NZ283279A - Magnetic resonance imaging compounds comprising paramagnetic metals, compositions and use thereof - Google Patents

Description

New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number £83279 New Zealand No. 283279 International No.

TO BE ENTERED AFTER ACCEPTANCE AND PUBLICATION Priority datas: 22.04.1994;01.03.1995; Complete Specification Filed: 24.03.1995 Classification:^) A61K49/00; A61K51/04; C07F13/00 Publication date: 26 January 1998 Journal No.: 1424 Title of Invention: Diagnostic image analysis with mjtal complexes Name, address and nationality of applicant(s) as in international application form: MONSANTO COMPANY, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63167, United States of America; G. D. SEARLE & CO, 5200 Old Orchard Road, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States of America NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION New Zealand No. 283279 International No. PCT7US95/03763 NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Title of Invention: Diagnostic image analysis with metal complexes Name, address and nationality of applicant(s) as in international application form; MONSANTO COMPANY, of 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63167, United States of America; G. D. SEARLE & CO, of 5200 Gd Orchard Road, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States of America 2832 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGE ANALYSIS WITH METAL COMPLEXES Background of the Invention This invention relates to compounds effective as contrast agents in diagnostic imaging. In one aspect, this invention relates to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human or non-human animal subjects using metal 10 complexes of substituted nitrogen-containing fifteen-membered macrocyclic ligands as contrast agents. In another aspect, this invention relates to uanganese(II) complexes of substituted nitrogen-containing fifteen-membered aacrocyclic ligands as MRI contrast agents. 15 X-rays have long been used to produce images of human and non-human animal tissue, e.g. the. internal organs of a patiei.t, the patient being positioned between a source of X-rays and a film sensitive to the rays. Where organs interfere with the passage of the 20 rays, the film is less exposed and the resulting developed film is indicative of the state of the organ.

More recently, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been developed as an imaging technique, i.e. MRI. MRI avoids the harmful effects sometimes attending X-ray 25 exposure. For improved imaging with x-rays, patients have been given enhancers prior to imaging, either orally or (parenterally). After a predetermined time interval for distribution of the enhancer through the patient, the image is taken. To obtain a good image it 30 is desirable that the time after the taking of enhancer be kept to a minimum. On the other hand there is a decrease in effectiveness with time, so desirably the decay should be relatively slow so as to provide a substantial time interval during which imaging can be 35 done. 95/28968 substantial tine interval during which imaging can be done.

In the NMR imaging process, protons in the water of the body relax via two mechanisms referred to as Tx 5 and T2. The rate at which the relaxation process occurs may be altered for some water molecules by giving values that contrast with the norm.

Compounds that enhance NMR images, referred to as contrast agents, are generally paramagnetic in nature. 10 These may be organic free radicals or transition/lanthanide metals which have from one to seven unpaired electrons.

A necessary prerequisite of any ligand that binds a metal to form a contrast agent is that the resulting 15 contrast agent be stable so as to prevent the loss of the metal and its subsequent accumulation in the body. Other considerations include an ability to reversibly bind water, which in turn increases it contrastability and decreases the dose level required. This ability is 20 clearly important since the interaction between any two nuclear spins through space decreases at a rate equal to the reciprocal of the distance raised to the sixth power.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,447 discloses use of an NHR 25 image enhancer consisting of the salt of an anion of a complexing acid and a paramagnetic metal anion. A preferred embodiment is the gadolinium chelate of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd DTPA), which is now commercially available from Nycomed Salutar, Inc. 30 under the trade name Magnevist for use as an NMR contrast agent. From the data reported therein these appear to perform well. However, this compound is rapidly excreted by the kidneys, making the timing of the injection extremely critical. Furthermore, there is 35 virtually no uptake by any solid organ, such as the heart, pancreas or liver. 2832 79 EP-A-0 296 522 discloses functionalized polyamine chelants and rhodium complexes thereof and process for their preparation. EP-A-0 287 465 discloses compositions for use as diagnostic agents containing complexes formed with transition metals. DE-A-2 461 919 describes chelates from a metal selected from Fe, Ni, Cu, Rh and T1 and a macrocyclic polyamine for photographic application. WO-A-92 04919 discloses zwitterionic complexes of paramagnetic metal ions having a cyclic structure. These complexes can be used for application in diagnostic procedure. WO-A-92 21017 describes cyclic contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging containing a paramagnetic ion and a macrocycle. EP-A-0 524 161 teaches manganese complexes of 15-membered macrocyclic ligands. FR-A-2 246 555 teaches macrocyclic polyamines and complexes thereof with selected metals. Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 110, no. 16, 17, April 1989, abstract no. 146606, discloses manganese complexes of pentaazacyclopentadecane. Tetrahedron letters, 7 February 1994, 35(6),; 853-856 reveals pentaazamacrocycles and their use as ligands in manganese based superoxide dismutase mimics However, while a number of gadolinium contrast agents are known, there remains the possibility that small amounts of fr e lanthanides are being released, by decomposition of the agent, into the body. Mot being a 5 naturally existing metal in the body, little is known about long term effects.

Other nitrogen-containing macrocyclic ligands have been suggested for use as NHR contrast agents. Jackels, S. C. et al, "Aqueous Proton NHR Relaxation 10 Enhancements by Manganese(II) Hacrocyclic Complexes: structure-Relaxivitv Relationships". Inorg. Chem., 31, 234-239 (1992) discloses fifteen-membered nitrogen-containing ring complexes. However, these compounds suffer from being insufficiently stable and/or colored, 15 and as such are inadequate for application as MRI contrast agents.

Therefore, it would be highly desirable to develop alternative contrast agents which avoid one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages. 20 It has now been discovered that metal complexes of substituted nitrogen-containing macrocyclic ligands which have increased kinetic, thermodynamic and oxidative stability, and which can be substituted to control lipophilicity, i.e. biodistribution, avoid the 25 problems of the aforementioned contrast agents while providing good contrastability. summary of the invention It is an object of the invention to provide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents having improved kinetic stability, i.e. the rate at which the paramagnetic metal dissociates from the metal complexes of the invention. It is a further object of the 35 invention to provide MRI contrast agents in which the biodistribution of the contrast agents can be controlled. It is yet a further object of the invention to provide MRI contrast agents having improved oxidative stability and improved hydrogen bonding. It is a still further object of the invention to provide metal 5 complexes which are useful as X-ray or ultrasound contrast agents, and which can be used in scintigraphy and radiotherapy.

According to the invention, a method of magnetic resonance imaging is provided which comprises 10 administering to a human or non-human animal subject a contrast medium comprising a physiologically compatible paramagnetic metal complex of the present invention and a non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle, and generating a magnetic residence 15 image of at least a part of the subject.

Further according to the invention, a method of diagnostic imaging is provided which comprises administering to a human or non-human animal subject a diagnostic agent comprising a physiologically compatible 20 heavy metal complex of the present invention and a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle, and generating an X-ray, ultrasound or scintigraphic image of at least a part of the subject.

Further according to the invention, a method of 25 radiotherapy practiced on a human or non-human animal subject is provided which comprises administering to the subject a radioactive agent comprising a physiologically compatible radioactive metal complex of the present* invention and a non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable 30 carrier, adjuvant or vehicle. detailed description of the invention The metal complexes of the invention used as MRI 35 contrast agents, as diagnostic agents in X-ray, ultra P071JS95/03763 - sound or scintigraphic image analysis, or as radiotherapy agents are represented by the formula: wherein R, R', R'i» ®2' R'2' R'3' R4' R'4' R's» R's' R7r R'7' Re. R'b' R9' and R'9 independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalky 1, cycloalkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkenylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkenylcycloalkenyl, heterocyclic, aryl and aralkyl radicals and radicals attached to the a-carbon of a-amino acids; or Rx or R'x and R2 or R'2, R3 or R'3 and R4 or R'4, Rs or R's and R6 or R'6, R7 or R'7 and R8 or R'e, and R9 or R'9 and R or R' together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached independently form a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated cyclic having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; R and R', Rx and R'x, R2 and R'2, R3 and R'3, R4 and R'4, Rs and R's, R6 and R's, R7 and R'7, R8 and R'8, and R^ and R'g together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached independently form a saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated ring structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; or one of R, R*, Rlf R'x, R2, R'2, R3, R'3, R4# R'4# R5* R'5» R6» R'C ®7» R'7' R8# R'S' ®9' R's* Rio# 07-21(12485)A ** -e- 28 3 2 7 9 Ril* r12' r13 and r14 together with a different one of r, R'» R'l# Rj» R'2» R'4» ®S» R'S» Rg/ R'6» r7, R'71 ^8' R's* ®9' R'9' ^12# Rj.3 ®**d which is attached to a different carbon or nitrogen atom in 5 the macrocyclic ligand may be bound to form a strap represented by the formula -f ch2 M'-f ch2 l •£ ch2 *z j -f <=H2 wherein w, x, y and z independently are integers from 0 to 10, and M' ,L and J are independently selected from 10 the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, cycloalkylene, heteroarylene, alkarylene, alkheteroarylene, aza amide, ammonium, thia, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, sulfonamide, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphino, phosphonium, keto, ester, carbamate, urea, thiocarhonyl, borates, boranes, 15 boraza, silyl, siloxy, silaza and combinations thereof; and r10, rn, ru, r13 and r14 independently .are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and alkyl substituted with -or15, -coor15, -c0nr1sr16 or -p03h2 wherein r1s and r16 are independently hydrogen or alkyl; 20 and wherein at least two of r, r', ra, r'1# r2, r'2, r3, r'g, r4, r'4, r5, R'51 R*6' ®7' R'7> r8' R's* R9 and R'9 are other than hydrogen.

X, Y and Z represent suitable ligands or charge-neutralizing anions which are derived from any 25 monodentate or polydentate coordinating ligand or ligand system or the corresponding anion thereof (for example benzoic acid or benzoate anion, phenol or phenoxide anion, alcohol or alkoxfde anion). X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of 30 halide, oxo, aguo, hydroxo, alcohol, phenol, dioxygen, peroxo, hydroperoxo, alkylperoxo, arylperoxo, ammonia, alkylamino, arylamino, heterocycloalkyl amino, heterocycloaryl amino, amine oxides, hydrazine, alkyl hydrazine, aryl hydrazine, nitric oxide, cyanide, 35 cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, alkyl nitrile, aryl nitrile, alkyl isonitrile, aryl ompe ~ 2 DEC 1997 e isonitrile, nitrate, nitrite, azido, alkyl sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, alkyl sulfoxide, aryl sulfoxide, alkyl aryl sulfoxide, alkyl sulfenic acid, aryl sulfenic acid, alkyl sulfinic acid, aryl sulfinic 5 acid, alkyl thiol carboxylic acid, aryl thiol carboxylic acid, alkyl thiol thiocarboxylic acid, aryl thiol thiocarboxylic acid, alkyl carboxylic acid (such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid), aryl carboxylic acid (such as benzoic acid, phthalic acid), 10 urea, alkyl urea, aryl urea, alkyl aryl urea, thiourea, alkyl thiourea, aryl thiourea,alkyl aryl thiourea, sulfate, sulfite, bisulr'ate, bisulfite, thiosulfate, thiosulfite, hydrosulfite, alkyl phosphine, aryl phosphine, alkyl phosphine oxide, aryl phosphine oxide, 15 alkyl aryl phosphine oxide, alkyl phosphine sulfide, aryl phosphine sulfide, alkyl aryl phosphine sulfide, alkyl phosphonic acid, aryl phosphonic acid, alkyl phosphinic acid, aryl phosphinic acid, alkyl phosphinous acid, aryl phosphinous acid, phosphate, thiophosphate, 20 phosphite, pyrophosphite, triphosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, alkyl guanidino, aryl guanidino, alkyl aryl guanidino, alkyl carbamate, aryl carbamate, alkyl aryl carbamate, alkyl thiocarbamate aryl thiocarbamate, alkyl aryl thiocarbamate, alkyl 25 dithiocarbamate, aryl dithiocarbamate, alkyl aryl dithiocarbamate, bicarbonate, carbonate, perchlorate, chlorate, chlorite, hypochlorite, perbromate, bromate, bromite, liypobromite, tetrahalomanganate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, 30 hexafluoroantimonate, hypophosphite, iodate, periodate, metaborate, tetraaryl borate, tetra alkyl borate, tartrate, salicylate, succinate, citrate, ascorbate, saccharinate, amino acid, hydroxamic acid, thiotosylate, and anions of ion exchange resins, or 35 systems where one or more of X,Y and z are independently attached to one or more of the "R" groups, wherein n is PCT/US95/037i53 an integer from 0 to 3. The preferred ligands from which X, Y and Z are selected include halide, organic acid, nitrate and bicarbonate anions.

The metal atoms or anions, M, which are suitable 5 for use in the complexes of the invention as MRI contrast agents are paramagnetic metals having atomic numbers 21-29, 42-44 and 57-71. The complexes for use as MRI contrast agents are those wherein the preferred metal is Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Cr, Mn or Fe, more preferably 10 Gd(III) or Mn(II), and most preferably Mn(II).

The metal atoms or anions, M, which are suitable for use in the complexes of the invention as X-ray or ultrasound contrast agents are heavy metals having atomic numbers 20-32, 42-44, 49 and 57-83. The 15 complexes for use as X-ray or ultrasound contrast agents are those wherein the preferred metal is a nonradioactive metal having atomic numbers 42-44, 49 and 57-83, and most preferably Gd, Dy or Yb.

The aetal atoms or anions, M, of the complexes of 20 the invention which are suitable for use in scintigraphic and radiotherapy are radioactive metals of any conventional complexable radioactive metal isotope, preferably those having atomic numbers 20-32, 42-44, 49 and 57-83. In scintigraphy, the most preferred metals 25 are 99mTc or mIn. In radiotherapy, the most preferred metals are 153Sm, 67Cu or 90Y.

