NZ554090A

NZ554090A - Process for producing a paper or board and a paper or board produced according to the process

Info

Publication number: NZ554090A
Application number: NZ554090A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: Mats Fredlund; Lars Wagberg; Hans Hallgren; Hans Hoglund; Gunilla Pettersson
Original assignee: Stora Enso Ab
Priority date: 2004-10-15
Filing date: 2005-10-13
Publication date: 2009-07-31
Also published as: ES2377754T3; DK1799905T3; RU2007117910A; CN101040083B; EP1799905A4; JP4976300B2; CN101040083A; CA2581361A1; EP1799905B1; ATE537298T1; US20080023164A1; WO2006041401A1; JP2008517174A; RU2367739C2; BRPI0516078A; EP1799905A1

Abstract

The present disclosure concerns a process for producing a paper or board product, which process comprises providing a furnish comprising fibers; subjecting a first portion (1) of the furnish to polymer treatment, in which polymers are added to the furnish in at least two steps; blending said polymer treated first portion with an untreated second portion (2) of the furnish; and dewatering the furnish on a wire to form a fiber web. By treating only a portion of the furnish, the strength of the resulting paper or board product is significantly improved whereas the bulk remains substantially unaffected. The disclosure also concerns a paper or board product produced according to the process.

Description

554090 1 pCT/SE2005/001520 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A PAPER OR BOARD AND A PAPER OR BOARD PRODUCED ACCORDING TO THE PROCESS The present invention relates to a process for producing a paper or board product 5 wherein the furnish used is partially treated with polymers in steps.

Background of the invention In paper making processes there is a desire in obtaining strong paper and board 10 products having high bulk (low density). Paper and board products having high bulk require a smaller amount of fibers, which is desirable especially for economical reasons. Bulky board products with low fiber content have better bending stiffness. Paper and board products are typically produced by dewatering furnish on a wire. The furnish often contains a mixture of different pulps, including both chemical pulps and 15 mechanical pulps. In order to produce a bulkier sheet with higher structural stiffness the interest in using mechanical pulps with high freeness has increased. To obtain the best result the mechanical pulp should contain long, intact fibers and as little fine material as possible. However, pulps that are rich in stiff, long fibers unfortunately show poor ability to produce sufficient fiber bonding of the paper or board. The bulk 20 and strength properties of the resulting paper or board will therefore be a compromise between the ability of the pulp to increase the bulk and its ability to increase the fiber bonding properties of the paper or board.

The fiber bonding properties of mechanical pulp may also be improved by treatment 25 with chemical additives. The predominant treatment for improving strength, particularly dry strength, of paper or board has so far been to add cationic starch to the pulp fiber slurry prior to the sheet forming operation. It is however difficult to adsorb large amounts of starch to the fibers, especially when the fines amount is small. The cationic starch molecules added to the pulp slurries can adhere to the naturally 30 anionic pulp fibers by electrostatic attraction and thus be retained in the wet fiber mat and remain in the final paper or board. 554090 2 PC17SE2005/001520 However, there are two major problems with cationically modified starches as additives to paper-making pulp slurries. The first is that the cationic starch molecules can overwhelm the anionic charge on the cellulose fibers, thus setting a limit on the amount of cationic starch which can be added to the slurry. If an excess of cationic 5 starch is added, only a portion of the starch which is added will be retained in the sheet and the rest will circulate in the paper or board machine white water system. A second problems is that fibers which have been made cationic by excessive cationic starch addition, will not be able to adsorb other cationic additives which are commonly added the to the pulp slurry, such as sizing agents.

Another method to enhance the strength properties of paper is to treat the fibers with polymers. Such a method is described in WO 0032702 Al, in which particles, such as fibers, are provided with a multilayer coating of interacting polymers. The particles are treated in consecutive steps with solutions of the interacting polymers. Before each 15 subsequent treatment step unabsorbed excess of the polymer of the previous step must be removed, unless the polymer amount added in each step is carefully controlled, such that substantially all polymer is absorbed to the particle surface and no excess remains.

