 1.90-1.14 (m, 6H), 1.53-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.06 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 3H).

Step I: To a stirred mixture of the compound obtained in preparation 8 (0.3 g, 1.2 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.5 g, 3.6 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) at ice bath temperature under N2 15 atmosphere was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.14 g, 0.83 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-Butyl-(2S)-1 - {[(1 -amino tricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl) carbamate] acetyl }pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as a viscous liquid (0.18 g) in 40% yield, m/z (M+l) 389; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.79 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, IH), 4.70 (s (br), IH), 3.70-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.32 (m, IH), 2.32-1.90 (m, 6H), 1.90-1.63 (m, 5H), 1.55-1.43 (m, IH).

Example 24 .2 HCl Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in step I (0.04 g, 0.1 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added a solution of dry HCl in EtOAc (3N, 2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product which was triturated with diethyl ether several times to obtain dihydrochloride salt of (2S)-1 - {[(1 -aminotricyclo[3.3.1,03'7]non-3-yl) amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.02 g) in 69% yield, m/z (M+l) 289; JH NMR (DMSO-de) 300 MHz 5 9.69 (s (br), 2H), 8.57 (s (br), 3H), 4.86 (dd, J= 4.4, 7.0 Hz, IH), 4.16-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.65 (m, IH), 3.65-3.50 (m, IH), 2.60-2.55 (m, IH), 2.50-2.43 (m, IH), 2.35-2.18 (m, 4H), 2.13-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.0 (m, 3H), 1.96-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.68-1.60 10 (m, IH), 1.50-1.43 (m, 2H).

Step I: To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (1-hydroxytricyclo [3.3.1.0 ' ]non-3-yl)carbamate 15 obtained from preparation 11 (1.1 g, 4.34 mmol) in dichloromethane cooled to —15°C, under N2 atmosphere was added diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (0.85 mL, 6.51 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 1 h and subsequently stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature and quenched by adding a mixture of crushed ice and solid NaHCOs (1.1 g, 13 mmol). Two 20 layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain fer/-butyl (l-fluorotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non~3-yl)carbamate (0.26 g) as viscous liquid in 24% yield, m/z (M-l) 254; 'H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 2.55-2.40 25 (m, IH), 2.01.75 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.40 (m, 9H), 1.57 (s, 6H), 1.45 (s, 3H).

Example 25 - Ill - Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from step I (0.25 g, 0.98 mmol) in EtOAc (1 mL) cooled to ice bath temperature was added a solution of dry HCl in EtOAc (3N, 3 mL). After stirring the reaction mixture for 2 h, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was triturated with ether several times to obtain 1-5 fluorotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine, hydrochloride salt (0.19 g) in 99% yield, m/z (M+l) 156; IH NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz 5 8.45 (s (br), 2H), 2.47-2.18 (m, 4H), 1.96-1.72 (m, 6H), 1.63 (dd, J= 2.6, 9.5 Hz, IH), 1.50-1.42 (m, IH).

Step III: To a stirred mixture of the hydrochloride salt obtained from step II (0.19 g, 10 0.98 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.53 g, 4.0 mmol) in DMSO (4.0 mL) at ice bath temperature under nitrogen atmosphere (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.17 g, 1.0 mmol) was added. After stirring the reaction mixture at r.t. for 3 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column 15 chromatography to obtain (25)-l-[7V-(2-fluorohexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl) glycyl] pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.11 g) in 38% yield, m/z (M+l) 292; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.80-4.73 (m, IH), 3.77-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 2.50-2.42 (m, IH), 2.87-2.08 (m, 6H), 2.0-1.60 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.42 (m, IH).

Example 23A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from example 23 (29 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 IXL, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with ether to obtain hydrochloride salt of (25)-1-[7V-(2-fluorohexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l.ff)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile 25 as an off-white solid (30 mg).

Example 26 <!r *5 !-> Step I: To a stirred mixture of l-(3-aminotricyclo [3.3.1.0 ' ]non-l-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one prepared as in preparation 9 (0.25 g, 1.1 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.46 g, 3.3 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) at an ice bath temperature was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.2 g, 1.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (2S)-l-{N- [2- (2-oxopyrrolidin-l-yl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a (li/)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as a viscous liquid (0.16 g) in 40% yield, m/z (M+l) 357; *H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 4.78 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, IH), 3.70-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 3.41 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (dd, J= 4.0, 10.2 Hz, IH), 2.40-1.75 (m, 17H), 1.72-1.62 (m, IH), 1.58-1.50 (m, IH).