As utilized herein, the term nalkyln, alone or in combination, means a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 22 carbon 30 atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, and most preferably from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, 35 hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl. The term "alkenyl", WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 alone or in combination! means an alkyl radical having one or more double bonds. Examples of such alkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, 1-butenyl, cis-2-butenyl, trans-2-butenyl, 5 iso-butylenyl, cis-2-pentenyl, trans-2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-l-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 1-octenyl, decenyl, dodecenyl, tetradecenyl, hexadecenyl, cis- and trans- 9-octadecenyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, 2,4-pentadienyl, 2,3-pentadienyl, 1,3-10 hexadienyl, 2,4-hexadienyl, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenyl, and 9,12,15-octadecatrienyl. The term "alkynyl", alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical having one or more triple bonds. Examples of such alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl 15 (propargyl), 1-butyny", 1-octynyl, 9-octadecynyl, 1,3-pentadiynyl, 2,4-pencadiynyl, 1,3-hexadiynyl* and 2,4-hexadiynyl. The term "cycloalkyl", alone or in combination means a cycloalkyl radical containing from 3 to about 10, preferably from 3 to about 8, and most 20 preferably from 3 to about 6, carbon atoms. Examples of such cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and perhydronaphthyl. The term "cycloalkylalkyl" means an alkyl radical as defined 25 above which is substituted by a cycloalkyl radical as defined above. Examples of cycloalkylalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, (4-isopropylcyclohexyl)methyl, (4-t-butyl-cyclohexyl)methyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 2-cyclo-30 hexylmethylpentyl, 3-cyclopentylmethylhexyl, l-(4-neopentylcyclohexyl)methylhexyl, and l-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)methylheptyl. The term "cycloalkylcycloalkyl" means a cycloalkyl radical as defined above which is substituted by another cycloalkyl 35 radical as defined above. Examples of cycloalkylcycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclohexylcyclopentyl and cyclohexylcyclohexyl. The term "cycloalkenyl", alone or in combination, means a cycloalkyl radical having one or more double bonds. Examples of cycloalkenyl radicals 5 include, but are not limited to, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloocteny1, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexadienyl and cyclooctadienyl. The term "cycloalkenylalkylM means an alkyl radical as defined above which is substituted by a cycloalkenyl radical as 10 defined above. Examples of cycloalkenylalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, 2-cyclohexen-l-ylmethyl, 1-cyclopenten-l-ylmethyl, 2-(l-cyclohexen-l-yl)ethyl, 3-(1-cyclopenten-l-yl)propyl, l-(l-cyclohexen-l-ylmethyl)pentyl, l-(l-cyclopenten-l-yl)hexyl, 6-(l-15 cyclohexen-l-yl)hexyl, l-(1-cyclopenten-l-yl)nonyl and l-(l-cyclohexen-l-yl)nonyl. The terms "alkylcycloalkyl" and Nalkenylcycloalkyl" mean a cycloalkyl radical as defined above which is substituted by an alkyl or alkenyl radical as defined above. Examples of 20 alkylcycloalkyl and alkenylcycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, 2-ethylcyclobutyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, l-hexylcyclopentyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, l-(9-octadecenyl)cyclopentyl and l-(9-octadecenyl)cyclohexyl. The terms "alkylcycloalkenyl" 25 and "alkenylcycloalkenyl" means a cycloalkenyl radical as defined above which is substituted by an alkyl or alkenyl radical as defined above. Examples of alkylcycloalkenyl and alkenylcycloalkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, l-methyl-2-cyclopentyl, 30 l=hexyl-2-cyclopentenyl, 1-ethy 1-2-cyclohexenyl, 1-buty 1-2-cyclohexenyl, 1- (9-octadecenyl) -2-cyclohexenyl and l-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclohexenyl. The term "aryl", alone or in combination, means a phenyl or naphthyl radical which optionally carries one or more 35 substituents selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, heterocycle, alkoxyaryl, WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 alkaryl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, amine, cyano, nitro, alkylthio, phenoxy, ether, trifluoromethyl and the like, such as phenyl, p-tolyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-(tert-butoxy)phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloropheny1, 4-5 hydroxyphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, and the like. The term "aralkyl", alone or in combination, means an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical as defined above in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by an aryl radical as defined above, such as benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, and the 10 like. The term "heterocyclic" means ring structures containing at least one other kind of atom, in addition to carbon, in the ring. The most common of the other kinds of atoms include nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Examples of heterocyclics include, but are not limited 15 to, pyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, imidazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, isoguinolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, triazolyl 20 and tetrazolyl groups. The term "saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated cyclic" means fused ring stzructures in which 2 carbons of the ring are also part of the fifteen-membered macrocyclic ligand. The ring structure can contain 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 5 25 to 8 carbon atoms, and can also contain one or more other kinds of atoms in addition to carbon. The most common of the other kinds of atoms include nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The ring structure can also contain more them one ring. The term "saturated, partially 30 saturated or unsaturated ri.ru} structure" means a ring structure in which me carbon of the ring is also part of the fifteen-membered macrocyclic ligand. The ring structure can contain 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 8, carbon atoms and cr«n also contain nitrogen, oxygen and/or 35 sulfur atoms. The term "organic acid anion" refers to carboxylic acid anions having from about 1 to about 18 95/28968 PCTAJS95/03763 carbon atoms. The term "halide" means chloride or bromide.

The overall charge-type of the complex can be varied from negative to positive by nitrogen or carbon 5 substitution of the appropriate charged groups on the macrocyclic framework. While the manganese (II) complexes of the invention exist as monocations in methanol solution, the axial anions are labile and in vivo can rapidly exchange with endogenous charged or 10 uncharged ligands. By considering the dispositive nature of the manganese (II) metal center, the overall charge on the complex can be adjusted as needed to enhance desired pharmaceutical properties such as osmolality, tissue distribution and non-target 15 clearance. For example, if the complex carries only charge neutral functionality, such as N- or C-alkyl substitution, then the overall charge on the complex will be determined by the manganese center and will be positive. Multi-positive complexes are available via 20 the incorporation of pendant cations such as protonated aminoalkyl groups. These types of complexes can bind to endogenous anions, anionic proteins, cell membranes, and the like. If two pendant anionic groups are attached, such as two carboxylates, phenolate, phosphonates, 25 sulfonates and the like, the overall charge on the complex can be envisioned as zero. Alternatively, if three or more pendant anionic groups are attached, the an anionic complex will result. The pendant groups may be designed to axially chelate and formally displace the 30 axial anions or they may be designed specifically to not chelate but retain a charge type.

The substitutents on the complex of the invention, i.e. the nRn groups other than hydrogen, are those groups which result in complexes having improved 35 stability, controlled lipophilicity, improved hydrogen bonding and greater rigidity of the macrocyclic ligand.

WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 Regarding rigidity of the macrocycle, groups which rigidify the macrocycle result in improved stability and improved inner- and outer-sphere relaxation. Examples of groups which improve rigidity of the macrocycle 5 include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyl groups e.g. trans-cyclohexano, and multiple alkyl groups, e.g. pentamethyl.

Regarding hydrogen bonding, groups that improve hydrogen bonding result in improved residence time of 10 water to the metal complex by providing alternate binding sites. Examples of groups that improve hydrogen bonding include, but are not limited to, hydroxy alkyl, e.g. hydroxymethyl.

By varying the type and number of substitutents, 15 e.g. "R" groups which are other than hydrogen, the lipophilicity of the complexes can be controlled, i.e. the biodistribution of the complexes of the invention can be controlled, by preparing compounds which vary from hydrophilic to lipophilic. Therefore, the 20 complexes of the invention can be targeted to various tissues or organs in the body by controlling the type and number of substitutents.

Kinetic stability of the metal complex is important because complexes which are not sufficiently kinetically 25 stable dissociate and release free metal in the body.

The kinetic stability, kdiM (M"1sec~1), can be controlled by varying the type and number of substitutents which are other than hydrogen. The complexes of the invention have kdiaB <; to 1400 M"1sec~1, i.e. the complexes of the 30 invention are at least twice as stable as the complex in which all R's are hydrogen. In addition, the type and number of substitutents can be selected to give complexes which are at least 1000 times more kinetically stable than the complex in which all R's are hydrogen. 35 Examples of groups that improve kinetic stability include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyl groups, e.g. 14 trans-cyolohexano, and multiple alkyl groups, e.g. penta- methyl. Oxidative stability of the metal complex is a particular problem for Hn complexes and is important because complexes which are not sufficiently 5 oxidatively stable will go from Mn(XX) to Mn(IZZ).

Since the Mn(ZIZ) complexes are colored, it is necessary to maintain the complexes in the Mn(ZI) form to have an effective contrast agent. By varying the type and number of substitutents, the oxidative stability, 10 E1^2(v), is controlled. Zt is generally desired to select the type of number of substitutents such that Ejy2 is greater than about 0.7v.

The number of NRn groups attached to carbon atoms, i.e. R-R9 and R'-Rg', which are other than hydrogen is 15 preferably at least 3, and more preferably at least 5.

One group of currently preferred compounds are those in which at least one of R^ or R'x and R2 or R'2, R3 or R'3 and R4 or R'4, R5 or R's and R6 or R'6, R7 or R'f and R8 or R'e, and Rg or R'9 and R or R' together 20 with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a saturated cyclic having 5 to 8 carbon atoms; and all of the remaining "R" groups are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, or alkyl substituted with -0R15 or -NR15R16 wherein R1S and R16 are independently hydrogen or 25 alkyl. The number of saturated cyclic rings can vary from one to 5, but is preferably at least 2, and the most preferred saturated cyclic has a ring size of 6 carbon atomsj i.e. is a cyclohexano group. An example of such a compound is represented by the formula: Another group of currently preferred compounds are those in which at least two of R, R', R1# R'1# R2, R'2» R3, Rf3» R|» R'4' ^5* R's' ^6' ^'6' ®7» R#7> RS' ®'8' R9 5 and R'9 are alkyl or alkyl substituted with -OR15 or -NR15R16 wherein R1S and R16 are independently hydrogen or alkyl. The number of NRN groups which are alkyl or substituted alkyl is preferably at least 3, and more preferably at least 5. An example of such a compound is represented by the formula: A first embodiment of the invention relates to the above metal complexes wherein at least one of R10, Rxl, Ri2, R13 and R14 is other than hydrogen.

A second embodiment of the invention relates to a method of magnetic resonance imaging comprising (a) 25 administering to a human or non-human animal subject a contrast medium comprising a physiologically compatible complex of the invention and a nontoxic pharmaceutically "acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle; and (b) generating a magnetic resonance image of at least a part 30 of the human or non-human animal subject.

A third embodiment of the invention relates to a method of diagnostic imaging comprising (a) administering to a human or non-human animal subject a diagnostic agent comprising a physiologically compatible 35 complex of the present invention and a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or 95/28968 PCT/U S95/03763 vehicle, and (b) genera-ting an X-ray, ultrasound or scintigraphic image of at least a part of the human or non-human animal subject.

A fourth embodiment of the invention relates to a 5 method of radiotherapy practiced on a human or non-human animal subject comprising administering to the human or non-human animal subject a radioactive agent comprising a physiologically compatible complex of the present invention wherein H is a radioactive metal, and a 10 nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle.

The macrocyclic ligand used herein as a comparison to the complexes of the present invention wherein all R's are H can be prepared according to the general 15 synthetic scheme A set forth below utilizing methods known in the art for preparation of certain intermediates and certain ligands. See, for example, Richman et al., J. Am, Chen. Soc., 96, 2268 (1974); Atkins et al. Org. Synth*, 58, 86 (1978); and EP 287 20 465. Thus a triazaalkane is tosylated in a suitable solvent system to produce the corresponding tris(N-tosyl) derivative. Such derivative is then treated with a suitable base to produce the corresponding disulfonamide anion. The disulfonamide anion is then 25 reacted with a di-O-tosylated di-N-tosylated diazaalkane diol to produce the corresponding pentatosylpentaazacycloalkane. The tosyl groups are then removed and the resulting compound is reacted with a manganese (II) compound tinder essentially anhydrous and 30 anaerobic conditions to form the corresponding manganese(II) pentaazacycloalkane complex.

The macrocyclic ligands useful in the complexes of the present invention, wherein Rlf R'i, R3, R'3, Rs, R's, R7, R'?, Rg and R'9 can be H or any functionality as 35 previously described, can be prepared according to the general peptide method shown in Scheme B set forth below. The procedure for preparing the cyclic peptide precursors from the corresponding linear peptides are the sane or significant modifications of methods known in the art. See, for example, Veber, D.F. et al., J. 5 Org. Chem., ±4., 3101 (1979). The general method outlined in Scheme B below is an example utilizing the sequential solution-phase preparation of the functionalized linear pentapeptide from N-terminus to C-terminus. Alternatively, the reaction sequence to 10 prepare the linear pentapeptide can be carried out by solid-phase preparation utilizing methods known in the art. The reaction sequence could be conducted from C-terminus to N-terminus and by convergent approaches such as the coupling of di- and tri-peptides as needed. 15 Thus a Boc-protected amino acid is coupled with an amino acid ester using standard peptide coupling reagents. The new Boc-dipeptide ester is then saponified to the free acid which is coupled again to another amino acid ester. The resulting Boc-tri-peptide ester is again 20 saponified and this method is continued until the Boc-protected pentapeptide free acid has been prepared. The Boc protecting group is removed under standard conditions and the resulting pentapeptide or salt thereof is converted to the cyclic pentapeptide. The 25 cyclic pentapeptide is then reduced to the pentaazacyclopentadecane with lithium aluminum hydride or borane. The final ligand is then reacted with a manganese(II) compound under essentially anaerobic conditions to form the corresponding manganese(II) 30 pentaazacyclopentadecane complex.

Scheme B was utilized for the synthesis of the complexes of Examples 3 and 5.

The R groups in the macrocycles produced by the cyclic peptide route, i.e., Rx, R'1# R3, R'3, R5, R's, 35 R7, R'7, Rg and R'9, could be derived from the 0 or L forms of the amino acids Alanine, Aspartic acid, Arginine, Asparagine, Cysteine, Glycine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Proline, Phenylalanine, Serine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine and /or the R groups of 5 unnatural a-amino acids such as alkyl, ethyl, butyl, tert-butyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, alkenyl, allyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, polycycloalkyl, polycycloaryl, polycycloheteroaryl, imines, aminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxy1, phenol, amine oxides, thioalkyl, 10 carboalkoxyalky 1, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, keto, ether, aldehyde, amine, nitrile, halo, thiol, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonic acid, sulfide, disulfide, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphine oxides, sulfonamides, amides, amino acids, peptides, 15 proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, fatty acids, lipids, nitro, hydroxylaxnines, hydroxamic acids, thiocarbonyls, borates, boranes, boraza, silyl, siloxy, silaza, and combinations thereof.

The macrocyclic ligands useful in the complexes 20 of the present invention can also be prepared by the diacid dichloride route shown in Scheme c set forth below. Thus, a triazaalkane is tosylated in a suitable solvent system to produce the corresponding tris(N-tosyl) derivative. Such a derivative is treated with a 25 suitable base to produce the corresponding disulfonamide anion. The disulfonamide anion is dialkylated with a suitable electrophile to produce a derivative of a dicarboxylic acid. This derivative of a dicarboxylic acid is treated to produce the dicarboxylic acid, which 30 is then treated with a suitable reagent to form the diacid dichloride. The desired vicinal diamine is obtained in ar.y of several ways. One way which is useful is the preparation from an aldehyde by reaction with cyanide in the presence of ammonium chloride 35 followed by treatment with acid to produce the alpha ammonium nitrile. The latter compound is reduced in the presence of acid and then treated with a suitable base to produce the vicinal diamine. Condensation of the diacid dichloride with the vicinal diamine in the presence of a suitable base forms the tris(tosyl)diamide 5 macrocycle. The tosyl groups are removed and the amides are reduced and the resulting compound is reacted with a manganese (II) compound under essentially anhydrous and anaerobic conditions to form the corresponding substituted pentaazacycloalkane manganese (II) complex. 10 Scheme c was utilized for the synthesis of the complexes of Example 2.

The vicinal diamines have been prepared by the route shown (known as the Strecker synthesis) and vicinal diamines were purchased when commercially 15 available. Any method of vicinal diamine preparation could be used.

The macrocyclic ligands useful in the complexes of the present invention can also be prepared by the bis(haloacetamide) route shown in Scheme D set forth 20 below. Thus a triazaalkane is tosylated in a suitable solvent system to produce the corresponding tris(N-tosyl) derivative. Such a derivative is treated with a suitable base to produce the corresponding disulfonamide anion. A bis(haloacetamide), e.g., a 25 bis(chloroacetamide), of a vicinal diamine is prepared by reaction of the diamine with an excess of haloacetyl halide, e.g., chloroacetyl chloride, in the presence of a base. The disulfonamide anion of the tris(N-fcosyl) triazaalkane is then reacted with the 30 bis(chloroacetamide) of the diamine to produce the substituted tris(N-tosyl)diamide macrocycle. The tosyl groups are removed and the amides are reduced and the resulting compound is reacted with a manganese (II) i compound under essentially anhydrous and anaerobic 35 conditions to form the corresponding substituted pentaazacycloalkane manganese (II) complex. 95/28968 Scheme D is an alternative synthetic route to the complex of Example 2.

The macrocyclic ligands useful in the complexes of the present invention, wherein ra, r lr r2, R 2 are part 5 of a cis- or trans- cycloalkyl ring system and rs, r 5, r7, r 7 and rg, r 9 can be h or any functionality previously described, can be prepared according to the pseudo-peptide method shown in Scheme E set forth below. A cis-1,2-Diaminocycloalkane or a trans- (r, R) -1,2-10 diaminocycloalkane or trans-(S,S)-l,2-diaminocycloalkane can be used in this method in combination with any amino acids. This allows the relative stereochemistry of the cycloalkane fused ring and substituent, Rs, r 5, R7, r' 7, rg, r 9, functionality and stereochemistry to be defined 15 in any manner. As an example trans-(r,r)-1,2- diaminocyclhexane was monotosylated and reacted with Boc anhydride to afford the differentiated N-Boc, N-tosyl derivative. The sulfonamide was alkylated with methyl bromoacetate using sodium hydride as the base and 20 saponified to the free acid. The cyclohexanediamine containing N-tosylglycine serves as a dipeptide surrogate in standard solution-phase peptide synthesis. Thus, coupling with a functionalized amino acid ester affords the corresponding pseudo-tripeptide. Two 25 sequential TFA cleavage-couplings affords the pseudo-pentapeptide which can be N- and C-terminus deprotected in one step using HCl/AcOH. DPPA mediated cyclization followed by LiAlH4 or Borane reduction affords the corresponding macrocylic ligand. This ligand system is 30 reacted with a manganese (II) compound, such as manganese (II) chloride under essentially anaerobic conditions to form *~he corresponding functionalized manganese (II) pentaazacycloalkane complex.