By treating the pulp according to the method described in WO 0032702 more polymers are added to and retained in the paper. Paper produced from the treated pulp has an improved strength. However, the polymer treatment according to this method has been found to have a negative effect on the bulk of the paper, i.e. the density of the paper becomes undesirably high. The polymer treatment is also rather polymer 25 consuming. There is thus a need for a method of producing paper or board, which has an improved strength without negatively affecting the bulk. 554090 3 Summary of the invention The object of the invention is to provide a method of producing paper or board, which has an improved strength, without adversely affecting the bulk. Additionally and/or alternatively, it is an object of the invention to provide the public with a useful choice.

This object is achieved by the process according to claim 1. It has now been found that by subjecting only a portion of the furnish to polymer treatment, the strength of the resulting paper or board product is significantly improved whereas the bulk remains substantially unaffected. The above object is thus achieved by the present invention as defined by the appended independent claims. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims 10 and in the following description.

The present invention concerns a process for producing a paper or board product, which process comprises providing a furnish comprising fibers; subjecting a first portion of the furnish to polymer treatment, in which polymers are added to the furnish in at least two steps; blending said polymer treated first portion with an untreated second portion of the furnish; 15 and dewatering the furnish on a wire to form a fiber web. By treating only a portion of the furnish, the strength of the resulting paper or board product is significantly improved whereas the bulk remains substantially unaffected.

The term 'comprising' as used in this specification means 'consisting at least in part of. When interpreting each statement in this specification that includes the term "comprising", 20 features other than that or those prefaced by the term may also be present. Related terms such as 'comprise' and 'comprises' are to be interpreted in the same manner.

Said first furnish portion preferably comprises 20-80% by weight of the total furnish weight. In one embodiment said first furnish portion comprises the longest fibers present in the furnish. The polymer treatment is preferably performed on a first furnish portion which 25 comprises sulphate or sulfite pulp from soft wood fibers. The furnish may comprise fillers and optionally other paper making additives, which fillers and additives may be added subsequent to the polymer treatment of said first furnish portion. Alternatively, fillers and additives may instead be added prior to the polymer treatment of said first furnish portion.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE OF MZ. 1 8 JUN 2009 RECEIVED 2016496_l.doc 554090 4 PC17SE2005/001520 The polymer used in each of the consecutive polymer treatment steps is preferably interacting with the polymer used in the subsequent step. The polymer treatment preferably includes one step in which cationic polymer is added, and at least one step in which anionic polymer is added. By alternating cationic and anionic polymer 5 additions one theory is that interacting polymer layers are obtained. The cationic polymer is preferably cationic starch and the anionic polymer is preferably CMC. The polymer treatment comprises two to seven steps. The polymer treatment preferably comprises three to seven consecutive steps.

The invention also relates to a paper or board product produced according to the process of the present invention.

Short description of the drawings Figure 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the process of the present invention; Figure 2 is a diagram which shows a comparison of density and strength of paper produced according to the present invention and produced according to the prior art process.

Detailed description of the invention The invention relates to a process for producing paper or board from a furnish, of which a portion has been treated with polymers in at least two steps. The invention 25 also relates to a paper or board product produced according to the process of the present invention.

Treatment of the furnish according to the prior art as described in WO 0032702, the entire furnish is treated with cationic and anionic polymers in consecutive steps, the 30 amount polymers in the paper or board product can be increased. Thus, it is possible ^4090 for example to produce a paper or board with high amounts of cationic starch and consequently receive a very strong paper or board product.

It has now been found that by treating only a portion of the pulp with polymers in two 5 or more polymer treatment steps, the amount of polymers added to the furnish is reduced seen to the whole pulp furnish, and the strength properties of the paper or board are surprisingly still very good in spite of the decreased polymer addition. Even more surprisingly, the bulk of the paper or board product is only slightly increased as compared to a paper or board product to which no polymers have been added. A low 10 density increase as possible is important in order to obtain a board having high bending stiffness at certain strength value.