Example 20A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from example 19 (36 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 jjL, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with ether to obtain the hydrochloride salt of (25)-1 - {/V-[2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1 -yl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a(l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as off-white solid (38 mg).

N. x, Example 27 H V? 0H O CN N Step I: To a stirred mixture of l-( 1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine prepared as in preparation 10 (0.17 g, 0.66 mmol), and K2CO3 (0.28 g, 2.0 mmol) 5 in DMSO (2.6 mL) at ice bath temperature was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.13 g, 0.66 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04,and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by 10 column chromatography to obtain (25)-l-{7V-[2-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a (l//)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidine -2-carbonitrile as a viscous liquid (0.1 g) in 40% yield, m/z (M+l) 393; lK NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 4.80-4.75 (m, IH), 3.70-3.37 (m, 4H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.43-2.37 (m, IH), 2.35-2.13 (m, 9H), 2.05-1.99 (m, IH), 1.95-1.75 (m, 5H), 1.70-1.63 (m, IH), 1.54-15 1.47 (m,lH).

Example 21 A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained in example 20 (39 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 \iL, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and 20 the residue was triturated several times with diethyl ether to obtain the hydrochloride salt of (25)-1 - {JV-[2-( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a (1H)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (41 mg). m/z (M+l) 393; *H NMR (DMSO-de) 300 MHz 8 9.60 (s (br), 2H), 4.86 (dd, /= 4.4, 7.0 Hz, IH), 4.12-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.28 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.19 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.43-2.37 (m, 25 IH), 2.31-2.13 (m, 8H), 2.10-1.97 (m, 3H), 1.96-1.76 (m, 5H), 1.50-1.43 (m, IH).

Example 28 Step I: To a stirred mixture of NaOH (2.4 g, 60.0 mmol), H20 (16 mL), and 1,4 dioxane 5 (2 mL) at ice bath temperature was added Br2 (0.56 mL, 10.4 mmol) and stirred for 15 minutes. The resulting hypobromite solution was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 1 -(1-phenyltricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl)ethanone obtained from preparation I (1.0 g, 4.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) at ice bath temperature. After stirring the reaction mixture at r.t. for 1 h, it was again cooled to ice bath temperature and quenched by adding AcOH (3.6 10 mL, 60 mmol). The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 1-phenyltricyclo [3.3.1.03'7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid (0.62 g) in 64% yield, m/z (M+l) 243; ]H NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.40-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.18 (m, IH), 2.90-2.86 (m, IH), 2.54-2.48 (m, IH), 2, 38 (ddd, J= 2.0, 15 2.0,11.0 Hz, IH), 2.20-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.78 (m, 5H), 1.70 (dd, J= 2.8, 11.5 Hz, IH).

Step II: To a stirred solution of 1-phenyltricyclo [3.3.1.03,7]nonane-3-carboxylic acid (0.6 g, 2.48 mmol) obtained from step I and triethylamine (1.0 mL, 7.44 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) under N2 atmosphere at ice bath temperature was added diphenylphosphoryl azide 20 (0.64 mL, 3.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h, then it was refluxed for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to r.t., washed with water and stirred with aq. KOH solution (50% w/v, 5.0 mL) and «Bu4NI (92 mg, 0.25 mmol) for 2 h at r.t. The reaction mixture was cooled to ice bath temperature, acidified with conc. HCl to pH 2, extracted with diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was basified with 25 aq. NaOH solution (50% w/v) and extracted with chloroform. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SC>4 and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain l-phenyltricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine (0.33 g) as viscous liquid in 62% yield, m/z (M+l) 214; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.40-7.22 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.15 (m, IH), 2.42-2.35 (m, IH), 2.20-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.52 (m, 9H).

Step III: To a stirred mixture of the compound obtained from step II (0.2 g, 0.94 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.39 g, 2.8 mmol) in DMSO (4.0 mL) at ice bath temperature under nitrogen atomsphere (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.16 g, 0.94 mmol) was added. After stirring the reaction mixture for 3 h at r.t., it was diluted with EtOAc and 10 washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain (25)-1 - [7V-(2-phenylhexahydro-2,5 -methanopentalen-3 a(l//)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as off-white solid (0.16 g) in 48% yield, m/z (M+l) 350; rH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.35-7.16 (m, 5H), 4.4.85-4.76 (m, IH), 3.76-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 2H), 2.48-15 2.41 (m, IH), 2.36-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.0 (m, 6H), 1.94-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.66-1.60 (m, IH).