The macrocyclic ligands useful in the complexes of 35 the present invention, wherein Rlr R lf R2, R* 2 and Rs, t 9 R 5, R6, R 6, are part of a cis- or trans- cycloalkyl ring system and Rg, R* 9 can be H or any functionality previously described, can be prepared according to the iterative pseudo-peptide method shown in Scheme F set forth below. A cis-l,2-Diaminocycloalkane or a trans-5 (R,R)-l,2-diaminocycloalkane or trans-(S,S)-1,2- diaminocycloalkane can be used in any combination with each other using this method and in combination with any amino acids. This allows the relative stereochemistry of both cycloalkane fused rings and substituent, Rg, R 9, 10 functionality and stereochemistry to be defined in any manner. Thus, the (S,S)-l,2-diaminocyclohexyl-N-tosylglycine dipeptide surrogate, prepared from (S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane exactly as in Scheme E in the case of (R,R)-l,2-diaainocyclohexane, can be coupled 15 with a functionalized amino acid ester to afford the corresponding pseudo-tripeptide. TFA cleavage affords the pseudo-tripeptide TFA salt which is coupled with (R,R)-diaminocyclohexyl-N-tosylglycine. Saponification and TFA cleavage affords the bis-cyclohexano containing 20 pseudo-pentapeptide. DPPA mediated cyclization followed by LiAlH4 or Borane reduction affords the corresponding bis-cyclohexano-fused macrocylic ligand. This ligand system is reacted with a manganese (II) compound, such as manganese (II) chloride under essentially anaerobic 25 conditions to form the corresponding functionalized manganese (II) pentaazacycloalkane complex. scheme a Scheme A h2n n nh h TsCI, pyridlna TsHN N NHTs T# Na/EtOH TsN N NTs Na* Ts Na* H /—V N OH ( TsCI/EtjN CH2CI2 T\ OT« T/W0T« DUF, 100'C T\ /~"\ /« cN No Ts 1. H2S04, 100°C 2. NaOH <^N N"A MnX: H'f N- ) h Nt-H MeOH U„N c4o SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 SCHEME B R. R', O EDC.HCI. HOBT. R, R, « y .oh hp.. I a*'™m y i BoeNH^ Y "" Y "OEt 21 BocNH' Y "*OB ./V Ethyl chferolomarte, || _./\ R' R« OMF, TEA, 0 *C O Rt "t r, r. H O 0 EDC-HCI. HOBT, tUOH, HjO V 1 D II OMF.TEA.RI O R't B, R, Rj or CHjOH || f\ Ethyl chiorolormate, OMF, TEA, 0 *C V R. V m V R. •? fin,. R, v L Ay.® y . i. A y <* ^ Y X T n chjoh **»« x X I II n«# v I II II fc.f \ I ii O "1 W O O R1 "I H 0 r. a- H Or, r. H O EOOHCI, HOBT, \/ I II V I II OMF. TEA. RT O R'l *i H O *« Rs DMF, TEA, 0 ®C R", "hj NaOH.HjO CHsOH H*N BoeNH^ "V" Y ^fT Y ^OH + Y "OEl EDC'HCI, HOBT, OMF, TEA, RT or Ethyl chbrotormate, Fif % DMF, TEA, 0 *C SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 95/28968 PCT7US95/03763 SCHEME B (Con't.) NaOH, HjO CHjOH Vv r?, v—nh hn— o " yH R3 MnCl2, MeOH \£ ^ nh hn—*»«r, .^^uu MM*"* *nh hn- R» R. R» .** & R» Rj R» SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) SCHEME C r®—-cho 1-TsCI, Na* pyridine Ts ,n Na* N—Ts N, R'd 1. KCN. NH4CI NH4OH, thf 2. HCI N R« BrCR2COOCH3 dmf f °Y-OCH3 CHaO^0 H3N+ a - h2. PtOj, ho r'# r r.r-h d " hjn+ +NH3 a " base Rt-3^ V-R? J{£n N^"- 5Wj Ts-/ 1. NaOH "* 2. HCI O O y-.OH HO^y \r* $ ,N r# r h2n nh2 base I R« I CICOCOCI O ' O y^ci ci^y t?dn n nC?| n'4rTc«-R' R'9 R ■v&H&p N N—^ t££n n cr« uaih4 ?VTV4 ^d™0",,, Rs R#rs* R« Rt^n R* . H^— Ra R R'a R arf-W r,HC n_"V Rt_N m-^RJ Hi/ lS*—H rb'r /'^R' hOHwh ^rsA — N P Nl_ ^ - 6 ^ Rr-^ \f/ R^n^mh XR, MnCI2 *A -N *'Ri TR« SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26} WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 scheme d d rj r q1 T?d" b" ° * X* :V o^rko r'5 uS14 odsX' "• RSTsr, R'4 UAIH4 dms or thf •?"» ? " / J\ \ H H~/N N-H Rit\ rn m V* Rs n* ^_/ I o'.

R^vr^' "1 «" »« B. B.H f£V, SUBSTmrtESHEET (RULE 26) WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 scheme e TsO tBQCfaO f^YNHT' ^^NH, ^^"'NHBOC NaH'DMF EDC ». qJ'-L, QM.

^-^""NHBOC ^-^NHBOC <>g O'^K^Y0CH,-!E4-- 'NHBoc ^^'"NHj*CF,COj- ° * EDC o T# h ** J** T* 9 Rs xS. rr"fYV°* BocR13N - 6 —- I^J J «« 0 VNH2R,/CF3COJ- ,N \^NRMBOC <V, H *. *, ED0/ HCI/HOAe nr13boc ' n,o nh^j-hci SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE28) wo 95/28968 SCHEHE E (Con't.) IJAIH4orBHj hT MnClj MeOH _A Rm "7 R# R» SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 8CBEME F Ct TS O M.

+HC1*R14HN NHBoc 0 "OH KOH Ts o R. R>. I II "?/ * P OH aKjf ..

R» Ra T* ?. R-,0 V9 — Q^nfi NHBoc TFA Ts 0 T# S I n 'i/1! | ^ cc * cc ^ p OB.

NHBoc 'NHj'TFA Ts O TFA P OH NHBOC O^V-N* N NHfTFA I SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) PCTAJ S95/03763 SCHEME F (Con't.) T. o O^Vt ^ CX "=> I J T« 1 oAj? hh,™ o^vS o UAIH4 orBHj «* rr^* lJ%$± — CL 7.

- Wti) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE26) The macrocyclic ligands useful in the preparation of complexes of the present invention containing a strap -an be prepared according to the following example schemes.

The macrocyclic ligands useful in the complexes of the present invention, wherein R4 or R'4 and R8 or R'e are connected to one another through a "strap" or second ring system in a bicyclic sense, R12, R13 and R14 can be H or any functionality previously described and R17 has 10 the same definition as R12, R13 and R14 can be prepared according to the method set forth in Scheme G below. The TFA salt of trans-(R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl-N-tosylglycine dipeptide surrogate is coupled with Z-GjLu(OtBu) —OH usirf EDC in DMF. This tripeptide is 15 then saponified and coupled with Orn(Boc)-OMe«HCl using EDC in DMF. The resulting tetrapeptide is .then N-deprotected by hydrogenolysis of the Z group and coupled with Z-Gly again using EDC in DMF.

Saponification and hydrogenolysis affords the 20 deprotected pseudopentapeptide which is cyclized with DFPA. The side chains are then deprotected in one step using TFA and a second "strap-cyclization" is effected again with DPPA as the coupling agent. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction affords the bicyclic ligand system 25 which is reacted with manganese (II) chloride under essentially anaerobic conditions to form the corresponding functionalized manganese (II) hexaazabicycloalkane complex.

SCHEME Q ^•v/^UH.-TFA I NHi-TFA I I O^^Offlu 0^Np-NR,4Z CT 0©u ,NRfgBoc ry^rr ? I I ^ ,^S^NR,42 J , T I | 0^^.nr14Z N k I J NR,sBoe L Or^OtBu H* PdfC ^NR15Boc T» O /""W^ | / i Tt q r CT OlBu NR„Boc rfVfi. OT^ " O X 1 cr otBu SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) PCT/U S95/03763 SCHEMB 6 (Con't.) Qr^icV NR1fBoc 1. NlOH 2. Hf, PdC rv^ ^ ° CT^OOu Nr«t3° - .N a '> } 0>^p r -NHR1i.TFA TFA T«. 0 ^xV *MH 0 NR||Boc a 1 Rm O'^Y' n|/^NHR» X Or otBu DPPA a TS/ACV >=o NrR« "NRjjBoc > J SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 SCHEME G (Con't.) h,A-\ M O. • \ 'XSJ' Ri« MnCfe CHjOH r SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) -35 The macrocyclic ligands useful in the complexes of the present invention, wherein nitrogen substituent R12 and R8 or R'g are connected to one another through a 5 "strap" or second ring system in a bicyclic sense and R13, R14 and R17 can be H or any functionality previously described can be prepared according to the method set forth in Scheme H below. The TFA salt of trans- (R,R) -1,2-diaminocyclohexyl-N-tosylglycine dipeptide surrogate 10 is coupled with Z-Glu(OtBu)-OH using EDC in DMF. This tripeptide is then saponified and coupled with N-[3-(Boc-amino)propylJ-Gly-OMe»HCl using EDC in DMF. The resulting tetrapeptide is then N-deprotected by hydrogenolysis of the Z group and coupled with Z-Gly 15 again using EDC in DMF. Saponification and hydrogenolysis affords the deprotected pseudopentapeptiae which is cyclized with DPPA. The side chains are then deprotected in one step using TFA and a second "strap-cyclization" is effected again with 20 DPPA as the coupling agent. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction affords the bicyclic ligand system which is reacted with manganese (II) chloride under essentially anaerobic conditions to form the corresponding functionalized manganese (II) hexaazabicycloalkai.e 25 complex.

PCT/13 S95/03763 8CHEME H ^ OMi + I edc. tea f J J %nhj.tfa J I 1 O*" "OtBu 0" ~NRuZ or oibu NRuBoe jfUOH NR,gBoc / >""WW t T\ /o . O HOHN^ >k_.. I I OH ° | ' o^X^-NRuZ ^n^NRMZ d^r | Hj, Pd/C NR«Boc OIBu or "oibu ,NRtsBoc V f T* fl I T# 0 f 0 0 ° or"- 1 ^0 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) SCHEME H (Con't.) >NR|jBoe ,NR,jBoc T« O Nh 0 I y NR»Z o O" OtBu 1. naoh 2.h|, pew Tt NHR15.TFA CX.

N-R,, <r\X? -n r" tfa ft4 f NHR„ X o O*" ^OtBu OPPA T«.

NRjjBoc N a %-d 13 i SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) PCT/US9S/03763 SCHEME H (Con't.) NHR„.TFA T\f v-\. a <r\\° a H^>~> v v>< « 0Nr vi OPPA a MnCfc CHjOH UAIHiOfBHj df$ »'Ur I B \jy SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 28) PCMJS95/03763 The macrocyclic ligands useful in the complexes of the present invention, wherein nitrogen substituents R12 and R14 are connected to one another through a "strap" or 5 second ring system in a bicyclic sense and r5, r'5, r7, r'7, rg, r'9, and r17 can be H or any functionality previously described cam be prepared according to the method set forth in Scheme I below. The cyclohexyl-containing pentaazamacrocyclic ligand, prepared 10 according to Scheme E is reacted with the ditosyl- sulfonamide of diethanolamine, which is prepared from diethanoamine and tosyl chloride. This "strapping" cyclization can be conducted using Cs2C03 as the base in DMF solvent. This bicyclic ligand system is then 15 reacted with manganese (II) chloride under essentially anaerobic conditions to form the corresponding functionalized manganese (II) hexaazabicycloalkane complex.

SCHEME I HO„ N-H "Vfc-V R»ff.

T$0% CSjCOJ, DMF I TsCl J "is ^N^OTs MnClj, CH3OH Rs R's cr I SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 28} The pentaazamacrocycles of the present inveuuxon can possess one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and are thus capable of existing in the form of optical isomers as well as in the form of racemic or nonracemic mixtures 5 thereof. The optical isomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes, for example by formation of diastereoisomeric salts by treatment with an optically active acid. Examples of appropriate acids are 10 tartaric, diacetyltartaric, dibenzoyltartaric, ditoluoyltartaric and camphorsulfonic acid and then separation of the mixture of diastereoisomers by crystallization followed by liberation of the optically active bases from these salts. A different process for 15 separation of optical isomers involves the use of a chiral chromatography column optimally chosen to maximize the separation of the enantiomers. Still another available method involves synthesis of covalent diastereoisomeric molecules by reacting one or more 20 secondary amine group(s) of the compounds of the invention with an optically pure acid in an activated form or an optically pure isocyanate. The synthesized diastereoisomers can be separated by conventional means such as chromatography, distillation, crystallization or 25 sublimation, and then hydrolyzed to deliver the enantiomerically pure ligand. The optically active compounds of the invention can likewise be obtained by utilizing optically active starting materials, 'such as natural amino ;cids.

The methods of diagnostic analysis of the present invention involve administering the complexes, i.e. contrast enhancing agents, of the invention to a human or non-human animal subject or host, in an amount sufficient to effect the desired contrast (or shift) and 35 then subjecting the host to diagnostic analysis. Preferably diagnostic analysis is NHR analysis; -42 including and especially preferred, NMR imaging analysis (or MRI). Further, the complexes of the present invention are useful in diagnostic analysis by X-ray image analysis, ultrasonic analysis or scintigraphic 5 analysis. While described primarily as contrast enhancing agents, the complexes of the invention can act as NMR shift reagents and such use is contemplated by the methods herein.

The complexes of the invention used as contrast 10 enhancing agents are administered in an amount sufficient to effect the desired contrast. For NMR, this amount is an NMR signal effecting amount of the complex, i.e. any amount of said complex that will alter the spin-lattice, spin-spin or spin-echo relaxation 15 times of an NMR signal or for a shift reagent, selectively shift the spectrical position of a resonance nucleus relative to other similar nuclei. This alteration is effected in a manner in order to enhance the signals received from the subject under analysis 20 either by reducing the aforementioned relaxation times or by increasing them with respect to an area of the host or the host per se which has had the complex administered to it. In another embodiment, the NMR signal effecting amount of the complex is that amount 25 which in addition to changing the relaxation times of the NMR signals in the host, will also change such relaxation times sufficiently so that sharper lines of definition or higher contrast is obtained between those parts of the host that have and have not been 30 administered the complex.

The relaxation time Tj (called the spin-lattice) measures the rate at which magnetic energy is transferred from the resonance nuclei to all other energetic degrees of freedom excluding other resonance 35 nuclei. The relaxation time T2 (spin-spin) measures the rate of magnetization transfer to other resonance nuclei.

Mother parameter which can be measured is the density ^ of the protons in the medium. As a first approximation, it represents the quantity of free water contained in the sample; The image by nuclear magnetic resonance represented the distribution of these parameters ^, Tlr T2 or their combination. The contrast between a given tissue and the adjacent tissues increases as a function of the tissues containing more or less water or mobile protons 10 and differing relaxation times. It is also possible to modify the contrast by varying one or more of these parameters (experimentally echoes of spins aiding the function of T2, or reversal-recovery of the magnetization permitting the local measurement of TA). 15 Experience has shown that it was of greater interest to modify the relaxation time to improve the contrast of the image which can be accomplished, for example, with the contrast enhancing agents provided herein. The density of the protons (in practice those of water and 20 lipids) varies little between individual organs and often less between normal and pathological tissues. However, the relaxation characteristics are dependent on a larger number of factors (microscopic dynamics of the molecules, chemical exchange, paramagnetic disturbances, 25 etc.) which sure much more variable.

A detailed discussion of NMR and theoretical considerations in selecting the appropriate parameters for diagnostic analysis, e.g. MRI, is rendered in U.S. Pat. No. 4,749,560 which is incorporated herein by 30 reference. X-ray image analysis, ultrasonic diagnosis, scintigraphic image analysis and radiotherapy utilizing the complexes of the invention are all conducted in accordance with well-established techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. 95/28968 44 Moreover, the method of diagnostic analysis of the invention allows tissue or organ-specific diagnostic analysis to be achieved. For example, the contrast enhancing agents can eyhibit organ and tissue 5 specificity, e.g. biodifferental distribution, such as in myocardial tissue when the complexes of the invention are lipophilic in nature.