The present process for producing a paper or board product, comprises providing a furnish comprising fibers; subjecting a first portion (1) of the furnish to polymer 15 treatment, in which polymers are added to the furnish in at least two steps; blending said polymer treated first portion with an untreated second portion (2) of the furnish; and dewatering the furnish on a wire to form a fiber web. By treating only a portion of the furnish, the strength of the resulting paper or board product is thus surprisingly significantly improved whereas the bulk remains substantially unaffected. Said first 20 furnish portion comprises 20-80% by weight of the total furnish weight, preferably 20-50% of the total furnish weight. The percentage of the first portion is adjusted in order to achieve the desired strength and density of the product while keeping the amount of polymers added as low as possible. If said first portion is too small, the increase in strength of the product will not be sufficient, since the portion of the furnish that is 25 treated with polymers is mixed with a larger portion untreated furnish. On the other hand, if the first portion is too large, the addition of polymer needed increases more than what the product gains in strength and also the density of the product will increase (i.e. decrease in bulk). The appropriate amount of the first portion also depends on the properties of the furnish of the first portion as well as of the second 30 portion. The furnish typically contains a mixture of different kinds of pulp, for example chemical pulp (hardwood pulp, softwood pulp, sulphate pulp or sulfite pulp) 554090 or mechanical pulp (CTMP or TMP). In one embodiment said first furnish portion comprises the longest fibers present in the furnish. These fibers contribute more to the strength of the final product, than shorter fibers and the polymer treatment will therefore be particularly efficient when performed on a furnish portion containing the 5 longest fibers. The polymer treatment is preferably performed on a first furnish portion which comprises sulphate or sulfite pulp, since these pulps comprise long fibers as compared to other pulps. Treatment of a furnish portion comprising sulphate or sulfite pulp is therefore a convenient way of selecting a long fiber portion of the final blended furnish. However, the above mentioned first furnish portion which is subjected to 10 polymer treatment can comprise any part of the furnish. The furnish may also comprise fillers and optionally other paper making additives, which fillers and additives may be added subsequent to the polymer treatment of said first furnish portion. Alternatively, fillers and additives may instead be added prior to the polymer treatment of said first furnish portion. Some paper and board qualities contain filler or 15 other additives which improves the surface properties of the paper. However, the filler particles also affect the strength of the paper in a negative way. One theory is that when a furnish containing filler and additives is treated with polymers according to the invention, filler particles and additives bond stronger to other particles or to the fibers, and consequently a high filler content does not affect the strength of the paper to the 20 same extent.

The polymer used in each of the consecutive polymer treatment steps is preferably interacting with the polymer used in the subsequent step, thereby enabling a larger amount of polymers to be attached to the fibers and thus results in increased strength 25 of the final paper or board product. The polymer treatment preferably includes one step in which anionic polymer is added, and at least one step in which cationic polymer is added. By alternating anionic and cationic polymer coatings interacting polymer layers may be obtained.

The anionic polymer may be one or more chosen from the group consisting of: carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl sulphate, anionic galactoglucomannan, 554090 7 PC17SE2005/001520 anionic starch, polyphosphoric acid, alginate and polymethacrylic acid. The anionic polymer is preferably CMC, since it interact well with cationic polymers as well as it is economically beneficial, due to its low cost. The cationic polymer may be one or more chosen from the group consisting of: cationic starch, polyvinyl amine, chitosan, 5 primary and secondary amines, polyethylene imines, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and modified polyacryl amides. The cationic polymer is preferably cationic starch, which is advantageous because it results in a board or paper having enhanced strength properties and is economically beneficial, due to its low price and easy availability.

The polymer treatment preferably comprises two to seven consecutive steps. The optimal number of steps depends on what properties of the paper or board that are desired and on the properties of the furnish being treated. The more steps the treatment consists of, the bigger amount polymers are added and thus retained in the paper or board. Often it is a balance between the cost and the desired properties, for example 15 strength of the paper or board. There is usually a limit when it is not longer cost effective to add more polymers seeing to the improvement of the desired properties, for example increase of strength of the paper or board manufactured. It is preferred to add cationic polymer in the first step of the polymer treatment and to add anionic polymer in the subsequent and to continue with alternate addition of cationic and 20 anionic polymers until the desired amount of polymers have been added in a desired number of steps.

The furnish need not be washed between the polymer treatment steps. Any unabsorbed excess of polymer added in the preceding step can remain in the furnish and need not 25 be rinsed away. Washing between the polymer treatment steps has not been shown to enhance the properties of the resulting product. It is thus advantageous to subject the first furnish portion to each of the polymer treatment steps without any intermediate washing. Thereby an unnecessary step may be avoided and a faster process will be achieved, having lower water consumption. 55§090 After each polymer treatment step there should be sufficient time and mixing for the polymer to be absorbed to the fibers of the first furnish portion. A time period of at least 5 seconds between each polymer treatment step is suitable. The optimal time depends on the capacity of the mixing of the equipment.

