NZ520499A - Biological data visualisation system and method - Google Patents
Biological data visualisation system and methodInfo
- Publication number
- NZ520499A NZ520499A NZ520499A NZ52049902A NZ520499A NZ 520499 A NZ520499 A NZ 520499A NZ 520499 A NZ520499 A NZ 520499A NZ 52049902 A NZ52049902 A NZ 52049902A NZ 520499 A NZ520499 A NZ 520499A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
- G16H10/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H70/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references
- G16H70/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to pathologies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
A biological data visualization system comprises a plurality of data values maintained in computer memory, the data values representing biological parameter values relating to one or more patients, a value calculator configured to generate a set of differential data values representing the difference between measured biological parameter values for a patient and benchmark values for a plurality of biological parameters, a visualization component configured to generate a representation including one or more data points, each data point corresponding to a biological parameter having associated differential data values calculated for a patient, a display configured to display the representation generated by the visualization component and a contour generator configured to generate one or more contour lines and display them on the display around at least one of the data points in the representation.
Description
NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT 1953 No: 520499 Date: 1 August 2002 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION BIOLOGICAL DATA VISUALISATION SYSTEM AND METHOD We, COMPUDIGM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, a New Zealand company, of 25 Level 16, Compudigm House, 49 Boulcott Street, Wellington, New Zealand, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: BIOLOGICAL DATA VISUALISATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FIELD OF INVENTION The invention relates to a biological data visualisation system and method, particularly but not solely designed for the display of predefined biological parameters, known as biomarkers.
BACKGROUND TO INVENTION A biomarker is a biological parameter. Typically a biomarker is a specific anatomic, physiological, or biochemical parameter that is capable of being measured in humans or animals.
Measurement of such parameters or biomarkers in human or animal patients will often indicate particular medical conditions or levels of risk of developing particular medical conditions and may also indicate the presence and severity of particular diseases.
Very often it is necessary to consider more than one biomarker at the same time, the combination of which may suggest particular physical conditions where reference to only one biomarker alone would not. The process of analysing the significance of various biomarker combinations and using such biomarker combinations to assess patient health is complex. Sometimes seemingly disparate physical conditions are in fact related.
It is also often difficult to communicate such complex medical data to patients.
It would be useful to have a system and method capable of producing visualisations of a plurality of pre-defined biomarkers to assist in analysing the significance of said biomarkers to patient health, to assist in patient assessment and diagnosis and/or to assist physicians in communicating complex medical data to patients. 74752-1 3 SUMMARY OF INVENTION In broad terms in one form the invention comprises a biological data visualisation system comprising a plurality of data values maintained in computer memory, the data values representing biological parameter values relating to one or more patients; a value calculator configured to generate a set of differential data values representing the difference between measured biological parameter values for a patient and benchmark values for a plurality of biological parameters; a visualisation component configured to generate a representation including one or more data points, each data point corresponding to a biological parameter having associated differential data values calculated for a patient; a display configured to display the representation generated by the visualisation component; and a contour generator configured to generate one or more contour lines and display them on the display around at least one of the data points in the representation.
In broad terms in another form the invention comprises a biological data visualisation method comprising the steps of maintaining a plurality of data values in computer memory, the data values representing biological parameter values relating to one or more patients; generating a set of differential data values representing the difference between measured biological parameter values and benchmark parameter values for a plurality of biological parameters for a patient; generating and displaying a representation including one or more data points each corresponding to a biological parameter having an associated differential data value; and generating and displaying one or more contour lines around at least one of the data points in the representation, each contour line representing one of the differential data values associated with the data point around which the contour line is displayed. 74752-3 4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Preferred forms of the biological data visualisation system and method will now be 5 described with reference to the accompanying figures in which: Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a system in which one form of the invention may be implemented; Figure 2 is a preferred representation generated in accordance with the invention; Figure 3 is a preferred representation generated in accordance with the invention; and Figure 4 is a further preferred form representation generated in accordance with the 15 invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED FORMS Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of the preferred system 10 in which one form of the 20 present invention may be implemented. The system includes a data repository 20, for example a data warehouse maintained in a memory. It is envisaged that the data repository may alternatively comprise a single database, a collection of databases, or a data mart. The preferred data repository 20 includes data from a variety of sources, although it is envisaged that the bulk of the data relates to predefined biological 25 parameters or biomarkers for a patient.