Example 26A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from example 26 (35 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (25 |o.L, 0.2 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and 20 the residue was triturated several times with diethyl ether to obtain the hydrochloride salt of (25)-l-[7V-(2-phenylhexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li7)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (38 mg).

Example 29 NO, To a stirred mixture of 1 -(4-nitrophenyl)tricyclo[3.3.1,03'7]nonan-3-amine as obtained in Step III preparation 4 (0.77 g, 3.0 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.25 g, 9.0 mmol) in DMSO (12 mL) 5 at ice bath temperature under N2 atmosphere was added (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.51 g, 3.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column 10 chromatography to obtain (25)-1 - {7V-[2~(4-nitrophenyl) hexahydro -2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l#)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (0.5 g) in 42% yield, m/z (M+l) 395; lH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 8.14 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.41 ((d, J= 8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.83-4.73 (m, IH), 3.78-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 2H), 2.51-2.45 (m, IH), 2.37-2.06 (m, 6H), 2.02-1.60 (m, 9H).

To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from example 29 (0.2 g, 0.51 mmol) in a 1:2:4 mixture of water, THF, and ethanol (7 mL) respectively was sequentially added solid 20 NH4CI (0.1 g, 1.87 mmol) and Fe powder (0.1 g, 1.78 mmol). The reaction mixture was Example 30 NH2 heated to reflux for 2h. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, it was filtered through a small pad of celite and washed the bed with EtOAc. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous 5 Na2S04, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain (25)-l-{7V-[2-(4- aminophenyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(lf/)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile as off-white solid (0.09 g) in 50% yield, m/z (M+l) 365; NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 8 7.05 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.63 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.90-4.75 (m, IH), 3.80-3.40 (m, 4H), 2.45-1.70 (m, 15H), 1.65-1.57 (m, IH).

Step I: A stirred mixture of the compound obtained in preparation 3 (1.1 g, 3.18 mmol), sodium cyanide (0.164 g, 3.5 mmol) in DMF (7.0 mL) was heated to 110°C for 12 h. The 15 reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-butyl [l-(cyanomethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-3-yl]carbamate as viscous liquid (0.3 g) in 34% yield, m/z (M+l), 277; IH NMR (CDCI3) 20 300 MHz 8 4.73 (bs, IH), 2.60-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 2H), 2.20-1.40 (s, 10H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from step I (0.25 g, 0.9 mmol) in a l:l-mixture of ethanol and water (9 mL) at room temperature was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.32 g, 4.5 mmol) followed by solid Na2C03 (0.57 g, 5.4 mmol). The 25 reaction mixture was refluxed for 12 h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure Example 31 and the residue was dissolved in ethylacetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in trimethyl orthoformate (0.2 mL) and a catalytic amount of camphor sulfonic acid was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 4 h. The volatiles were removed 5 under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-butyl [l-(l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.0 ' ]non-3-yl]carbamate (0.15 g) in 51% yield as viscous liquid. . m/z (M+l), 320; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 8.62 (s, IH), 4.71 (bs, IH), 2.79 (s, 2H), 2.48-2.38 (m, IH), 2.35-2.28 (m, IH), 2.10-1.88 (m, 4H), 1.74 (dd, J= 2.8,10.5 Hz, 2H), 1.65-1.38 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, (H).

Step III: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from step II (0.15 g, 0.47 mmol) in CH2CI2 (2 mL) cooled to 0°C was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL). The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for lh. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with ether to 15 obtain 1-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl) tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine, trifluoroacetic acid salt as a white powder (0.12 g) in 77% yield, m/z (M+l), 220; IH NMR (DMSO-dg) 300 MHz 6 9.53 (s, IH), 8.09 (bs, 3H), 2.78 (s, 2H), 2.38-2.25 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.42 (m,4H).

Step IV: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from step III (0.12 g, 0.36 mmol) in DMSO (1.5 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere was added, (S)-l-(2-chloro-acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.06 g, 0.0.36 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.2 g, 1.44 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture for 3 h, it was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced 25 pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain ((25)-1 -{iV-[2-(l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl) hexahydro-2,5-methano pentalen-3 a( 1 #)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetonitrile as an off-white solid (0.05 g) in 40% yield, m/z (M+l), 356; IH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 8.64 (s, 1H), 4.84-4.75 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.49 (s, 2H), 2.81 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.10 (m, 6H), 1.92-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.68-1.48 (m, 4H).