The polymer of each polymer treatment step can be added to the furnish in a pulp vessel, such as a pulp chest, or in-line in a furnish transport pipe, or a combination thereof. Where to add the polymer depends on the equipment available and where it is possible to make the addition practically. When carrying out two or more polymer treatment steps by in-line addition of polymer it needs to be ensured that the pipe is long enough to allow both thorough blending of polymer and pulp, and to allow enough time between the addition step for the polymer to be absorbed or an in-line mixer can be used to ensure good mixing in the pipe.

The amount of polymer to be added varies depending of the properties of the pulp. When cationic starch and CMC are used for the polymer treatment the amount of cationic starch added in each step is typically between 5-25 leg/ton and the amount of CMC added in each step is typically between 0.25-3 kg/ton. The amount polymers added to the furnish may be controlled by measuring the z-potential or cationic demand measurement of the pulp. Even if an excess amount of added polymer is not detrimental to the final result, it is of course advantageous to add an amount of polymer that is close to what can be absorbed by the pulp, both for economical and environmental reasons.

Figure 1 is a schematic description of the process according to one embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment furnish for production of paper or board is transferred to pulp chest 1, 2 respectively. The furnish transferred and contained to the first pulp chest 1 is designated the first furnish portion, and the furnish transferred and contained in the second pulp chest 2 is designated the second furnish portion.

The first furnish portion is subjected to polymer treatment in three steps. The second portion of furnish is not subjected to any polymer treatment. In the first polymer WO 2006/041401 PCT/SE2005/001520 55§090 treatment step 4 a cationic polymer, such as cationic starch, is added to the first furnish portion in-line to the conducting furnish pipe, which is placed upstream the first pulp chest 1. In the second step 5 an anionic polymer is added to the furnish in the first pulp chest I. The second polymer treatment step 5 is initiated at least 5 seconds after the 5 first polymer addition. The pulp chest is equipped with an agitator, making sure that the furnish is sufficiently blended with the added polymer. The furnish is conducted from pulp chest 1 to a headbox 3. The third polymer treatment step is carried out by the addition of a cationic polymer (e.g. cationic starch) 6 in-line through an in-line mixer 7 in the conducting furnish pipe, which in-line mixer is placed downstream the 10 conducting pipe but upstream the headbox. Subsequent to the third polymer treatment step the polymer treated first portion of the furnish is blended with the second furnish portion, which is provided from pulp chest 2 at a point between the valve and the headbox. The furnish is then conducted from the headbox onto a wire where it is dewatered and further treated in a manner known in the art in order to produce paper 15 or board.

The embodiment described in figure lean also be utilized in a multilayer paper or board construction where only a part of the middle ply furnish has been treated with polymers, while the bottom and top plies of the paper or board consists of furnish that 20 has not been treated.

Example Twelve different furnish samples 1-12 were used to evaluate the process. Six samples 25 were partially or entirely subjected to a three step polymer treatment. For comparison, six equivalent samples were left untreated. The furnish samples comprised CTMP mixed with different amounts of unbleached sulphate softwood pulp. 554090 The three sequential steps of the polymer treatment were: I. addition of cationic starch to the furnish sample; II. addition of CMC to the furnish sample; and III. addition of cationic starch to the furnish sample.

Each polymer treatment step was followed by washing. The polymer treatment thus resulted in a furnish having two additions of cationic starch with an intermediate CMC addition.

Samples 2, 4 and 6 were subjected as a whole to the polymer treatment in their 10 entirety. Samples 8, 10 and 12 were divided into a first portion, which comprised only sulphate pulp and a second portion, which comprised only CTMP. The first portion of each sample (sulphate pulp) was subjected to polymer treatment, whereas the second portion of each sample (CTMP) remained untreated. The first and second portions were then blended with each other. Samples 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 were not subjected to 15 any polymer treatment.