This data could be obtained from several different sources. One such source could be medical assessment apparatus 30 configured to measure various biomarker parameters for an individual patient. The results of the assessment may then be automatically or 30 manually transmitted to the data repository 20. The data sources could also include patient history data 40 obtained from individual patients and could include population data 50. 74752-1 The system 10 includes a personal computer or workstation 60 operating under the control of appropriate operating and application software having a data memory 70 connected to a server 80. Various further components are either stored on the 5 workstation 60 or at least interfaced to the workstation, for example a value calculator 90, a display 100, a visualisation component 110 and a contour generator 120. Each of these components could be implemented in software or hardware or a combination of both and are further described below.
The system may also include one or more clients 130, for example 130A, 130B, and 130C. A client could comprise a personal computer, workstation or other computing device and could be interfaced to the workstation 60 over a traditional network 140, a wireless network 150 or the Internet 160.
A user may then access the invention either via a client 130 or by accessing workstation 60 directly. The invention is arranged to retrieve data from the data repository 20, process the data at workstation 60 in co-operation with associated components 90, 100, 110, and 120 and to either transmit and display the data on a client 130 or to simply display the data on workstation 60, as will be described below.
The visualisation system and method of the invention will now be described with reference to a particular set of pre-defined biomarkers by way of example only. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the system and method of the invention may also be applied to any pre-defined set of preferably inter-related biomarkers without departing from the scope of the invention.
The biomarkers used in the exemplary embodiments all measure bio-age, that is, they are indicators of the biological age of a patient as opposed to the chronological age of a patient. For example, a 70 year old patient may have a bio-age of 65 for one or more neurological biomarkers, while having a bio-age of 75 for one or more cardio-vascular biomarkers. 74752-1 6 In the exemplary embodiments, bio-age biomarkers may be analysed in groups to assess particular areas of concern for a patient and may also be combined to calculated an overall bio-age for the patient.
In the exemplary embodiments, each biomarker is assessed for a patient through a series of bio-age assessment tests. Each biomarker is represented through a bio-age data value and the value calculator 90 compares this bio-age with the actual chronological age of the patient for each parameter. The value calculator 90 calculates a series of differential data values representing the difference between the measured biological parameter 10 values and benchmark parameter values representing the actual chronological age of the patient.
In a more general case, for example where the biomarker data value is the result of assessing a biochemical, anatomical, or physiological parameter for a patient, given as a 15 quantified result, level, or reading, the differential value for the biomarker will be the difference between the levels for the patient and a benchmark, average or "normal" level.
The biomarkers are displayed in one or more representations for a patient or group of 20 patients, which are described below with reference to Figures 2, 3, and 4.
Preferably the representations generated by the invention are complementary and may be used together to gain a more complete picture of patient condition.
In particularly preferred embodiments the primary means of visualisation is a contoured "heat map". Biomarker data points are displayed in particular positions on the representation as described below. Each data point on the representation represents a particular biomarker for which the patient or patients have been assessed.
The heat map is formed by displaying one or more contour lines around the biomarker data points such that each contour line represents data values which are less than the 74752-1 7 absolute value of the associated differential data value for the patient or group of patients. Shading between contour lines may also be used.
Such contouring is described in our patent specification WO 00/77682 to Compudigm 5 International Limited dated 14 June 2000.
Preferably biomarker data points are represented as small circles that are large enough so that a user may click on them with a mouse or select them with any other pointing device for drilldown.
Drilling down a data point may result in detailed information about the corresponding biomarker and/or the measurement or assessment of that biomarker for the particular patient or group of patients being displayed by the display component 100.