The complexes of the invention may be administered to a host as a pharmaceutical composition in a contrast-10 enhancing amount. The pharmaceutical compositions contain a contrast-enhancing dosage of the contrast agents according to the invention together with a nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle. The compositions can be administered by 15 well-known routes including oral, intravenous (if soluble), intramuscular, intranasal, intradermal, subcutaneous, parenteral, enteral and the like.

Depending on the route of administration, the pharmaceutical composition may require protective 20 coatings.

The pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use includes sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. In all 25 cases the ultimate solution form must be sterile and fluid. Typical carriers include a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, buffered aqueous solutions (i.e. biocompatible buffers}, ethenol, polyol (glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and 30 the like), suitable mixtures thereof, surfactants or vegetable oils. Sterilization can be accomplished by any art recognized technique, including but not limited to, addition of antibacterial or antifungal agents, for example, paraben, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, 35 thimerosal, and the like. Further, isotonic agents, PCT/U S95/03763 such as sugars or sodium chloride may be incorporated in the subject compositions.

Production of sterile injectable solutions containing the subject contrast agent is accomplished by 5 incorporating these agents in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by sterilization, preferably filter sterilization. To obtain a sterile powder, the above solutions are vacuum-dried or freeze-10 dried as necessary.

Solid dosage forms for oral administration may include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, granules and gels. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as 15 sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, as in normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluent, e.g. lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering 20 agents. Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared with enteric coatings.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration may include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs containing 25 inert diluent commonly used in the art, such as water. Such compositions may also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, and sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.

The contrast agents of the inventions are thus 30 compounded for convenient and effective administration in pharmaceutically effective amounts with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle in a dosage which effects contrast enhancement. These amounts are preferably about 1 fmol to 1 mol of the 35 contrast agent per liter and/or administered in doses of about 0.001 to 5 mmol/kg body weight. Preferred compositions provide effective dosages of contrast agents in the range of about 0.001-5 mmol/kg for NMR diagnostics, preferably about 0.005-0.5 mmol/kg; in the range of about 0.1-5 mmol/kg for X-ray diagnostics; and 5 in the range of about 0.1-5 mmol/kg for ultrasound diagnostics. For scintigraphic diagnostics, the dose of the contrast agent should ge*» orally be lower than for NMR diagnostics, e.g. MRI. For radiotherapy, conventional doses known to those of ordinary skill in 10 the art can be used.

As used herein, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic agents, and the like. The 15 use of such media and agents are well known in the art.

Contemplated equivalents of the general formulas set forth above for the compounds and derivatives as well as the intermediates are compounds otherwise corresponding thereto and having the same general 20 properties such as tautomers of the compounds and such as wherein one or more of the various R groups are simple variations of the substituents as defined therein, e.g., wherein R is a higher alkyl group than that indicated, or where the tosyl groups are other 25 nitrogen or oxygen protecting groups or wherein the O-tosyl is a halide. Anions having a charge other than 1, e.g., carbonate, phosphate, and hydrogen phosphate, can be used instead of anions having a charge of 1, so long as they do not adversely affect the overall 30 activity of the complex. However, using anions having a charge other than 1 will result in a slight modification of the general formula for the complex set forth above. In addition, where a substituent is designated as, or can be, a hydrogen, the exact chemical nature of a 35 substituent which is other than hydrogen at that position, e.g., a hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen, hydroxy, amino and the like functional group, is not critical so long as it does not adversely affect the overall activity and/or synthesis procedure.

The chemical reactions described above are 5 generally disclosed in terms of their broadest application to the preparation of the compounds of this invention. Occasionally, the reactions may not be applicable -s described to each compound included within the disclosed scope. The compounds for which this 10 occurs will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art. In all such cases, either the reactions can be successfully performed by conventional modifications known to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriate protection of interfering groups, by changing to 15 alternative conventional reagents, by routine modification of reaction conditions, and the like, or other reactions disclosed herein or otherwise conventional, will be applicable to the preparation of the corresponding compounds of this invention. In all 20 preparative methods, all starting materials are known or readily preparable from known starting materials.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its 25 fullest extent. The following preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

EXAMPLES All reagents were used as received without purification unless otherwise indicated. All NMR spectra were obtained on a Varian VXR-300 or VXR-400 35 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Qualitative and quantitative mass spectroscopy was run on a Finnigan MAT90, a Finnigan 4500 and a VG40-250T using m-nitrobenzyl alcohol(NBA) or m-nitrobenzyl alcohol/LiCl (NBA+Li). Melting points (mp) are uncorrected.

The following abbreviations relating to amino acids 5 and their protective groups are in accordance with the recommendation by IUPAC-ZUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (Biochemistry, 11, 1726 (1972)) and common usage* Ala L-Alanine DAla D-Alanine Gly Glycine Ser L-Serine DSer D-Serine Ppg Propargylglycine Tyr L-Tyrosine Bzl Benzyl Boc tert-Butoxycarbonyl Et Ethyl TFA Trifluoroacetat« DMF Dimethylformamide HOBT*H20 1-Hydroxy- (1H) -benzotriazole monohydrate EDC*HCI 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride TEA Triethylamine DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide THF Tetrahydrof uran DPPA Diphenylphosphoryl azide DMPU Dimethylpropyleneurea c concentration, g/cc DME 1,2-Dimethoxyethane The abbreviation Cyc represents 1,2-cyclohexeuiediamine (stereochemistry, i.e. R,R or S,S, is 35 indicated as such). This allows three letter code 49- peptide nomenclature to be used in pseudopeptides containing the 1,2-cyclohexane diamine "residue .

Example l (Comparative) A. Synthesis of 1.4.7-Tris(p-toluenesulfonvl)-1.4.7-fcr 1 a zaheptane This compound was synthesized following the procedure of Atkins, T. J.; Richman, J.E.; and 10 Oettle, W.P.; Org. Synth., SSL, 86-98 (1978). To a stirred solution of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (618 g, 3.24 mole) in pyridine (1500 ml) at 0°C was added a solution of 1,4,7-triazaheptane (95.5 g, 0.926 mole) in pyridine (150 ml) under a dry argon atmosphere, 15 maintaining the temperature £ 50°C. The addition required 30 minutes. After the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature slowly while stirring for 3 h, H20(2 1) was slowly added to the cooled (ice bath) mixture. The heavy white precipitate which formed was 20 filtered and washed thoroughly with H20. The pale yellow solid was dissolved in DMF (3 1) and 0.1 N HCI (4 1) was slowly added at 5°C. The slurry was filtered and the pale yellow solid was washed thoroughly with H20 and dried in vacuo to give 486 g (93% yield) of the product: 25 mp 180-1*C; *H NMR(DMS0-d6) 6 2.39 (s,3 H) , 2.40 (s, 6 H), 2.84 (m, 4 H), 3.04 (t, J-6.9 Hz, 4 H) 7.40 (dr J-8.1 Hz, 4 H), 7.59 (d, J-8.3 Hz, 2 H), 7.67 (m, 6 H). B. Synthesis of 1.4.7-Trlsfp-toIuenesulfonvl)-1.4.7-triazaheptane-l.7-disodium Salt 30 This compound was synthesized following the procedure of Atkins, T.J.; Richman, J.E., and Oettle, W.F.; Org. Synth., 5a 86-98 (1978). To a mechanically stirred slurry of 1,4,7-tr is (p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,4,7-triazaheptane prepared as in Example 1A (486 g, 0.859 35 mole) in ethanol (1150 ml) heated to reflux under a dry argon atmosphere was added a solution of sodium ethoxide (prepared by dissolving sodium metal (39.5 g, 1.72 mole) in absolute ethanol (1.0 1)) as rapidly as possible. The clear brown solution which formed rapidly was allowed to cool to room temperature and ethyl ether (1.0 5 1) was added. The crystals were filtered under a dry argon blanket, washed with 3:1 ethanol:ethyl ether and ethyl ether. The crystals were then dried in vacuo to give 509 g (97% yield) of the product as a white powder: *H NMR (DMSO-d6) 6 2.30 (s 6 H), 2.36 (s, 3 H), 2.63 (t, 10 J«8.7 HZ, 4 H), 2.89 (t, J-7.2 Ha, 4 H) 7.11 (d, J-8.1 Hz, 4 H), 7.28 (d, J-8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.46 (m, 6 H) .

C. Synthesis of 3.6-Bisfp-toluenegulfonvll-3.6-diazaoctane-1.8-di-p-toluenesulfonate To a stirred solution of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride 15 (566 g, 2.97 mole) and triethylamine (300 g, 2.97 mole) in CH2C12 (2.0 1) at 0*C under a dry argon atmosphere was added 3,6-diazaoctane-l,8-diol (100 g, 0.675 mole) in portions, maintaining the temperature <10°C. The addition required 30 minutes. The mixture was allowed 20 to warm to room temperature while stirring an additional 18 h and was then poured onto ice (1000 g). The CH2C12 layer was separated, washed with 10% HCI, H20 and saturated NaCl solution, and dried (MgS04). The solution was concentrated in vacuo to a volume of 1.5 1. 25 Crystallization by the addition of hexane (4 1) gave 477 g (92% yield) of the product as colorless needles: mp 151-3°c; *H NMR (CDC13) S 2.43 (s, 12 H) , 3.29 (s, 4 H), 3.36 (t, J«5.2 Hz, 4 H)*4.14 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 4 H), 7.33 (d, J«7.8 HZ, 8 H) , 7.71 (d, J-8.2 Hz, 4 H) , 7.79 (d, 30 J=8.3 HZ, 4 H).

D. Synthesis of 1.4 .7.10.13-Pentafp-toluenesulfonvl ^ -1.4.7.10.13-pentaazacvclopentadecane This compound was synthesized following the procedure of Richman, J.E., and Atkins, T.J., J. Am. 35 Chem. Soc., &&, 2268-70 (1974). To a stirred solution of 1,4,7-tris (p-toluenesulfonyl) -1,4,7-triazaheptane- 95/28968 1,7-disodium salt prepared as in Example IB (146 g, 0.240 mole) In anhydrous DMF (2250 ml) was added dropwise over 3 h to a solution of 3,6-bis (p-toluene-sulfonyl)-3,6-diazaoctane-l,8-di-p-toluenesulfonate 5 prepared as in Example 1C (184 g, 0.240 mole) in anhydrous DMF (1020 ml) under a dry argon atmosphere, maintaining the temperature at 100°C. After stirring an additional 1 h at 100#C, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to a volume of 1.5 1. H20 (500 ml) was slowly 10 added at 80*c to crystallize the product. The resulting slurry was slowly cooled to 0°C and additional H20 (1250 ml) added. The solid was filtered, washed thoroughly with H20 and then 90% ethanol and dried in vacuo. The off-white solid was dissolved in CH2C12, insoluble 15 impurities were removed by filtration and the filtrate was washed with H20 and then dried (MgS04). The solvent was removed in vacuo to give a yellow solid which was purified by recrystallization from CH2Cl2-hexane to give 164 g (69% yield) of tSe product as a white crystalline 20 solid: mp 290-3°C; JH NMR (CDC13) S 2.44 (s, 15 H) 3.27 (s, 20 H), 7.32 (d, J«8.3 Hz, 10 H), 7.66 (d, J«8.3 Hz, 10 H) .

E. Synthesis of 1.4.7.10.13-Pentaazacvclopentadecane A mixture of 1,4,7,10,13-penta(p-toluenesulfonyl)-25 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane prepared as in Example ID (168 g, 0.170 mole) and concentrated H2S04 (500 ml) was heated at 100°C with stirring under a dry argon atmosphere for 70 h. To the resulting dark brown solution ethanol (500 ml) was added dropwise with 30 stirring at 0°C followed by ethyl ether (3 1). The white solid was filtered and washed with ethyl ether. The solid was then dissolved in H20 (500 ml) and the resulting solution washed with ethyl ether. Upon reducing the volume of the solution in vacuo to 200 ml, 35 the pH was adjusted to 10-11 with 10 N NaOH and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Ethanol (500 ml) was then PCT/U S95/03763 added and removed in vacuo to dryness. The resulting tan oily solid was extracted with hot THF (2x500 ml) and filtered at room temperature. The filtrates were combined and the solvent removed in vacuo to give the 5 crude product as a yellow crystalline solid which was then redissolved in CH3CN and filtered to remove insoluble impurities. Recrystallization from cold (—20°C) CH3CN gave 11.3 g (31% yield) of the product as colorless needles: mp 108-9°C; NMR (CDC13) S 1.74 (br 10 s, 5 H), 2.73 (s, 20 H); Exact mass (M+Li)+: calcd, 222.2270; Found, 222.2269 (C10H25N5Li).

P. Synthesis of ManganesefIIIdlchlorof1.4 .7.10.13-Pent a a z acvclopentadecane ^ A solution of 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane 15 prepared as in Example IE (2.0 g, 9.3 mmole) and anhydrous manganese(II) chloride (1.2 g, 9.3 mmole) in anhydrous methanol (50 ml) was refluxed under a dry nitrogen atmosphere for 3 h. The solution was filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo. The resulting solid 20 was recrystallized from ethanol-ethyl ether to give 2.79 g (88% yield) of the product as an off-white crystalline solid: FAB mass spectrum (NBA) m/z (relative intensity) 340 (M+, 2), 305/307 ((M-Cl)+ 100/45)); Anal. Calcd. for C10H25C12MnNS! C» 35.17; H, 7.38; CI, 20.76; N 20.60. 25 Found: C, 34.95; H, 7.31; CI, 20.49; N, 20.22.

Example 2 hi Synthesis of Dimethyl 3.6.9-Trisfp-toluenesulfonvll- 3.6.9-tria zaundecanedioate 1,4,7-Tris (p-toluenesulfonyl) -1,4,7-tr iazaheptane-1,7-disodium salt prepared as in Example IB (30 g, 49.2 mmol) was dissolved in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (180 ml) under argon. After cooling to 0 c in an ice bath, 35 methyl chloroacetate (15.40 g, 141.9 mmol) was added dropwise over a 10 min period. The reaction mixture 53 became cloudy at the end of the addition, and was allowed to stir overnight while the ice bath warmed to room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a brown oil which was dissolved 5 in ethyl acetate (450 ml) giving a milky solution. This solution was washed twice with water (500 ml, then 300 ml). The combined water layers were back extracted with ethyl acetate (300 ml). The combined ethyl acetate layers were washed twice with saturated sodium chloride 10 solution (200 ml), filtered, and evaporated to dryness. This residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (200 ml) and evaporated to dryness, and placed on the vacuum line. After recrystallization from chloroform-methanol, and washing -rith methanol and ether, an off-white solid 15 was obtained weighing 27.46 g. An additional quantity of a slightly darker solid (4.7 g) was recovered from the filtrate after removing the solvent and recrystallizing as before. Total yield was 32.2 g (93% yield): mp 141-2* C; NMR (CDC13) S 2.42 and 2.44 (2 20 s, 9 H), 3.41 (br s, 8 H), 3.60 (s, 6 H), 4.07 (s, 4 H), 7.26 - 7.35 (m, 6 H), 7.63 - 7.74 (m, 6 H).

Synthesis of 3.6.9-Tris(p-toluenesulfonvl)-3.6-9- triazaundecanedioic Acid Dimethyl 3,6,9-tris(p-toluenesulfonyl)-3,6,9-25 triazaundecanedioate prepared as in Example 2A (16 g, 22.5 mmol) was slurried in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml). Sodium hydroxide (2 N, 160 ml) was added dropwise over a 1 h period. After 72 h, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and hydrochloric acid (1 N) was 30 added to lower the pH to 4. This aqueous phase was extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layers were washed twice with brine, dried (MgS04), filtered, and evaporated to give a white solid, 14.22 g (93% yield): mp 177-80* C; ^ NMR 35 (DMS0-d6) S 2.38 and 2.40 (2 s, 9 H), 3.10 (m, 4 H), 3.29 (m, 4 H), 3.73 (s, 4 H), 7.37 and 7.41 (2 d, J « 7.9, 8.2 Hz, 6 H), 7.61 and 7.66 (2 d, J » 8.2 , 8.0 Hz, 6 H). r. synthesis of 3.6.9-Trls(p-toluenesulfonvl)-3.6.9-t-riazaundecanediovl Dichloride 5 3,6,9-Tris(p-toluenesulfonyl)-3,6,9- triazaundecanedioic acid prepared as in Example 2B (40.5 g, 59.4 mmol) was placed in a round bottom flask under argon, and oxalyl chloride (400 g, 3.15 moles) was added. This mixture, initially cloudy, became clear 10 after a few hours, and was stirred overnight at room temperature. At the end of this time it was heated to 40 C for 30 min. Oxalyl chloride was removed on the rotary evaporator. Dichloromethane (50 to 60 ml) was added to dissolve the resulting solid, and was removed 15 on the rotary evaporator. This process was repeated twice, giving 40.5 g (99% yield) of a white solid: mp 136-7* C; 1H NMR (CDC13) 6 2.43 and 2.46 (2 S, 9 H), 3.30 - 3.38 (m, 4 H), 3.40 - 3.48 (m, 4 H), 4.56 (s, 4 H), 7.30 - 7.40 (m, 6 H), 7.71 (d, J « 8.2 Hz, 6 H).