Sheets were then prepared by dewatering the furnish and density (STFI density) and Scott-Bond were determined for all sheets. Scott-Bond is a measure of the strength in the z-direction of the sheet. The results are shown in Table I and in the diagram in 20 Figure 2. ^90 Table I Sample Symbol in diagram 1 % (wt) CTMP* % (wt) sulph ate pulp* % (wt) of the total fiber content subjected to polymer treatment'1'* STFI Densit y kg/m3 Scott Bond J/m2 Increase density after polymer treatment % Increase Scott Bond after polymer treatment % 1 ♦1 100 0 0 510 110 2 ■ 100 0 100 540 190 ,6 42 3 ♦ 2 80 0 550 155 4 ▲ 80 100 640 365 14 58 ♦ 3 80 0 720 250 6 O 80 100 780 500 7,7 50 7 ♦2 80 0 550 155 8 A 80 (sulphate pulp portion only) 570 280 3,5 45 9 ♦4 70 0 565 145 • 70 (sulphate pulp portion only) 590 295 4,2 51 11 ♦5 60 40 0 595 175 12 O 60 40 40 (sulphate pulp portion only) 625 430 4,8 59 ^percentage calculated on the total fiber content ** percentage calculated on the total fiber content Table I shows the increase of Scott-Bond and density in percent comparing the untreated sample with the sample that has been treated with polymers in three steps. When treating the entire furnish, consisting of 20% sulphate and 80% CTMP with polymers, as done in sample 4, the density has increased with 14% and the Scott-Bond WO 2006/041401 PCT/SE2005/001520 12 554090 value with 58%, When only the sulphate portion of the furnish (20%) has been treated with polymers, as done in sample 8, the density has only increased with 3,5% and the strength with 45%. Consequently, even though only 20% of the furnish is treated with polymers, the Scott-Bond value still has increased with 45%, compared to 58% when 5 the whole furnish has been treated, and the bulk has only increased with 3,5%, compared to 14%.

Figure 2 shows the Scott-Bond values of sheets made from the furnish samples. Lines have been drawn between the value for each untreated sample and its equivalent 10 corresponding polymer-treated sample. Solid lines in the diagram depict samples where the entire furnish was subjected to polymer treatment. Dashed lines depict samples where only the sulphate portion of the furnish was subjected to polymer treatment. A steeper inclination of the lines indicates a higher strength increase at a lower density increase.

As shown in Figure 2 the dashed lines have a steeper inclination than the solid lines. Subjecting only the sulphate portion of the furnish to polymer treatment thus results in a substantial strength increase while the density remains almost constant. As shown with solid lines, when the entire furnish is subjected to polymer treatment the increase 20 in strength is greater than that observed after partial treatment, however the density of the sheets formed with the entirely treated furnish also increases to a larger extent than observed after partial "treatment.

The results observed for sheets formed with samples 8, 10 and 12, which are subjected 25 to polymer treatment according to the invention, thus show that a surprisingly high strength with remaining low bulk is achieved by a small polymer amount. 534090 Example A board consisting of three layers was manufactured. The furnish forming the top and bottom layers of the board consisted of 50% hardwood pulp and 50% softwood pulp 5 with a SR number of approximately 27.

The furnish forming the center ply of the board consisted of 55% CTMP and 45% of a mixture, hereinafter referred to as mixture portion, which mixture portion consisted of approximately 55% bleached softwood pulp, 15 % bleached hardwood pulp and 30% 10 CTMP. A board consisting of CTMP and said mixture portion in the center ply represents a typical liquid packaging board.

Five different samples of board were manufactured. In two of the samples, the entire furnish used for the centre ply was treated with polymers in three consecutive steps 15 (two steps with cationic starch additions with a step of CMC addition in between). Another two samples, were treated according to the invention, where only the mixture portion of the furnish (45% of the total furnish) was treated with polymers in three consecutive steps and the treated mixture portion were then blended with the untreated CTMP portion. One sample was used as a reference where no polymer treatment was 20 done.

The amount of polymer added in each step was determined by measuring the z-potential. First, small additions of cationic starch were added and the z-potential was continuously measured, when the z-potential was stabilized it indicated that it would 25 be a suitable addition amount. Thereafter, anionic CMC was added in the same way, and when the z-potential was close to zero it indicated that that addition amount would be suitable. The amount of polymers added in the following step was determined in the same way. No wash of the furnish were performed between the polymer additions. 554090 14 PC17SE2005/001520 The amounts of polymer added to the furnish, when treating the entire furnish in three consecutive steps, were; 15 kg/ton cationic starch in the first step, 1.5 kg/ton CMC in the second step and 10 respectively 15 kg/ton cationic starch in the third step.