Circles that represent biomarker data points in the representations generated by the invention may be shaded or outlined with a colour, or with a line of a particular thickness to indicated further attributes of that biomarker.
Figure 2 illustrates one preferred form representation 200 generated by the visualisation 20 component 110 and the contour generator 120 and displayed by the display component 100 on a client 130 or on workstation 60.
The representation could include a representation of the patient, for example a silhouette or outline 210 of the body. It is envisaged that the outline may show a male or female 25 patient depending on the gender of the patient for which the data is being displayed.
Those biomarkers which relate to a region or location on the body are referred to as site-specific parameters. Site-specific parameters that can be sensibly shown by their location on the human body are included in this preferred form representation. Most 30 biomarkers which are site-specific relate to internal organs and corresponding data points will be placed within the representation in a position consistent with the location of that organ in the patients body. 74752-1 8 Each biomarker data point, for example biomarker data point 220 representing the biological parameter bone density, is shown as a small circle as described above. Further information could be provided through labels on individual biomarkers, on 5 groups of biomarkers, or as additional text.
The visualisation component 110 from Figure 1 is configured to generate the representation and position the data points and the contour generator 120 will then generate contours around the biomarker data points. The area between a data point and 10 the closest contour line will be shaded or coloured as will the area between subsequent contour lines. The preferred form colour scale is a nine step colour scale with break points as shown in Figure 2 at 230.
In the exemplary embodiments, the values associated with the break points could be 15 given as years above/below the patient chronological age. For example, a biomarker having a differential data value of+10 indicates that the bio-age for the biomarker is 10 years above the patient's chronological age. In this case the area between the biomarker data point on the representation and the closest contour line will be shaded with a colour from the top end of the colour scale. By comparison, a differential data value of -10 20 indicates that the bio-age for this biomarker is 10 years below the patient's chronological age. In this case the area between the biomarker data point and the closest contour line will be a colour from the bottom end of the colour scale.
As an alternative to years above/below chronological age, it is envisaged that the colour 25 scale could be calibrated on the basis of patient specific age. For example, if the patient has a chronological age of 50, the values in the colour scale legend could range between 40 and 60.
It is preferred that the colour scale be a bi-polar colour scale from a strong intense red 30 representing bio-age higher than chronological age to a muted green indicating that the bio-age is below the chronological age. 74752-1 9 Through colour identification alone, the user is able to understand which areas or tests have returned a particularly good result and which are areas of concern. Potentially, this representation would reveal patterns or irregularities. For example, all heart-related biomarkers could be high, or some of them might be high whereas others are low, although 5 this is something which would be checked against patient history to judge its validity.
Some biomarkers will have a more prominent visual weight than others in cases where the biomarker is placed in isolation as distinct from a biomarker presented in a cluster.
It is also envisaged that the contour generated around each data point be fitted to the silhouette 210. For example, the contoured representation around data point 240 is fitted to the shape of the patient hand so that the contour lines do not extend beyond the silhouette 210. To achieve this, it is envisaged that the contouring function define data values for the contouring lines based on an x and y position in the representation, and 15 that the data values for some x and y values which fall outside the silhouette 210 are set to zero.
The representation in Figure 2 indicates areas on the body for which particularly good or bad results have come back from the assessment, but it does not adequately represent 20 biological parameters that cannot be accurately located on one particular location in or on the patient body, referred to as systemic parameters.
Figure 3 illustrates another preferred form representation which may be used to represent both site-specific and systemic biological parameters. In the representation 25 300, one or more of the biological parameters form two or more groups. The grouping of the biomarkers in this type of representation will preferably be indicative of any relationships between biomarkers and/or the biological systems or indicators they represent.
In the exemplary embodiments in which biomarkers are a measure of bio-age, each group represents a test category or location in the body or a sub-system, allowing for easy labelling. Groups could include, for example endocrine 310, digestive 320, 74752-1 pulmonary 330 and hearing 340. this representation will preferably complement any representation of the type illustrated in Figure 2 in that it will give information for all biomarkers, independent of their actual location in or on the body.