Example 31 A: Hydrochloride salt: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from 5 example 31 (20 mg, 0.056 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TMS-C1 (15 (iL, 0.12 mmol). After 30 minutes, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated several times with ether to obtain the hydrochloride salt of the compound as an off-white solid (21 mg).

Example 32 Step I: To a stirred suspension of NaH (50% dispersed in nujol, 50 mg, 1.05 mmol) in THF (3 mL) cooled to 0°C, under N2 atmosphere was added drop-wise with a syringe a solution of the compound obtained in Example 19, step I (0.3 g, 0.7 mmol) in THF (4 mL). After 15 stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for 30 minutes, it was cooled again to ice-bath temperature and Mel (0.1 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. Excess NaH was quenched by adding aq. NH4CI solution after cooling the reaction mixture to ice-bath temperature. The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic 20 layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain tert-bxxtyl [2-[4-(3-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1 -yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5- CH.

Claims (52)

WO 2007/113634 PCT/IB2007/000830 -120- methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]carbamate (250mg) as an off-white solid in 80 % yield, m/z (M+l), 446; IH NMR (CDC13) 300 MHz 5 7.48 (d,J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.43-7.30 (m, 5H), 7.28-7.18 (m, 2H), 5.17-5.03 (m, 3H), 3.80 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.61-2.52 (m, IH), 2.48-2.40 (m, IH), 2.32-1.55 (m, 10H). 5 Step II: To a stirred solution of the compound obtained from step I (0.25 g, 0.56 mmol) in a 1:1-mixture of CH2CI2 and MeOH (10 mL) was added Pd/C (10% w/w, 0.1 g) and stirred at room temperature under H2 atmosphere for 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 10 1 -[4-(3a-aminohexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-2(lif)-yl)phenyl]-3-methylimidazolidin-2-one (0.15 g) as an off-white solid in 86% yield. M.R. 227-230°C; m/z (M+l), 312; IR cm—1 3416, 3249, 2964, 1682, 1519, 1485, 1261, 810; IH NMR (CDCl3+DMSO-d6) 300 MHz 5 8.38 (bs, 2H), 7.47 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (t, J= 1A Hz, 2H), 3.43 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.48-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.14 (m, IH), 2.10-2.0 15 (m, 2H), 2.0-1.86 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.60 (m, 3H). Step TTI: To a stirred mixture of the compound obtained from step II (0.15 g, 0.48 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.21 g, 1.5 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) at ice bath temperature was added compound (S)-1 -(2-chloro-acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (0.09 g, 0.5 mmol). The 20 reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction (checked by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried over Na2S04, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain ((2.S)-1 - {iV-[2-[4-(3-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1 -yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methano 25 pentalen-3 a( l//)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl) acetonitrile as an off-white solid (0.09 g) in 42% yield, m/z (M+l) 449; IH NMR (CDCI3) 300 MHz 8 7.47 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (t, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.85-4.76 (m, IH), 3.79 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.40 (m, 4H), 3.48 (s, 2H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.46-2.39 (m, IH), 2.36-2.15 (m, 3H), 2.12-1.58 (m, 12H). RECEIVED at IPONZ on 21 Apr 2011 - 121 - CLAIMS i. A compound of formula I, or a tautomeric form, stereoisomer, diastereomer, polymorph, pharmaeeutically acceptable salt or pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, wherein: X= CH2, CHF, CF2, CHC1, CHOH, CHOCH3, NH, NCOCH3, CHPh, O, or S, Y = CN, Ri and Rs are selected from hydrogen, C1-c4 alkyl, and hydroxy, Ri is selected from hydrogen, C1-c4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C[_4 alkoxy C