D. Synthesis of trans-S.6-Cvclohexano-l.10.13-trisfp-toluenesulfonvl) -1.4.7.10.13-pentaazacvclopentadecan-?,8-flione Dry dichloromethane (150 ml) was placed in a one 25 liter four necked round bottom flask under argon equipped with two dropping funnels. 3,6,9-Tris(p-toluenesulfonyl)-3,6,9-triazaundecanedioyl dichloride prepared as in Example 2C (5.07 g, 7.05 mmol) was dissolved in dry dichloromethane (150 ml) and added :o 30 one of the dropping funnels, trans-1,2- Diaminocyclohexane (0.805 g, 7.05 mmol) and triethylamine (1.96 ml, 14.1 mmol) were dissolved in dry dichloromethane (150 ml) and added to the other dropping funnel. After cooling the dichloromethane containing 35 flask in an ice bath to an internal temperature of 0 to 5 C, the contents of the dropping funnels were added 55- simultaneously to the stirred solution over 2.25 h. A white precipitate was evident before the addition was finished. At the end of this time, the ice bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight 5 at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and the white precipitate was identified as pure product. The filtrate was washed twice with water (100 ml), once with saturated sodium chloride solution (100 ml), dried (MgS04), filtered, and the solvent was 10 removed under reduced pressure. Recrystallization from dichloromethane-hexane provided additional product, along with the initial precipitate for a total of 2.85 g (53% yield); mp 254-5* C; *H NMR (DMSO-d6) 6 1.15 (br s, 4 H) , 1.52 - 1.75 (m, 4 H), 2.42 and 2.43 (2 s, 9 H), 15 3.04 (m, 8 H), 3.51 (d + m, J - 16.5 Hz, 4 H), 4.01 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 2 H), 7.35 - 7.53 (m, 8 H), 7.71 (d, J « 8.3 HZ, 4 H), 7.80 (br d, J - 10.5 Hz, 2 H).

E. Synthesis of trans-l.2-20 Bis f chloroacetamldol cvclohexane A 12 liter three-neck flask equipped with a magnetic stirbar and two 1 liter dropping funnels was charged with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (35.0 g, 0.310 mol) dissolved in chloroform (375 ml) and water (185 ml). 25 The two dropping funnels were charged individually with chloroacetyl chloride (75 ml, 0.94 mol) in chloroform (440 ml) and potassium carbonate (120.5 g, 0.87 mol) in water (4 1), added in four portions during the addition/ The flask was cooled in an ice salt bath and addition of 30 the reagents was carried out over 2 h. The ice salt bath was removed, water (600 ml) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2.5 h. The mixture was separated and the water layer was extracted with chloroform several times. The combined chloroform 35 layers were washed with water and then brine. The organic layer was dried (sodium sulfate) and WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 concentrated in vacuo to yield an off-white solid. The solid was washed with ether to yield 55.32 g (67% yield) of a white solid after drying in vacuo: mp 202-3 C; NMR (CDC13) 6 1.27 - 1.50 (m, 4 H), 1.75 - 1.95 (m, 2 5 H), 2.03 - 2.20 (m, 2 H), 3.72 - 3.87 (m, 2 H), 4.05 (s, 4 H) , 6.81 (br S, 2 H) .

F. Synthesis of trans-S.6-Cvclohexano-l.10.13-trisfp-toluenesulfonvll-1,4.7.10.13-pentaazacvclopentadecan- ?. (alternate method) A 5 liter three-neck flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar and 1 liter dropping funnel was dried and placed tinder a dry argon atmosphere. A solution of trans-1,2-bis (chloroacetamido)cyclohexane prepared as in 15 Example 2E (6.68 g, 250 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1.25 1) was added to a solution of l,4,7-tris(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,4,7-triazaheptane-l,7-disodium salt prepared as in Example IB (15.2 g, 250 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1.25 1) at room temperature over a period 20 of 12 h. After stirring an additional 2 h, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The solid residue was triturated with chloroform (11) and filtered to yield a white solid. The solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile to give 7.22 g (38% yield) of fluffy white crystals: mp 25 254-5* C; *H NMR (DMSO-d6) S 1.15 (br s, 4 H) , 1.52 -1.75 (m, 4 H), 2.42 and 2.43 (2 s, 9 H), 3.04 (m, 8 H), 3.51 (d + m, J = 16.5 Hz, 4 H), 4.01 (d, J - 16.5 Hz, 2 H), 7.35 - 7.53 (m, 8 H), 7.71 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 4 H), 7.80 (br d, J - 10.5 HZ, 2 H).

G, Synthesis of trans-2.3-Cvclohexano-1.4.7.10.l3- pentaazagyglgpentaflepane trans-5,6-Cyclohexano-l, 10,13-tris (p-toluenesulf onyl) -1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecan-3,8-dione prepared as in Example 2D (1.765 g, 2.32 mmol) 35 was suspended in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme, 40 ml) under argon, and the flask was placed in a water bath. -57 Lithium aluminum hydride (0.5 M in dmer 55 ml, 27.5 mmol) was added over a 5 min period. Five min later heating with a mantle was started, and reflux began 15 min later. The reaction became almost colorless after a 5 few min of reflux, later turning yellow with white precipitate. Reflux was continued for 43.5 h, and then the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. The reaction was quenched by the careful addition of water (0.86 ml) using a water bath for 10 cooling. Five min later, 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.86 ml) was added followed by water (2.6 ml). The slight yellowish color largely discharged during this process. One h later, tetrahydrofuran (55 ml) was added and stirring was continued for 2 h. The quenched 15 reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and placed on the vacuum line, giving a yellowish-white solid. This solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and filtered, then concentrated to a solid and placed on the vacuum line. 20 It was recrystallized from hot acetonitrile under argon, producing 0.316 g (50% yield) of white needles : mp 112-3 C (under nitrogen); aH NMR (CDC13) 6 0.97 (m, 2 H), 1.22 (m, 2H), 1.39 - 1.96 (3 m, 7 H), 2.11 (m, 4 H), 2.49 (m, 2 H), 2.54 - 2.88 (several m, 12 H), 2.94 (m, 2 25 H); Exact mass (M + H) + : calcd, 270.2658; found, 270.2658 (C14H32N5).

Hj Synthesis of rManganesefIHdichloroftrans-2.3- Cvclohexano-1.4.7.10.13-perifcaazacvclopentadecanel 1 trails-2,3-Cyclohexano-l ,4,7,10,13-30 pentaazacyclopentadecane prepared as in Example 2G (301 mg, 1.12 mmol) was added to a hot anhydrous MeOH solution (50 ml) containing anhydrous manganese(II) chloride (140 mg, 1.12 mmol) under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. After refluxing for 2 h, the solution was 35 stirred overnight at room temperature and was then taken to dryness. The white solid was dissolved in warm -58 PCIYUS95/03763 acetone (15 ml) and the solution was filtered. The solution was stripped to dryness and the white solid was washed with ethyl ether. The solid was dried in vacuo to give 0.36 g (82% yield) of product: FAB mass 5 spectrum (NBA) m/z (relative intensity) 394 (M*, 1), 359/361 [(M-Cl)+, 100/29]; Anal, calcd. for ci4H3lN5MnC12! c' 42.54; H, 7.91; N, 17.72. Found: C, 42.56; H, 8.17; N, 17.42.

Example 3 A. Synthesis of Boc-DAla-Ala-OEt To a solution of Boc-DAla (25.0 g, 132.1 mmol) in DMF (1450 ml) was added H0BT*H20 (19.8 g, 129.3 mmol) and 15 EDC*HCI (28.0 g, 146.3 mmol) and the resulting solution was allowed to stir at RT for 30 min. To this solution was added Alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride (20.3 g, 132.1 mmol) and TEA (20.4 ml, 146.3 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to stir for 3 days (for 20 convenience). The DMF was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between water (500 ml) and ethyl acetate (500 ml). The ethyl acetate solution was washed with IN NaHS04 (250 ml), water (250 ml), saturated NaHC03 (250 ml), brine (250 ml) and dried over Na2S04. Filtration 25 and concentration afforded 31.7 g (83 % yield) of the desired dipeptide as a white foam: *H NMR (DMSO-d6) S 1.14 (d, J - 7.4 Hz, 3 H), 1.16 (t, J - 7.4 Hz, 3 H), 1.24 (d, J -V.O HZ, 3 H), 1.36 (s, 9 H), 3.96 - 4.09 (m, 3 H), 4.17 - 4.22 (apparent quintet, J - 7.4 Hz, 1 30 H), 6.77 ( d, J « 7.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.09 (d, J - 7.0 Hz, 1 H); MS (LRCI, CH4) m/z (relative intensity) >317 (5) [M + C2H5] + , 289 (60) [M + H] + .

B. Synthesis of Boc-Ala-Ala-OH 35 To a suspension of the dipeptide (15.0 g, 93.6 mmol) in THF (192 ml) was added 0.5 N NaOH solution (192 ml). To the resulting solution was added di-t-butyldicarbonate (26.6 g, 121.7 mmol) at once. The pH of the reaction was maintained at -10 for 5 h and the mixture was then allowed to stir overnite. The pH of the reaction was 5 again adjusted to -10 and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 ml). The pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted to -3.5 with aqueous potassium bisulfate and this mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 ml). The combined extracts were dried 10 (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to afford 20.7 g (85 % yield) of the desired product as a white powder: 1H NMR (DMSO-dg) S 1.16 (d, J - 6.8 Hz, 3 H), 1.28 (d, J = 7.3 HZ, 3 H), 1.38 (S, 9 H), 3.95 - 4.09 (m, 1 H), 4.20 (quintet, J - 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (d, J » 8.0 Hz, 1 15 H), 8.00 (d, 7.3 HZ, 1 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z -267.1557 [M + Li]+; 267.1532 calcd for C^HaoNjOgLi.

£• Synthesis of DAla-Ala—OEt»TFA The protected dipeptide (31.4 g, 109 mmol) was dissolved 20 in methylene chloride (200 ml) and TFA (66 ml) was added. The resulting solution was allowed to stir for 30 min at RT and concentrated. The residue was coevaporated with methylene chloride (2 x 200 ml), dissoved in ether and oiled out with the addition of 25 excess hexanes. The solvents were decanted and the residue was pumped at high vacuum for 12 h to afford 39.6 g (100 % yield, contains residual TFA) of the ' desired TFA salt as an orange oil: ^ NMR (DMS0-d6) S 1.16 (t, J - 7.0 Hz, 3 H), 1.28 (d, J - 7.0 Hz, 3 H), 30 1.34 (d, J « 7.0 Hz, 3 H), 3.86 (bs, 1H), 4.07 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2 H), 4.26 (quintet, J = 7.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.21 (bs, 3 H), 8.86 (d, J » 7.4 Hz, 1 H); MS (LRCI, CH4) m/z (relative intensity) 217 (5) [M + C2H5]+, 189 (40) [M+H] + . n. Synthesis of boc-Ala-Ala-DAla-Ala-OEt TO a solution of Boc-Ala-Ala-OH (20.1 g, 77.2 mmol) in DMF (850 al) was added HOBT*H2C> (13.1 q, 85.4 mmol) and EDC*HCI (16.4 g, 85.4 mmol). To this solution was added 5 DAla-Ala-OEt*TFA (23.3 q, 77.2 mmol) followed by TEA (11.9 ml, 85.4 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 12 h thereafter. The DMF was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (300 ml) and washed with 1 N potassium bisulfate (150 ml), water (150 10 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate (150 ml) and brine (150 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to half volume and crystallization was allowed to proceed. Isolation by filtration afforded 20.5 g (62 % yield) of the desired 15 tetrapeptide as a white solid: % NMR (DMS0-d6) S 1.13 (d, J « 7.0 Hz, 3 H), 1.17 (two coincidental d, J ■ 7.0 HZ, 6 H), 1.25 (d, J - 7.4 Hz, 3 H), 3.91 - 4.30 (m, 6 H), 6.87 (d , 7.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.92 (d, J - 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.07 (d, J - 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.09 (d, J - 6.6 Hz, 1 H); 20 MS (HRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z - 437.2600 [M + Li] + ; 437.2588 calcd for C19H34N4°7Li- Synthesis of Boc-Ala-Ala-DAla-Ala-OH A solution of Boc-Ala-Ala-DAla-Ala-OEt (10.9 q, 25.3 25 mmol) in methanol (100 ml) was treated with 2.5 M sodium hydroxide (20.0 ml, 50.0 mmol) and the resulting solution was allowed to stir for 2 h at RT. At this time the pH of the solution was lowered to -3 with the addition of aqueous potassium bisulfate and the 30 resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 ml). The combined extracts were dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to afford 6.8 g (67 % yield of the desired acid as a white solid: *H NMR (DMS0-d6) 6 1.17 (d, J ® 7.2 Hz, 3 H), 1.20 (two coincidental d, J » 35 7.1 HZ, 6 H), 1.28 (d, J « 1.3 Hz, 3 H), 1.38 (s, 9 H) , 3.90 - 4.00 (m, 1 H), 4.17 - 4.30 (m, 3 H), 6.93 (d, J » PCT/U S95/03763 6.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.96 (d, J - 6.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.04 (d, J -7.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.07 (d, J - 7.8 HZ, 1 H); HS (HRFAB, NBA -Li) m/z - 409.2331 [M + Li]*; 409.2353 calcd for c17h30n407l^* P. synthesis of Boc-Ala-Ala-DAla-Ala-DAla-OBzl To a solution of Boc-Ala-Ala-DAla-Ala-OH (6.5 g, 16.3 mmol) in OMF (180 ml) was added H0BT*H20 (2.86 g, 18.7 mmol) and EDC*HC1 (3.58 g, 18.7 mmol). The resulting 10 solution was allowed to stir for 15 min at RT and treated with DAla-OBzl p-toluenesulfonate salt (6.57 g, 18.7 mmol) and TEA (2.6 ml, 18.7 mmol). This mixture was allowed to stir for 12 h thereafter. The DMF was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between ethyl 15 acetate (300 ml) and water (300 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with 1 N potassium bisulfate (150 ml), water (150 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate (150 ml) and brine (150 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was then dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to afford 9.0 g 20 (100 t yield) of the desired compound as a white powder: *H NMR (DMSO-dg) S 1.17 (d, J « 7.3 Hz, 3 H), 1.21 (two conincidental d, J « 7.0 Hz, 6 H), 1.22 (d, J - 7.0 Hz, 3 H), 1.32 (d, J - 7.3 HZ, 3 H), 1.37 ( S, 9 H), 3.90 -4.09 (m, 1 H), 4.18-4.34 (m, 4 H), 5.13 (ABq, J » 25 12.7, AV - 10.5 HZ, 2 H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.30 - 7.41 (m, 5 H), 7.97 (d, J « 7.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.10 -8.18 (m, 2 H), 8.25 (d, J - 6.9 Hz, 1 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z « 570.3140 [M + Li]+; 570.3115 calcd for c27h41n508li.

JL Synthesis of Ala-Ala-DAla-Ala-DAla*HC1 Boc-Ala-Ala-DAla-Ala-DAla-OEt (10.4 g, 18.7 dimol) was dissolved in acetic acid (225 ml) and treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (75 ml). The resultin 35 solution was allowed to stir at RT for 14 h thereafter. At this time the reaction was concentrated, coevaporated with water (50 ml) and azeotropically dried by toluene coevaportation (2 x 100 ml) to afford 7.8 g (96 % yield) of the deprotected pentapeptide hydrochloride as a white powder: XH NMR (D20) S 1.29 - 1.39 (m, 12H), 1.47 (d, J 5 - 7.0 Hz, 3 H), 4.06 (q, J - 7.0 Hz, 1 H) , 4.18 - 1.38 (m, 4 H) i MS (LRFAB, NBA - HCI) 374 [M + H] + .