The representation is preferably arranged so that biological parameters in the same group are positioned closer to each other than to biological parameters in a different group. For example, in Figure 3, biomarker 350 is positioned from biomarker 360 by a distance d. This distance d is preferably less than the distance between a biomarker in the hearing group 340 and a biomarker in any of the neighbouring groups, for example 10 the distance between biomarker 370 and biomarker 380.
It is also preferable that each biomarker is placed so that the maximal amount of available drawing space or screen area is used and that the resulting layout generally resembles a hexagonal pattern.
In the exemplary embodiments the biomarkers are grouped by sub-system and the representation of Figure 3 enables physiologically-related biomarkers to be placed in close proximity to each other, even where these biomarkers do not relate to areas of the body in close proximity.
Figure 4 illustrates further preferred form representations 400 and 400A. In this representation, each biomarker is preferably ranked by data differential value. Corresponding data points are ordered and displayed in a regular grid.
In the exemplary embodiments biomarkers could be ordered by differential values in age and then placed in a grid according to their rank with the lowest age 410 on the bottom left and the highest age 420 on the top right. In one form, there could be a maximum number of 130 biomarkers and a width of five or six columns is generally an acceptable size for this number.
Ranking the biomarkers in this manner gives a quick overview to a user of the severity of any particular results. This representation will quickly answer questions such as 74752-1 11 "what are my areas of concern?", "how many biomarkers are significantly above neutral levels", and in some cases "am I facing extensive treatment?" It is envisaged that, even in the exemplary embodiments, the biomarkers could be 5 ranked by criteria other than differential values and age, for example absolute biological age, patient ranking within a statistical cohort, or any other suitable criteria may be used.
This ranked representation gives an instant picture of all test or assessment results. 10 There may be a balanced picture, with all bands being roughly the same width as in representation 400, or there may be one or more bands that are significantly wider or narrower than others. In representation 400A, for example, the +10 ban includes significantly more data points than in representation 400 indicating a lot of biomarkers returning high levels. In the exemplary embodiments this may mean, for example, that 15 many biomarkers are above the chronological age of the patient.
This ranked representation may also be used to get an impression of the overall severity of the results which may be indicated by highlighting or marking one data point in the ranking that indicates an average or overall result from analysing the combination of 20 biological parameters. For example, one data point in the ranking that indicates an overall benchmark data value or an overall zero differential value may be highlighted as well as another data point that best represents the overall differential value for a patient over all biological parameters. The distance between these two points in the ranking will give a good indication of overall results.
In Figure 4, for example, a central data point is highlighted indicating the chronological age of the patient. A further data point is also highlighted indicating the overall bio-age of the patient. In representation 400A the data point representing the overall bio-age is noticeably closer to the higher range of the data point ranking than in representation 400 30 and this result is easily observed and understood. 74752-1 12 The representation illustrated in Figure 4 may also give an impression of the variants of values. Results that are mainly distributed around one particular data value will show up as only a few colours, whereas results across a wide range of values will use the foil colour scale.
The foregoing describes the invention including preferred forms thereof. Alterations and modifications as will be obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be incorporated within the scope hereof as defined by the accompanying claims. 74752-1 13
Claims (15)
1. A biological data visualisation system comprising: a plurality of data values maintained in computer memory, the data values 5 representing biological parameter values relating to one or more patients; a value calculator configured to generate a set of differential data values representing the difference between measured biological parameter values for a patient and benchmark values for a plurality of biological parameters; a visualisation component configured to generate a representation including one 10 or more data points, each data point corresponding to a biological parameter having associated differential data values calculated for a patient; a display configured to display the representation generated by the visualisation component; and a contour generator configured to generate one or more contour lines and display 15 them on the display around at least one of the data points in the representation.