1.4 alkyl, Ci-4 hydroxyalkyl, r5nhc1-4 alkyl, and r5nhc(NH)NHCi-4 alkyl, R i is selected from hydrogen and C1-c4 alkyl, R4 is selected from hydrogen, C1-c4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1-c4 alkoxy, C1-c4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, C2-C6 alkenyl, acyl, and halogen, n =1 or 2, m = 0, 1, or 2, R = R11, R12, or Ru, in which Ru comprises at least one of the groups selected from below a), b), or c), whereupon the optionally substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl groups are linked to the nor-adamantyl moiety either directly or via a methylene or ethylene adjacent, either by C-C linkage or by C-N linkage; a) cycloalkyl group which is optionally substituted by C1-c4 alkyl, dialkyl, or oxo, RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 122- b) optionally substituted heteroaryl group in which the heteroaryl ring is a monocyclic aromatic ring system or a bicyclic aromatic ring system comprising one, two, or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, and wherein the substituents of the heteroaryl ring system are selected from the group consisting of Rs and Ry, wherein Re is hydrogen, C1-c4 alkyl, c2-c4 alkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxy alkyl, alkylamino, haloalkyl, amino, acyl, coor9, or cor9, and r7 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, amino, nitro, Ci-C8 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, COOR9, CONR8R9, COR,, NHCOORg, NHS(0)2R8, NHS(0)R8, NHS(0)2NHR8, NR8COOR9, NR8COR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8, OSO2R8, OCONRsR9, SO2R8, SOR8, SR8, S02NR8R9, S(0)20R8, and when Rg and Ry are present on adjacent carbons of the ring system, they may together form a six membered aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring; c) heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by C1-c3 alkyl, dialkyl and oxo groups, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 4- to 10-mcmbcrcd mono- or bicyclic ring system with one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein the heteroatoms can also be present as functional groups which are selected from N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides, wherein the heterocyclic ring system may contain one or two double bonds, wherein the monocyclic heterocyclic ring may be optionally fused to a heteroaryl, aryl, or a cycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with C1-c5 alkyl, halogens, hydroxy, amino, nitro, haloalkyl, alkylamino, carboxy, NH(CO)R8, NHS(0)2R8, NHC(0)NHR9, NHSOR8, NHS(0)2NHR8, NRsCOOR9, NRsCOR9, NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R9, NHC(0)NHS(0)2R», RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 123 - r12 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, carboxy, nitro, amino, cyano, alkyl sulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, aniidinyl, alkoxy, alkoxy carbonylamino, urcido, thiurcido, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, alkanoyl amino, carbamoyl, guanidyl, optionally substituted Ci-C8 alkyl, and C2-C<, alkenyl; Ru is optionally substituted aryl, wherein the substitucnts may be the same or different and comprises at least one of the groups selected from a) hydrogen; b) Ci-C-g alkyl, C2-C(, alkenyl, halo, alkylhalo, alkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, acyl amino, carbonylamino, guanidyl, nitro, amino, COORg, R8NHC(0)R9, COR9, CONR8R9, NHC(0)0R8, NHC(0)R8, NHC(0)NR8R9, NHC(0)NR8R9, NHS(0)2R8, NHS(0)R8, NHS(0)2NHR8, NHS(0)2NHC(0)R8, NRgCOOR,, NR8COR(), NR8S(0)2R9, NR8CONR8R9, NR8C(S)NR8R<>, NHC(0)NHS(0)2R8, S(0)2R8, SOR8, SR8, S(0)2NR8R9, ocf3, 0S(0)2R8, or 0C(0)NR8R9; c) saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic heterocyclic ring system optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from C1-c3 alkyl, C2-Ce, alkenyl, dialkyl, and oxo, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 4- to 10-mctnbcrcd ring with one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, wherein the heteroatoms can also be present as functional groups which are selected from N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides, wherein R8, R9, and Rio, which are optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, cyano, nitro, alkyl, acyl, acyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, amino, alkylthio, or thioalkyl groups, may be the same or different and arc individually selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-C8 alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy carbonyl, and arylalkoxy carbonyl and when R8 and R9 are present together on a nitrogen atom they may form a 5- or 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or unsaturated cyclic system containing carbon atoms, at least one RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 124- nitrogen atom and optionally one or more other heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein for Ru, the cycloalkyl group is a c4-c7 ring system.

3. The compound of claim 1, wherein for Rn, the cycloalkyl group is a C5-C6 ring system.

4. The compound of any one of claims I to 3, wherein for Ru, the optionally substituted heteroaryl group is a 5 to 10 membered ring system.

5. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein for Rg and R7, the six membered aromatic ring is phenyl.

6. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein for Rs and r7, the heterocyclic ring is pyridine.

7. The compound of claim 5 or claim 6, wherein for Rf, and R?, the six membered aromatic ring or the heterocyclic ring includes further substiaitions selected from the group consisting of amino, hydroxy, alkyl, alkyl sulfonyl, alkyl thio, alkyl sulfinyl, carboxy, and oxo.

8. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 which is represented by formula la: RECEIVED at IPONZ on 21 Apr 2011 - 125 - or a tautomeric form, stereoisomer, diastereomer, polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pharmaccutically acccptablc solvate thereof, wherein X = CH2, CHF, S, Y = CN, R_i is independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C4 alkyl, R4 is sclcctcd from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, C2-C6 alkenyl, acyl, and halogen, n =1 or 2, m = 0, 1, or 2, R is Ru, R12, or R13, Ru, Ru, and Ru are as defined in claim 1,

9. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R is Rn, m is 1, R3 is hydrogen, R4 is hydrogen, n is 1, Y is CN, X is CH2, CHF, or S, R n is as defined in claim 1.

10. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 126- R is Ru or Rn, m is 0, Ri_ R2, R3, and R4 arc hydrogen, n is 1, Y is CN, X is CH2, CHF, or S, Rn and R12 arc as defined in claim 1.

11. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R is R13, m is 0, Ri, R2, r3, and R4 are hydrogens, n is 1, Y is CN, X is CH2, CHF, S, r13 is as defined in claim 1.

12. A compound selected from the group consisting of (2j)-l-[l_ff-l,2,4-triazol-l-ylmethyl-(tricyclo[3.3.1.03'']non-3-ylamino)acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2i,,4,S')-4-fluoro-l-{/V-[2-(l//-l,2.4-triazol-l-ylmethyl )hexahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (21S!,4^)-4-fluoro-l-{A'-[2-(l//-l,2,4-triazol-l-ylmethyl)hexahydro-2.5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(W)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (4A')-3-{A'-[2-(l//-l,2,4-triazol-l-ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl }-l ,3-thiazolidinc-4-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 127- (2S)-l-{A?-[2-(l.ff-tetrazol-l-ylmethyl) hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l.ff)-yl] glycyl }pyrrolidine-2-carboriitri1e or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (25)-1 - {.V-[2-[(4-mcthylpipcrazin-l -yl)mcthyl]hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l-ff)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (25T)-l-{/V-[2-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmcthyl)hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (2 S)-1 - {7V-[2-[( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen -3a( l.ff)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbomtrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (25)-l-{Ar-[2-[(2,4-dioxo-l,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)mcthyl]hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l.ff)-yl]glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2S)-1 - {N-[2-[(l ,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2yl)methyl]hexahydro-2,5-methano pcntalcn-3a(lH)-yl] glycyl }pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, and ((25)-l-{A'-[2-(l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l.ff)-yl] glycyl }pyrrolidin-2-yl) acctonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof.

13. A compound selected from the group consisting of (.2S)-1 - {A'-[2-[4-( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(lW)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (2.S',4S)-l-{Af-[2-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (2S,4R)-1 - {N- [2-[4-( 1,1 -dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 128 - (4i?)-3-{A-[2-[4-(l ,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopen talen-3 a( 1//)-yl]glycy1}-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonitri1e or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (25)-l- {A?-[2-[4-(2-oxapyrrolidin-l-yl) phenyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a(l.ff)-yl glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (25,4A)-4-fluoro-l -{,V-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-l -1 )phcnyl] hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3 a(l.ff)-yl] glycyl }pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (4R)-3-{N-[2-[4-(2-oxopyrro1idin-1-y1)pheny1]hexahydro-2,5methanopenta1en-3a(l//) yl]glycyl}-l,3-thiazolidinc-4-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (25)-l-{A'-[2-[4-(l//-pyrrol-l-yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l./f)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (25)-l-{N-[2-[4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-l-yi)phcnyl]hcxahydro-2,5-methanopcntalcn-3a(l i/)-yl] glycyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, and ((25)-1 - {A'-[2-[4-(3-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1 -yl)phenyl] hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l//)-yl]glycy1}pyrrolidin-2-yl)acctonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof.

14. A compound selected from the group consisting of (25)-l-[(tricyclo [3.3.1.03'']non-3-ylamino) acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitri1e or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, (25)-1 - {[(1 -hydroxytricy clo[3.3.1.03 '] non-3-yl)amino] acetyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (25)-l-{[(l-mcthoxytricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]non-3-yl)amino]acctyl}pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (25)-1 - {[(1 -ethoxytricyclo [3.3.1.03' ] non-3-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 129- ^^^-{[(l-aminotricyclop.S.l.O^'Jnon-S-y^aminoJacetylJpyrrolidine^-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, and (25)-l-[,V-(2-fiuorohcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(1/7)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof.