H. synthesis of Cvclo-fAla-Ala-DAla-Ala-DAla-1 To a solution of Ala-Ala-DAla-Ala-DAla•HCI (7.8 g, 19.0 10 mmol) in DMF (2400 ml) at -40 C was added DPPA (6.29 g, 22.8 mmol) and enough TEA to adjust the "pH* to -8 (measured by spotting the reaction mixture on moistened hydrion paper). This solution was allowed to stand at -23 C for 48 hours and at 8 C for 48 hours. During 15 this time the pH was again maintained at -8 with the periodic addition of TEA. At the end of this period the reaction mixture was poured into water (2400 ml) and stirred with mixed-bed ion exchange resin (1200 g) for 6 h. The resin was removed by filtration and the filtrate 20 was concentratedto a volume of - 100 ml. Ether (500 ml) was added and the precipitated white solid was isolated by filtration and washed with more ether (250 ml). The solid was then triturated by stirring with THF (100 ml) for 12 h (to remove traces of DMF), filtered and 25 thoroughly dried to afford 3.15 g (47 % yield) of the desired cyclic peptide as a fine white powder: % NMR (DMSO-d6) 6 1.08 - 1.25 (m, 12 H) , 1.24 (d, J « 7.3 Hz, 3 H), 4.00 - 4.10 (m, 1 H), 4.26 - 4.30 (m, 2 H) , 4.34 (q, J - 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.41 (q, J ■ 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 30 7.58 (d, J « 7.0 HZ, 1 H) , 7.83 (d, J ■ 8.4 Hz, 1 H) , 8.22 (d, J - 6.2 HZ, 1 H), 8.33 (d, J - 7.81, 1 H) , 8.49 (d, J - 6.8 HZ, 1 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA - HCI) m/z 356.1989 (M + H)+; 356.1934 calcd for C15H25N505 (M + H)+.

T. synthesis of f2S. SR. 8S. 11R. 14 S)-Pentamethvl-1.4.7.10.13-pentaazacvclopentadecane To a stirred suspension of cyclo- (Ala- \la-DAla-Ala-DAla-) (3.10 g, 8.70 mmol) in THF (70 ml) at RT was added 5 lithium aluminum hydride (108 ml of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 108 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h and heated to reflux for 16 h tb^ tafter. The mixture was then cooled to —20 C and quenched with the dropwise addition of saturated sodium sulfate (-30 ml). 10 The resulting mixture was concentrated to a dry white powder and this powder was triturated with ether (2 x 150 ml). The combined triturates were concentrated and recrystallized form acetonitrile to afford 1.10 g (44 % yield) of the desired ligand as a white solid: lH NMR 15 (CDC13) S 0.96 (d, J - 5.2 Hz, 3 H), 1.00 (two coincident. *1 d, J « 5.0 Hz, 6 H), 1.02 (two coincidental d, J - 5.0 HZ, 6 H), 1.30 - 1.55 (bm, 2 H), 1.85 - 2.15 (bs, 3 H), 2.05 - 2.19 (m, 5 H), 2.42 - 3.00 (complex m, 12 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA - HCI) m/Z » 286.3013 (N + 20 H)+; 286.2971 calcd for C1SH36NS. iL Synthesis of rManaaneseriT\dichloro-f2S. 5R. 8S. 11R. 14S)-Pentamethv1-1.4.7.10.13-pentaazacyclopentadecane 25 To a stirred solution of anhydrous MnCl2 (79.0 mg, 0.62 mmol) in hot ethanol (5 ml) was added (2S, 5R, 8S, 11R, 14S)-pentaazacyclopentadecane (177 mg, 0.62 mmol). The solution was refluxed for 1 h and stirred at RT for an additional 16 h. The solution was filtered through 30 celite, concentrated to half volume and treated with ether (30 ml). The white crystals were isolated by filtration and dried in vacuo to afford 187 mg (73 % yield) of the complex as a white solid: MS (LRFAB, NBA) m/z (relative intensity) - 410 (5) [M]+, 375/377 35 (100/30) [M - Cl]+; Anal, calcd. for Cl5H35N5MnCl2: C, 43.75; H, 8.57; N, 17.01. Pound: C,43.74; H, 8.60; N, 16.97.

Example 4 a. synthesis of N-fp-toluenesulfanvil-fR.Rl-1.2-diaminocvclohexane To a stirred solution of (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (300 g, 2.63 mole) in CH2C12 (5.00 1) at -10 C was added a solution of p-toluenesulfonylchloride (209 g, 1.10 mole) in CH2C12 (5.00 1) dropwise ofer a 7 h period, maintaining the temp at -5 to -10 C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temp while stirring overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to a volume of 3 1 and the white solid was removed by filtration. The solution was then washed with H20 (10 x 1 1) and was dried over MgS04. Removal of the solvent in vacuo gave 286 g (97.5 % yield) of the product as a yellow crystalline solid: 1H NMR (CDC13) 6 0.98 - 1.27 (m, 4 H), 1.54 - 1.66 (m, 2 H), 1.81 - 1.93 (m, 2 H), 2.34 (dt, J - 4.0, 10.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.42 ( s, 3 H), 2.62 (dt, J - 4.2, 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (d, J - 8.1 HZ, 2 H), 7.77 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H); KS (LRFAB - DTT - DTE) m/z 269 [M + H]*. fc, Synthesis of N-fp-toluenesulfonvn-N* -(BocWR.Rl- l.2-diaminocvclohexane To a stirred solution of N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-(R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane prepared as in Example 1A (256 g, 0.955 mole) in THF (1.15 1) was added a 1 N 30 solution of aqueous NaOH (1.15 1, 1.15 mole). Di-t-butyldicarbonate ( 229 g, 1.05 mole) was then added and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 2 with 1 N HCI and saturated with NaCl. The aqueous 35 solution was then extracted with CH2C12 (2 x 500 ml) and the extracts and THF layer were combined and dried over -65 MgS04. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give a yellow solid. The crude product was purified by crystallization from a THF-ether-hexanes mixture to give 310 g (88.1% yield) of the product as a white 5 crystalline solid: mp: 137 - 139* C; *H NMR (CDC13) S 1.04 - 1.28 (m, 4 H), 1.44 (s, 9 H), 1.61 - 1.69 (m, 2 H), 1.94 - 2.01 (m, 2 H), 2.43 (s, 3 H), 2.86 (brs, 1 H), 3.30 (br df J - 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.37 (br d, J - 6.7 HZ, 1 H), 5.48 (br d, J - 4.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J - 9.7 10 Hz, 2 H), 7.73 (d, J - 8.1 HZ, 2 H) ; MS (LRFAB, NBA -Li) m/z 375 [M + Li)+.

C. Synthesis of Boc-fR.Rl-CvcfTBl-qlv-OMe To a stirred solution of N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-n'-15 (Boc)-(R,R)-l,2-diaminocyclohexane prepared as in Example IB (310 g, 0.841 mole) in anhydrous DMF (3.11 1) at 0 C was added NaH (37.4 g - 60 % in oil, 0.934 mole) in portions and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min. Methyl bromoacetate (142 g, 0.925 mole) was then 20 added dropwise over 45 min and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temp while stirring overnight. After stirring for 17 h, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (3 1) and H20 (1 1). The e-ryl acetate solution was washed with 25 saturated NaHC03 (11), saturated NaCl (500 ml) and was dried over MgS04. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the resulting oil was dissolved in ether.

Crystallization by' the addition of hexanes gave 364 g (98 % yield) of the product (TLC (98:2 CHC13-30 MeOH/silica gel/UV detn) showed that the product contained about 5% starting material) as colorless needles: mp of pure sample 151 - 2 C ; NMR (CDC13) 6 1.11 - 1.22 (m, 4 H), 1.45 (S, 9 H), 1.64 - 1.70 (m, 3 H), 2.16 - 2.19 (m, 1 H), 2.43 (8, 3 H), 3.34 - 3.40 (m, 35 2 H), 3.68 (s, 3 H), 4.06 (ABq, J - 18.5 Hz, A v - 155 Hz, 2H), 4.77 (br 8 1 H), 7.30 (d, J * 8.3 Hz, 2 H), WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 7.82 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H)J MS (LRFAB, DTT - DTE) m/z 441 [M + H]+.

D. Synthesis of Boc-fR.Rl-CvcrTsl-Glv-OH 5 To a stirred solution of impure Boc-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)- Gly-OHe prepared as in Example 1C (217 g, 0.492 mole) in MeOH (1.05 1) was slowly added a 2.5N solution of aqueous NaOH (295 ml, 0.737 mole) and the resulting solution was stirred for 2 h. The solvent was removed 10 in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in H20 (1.5 1). The solution was filtered to remove a small amount of solid andwas washed with ether (7x11) to remove the impurity (compound IB) which upon drying of the combined washes over MgS04 and removal of the solvent in vacuo 15 resulted in recovery of 8.37 g. The pH of the aqueous solution was then adjusted to 2 with 1 N HCI and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 1 1). The extracts were combined, washed with saturated NaCl (500 ml) and dried over MgS04. The solvent was removed 20 in vacuo and the residual ethyl acetate removed by coevaporation with ether (500 ml) and then CH2C12 (500 ml) to give 205 g (97.6 % yield) of the product as a white foam : % NMR (CDC13) S 1.15 - 1.22 (m, 4 H), 1.48 (S, 9 H), 1.55 - 1.68 (m, 3 H), 2.12 - 2.15 (m, 1 H), 25 2.43 (S, 3 B), 3.41 - 3.49 (m, 2 H), 3.97 (ABq, J - 17.9 HZ, A V - 69.6 HZ, 2 H), 4.79 (br S, 1 H), 7.31 (d, J « 8.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.77 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 8.81 (br s, 1 H); -MS (LRFAB, NBA - Li) m/Z 433 [M + Li]+. £li synthesis pf n-(p-tgmenegmfpnyl)-fs.s)-lf2- diaminocvclohexane To a stirred solution of (S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (300 g, 2.63 mole) in CH2C12 (5.00 1) at -10 C was added a solution of p- 1 toluenesulfonylchloride (209 g, 1.10 mole) in CH2C12 (5.00 1) dropwise over a 8 h period, maintaining the temp at -5 to -10 C. The mixture was allowed to warn to RT while stirring overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to a volume of 3 1 and the white solid was removed by filtration. The solution was then 5 washed with H20 (10 x 1 1) and was dried over MgS04. Renoval of the solvent in vacuo gave 289 g (98.3 % yield) of the product as a yellow crystalline solid: *H NHR (C0C13) S 0.98 - 1.27 (m, 4 H) , 1.55 - 1.66 (m, 2 H), 1.81 - 1.94 (m, 2 H), 2.32 (dt, J - 4.0, 10.9 Hz, 1 10 H), 2.42 (s, 3 H), 2.61 (dt, J - 4.0, 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.30 (d, J - 7.9 HZ, 2 H), 7.77 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H) ; MS (LRFAB,GT - HCI) m/z 269 [M + H] + .

Z, Synthesis of N-fp-toluenasulfonvD-N -fr ?)-fS.S)- 1.2-diaminocvclohexane To a stirred solution of N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-(S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane prepared as in Example IE (289 g, 1.08 mole) in THF (1.29 1) was added a 1 N 20 solution of aqueous NaOH (1.29 1, 1.29 mole). Di-t- butyldicarbonate ( 258 g, 1.18 mole) was then added and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The solid was removed by filtration and washed with THF. The THF layer was separated and the aqueous layer was adjusted 25 to pH 2 with i N HCI and saturated with NaCl. The aqueous solution was then extracted with CH2C12 (2 x 500 ml) and the extracts and THF layer were combined, washed with saturated NaCl (500 ml) and dried over MgS04. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give a yellow slurry. 30 Crystallization with the addition of ether gave 364 g (91.9 % yield) of the product as colorless needles: mp 137 - 139* c; NMR (CDCI3) 6 i*06 ~ 1-31 (®# 4 H) / (s, 9 H), 1.60 - 1.69 (m, 2 H), 1.95 - 1.99 (m, 2 H), 2.42 (S, 3 H), 2.86 (br s, I H), 3.30 (br d, J - 2.6 Hz, 35 1 H), 4.41 (br d, J - 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.54 (br d, J « 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.28 (d, J - 8.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.73 (d, J » 8.3 HZ, 2 H); MS (LRFAB, NBA - HCI) m/Z 369 [M + H]+. c. synthesis of Boc-fS.Sl-CvcfTBl-alv-OMe 5 To a stirred solution of N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-N*- (Boc)-(S,S)-l,2-diaminocyclohexane prepared as in Example IF (364 g, 0.989 mole) in anhydrous DMF (3.66 1) at 0 C was added NaH (47.4 g - 60 * in oil, 1.19 mole) in portions and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 1.5 h. The mixture was wanned to room temp and stirred an additional 30 min and then cooled back to 0 C.

Methyl bromoacetate (189 g, 1.24 mole) was added dropwise over 30 min and the mixture was allowed to warm to RT while stirring overnight. After stirring for 17 15 h, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in a mixture of ethyl acetate (3 1). and H20 (1 1). The layers were separated and the ethyl acetate solution was washed with saturated NaHC03 (1 1), H20 (1 1), saturated NaCl (2 x 500 ml) and was dried over 20 MgSOj. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the resulting oil was dissolved in ether. Crystallization by the addition of hexanes gave 290 g of the crude product as yellow needles. Another 180 g was recovered from the filtrate as an oil. TLC (98:2 CHC13-25 MeOH/silica gel/UV detn) showed that both the solid and the oil contained starting material. 1H NMR (CDC13) 6 1.06 - 1.29 (m, 4 H) , 1.44 (s, 9 H), 1.58 - 1.66 (m, 3 H), 2.17 - 2.19 (m, 1 H), 2.43 (s, 3 H), 3.28 - 3.43 (m, 2 H), 3.68 (S, 3 H), 4.25 (ABq, J - 18.5 Hz, A U « 115 30 HZ, 2H) , 4.76 (br S 1 H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H) , 7.83 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H); MS (LRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z 447 [M + H]+. iL Synthesis of boc- (s. si -cvc ttsi -giv-qh To a stirred solution of impure Boc-(S,S)-Cyc(Ts)- Gly-OMe prepared as in Example 16 (197 g, 0.447 mole) in MeOH (925 ml) was slowly added a 2.5N solution of aqueous NaOH (268 ml, 0.670 mole) and the resulting solution was stirred for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in H20 (11). 5 The solution was washed with ether (4 x 1 1) to remove the impurity (compound IF) which upon drying of the combined washes over MgS04 and removal of the solvent in vacuo resulted in recovery of 14.8 g. The pH of the aqueous solution was then adjusted to 2 with 1 N HCI and 10 the product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 1 1). The extracts were combined, washed with saturated NaCl and dried over MgS04. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 171 g '89.7 % yield) of the product as an oil which crystallized on standing: *H NMR (CDCl3) 6 1.10 -15 1.22 (m, 4 H), 1.45 (s, 9 H), 1.55 - 1.68 (m, 3 H), 2.13 - 2.16 (m, 1 H), 2.43 (s, 3 H), 3.39 - 3.41(m, 2 H), 4.00 (ABq, J - 18.1 Hz, A W - 80.4 Hz, 2 H), 4.82 (br s, 1 H), 7.31 (d, J « 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 7.75 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 9.28 (br s, 1 H); MS (LRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z 433 [M + 20 Li]+.