When only treating the mixture portion of the furnish in three consecutive steps, 15 kg/ton cationic starch was added in the first step, 1.5 kg/ton CMC was added in the second step and 15 respectively 20 leg/ton cationic starch were added in the last step. These amounts were calculated on the mixture portion, which is 45% of the entire furnish. Thus, the polymer amount added, seen to the entire furnish, were; 6.75 kg/ton 10 cationic starch in the first step, 0.675 kg/ton CMC in the second step and 6.75 respectively 9 kg/ton cationic starch in the last step.

When treating the pulp in three consecutive steps, the two first polymer additions were done in the pulp chest and the last addition of cationic starch was done in-line to the 15 pipe.

The Scott Bond value of the board samples was measured and the results are shown in Diagram 1. 250 ▲ 100 m ♦ Reference ■ Polymer in 3 steps ▲ Polymer in 3 steps on portion O o 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Starch, kg/ton (centre ply grammage) Diagram 1. Scott Bond of the board compared to the added amount of starch. 5fg090 PC17SE2005/001520 It is shown in Diagram 1 that the strength of the board, when only the mixture part of the furnish has been treated with polymers in three steps, is even higher than the board where the entire furnish has been treated with polymers in three steps, even though the amount of starch added is less.

The density of the boards was also measured. Diagram 2 shows the results of the measured Scott-Bond values compared to the density. 250 200 <N E ; 150 T3 C o CO a o o CO 100 50 0 400 ♦ Reference ■ Polymer in 3 steps A Polymer in 3 steps on portion 500 600 Density, STFI kg/m3 700 Diagram 2. Scott-Bond values compared to the density of the board samples.

It is shown in Diagram 2 that the density of the boards treated with polymers is retained, compared to the reference sample, even though the strength of the boards are increased.

Consequently, these tests presented in Diagram 1 and 2 show that it is advantageous to only treat one portion of the furnish since it results in a board having high strength with retained bulk at the same time as the polymer addition is decreased.

Claims

1 r*;554090;16;WHAT WE CLAIM IS:;1. A process for producing a paper or board product, which process comprises: providing a furnish comprising fibers;;subjecting a first portion of the furnish to polymer treatment, in which polymers are 5 added to the furnish in at least two steps blending said polymer treated first portion with an untreated second portion of the furnish;;dewatering the furnish on a wire to form a fiber web.;

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first furnish portion comprises 20-80% by weight of the total furnish weight.;10

3. The process as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein said first furnish portion comprises the longest fibers present in the furnish.;

4. The process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said first furnish portion comprises sulphate or sulfite pulp of soft wood fibers.;

5. The process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the furnish;15 comprises fillers and optionally other paper making additives, which fillers and additives are added subsequent to the polymer treatment of said first furnish portion.;

6. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 -4, wherein the furnish comprises fillers and optionally other paper making additives, which fillers and additives are added prior to the polymer treatment of said first furnish portion.;20

7. The process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer used in each of the consecutive polymer treatment steps is interacting with the polymer used in the subsequent step.;

8. The process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the polymer treatment steps includes the addition of an anionic polymer, and at least one of;25 the polymer treatment steps includes the addition of a cationic polymer.;

9. The process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the anionic polymer is CMC.;

10. The process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cationic polymer is cationic starch.;2016496_1 doc;INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE OP M.Z.;1 8 JUN 2009;nr ncn/cn;* V 5540SI7

11. The process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer treatment comprises two to seven steps.

12. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the polymer treatment comprises three to seven steps. 5

13. A board product produced according to the process of claim 1.

14. A paper produced according to the process of claim 1.

15. A process for producing a paper or board product, substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

16. A board product substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment 10 shown in the accompanying drawings.

17. A paper substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings. STORA ENSO AB By the authorised agents 15 A J PARK Per: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE OF MZ 1 8 JUN 2009 RECEIVED 2016496_l.doc