15. A compound selected from the group consisting of (25)-l-{/V-[2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-l-yl) hcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (2.S!)-l-{A'-[2-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl] glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (25)-l-[A'-(2-phcnylhcxahydro-2,5-mcthanopcntalcn-3a(li/)-yl)glycyl]pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof, (21S!)-l-{A-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(l//)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidinc-2-carbonitrilc or a salt, enantiomer, or raccmatc thereof, and (2 S)-1 - {N- [2-(4-aminophenyl)hexahydro-2,5 -methanopentalen-3a( l.H)-yl]glycyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a salt, enantiomer, or racemate thereof.

16. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or 11 to 15, wherein the salt or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is selected from the group consisting of salts derived from inorganic bases; salts of organic bases; chiral bases; salts of natural amino acids; salts of unnatural amino acids; salts of acidic amino acids; salts of guanidine or substituted guanidincs, wherein the substitucnts arc selected from nitro, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, ammonium or substituted ammonium salts; and wherein the salts may include acid addition salts.

17. The compound of claim 16, wherein the salts derived from inorganic bases are selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, and Mn. RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 130 -

18. The compound of claim 16, wherein the salts of organic basis are selected from the group consisting of NN'-diacetylethylenediamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, isopropylaminc, morpholinc, pipcrazine, pipcridinc, procaine, dicthylaminc, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine, adamantyl amine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N,N-benzyl phenylethylamine, choline hydroxide, dicyclohcxylamine, metformin, bcnzylaminc, phenylethylamine, dialkylaminc, trialkylaminc, thiamine, aminopyrimidinc, aminopyridinc, purine, pyrimidinc, and spermidine.

19. The compound of claim 16, wherein the salts of natural amino acids are selected from the group consisting of glycine, alanine, valine, lcucinc, isolcucinc, norlcucinc, tyrosine, cystine, cysteine, methionine, proline, hydroxy proline, histidine, ornithine, lysine, arginine, serine, threonine, and phenylalanine.

20. The compound of claim 16, wherein the unnatural amino acids are D-isomers or substituted amino acids.

21. The compound of claim 16, wherein the acidic amino acids arc aspartic acid or glutamic acid.

22. The compound of claim 16, wherein the acid addition salts are selected from the group consisting of sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, pcrchloratcs, borates, hydrohalidcs, acetates, tartrates, maleates, citrates, succinates, palmoates, methanesulfonates, benzoates, salicylates, hydroxynaphthoates, benzenesulfonates, ascorbates, glycerophosphates, and kctoglutaratcs.

23. The compound of claim 22, wherein the hydrohalides are selected from the group consisting of HCl, HBr, and HI. RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 131 -

24. The compound of claim 16, wherein the chiral bases are selected from the group consisting of alkylphcnylaminc, glycinol, and phenyl glycinol.

25. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula 1 comprising the coupling of a compound of formula IT, which is in its free form, in form of a salt, or in protected form, with a compound of formula III wherein P is hydrogen or a protecting group, L is a leaving group, and R, Ri, R2, Rj, r4, X, Y, n, and m are as defined in claim 1.

26. A process according to claim 25, wherein the coupling reaction is performed in an inert solvent and in the presence of a base.

27. A process according to claim 26, wherein the inert solvent is selected from dichloromethane, dimethyl formamidc, DMSO, tctrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile. I II RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 132 -

28. A process according to claim 26 or claim 27, wherein the base is selected from tertiary amines, carbonates, hydroxides, and any mixture thereof.

29. A process according to any one of claims 25 to 28 wherein the coupling reaction is performed at a temperature ranging from about -5°C to about 120°C.

30. A proccss according to any one of claims 25 to 29, wherein the leaving group L is selected from halogens, O-toluene sulfonyl, and O-methyl sulfonyl.

31. A process according to claim 30, wherein the halogens are selected from chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

32. A process according to any one of claims 25 to 31, wherein P is selected from a t-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) or a carbobcnzyloxy (Cbz).

33. A process according to any one of claims 25 to 32, wherein the coupling reaction is performed for about 0.5 to 72 hours.

34. A process according to any one of claims 25 to 32, wherein the coupling reaction is performed for 0.5 to 60 hours.

35. An intermediate compound of formula II in its free form, in form of a salt, or in protected form RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 133 - It wherein R, R3, R4, and m are defined as in claim 1 and P is hydrogen or a protecting group.