It Synthesis of Boc-(s.si-cvcrts>-Giv-Giv-oEt To a stirred solution of Boc-(S,S)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-OH prepared as in Example 1H (26.7 g, 62.5 mmole) in 25 degassed anhydrous DMF (690 ml) was added HOBT (10.1 g, 75.0 mmole) and EDC-HC1 (14.4 g, 75.0 mmole). After the resulting solution was stirred for 30 min, glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride (9.60 g, 68.8 mmole) was added and the pH adjusted to 8 with TEA. After stirring for 2.75 30 days the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of ethyl acetate (1 1) and H20 (1 I) and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (1 1) and the extracts were 1 combine. The ethyl acetate solution was washed with 0.1 35 N HCI (1 1), saturated NaHC03 (11), saturated NaCl (500 ml) and was dried over MgS04. The solvent was removed 70- in vacuo to give 30.2 g (94.4 % yield) of the product as a white foam: % NMR (CDCl3) S 1.19 - 1.23 (m, 3 H), 1.28 (t, J -7.05 Hz, 3 H), 1.42 (s, 11 H), 1.63 - 1.71 (m, 2 H) , 2.16 - 2.18 (m, 1 H), 2.43 (s, 3 H), 3.50 - 3.57 (m, 5 2 H) , 3.83 (ABq, J - 17.7 Hz, delta v - 35.7 Hz, 2 H), 4.01 (dABg, J « 6.05, 17.92 Hz, A V - 28.9 Hz, 2 H) f 4.20 (q, J - 7.3 HZ, 2 H), 4.88 (br S, 1 H), 7.31 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 7.36 (br S, 1 H) , 7.73 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H) ; MS (LRFAB, MBA - HCI) m/z 512 [M + H)+.

J. Synthesis of tS.Sl-CvcfTsl-Glv-Glv-OEt TFA salt To a stirred solution of Boc-(S,S)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt prepared as in Example II (30.1 g, 58.8 mmole) in CH2C12 (265 ml) was added TFA (63 ml) and the resulting 15 solution was stirred for 30 minutes. The solvent was removed in vacuo and residual TFA was coevaporated with CH2C12 (2x11) and ether (l 1). The oil was then triturated with ether (2 x 1 1) and the ether decanted. The resulting foam was dried in vacuo to give 33.7 g 20 (assumed quantitative yield) of the product as a tan powder: *H NMR (CDC13) € 0.96 - 1.23 (m, 4 H), 1.25 (t, J » 7.3 Hz, 3 H), 1.51 - 1.66 (m, 3 H) , 2.12 - 2.26 (m, 1 H) , 2.41 (s, 3 H), 2.98 - 3.10 (brs, 1 H), 3.67 - 3.71 (m, 1 H), 4.04 (ABq, J - 17.7 Hz, A W - 154 Hz, 2 H) , 25 4.04 (d, J - 4.4 HZ, 2 H) , 4.17 (q, J « 7.3 Hz, 2 H) , 7.29 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H) , 7.70 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 2 H) , 8.04 (br s, 1 H), 8.14 (br s, 3 H) MS (LRFAB, NBA - HCI) m/z 412 [M + H]+.

K- synthesis* <?t Boc-fR.ri-cvctts)-giv-(s.s)-evefTsi- Sly-gly-PEt To a stirred solution of Boc-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-0H prepared as in Example ID (25.1 g, 58.8 mmole) in degassed anhydrous DMF (650 ml) was added HOBT (9.54 g, 35 70.6 mmole) and EDC-HC1 (13.5 g, 70.6 mmole). After the resulting solution was stirred for 30 min (S,S)-Cyc(Ts) - Gly-Gly-OEt TFA salt prepared as in Example 1J (33.6 9, 58.8 mmole) was added and the pH was adjusted to 8 with TEA. After stirring for 2.75 days, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in a 5 mixture of ethyl acetate (1 1) and H20 (1 1) and the layers were separated. The ethyl acetate solution was washed with 0.1 N HCI (2 X 1 1), saturated NaHC03 (2x1 1), saturated NaCl (500 ml) and was dried over MgS04. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 47.5 g (98.4 % 10 yield) of the product as a tan foam: *H NMR (CDC13) S 1.12 - 1.83 (m, 26 H), 2.21 - 2.24 (m, 2 H), 2.42 (s, 3 H), 2.43 (s, 3 H), 3.36 - 3.51 (br S, 2 H), 3.68 -3.96 (m, 6 H) , 4.00 (d, J =» 5.4 Hz, 2 H), 4.19 (q, J - 7.1 Hz, 2 H) , 4.72 (br s, 1 H), 6.78 (br s, 1 H) , 7.31 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 4 H), 7.46 (br s, 1 H) , 7.79 (m, 4 H) ? MS (LRFAB, NBA - HCI) m/z 820 [M + H]\ It* Synthesis Qt Boc- (r.ri -eve ttsi -giv-(s. s\ -eve rtbi - Glv-Glv-OH To a stirred solution of Boc-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly- (S,S)-cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt prepared as in Example IK (47.4 g, 57.8 mmole) in MeOH (240 ml) was added a 2.5 N solution of aqueous NaOH (34.7 ml, 86.7 mmole) and the resulting solution was stirred for 2 h. The solvent was 25 removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in H20 (1 I). The aqueous solution was washed with ether (2x1 1) and the pH was adjusted to 2 with 1 N HCI. The solution was then saturated with NaCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (3.x 1 1). The combined extracts were dried over MgS04 and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residual ethyl acetate was removed by coevaporation with CH2C12 and the resulting foam was dried in vacuo to give 45.7 g .(99.7 % yield) of the product as a tain powder: lH NMR (CDC1,) S 1.16 - 1.75 (m, 23 H) , 2.13 -35 2.17 (m, 2 H), 2.41 (s, 3 H), 2.42 (s, 3 H), 3.49 - 4.16 (m, 10 H), 4.53 (br s, 1 H), 7.01 (br s, 1 H), 7.30 (d, J - 8.1 HZ, 4 H), 7.40 (br S, 1 H), 7.79 (d, J - 8.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.86 (d, J - 7.7 Hz, 2 H), 10.40 (br 8, 1 H); MS (LRFAB, NBA - HCI) m/Z 792 [M + H]\ M. Synthesis of f R. R) -Cvc (Ts 1 -Civ-1S. SI -CvcfTs 1 -Glv- Glv-OH TFA salt To a stiired solution of Boc-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-(S,S)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OH prepared as in Example 1L (45.5 g, 57.5 mmole) in CH2C12 (260 ml) was added TFA (60 ml). 10 The resulting solution was stirred for 30 min and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Residual TFA was removed by coevaporation with CHaCl2 (3 x 1 1) and trituration of the resulting foam with ether (1 1, 2 x 750 ml), decanting the ether each time. After dessication in 15 vacuo, 47.4 g (100 % yield) of the product was was obtained as em off white powder: 'H NMR (CDC1,) S 1.05 -1.31 (m, 9 H), 1.48 - 1.63 (m, 5H), 2.11 - 2.21 (m, 2 H), 2.40 (8, 3 H), 2.42 (s, 3 H), 3.25 (br s, 1 H), 3.60 - 3.80 (m, 3 H), 3.83 - 4.19 (m, 6 H), 6.94 (br 8, 1 H), 20 7.31 (m, 4 H), 7.69 (m, 4 H) , 7.83 (br S, 3 H), 13.17 (br s, 2 H) ; MS (LRFAB, DTT - DTE) m/z 692 [M + H]4. iL Synthesis of Cvclo-r f».»l-CvcfTsl-Glv-fS.S)-CvcrTsl- glv-glv-1 To a stirred solution of (R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-(S,S)- Cyc(Ts) -Gly-Gly-OH TFA salt prepared as in Example 1M (32.2 g, 40.0 mmole) in degassed anhydrous DMF (10.0 1) at -78 C was added DPPA (13 4 g, 48.8 mmole). The pH of the solution was then adjusted to 8 with TEA and the 30 solution was allowed to stand for 6 h at -78 C. The pH was readjusted to 8 with TEA and the solution was warmed to -45 C for 24 h. After readjusting the pH as before, the. solution was allowed to warm to -40 C for 24 h. The pH was adjusted as before and the solution was 35 allowed to stand at -20 C for 24 h. The pH was readjusted as before and the solution was allowed to 95/28968 warn to 2 C over 24 h. The pH had dropped only slightly. The pH was readjusted as before and the solution was allowed to stand at 2 C for another 24 h after which tine the pH had not changed. The solution 5 was divided equally anong 6-41 beakers and H20 (l.i 1) was addedto each. Then added a total of 5.00 kg mixed-bed ion exchange resin to the solution (divided equally anong the 6 beakers) and stirred the nixtures for 6 h. The resin was then filtered and washed with DMF. The 10 solvent was then renoved in vacuo and the solid residue was dissolved in MeOH (100 ml) and filtered to remove finely divided solids. The solution was then concentrated in vacuo to a volume of 25 ml and ether was added periodically as the crystallization proceeded to 15 give 22.2 g (82.5 % yield) of the product as colorless needles; mp 190 - 200* C; 'H NMR (CDC1,) S 0.87 - 2.13 (m, 16 H), 2.41 (S, 3 H), 2.45 (S, 3 H), 3.56 - 3.97 (m, 10 H), 6.66 (br s, 1 H), 7.18 (br s, 1 H) , 7.34 (d, J * 8.1 HZ, 4 H), 7.65 (br s, 1 H), 7.71 (d, J - 7.3 Hz, 2 20 H) , 7.89 (d, J - 7.3 Hz, 2 H); MS (LRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z 680 [M + Li]4.

SLx Synthesis of 2.3-fR.R)-8.9-rs.S>-Bis-cvclohexano- 1.4.7.3.0. l3-pgntaazflgyclppentflflet?ane 25 To a stirred solution of Cyclo-[ (R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly- (S,S)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly] prepared as in Example IN (19.4 g, 28.8 mmole) in anhydrous THF (475 ml) was added a solution'of l.o M LiAlH4 in THF (345 ml, 345 mmole) dropwise over 30 min. The yellow homogeneous solution 30 was refluxed for 20 h (by which time it had become heterogeneous) and was then cooled to 0 C. The mixture was then quenched by the dropwise addition of a 10 % NaS04 solution (50 ml) while cooling in an ice bath. The solids were removed by filtration under an Ar blanket 35 and the THF was removed in vacuo to give an oil which rapidly crystallized. The solids were then refluxed with anhydrous THF (1 1) for 1 h and the mixture was filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo as before. The solids were then refluxed with a mixture of THF (1 1) and HeOH (500 ml) for 1 h and worked up as before. 5 The residues from the extractions were then dissolved in anhydrous THF, combined and solids were removed by filtration. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the yellow foam dried by azeotroping H20 with toluene (1.75 1) in vacuo at 90 C. Then refluxed the solids with 10 hexanes (11) lor 30 min and transferred the hot solution to a tared flask and removed the solvent in vacuo to give 6.1 g of an oil which crystallized on standing. The remaining solids were refluxed with hexanes as before and obtained 1.4 g of an oil which 15 crystallized on standing. The solids were then dissolved in MeOH and toluene (1 1) was added. The solvent was removed in vacuo and any remaining H20 was removed by azeotroping with toluene (1 1) and then hexanes (3 x 1 1). The resulting fine powder was 20 refluxed with hexanes (l 1) for 2 h under argon and filtered into a tared flask. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 1.7 g oil which crystallized on standing. The crystalline residues from the 3 extracts were dissolved in hexanes and combined. A small amount of 25 haziness was removed by filtration and the solution was concentrated to give 5.3 g (57 % yield) of product as a pale yellow crystalline solid. Recrystallization from acetonitrile gave 4.47 g (48.0 % yield) of a colorless crystalline solid: mp 107 - 8 C; lH NMR (CDClj) 6 0.95 -30 1.01 (m, 4 H), 1.19 - 1.24 (m, 4 H) , 1.70 - 1.73 (m, 4 H), 1.97 (br s, 5 H), 2.08 - 2.14 (m, 8 H), 2.49 - 2.68 (m, 6 H), 2.74 - 2.80 (m, 2 H), 2.85 - 2.90 (m, 2 H), 2.94 - 2.99 (m, 2 H); MS (LRFAB, NBA) m/z 324 [M + H]*; Anal, calcd. for CitH37N5: C, 66.83; H, 11.53; N, 21.65. 35 Found: C, 66.80; H, 11.44; N, 21.71.

P. Synthesis of rManoanese(III dlchloro (2.3-fR.Rl-8.9-(S.si-Bis-cvclohexano-l.4.7.10.13-pentaazacyclopentadecane1 chloride To a stirred solution of anhydrous MnCl2 (1.67 9, 5 13.3 mmole) in hot methanol (120 ml) was added 2,3-(R, R) -8,9-(S,S)-bis-cyclohexano-l,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane prepared as in Exeunple 10 (4.30 g, 13.3 mmole) and the solution was refluxed and then stirred at room temp overnight. Crystallization from 10 ether gave 5.11 9 (85.6 % yield) of the product as an off-white crystalline solid: MS (LRFAB, NBA) m/z (relative intensity) 448 (2) [M]4, 413/415 (100,33) [M -CI]4; Anal, calcd. for CiiH37N5MnCl2: C, 48.11; H, 8.30; N, 15.59; CI, 15.78. Found: C, 48.18; H, 8.32; N, 15.56; 15 CI, 15.75.

Example 5 A. Synthesis of Boc-DSerfOBzll-OMe To Boc-DSer(OBzl)-OH (15.0 g, 50.8 mmol) win ACN (250 20 ml) was added Cs2C03 (33.0 g, 102 mmol) and methyl iodide (6.32 ml, 102 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h thereafter. At this time the reaction was filtered and concentrated. The residue was partitioned between water (250 ml) and ethyl acetate 25 (250 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to afford 15.0 g (95 % yield) of the desired methyl ester as a white solid: *H NMR (DMSO-dt) 6 1.40 (s, 9 H) , 3.64 (s, 3 H) , 3.58 - 3..73 (m, 2 H), 4.32 (bq, J - 6.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.49 (s, 2 H), 30 7.16 (bd, J - 6.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 - 7.38 (m, 5 H) ; MS (HRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z « 316.1768 [M + Li]4; 316.1736 calcd for C,4H2j05NLi.

B. Synthesis of DSer(OBzl1—OMe»TFA WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 Boc-DSer(OBzl)-OMe (15.0 g, 48.6 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (125 ml) and treated with TFA (32 ml) . The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min and concentrated. The oil was triturated with ether 5 (400 ml) to remove residual TFA to afford 15.9 g (>100 %yield, contains a small amount of residual TFA) of the desired TFA salt as a colorless oil: *H NMR (DMSO-dc) 6 3.72 (S, 3 H), 3.73 - 3.83 (m, 2 H), 4.36 (bt, J - 3.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.50 (ABq, J - 12 Hz, AV - 24 Hz , 2 H), 7.27 -10 7.37 (m, 5 H), 8.72 (bs, 3 H) ; MS (HRFAB, NBA - HCI) 210.1159 [M + H]4; 210.1130 calcd for CuHuNO,.

C. Synthesis of Boc-»SerfOBzl)-DSer(OBzll-OMe Boc-Ser(OBzl)-OH (14.5 g, 49.2 mmol) was dissolved in 15 DMF (550 ml) and treated with H0BT«H20 ( 9 . 03 g, 59.0 mmol) followed by EDC«HC1 (11.3 g, 59.0 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred for 20 min at RT and treated with DSer(OBzl)~OMe*TFA (15.9 g, 49.2 mmol) and TEA (8.22 ml, 59 mmol) and this solution was allowed to 20 stir for 12 h thereafter. The DMF was evaporated and the residue was taken up into ethyl acetate (300 ml). The ethyl acetate solution was washed with 1 N sodium bisulfate (100 ml), water (100 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate (100 ml), brine (100 ml) and dried (MgS04). 25 Filtration and concentration afforded 20.8 g (87 % yield) of the desired dipeptide as a white solid: *H NMR (DMSO-dJ S 1.37 (s, 9H), 3.57 - 3.75 (m, 4 H) , 3.62 (S, 3 H), 4.35 - 4.50 (m, 1 H), 4.46 (s, 3 H), 4.57 -4.63 (m, 1 H), 6.88 (d, J - 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.20 - 7.34 30 (m, 10 H), 8.34 (d, J - 8.1 Hz, 1 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA -Li) m/z - 493.2559 [M + Li]4; 493.2526 calcd for C26HMN207Li.

D. Synthesis of SerfOBzll—DSerfOBzlWOMe.TFA Boc-Ser(OBzl)-D-Ser(OBzl)-OMe (20.4 g, 42.0 mmol) was dissolved int methylene chloride (170 ml) and TFA (43 ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min and concentrated. The residue was triturated 5 with ether (400 ml) to remove excess TFA to afford 22.7 g (>100 %/ contains excess TFA) of the desired TFA salt: *H NMR (DMSO-dj) 6 3.59 - 3.64 (m, 1 H), 3.67 (S, 3 H) , 3.70 - 3.85 (m, 3 H), 4.23 (bs, 1 H), 4.40 - 4.58 (m, 4 H), 4.60 - 4.70 (m, 1 H), 7.20 - 7.39 (m, 10 H), 8.41 10 (bs, 3 H), 9.09 (d, J - 7.81 Hzr 1 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA -HCI) m/z « 387.1927 [M + H]\* 387.1920 calcd for c21h27n2o3.