2. The biological data visualisation system claimed in claim 1 wherein each contour line represents one of the differential data values associated with the data point around which the contour line is displayed. 20
3. The biological data visualisation system of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the representation generated by the visualisation component includes a representation of the patient in which the one or more data points are positioned. 25
4. The biological data visualisation system of claim 3 wherein the patient comprises a human patient and the representation of the human patient comprises an outline of the human body.
5. The biological data visualisation system of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the 30 biological parameters form two or more groups, the representation being arranged so that data points for biological parameters in the same group are positioned closer to each other than to data points for biological parameters in a different group. f-ir "jnsKEJtaawti rs. warr-Mimam. T_N_u. INTELLECTUAL prfOPBffV ( 3 1 JAM 2005 74752-3 14
6. The biological data visualisation system of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the representation generated by the visualisation component is rectangular and the data 5 points are evenly spaced.
7. The biological data visualisation system of claim 6 wherein data points for biological parameters whose associated differential values are high are positioned at one end of the representation and data points for biological parameters whose associated 10 differential values are low are positioned at an opposite end of the representation with all data points positioned in ranking order between the two ends.
8. A biological data visualisation method comprising the steps of: maintaining a plurality of data values in computer memory, the data values 15 representing biological parameter values relating to one or more patients; generating a set of differential data values representing the difference between measured biological parameter values and benchmark parameter values for a plurality of biological parameters for a patient; generating and displaying a representation including one or more data points 20 each corresponding to a biological parameter having an associated differential data value; and generating and displaying one or more contour lines around at least one of the data points in the representation, each contour line representing one of the differential data values associated with the data point around which the contour line is displayed. 25
9. The biological data visualisation method of claim 8 wherein the representation generated includes a representation of the patient in which the one or more data points are positioned. 30 10. The biological data visualisation method of claim 9 wherein the patient comprises a human patient and the representation of the human patient comprises an outline of the human body.
10. ■•NTatEGiuAi PRbPBmr0Wnr1 •:;r ly-? 74752-3 3 J JAM 20SS 15
11. The biological data visualisation method of claim 8 wherein the biological parameters form two or more groups, the representation being arranged so that data points for biological parameters in the same group are positioned closer to each other than to data points for biological parameters in a different group.
12. The biological data visualisation method of claim 8 wherein the representation generated is rectangular and the data points are evenly spaced.
13. The biological data visualisation method of claim 12 wherein data points for biological parameters whose associated differential values are high are positioned at one end of the representation and data points for biological parameters whose associated differential values are low are positioned at an opposite end of the representation with all data points positioned in ranking order between the two ends. 15
14. A biological data visualisation system substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying figures.
15. A biological data visualisation method substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying figures. END OF CLAIMS 74752-3 '-■* Li.;3 J JAN 20!*
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ520499A NZ520499A (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2002-08-01 | Biological data visualisation system and method |
| AU2003258894A AU2003258894A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2003-08-01 | Biological data visualisation system and method |
| PCT/NZ2003/000170 WO2004013771A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2003-08-01 | Biological data visualisation system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ520499A NZ520499A (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2002-08-01 | Biological data visualisation system and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NZ520499A true NZ520499A (en) | 2005-03-24 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ520499A NZ520499A (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2002-08-01 | Biological data visualisation system and method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003258894A1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ520499A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004013771A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8235811B2 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2012-08-07 | Wms Gaming, Inc. | Using player information in wagering game environments |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01288233A (en) * | 1988-02-20 | 1989-11-20 | Hiroshi Motoyama | Bioinformation measuring instrument |
| US5311873A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1994-05-17 | Ecole Polytechnique | Comparative analysis of body surface potential distribution during cardiac pacing |
| US5995864A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-11-30 | Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Company | Dose factor entry and display tool for BNCT radiotherapy |
-
2002
- 2002-08-01 NZ NZ520499A patent/NZ520499A/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-08-01 WO PCT/NZ2003/000170 patent/WO2004013771A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-08-01 AU AU2003258894A patent/AU2003258894A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004013771A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
| AU2003258894A1 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
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