36. A intermediate compound according to claim 35 selected from 1 -(IH-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03 ]nonan-3-amine, l-( l//-tetrazol-l-ylmethyl)tricyclo[3.3.1,03'7]nonan-3-amine, !-[(! ,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)mcthyl]tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonan-3-aminc, 1-[(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)methyl]tricyclo[3.3.1.03']nonan-3-amine, 1 -(thiomorpholin-4-y1methy1)tricyclo[3.3.1,03'7]nonan-3-amine, 3-[(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03,']non-l-yl)mcthy]]-1,3-thiazolidinc-2,4-dionc, 2-[(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl)methyl]-li/-isoindole-l,3(2i?)-dione, l-[4-(l,l-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)phenyl]tricyclo[3.3.1.03'']nonan-3-amine, l-[4-(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-l-yl)phcnyl]pyrrolidin-2-onc, 3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1,03,7]nonan-]-ol, 1-methoxytricyclo[3.3.1,03']nonan-3-amine, 1 -ethoxytricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine, tricyc1o[3.3.1.03'7]nonane-1, 3-diamine, 1 -fluorotricyclo[3.3.1,03'7]nonan-3-aminc, 1 -(3-aminotricyclo [3.3.1.0"3 ]non-1 -yl)pyrrolidin-2-one, 1 -(1,1 -dioxidoisothiazo1idin-2-y1)tricydo[3.3.1.03'']nonan-3-amine, 1-phcny1tricyclo[3.3.1,03'7]nonan-3-aminc, 2-[4-(li7-pyrrol-l-yl)phenyl]hexahydro-2,5-methanopentalen-3a(li?)-amine, 1 -[4-(3-aminotricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]non-1 -yl)phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 134 - 1 -(4-nitroplienyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.03'7]nonan-3-amine, and l-(4-aminophenyl)tricyc1o[3.3.1.03 7]nonan-3-amine in its free form or, a salt, or as a compound where the amine-group is protected.

37. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a) a compound of formula I as defined in any otic of claims 1 to 24, or its pharmaccutically acccptablc salt, or its pharmaceutically acceptable solvate, and b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.

38. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 37, which is in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder, syrup, solution, or suspension.

39. A compound of formula I as defined in any one of the claims 1 to 24, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or its pharmaceutically acceptable solvate adapted for treating or preventing diabetes or a diabetic complication.

40. A compound of formula T as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or its pharmaceutically acceptable solvate adapted for treating and/or preventing type II diabetes, for the treatment of a metabolic disorder, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, a diabetic complication, dislipidcmia, hypercholesteremia, hypolipidcmia, or obesity, for the prevention of hyperglycemia, for lowering blood glucose, or for the reduction of bodyweight.

41. The compound of claim 39 or claim 40, wherein the diabetic complication is selected from the group consisting of coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy. RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 135 -

42. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 37 or claim 38 formulated for treating and/or preventing type TT diabetes, for the treatment of a metabolic disorder, impaired glucosc tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, a diabetic complication, dislipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypolipidemia, or obesity, for the prevention of hyperglycemia, for lowering blood glucose, or for the reduction of bodyweight.

43. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 42, wherein the diabctic complication is selected from the group consisting of coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy.

44. Use of a compound of formula (T) as defined in any one of claims I to 24, or its pharmaccutically acccptablc salt, or its pharmaccutically acccptablc solvate for preparing a medicament for the treatment or prevention of diabetes or a diabetic complication.

45. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 37 or claim 38 for preparing a medicament for the treatment or prevention of diabetes or a diabetic complication.

46. Use of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or its pharmaceutically acceptable solvate for preparing a medicament for the prevention of hyperglycemia or type TT diabetes, for the treatment of type II diabetes, a diabctic complication, a metabolic disorder, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, obesity, dislipidemia, hypercholesteremia, or hypolipidemia, or for the reduction of blood glucose levels or bodyweight. RECEIVED at IPONZ on 16 Mar 2011 - 136 -

47. The use of any one of claims 44 to 46, wherein the diabetic complication is selected from the group consisting of coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy.

48. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or 39 to 41 substantially as described herein with reference to any one of the Examples thereof.

49. The process according to any one of claims 25 to 34 substantially as described herein with reference to any one of the Examples thereof.

50. The intermediate according to claim 35 or claim 36 substantially as described herein with reference to any one of the Examples thereof.

51. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 37, 38, 42 or 43 substantially as described herein with referenc e to any one of the Examples thereof.

52. The use according to any one of claims 44 to 47 substantially as described herein with rcfcrcncc to any one of the Examples thereof.