E. Synthesis of Boc-DSer f OBzl) -Serf OBzl) -DSerf OBzl) -OMe 15 To a solution of Boc-DSer (OBzl)-OH in DMF (480 ml) was added H0BT*H20 (7.96 g, 52.0 mmol) followed by £DC*HC1 (9.97 g, 52.0 mmol) and the resulting solution was stirred for 20 min at RT. To this solution was added Ser(OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)-OMe*TFA (21.7 g, 43.3 mmol) and TEA 20 (7.25 ml, 52.0 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 16 h thereafter. The DMF was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between water (100 ml) and ethyl acetate (300 ml). The ethyl acetate solution was washed with 1 N sodium bisulfate (150 ml), water (150 25 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate (150 ml) and brine (150 ml), dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated to afford 26.6 g (93 % yield) of the desired tripeptide as a white foam: *H NMR (DMSO-d«) 6 1.39 (s, 9 H), 3.56 -3.74 (complex rn, 6 H), 3.64 (s, 3 H), 4.35 - 4.43 (m, 1 30 H), 4.43 -4.50 (m, 6 H), 4.63 (m, 1 H), 4.73 (m, 1 H), 6.94 (d, J « 7.8 HZ, 1 H), 7.24 - 7.36 (m, 15 H), 8.13 (d, J - 8.2 HZ, 1 H), 8.51 (d, J - 7.8 Hz, 1 H) ; MS (HRFAB, NBA r Li) m/z - 670.3326 [M + Li]4; 670.3316 calcd for C3«H4SN309Li.

F. synthesis of DSer f OBzl)-Serf OBz 11-DSer roBzll-OMe »TFA gait To a solution of Boc-DSer (OBzl)-Ser (OBzl)-DSer (OBzl)-OMe (26.4 g, 39.7 mmol) in methylene chloride (220 ml) was 5 added TFA (55 ml) and the resulting solution was stirred at RT for 30 min and concentrated. The residue was triturated with ether (300 ml) and the ether triturate was decanted and dicarded affording 26.2 g (97 % yield) of the TFA salt as an orange oil after vacuum drying; 10 *H NMR (DMSO-dJ S 3.55 - 3.3.83 (complex m, 6 H), 3.65 (s, 3 H), 4.21 (bs, 1 H), 4.40 - 4.58 (m, 6 H) , 4.60 -4.67 (m, 1 H), 4.85 -4.94 (m, 1 H), 7.20 - 7.40 (m, 15 H), 8.37 (bs, 3 H), 8.78 (d, J - 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.84 (d, J - 8.3 HZ, 1 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z - 570.2790 15 [M + Li]+; 570.2792 calcd for Cj,H,?Nj07Li. synthesis of Boc-SerfOBzl)-DSer(OBzl)-Ser(OBzl)-D- Ser(OBzl)-OMe To a solution of Boc-Ser(OBzl)-OH (11.2 g, 38.0 mmol) 20 was added H0BT*H20 (6.99 g, 45.6 mmol) and EDC*HC1 (8.74 g, 45.6 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min. At this time DSer(OBzl) -Ser(OBzl) -DSer(OBzl)-OMe (25.8 g, 38.0 mmol) was added followed by TEA (6.36 ml, 45.6 mmol). The resulting solution was 25 allowed to stir for 16 h thereafter. The DMF was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between water (200 ml) and ethyl acetate (400 ml). The ethyl acetate solution was washed with 1 N sodium bisulfate (200 ml), water (200 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 ml), 30 and brine (200 ml), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to afford 30.2 g (95 % yield) of the desired tetrapeptide as a white foam; 'H NMR (DMSO-d«) 6 1.38 (s, 9 H), 3.53 - 3.76 (conplex m, 8 H), 3.64 (s, 3 H) , 4.34 - 4.42 (m, 1 H), 4.40 - 4.51 (m, 8 H) , 4.58 -35 4.66 (m, 1 H), 4.67 - / .77 (m, 1 H), 4.74 - 4.82 (apparent q, J ■ 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.89 (d, J « 8.2 Hz, 1 PCMJS95/03763 H), 7.22 - 7.38 (m, 20 H), 8.14 (d, J - 7.6 Hz, 1 H) , 8.34 (d, J - 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.55 (d, J - 7.8 Hz, 1 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z - 847.4095 [M + Li]4; 847.4106 calcd for C^Hs^N^OjjLi.

H. Synthesis of SerfOBzl)-DSer(0B2l)-Ser(OBzl) - PSerfC3zl)-0Me«TTA Boc-Ser(OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)-Ser(OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)-OMe (30.2 g, 35.9 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (250 10 ml) and treated with TFA (63 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT and concentrated. Trituration with ether afforded 30.0 g (98 % yield) of the desired TFA salt as the oily residue; 'H NMR (DMSO-d<) 6 3.50 - 3.85 (complex m, 8 H), 3.65 (s, 3 H), 4.21 15 (bs, 1 H), 4.40 - 4.55 (m, 8 H), 4.58 - 4.66 (a, 1 H), 4.80 - 4.95 (n, 2 H), 7.20 - 7.40 (m, 20 H), 8.35 (bs, 3 H), 8.54 (d, J - 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.69 (d, J « 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.86 (d, J - 8.2 HZ, 1 H) ; MS (HRFAB, NBA - Li) m/z - 747.3590 [M + Li]4; 747.3581 calcd for C41H4lN40,Li. la synthesis of Boc-Ser (OBzl) -Ser (OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)- SerfQBzl) -PSerfPBzl) -<?Me To a solution of Boc-Ser (OBzl)-OH (10.1 g, 34.2 mmol) in DMF (380 ml) was added H0BT*H20 (6.28 g, 41.0 mmol) 25 followed by EDC«HC1 (7.86 g, 41.0 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 min at ?T. Ser (OBzl)-DSer (OBzl) -Ser (OBzl) -DSer (OBzl) -OMe* TFA (29.2 g, 34.2 mmol) was added folldwed by the addition of TEA (5.71 ml, 41.0 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to 30 stir for 1? thereafter. The DMF was evaporated and the residue «ras partitioned between water (200 ml) and ethyl acetate (400 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with 1 N sodium bisulfate (200 ml), water (200 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 ml) and brine 35 (200 ml), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to afford 33.7 9 (97 % yield) of the desired pentapeptide as a white powder; *H NHR (DMS0-d() S 1.39 (s, 9 H), 3.55 - 3.77 (complex a, 10 H), 3.64 (s, 3 H), 4.32 -4.42 (m, 1 H), 4.40 - 4.54 (m, 10 H), 4.60 - 4.68 (a, 1 5 H)/ 4.49 - 4.84 (m, 3 H), 7.00 (d, J - 7.7 Ha, 1 H), 7.20 - 7.40 (B, 25 H), 8.11 (d, J - 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.30 (d, J - 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.35 (d, J - 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.58 (d, J ■ 7.8 HZ, 1 H); MS (LRFAB, NBA - Li) a/Z - 1024 [M + Li]4. 2.x Synthesis SerfOBzl)-SerfOBzl) -DSer(OBzl)-Ser(OBzl)- DSer(OBzl)*HCl Boc-Ser(OBzl)-Ser(OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)-Ser(OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)-OMe (31.7 9, 31.1 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid 15 (760 ml) and treated with concentrated HCI (190 al). The resulting solution was stirred at RT for. 12 h thereafter. Concentration afforded 29.3 g (100 %) of the desired deprotected peptide salt as a white foaa; *H NMR (DMSO-df) 6 3.55 - 3.90 (complex m, 10 H), 4.20 (m, 20 1 H), 4.38 - 4.61 (m, 11 H), 4.73 - 4.85 (a, 3 H), 7.20 -7.40 (a, 25 H), 8.34 - 8.42 (a, 2 H), 8.49 (a, 4 H) , 8.95 (d, J - 7.7 HZ, 1 H); (LRFAB, NBA - HCI] a/z - 905 [M + H]4.

JL, Synthesis of Cvclo-rSer(OBzl)-Ser(OB2l)-DSer(OBzl)- Ser(OBzl)-DSer(OBzll-l A solution of Ser (OBzl)-Ser (OBzl)-DSer (OBzl)-Ser (OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)*HC1 (29.4 g, 31.3 mmol) in anhydrous degassed DMF (4000 al) was cooled to -40 C and treated with DPPA 30 (8.22 ml, 38.1 mmol) followed by TEA (4.53 ml, 32.5 mmol). The reaction was storeu at -20 C for 48 h and at 0 C for 48 h thereafter. During this time the " pH* was maintained at -8 by periodic addition of TEA (measured by spotting reaction mixture on aoistened 35 Hydrion paper). After this reaction period the reaction was diluted with water (1000 ml) and stirred with aixed wo 95/28968 PCMJS95/03763 bed ion-exchange resin (1600 g) for 6 h. The resin was removed by filtration and the filtrate vas concentrated to a volume of -200 al. The product was precipitated by the addition of water (500 al). The solid wac filtered 5 and washed with ether (250 al) to afford after vacuua desiccation 20.5 g (74 % yield) of the desired cyclic peptide as a white powder: 'H NMR (DMSO-d«, major contormar) 6 3.50 - 3.83 (complex a, 11 H), 4.32 - 4.82 (complex a, 14 H), 7.18 - 7.38 (a, 25 H), 7.56 (d, J-10 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.94 (d, J - 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.50 (d, J - 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.78 (a, 2 H) / ; (LRFAB, NBA - Li] a/z -893 [M + Li]4. lu Synthesis of (28. sr. 8s. he. usi- Penta (banzvloxvmathvl) -1.4. 7. 10. ia-pentaazacvclo-pantadacana.

To a solution of the cyclo-[Ser(OBzl)-Ser(OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)-Ser(OBzl)-DSer(OBzl)-] (7.00 g, 7.90 aaol) in THF (100 al) was added lithium aluminum hydride (100 al 20 of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 100 mmol) over 5 min at RT. The resulting solution was heated at reflux for 16 h thereafter. The mixture was cooled to —20 C and quenched (cautiously) with 5% sodium sulfate solution (30 ml). The resulting mixture was concetrated to a 25 white powder and this powder was thoroughly dried by coevaporation with toluene (3 x 50 ml). The residue was triturated with ether (2 x 100 ml) and the coabined triturates were concentrated to afford 6.1 g (95 % yield) of the desired ligand as a yellow oil; lH NMR 30 (CDClj) S 1.95 (bs, 5 H), 2.30 - 3.60 (coaplex a, 25 H), 4.20 - 4.40 (a, 10 H), 7.00 - 7.38 (a, 25 H); MS (HRFAB, NBA - Li) a/z « 822.5174 [M + Li]4; 822.5146 calcd for Cj(H|]NjOjLi.

M. Bvnfchttgla of rManoaneaafIIIdlchloro f2S. SR. BS. HP. 1AR\-nantathvdroxvmethvl1-1.4.7. 10.13-n«nt»agacvclopantad«cane.

To a solution fo manganese(II) chloride (221 mg, 1.76 5 mmol) in methanol (75 ml) was added (2S, 5R, BS, 11R, 14S)-penta(benzyloxymethyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane (1.43 g, 1.75 mmol) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and stirred at RT for 12 h thereafter. The methanol solution was 10 evaporated and the residual oil was redissolved in ethanol (10 ml) and water (1 ml) in a Parr bottle. This mixture was treated with 10 % Pd on carbon (1 g) and e hydrogenolyzed at 60 C and 65 psi for 16 h thereafter. Filtration, concentration and recyrstallization from 15 ethanol-ether afforded 212 mg (29 % yield) of the desired complex as a white solid; MS (HRFAB, NBA) m/z ■ 455.1718 [M - CI]4; 455.1707 calcd for ClsH,sNjMnCl. -83-Sxample t Relaxivity measurements of the complexes of the invention (Examples 2-5) and of a comparative complex i> (Example 1) were determined and the results are found in TauXe I. froton relaxation times (TJ of the sample in lOOmM Hepes buffer, pH«7.4, at 40*C were determined from a monoexponential curve fit obtained from inversion-10 recovery pulse sequences (180°-r-90°) with a Bruker PC 120/125/10 VTs NMR process analyzer. The spectrometer was calibrated for each sample to assure accurate duration of 90* and 180° radio frequency pulses and appropriate magnetic field strength to match the 20 MHz 15 system operating frequency. The relaxivity (Rt) was obtained from the slope of a plot of 1/Tt versus the concentration of paramagnetic compound.

The relaxation time (Ta) of each sample in 100 mM Hepes buffer, pH-7.4, was measured at 40*C using a Carr-20 Puree1-Me iboom-G i11 pulse sequence on the same Bruker instrument. The relaxivity (R2) was obtained from a plot of 1/T2 versus the concentration of the paramagnetic compound.

Table X Sample Relaxivity, Bi mM^sec"1 & Example 1 (Comparative) 1.82 2.37 Example 2 2.09 2.49 Example 3 2.76 3.86 Example 4 2.10 2.61 Exeunple 5 3.48 .93 i The results found in Table I demonstrate that the complexes of the invention (Examples 2-5) have improved relaxivities compared to the comparative complex (Example 1).

Example 7 Kinetic stability measurements of the complexes of the invention (Examples 2-4) and of the comparative 10 complex (Example 1) were determined and the results are found in Table II.

The kinetic stability constant (kjUt) for each complex can be determined by observing the rate at which copper appears to replace manganese as the metal center 15 of the manganese macrocyclic complexes at different pH's.

A Beckman model DU-70 UV/VIS spectrometer was set up to scan the wavelengths from 700 to 200 nanometers. Concentrations of the complexes were kept low enough to 20 stay within the linear range of observable absorbents for the DU-70, which is below 2.00 absorbents units.

Since copper has an observable absorbency band within the experimental range of wavelengths and binding energies that are much higher than that of manganese, 25 the replacement of copper for manganese as the metal center is almost instantaneous. Therefore, copper is a good choice as a tracer of the decomposition of manganese from the macrocyclic ligand system.

Table iz Kinetic Stability, Example No. ki„ fy'ffw.1.

X (Comparative) 2814 2 1375 3 17.7 4 31.5 ND1 10 1 Not Determined The data in Table XI demonstrates that the complexes of the invention (Examples 2-4) are substantially more kinetically stable than the 15 comparative complex (Example 1).

Example 8 Oxidation potentials of the complexes of the 20 invention (Examples 2-4) and of the comparative complex (Example 1) were determined and the results are found in Table 1X1.

Cyclic voltammograms were run in methanol containing 0.18M tetrabutylammonium chloride under 25 nitrogen using a glassy carbon electrode with a platinum reference electrode and ferrocene internal standard.

Table XXX Oxidation Potential, 30 Example np» ev, (volts) 1 (Comparative) 0.70 2 0.75 3 0.85 4 0.74 35 5 ND1 1 Not Determined 86 The results in Table III demonstrates that the manganese(II) complexes of the invention (Examples 2-4) are more oxidatively stable than the comparative manganese(II) complex (Exeunple 1).

Example 9 The partition coefficient (log P) of the complexes of the invention (Examples 2-5) and of a comparative 10 complex of (Example 1) were determined and the results are found in Table IV.

The partition coefficient was determined by measuring the manganese contents in each of the buffer and octanol phases. About 5mg of sample was dissolved 15 in a 5mL octanol saturated buffer solution (10 mM Hepes/150mM NaCl, pH=7.4). The sample solution was mixed with 5mL of buffer saturated octanol and shaken overnight. The mixed solution was centrifuged to separate the two phages. 2mL of solution (in duplicate) 20 was taken from each, phase and digested with an acid mixture. The prepared solutions were then measured for manganese using 1CP-AES and/or I CP-MS. The log P value was calculated from the Mn(octanol) /Mn(buffer) ratio.

Table IV Partition Coefficient, Example No. 1 (Comparative) -2.9 2 -1.9 3 -1.1 4 -0.76 -3.2 \ The results in Table IV demonstrate that the log P, i.e. lipophilicity or biodistribution, of the complexes

Claims (1)

1. WO 95/28968 PCT/US95/03763 -87- of the invention (Examples 2-5) can be controlled by controlling the substitutents on the macrocycle.