NZ244655A - Soap bar containing lauric acid soaps, non-lauric acid soaps having iodine value less than 45 and synergistic mildness actives; process of manufacture - Google Patents
Soap bar containing lauric acid soaps, non-lauric acid soaps having iodine value less than 45 and synergistic mildness actives; process of manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- NZ244655A NZ244655A NZ244655A NZ24465592A NZ244655A NZ 244655 A NZ244655 A NZ 244655A NZ 244655 A NZ244655 A NZ 244655A NZ 24465592 A NZ24465592 A NZ 24465592A NZ 244655 A NZ244655 A NZ 244655A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- actives
- soaps
- soap
- lauric
- soap bar
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 title claims description 156
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 29
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150039027 ampH gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 21
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000019860 lauric fat Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkyl ether sulphates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019861 non-lauric fat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTDIEDOANJISNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecoxyethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOS(O)(=O)=O QTDIEDOANJISNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 244000021150 Orbignya martiana Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014643 Orbignya martiana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical class OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021003 saturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019774 Rice Bran oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010868 animal carcass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010480 babassu oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- MLKHWDKDNHEWFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl ethyl sulfate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCC MLKHWDKDNHEWFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019488 nut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010466 nut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068965 polysorbates Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/007—Soaps or soap mixtures with well defined chain length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
- C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
- C11D1/90—Betaines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919121772A GB9121772D0 (en) | 1991-10-14 | 1991-10-14 | Toilet soap bars |
| GB929214958A GB9214958D0 (en) | 1992-07-14 | 1992-07-14 | Toilet soap |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NZ244655A true NZ244655A (en) | 1994-12-22 |
Family
ID=26299691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ244655A NZ244655A (en) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-08 | Soap bar containing lauric acid soaps, non-lauric acid soaps having iodine value less than 45 and synergistic mildness actives; process of manufacture |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0537964B1 (cs) |
| JP (1) | JPH0826358B2 (cs) |
| AU (1) | AU665032B2 (cs) |
| BR (1) | BR9203964A (cs) |
| CA (1) | CA2080154C (cs) |
| DE (1) | DE69223904T2 (cs) |
| ES (1) | ES2110476T3 (cs) |
| IN (1) | IN176382B (cs) |
| MX (1) | MX9205863A (cs) |
| MY (1) | MY108400A (cs) |
| NZ (1) | NZ244655A (cs) |
| TW (1) | TW258665B (cs) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9309442D0 (en) * | 1993-05-07 | 1993-06-23 | Unilever Plc | Toilet soap bars |
| GB9310323D0 (en) * | 1993-05-19 | 1993-06-30 | Unilever Plc | Improvements relating to soap bars |
| GB9313859D0 (en) * | 1993-07-05 | 1993-08-18 | Unilever Plc | Improvements relating to soap bars |
| US5631215A (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1997-05-20 | Henkel Corporation | Process for making high moisture content soap bars |
| US6007831A (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 1999-12-28 | Lever Brothers Company | Soap bars having quick kill capacity and methods of enhancing such capacity |
| MY142902A (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2011-01-31 | Derichem M Sdn Bhd | Improved saturated soap |
| EP4256021B1 (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2024-06-12 | Unilever IP Holdings B.V. | Soap composition comprising hydrogel |
| EP4234535A1 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-30 | Basf Se | Macaúba oil for the production of oleochemicals |
| EP4234665A1 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-30 | Basf Se | Macaúba oil for the production of oleochemicals |
| EP4234663A1 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-30 | Basf Se | Macaúba oil for the production of oleochemicals |
| EP4234534A1 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-30 | Basf Se | Macaúba oil for the production of oleochemicals |
| AR128601A1 (es) * | 2022-02-25 | 2024-05-29 | Basf Se | Alquilamido betaínas anfóteras producidas a partir de aceite de palma macaúba |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB989007A (en) * | 1961-01-23 | 1965-04-14 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent bar |
| DE3320101A1 (de) * | 1983-06-03 | 1984-12-06 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Stiftseife |
| GB8505607D0 (en) * | 1985-03-05 | 1985-04-03 | Procter & Gamble Ltd | Detergent compositions |
| GB2243614B (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1993-05-12 | Procter & Gamble | Beta-phase soap bars made with soap derived from high titer and low iodine value fatty feedstock |
-
1992
- 1992-10-08 CA CA002080154A patent/CA2080154C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-08 NZ NZ244655A patent/NZ244655A/en unknown
- 1992-10-12 MY MYPI92001835A patent/MY108400A/en unknown
- 1992-10-12 EP EP92309271A patent/EP0537964B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-12 DE DE69223904T patent/DE69223904T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-12 ES ES92309271T patent/ES2110476T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-13 BR BR929203964A patent/BR9203964A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-13 MX MX9205863A patent/MX9205863A/es unknown
- 1992-10-14 AU AU27008/92A patent/AU665032B2/en not_active Expired
- 1992-10-14 JP JP4276308A patent/JPH0826358B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-14 IN IN322BO1992 patent/IN176382B/en unknown
- 1992-10-16 TW TW081108221A patent/TW258665B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX9205863A (es) | 1993-04-01 |
| JPH0826358B2 (ja) | 1996-03-13 |
| CA2080154C (en) | 1999-04-06 |
| MY108400A (en) | 1996-09-30 |
| CA2080154A1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
| TW258665B (cs) | 1995-10-01 |
| DE69223904D1 (de) | 1998-02-12 |
| DE69223904T2 (de) | 1998-04-30 |
| EP0537964B1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| ES2110476T3 (es) | 1998-02-16 |
| IN176382B (cs) | 1996-05-18 |
| AU665032B2 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| AU2700892A (en) | 1993-04-22 |
| JPH05214395A (ja) | 1993-08-24 |
| BR9203964A (pt) | 1993-04-27 |
| EP0537964A1 (en) | 1993-04-21 |
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