NZ237473A - Pressure impregnation of wood: liquid drawn through visual monitoring timbers external of tank - Google Patents

Description

—2.37 4 7 i Priority Date(s):.^.:S.:A>, v.kJ.5..

* C«tnp«0^ ru Pablr.av.on ice: :p" i-.t ~ Co {'A V'o .. o^'-Ci:;-w..v.- 3M.V-CU.vv. iu Stjs't-r*.bt-* -]3 85 13 N.Z. PATENTOFFICE initials : 9 VAR : 991 Patents Form No- 5 NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPREGNATING A LIQUID INTO WOOD AND FAR-INFRARED-RAY PANEL HEATING STRUCTURE I, NOBUO IKEDA, of 22-12, Aza Matsuzaki, Sotoasahikawa, Akita-shi, Akita, Japan, a citizen of Japan hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: (followed by Page la) 237473 This invention relates to a method and apparatus for impregnating wood with a treating liquid such as a resinous liquid.

This invention further relates to a far-infrared-ray panel heating structure, and more particularly to a far-infrared-ray heating structure using wood impregnated with a synthetic resin as panels.

Heretofore, various impregnation methods and apparatuses have been known. In these methods ana apparatuses, various treating liquids are impregnated into wood to impart the wood with flame retardant resistance, impart the wood with dimensional stability, improve the strength of the wood, improve the moth resistance or corrosion resistance of the wood, or color the wood to widen the application use of the wood, enhancing the value of the products. However, conventional apparatuses are not satisfactory in treating efficiency, working efficiency, economy, and improvement has been awaited. Furthermore, there has been no easy means to know how much treating liquid has been impregnated into the ivood. Thus, the treatment has only depended upon operator's skill.

On the other hand, recently, the utilisation of far infrared rays has been put in the lime light. Especially, various uses in heating systems have been proposed. A far infrared ray radiator often includes ceramics. For example, zirconium oxide ceramics such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide» titanium oxide. Of course, non-oxide ceramics may alternatively be used. Such a far infrared ray 237473 radiator is used for various kinds of far-infrared-ray heater including a stove. However, it is not used as a floor board which persons directly touch. As floor boards, plywood is usually used. Since floor boards of natural wood are liable to be deformed when dried, the floor boards of natural wood are not heated to provide direct floor heating.

However, if the conventional far-infrared-ray radiating material is used for a heating apparatus, or plywood is used for floor heating, a room furnished with such a heating apparatus will give an artificial impression and can never give theair of traditional room using natural wood. However, if plywood is used to cover the far infrared ray radiating material, the effect of far infrared rays is lowered. Improvement is needed in this respect, too.

It is a first object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for impregnating a liquid into wood which is capable of obtaining good liquid impregnation effect and yet reducing the number of steps for the impregnation or to at least provide the public with a useful choice. It is a second object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for impregnating a liquid into wood by -which one can visually observe the degree of liquid impregnation of the wood durinc continuous operation or to at least provide the public wvfV useful choice.

It is a third object of the present invention to provide a far-infrared-ray panel heating structure which utilizes the phenomenon that natural wood radiates far infrared rays upon heating ana wood impregnated with a synthetic resin radiates stronger far infrared rays or to at least provide the public with a useful choice.

A method for impregnating a liquid into wood according to the present invention provides a method for impregnating a liquid such as a resinous liquid into wood in a pressure tank whicr. may be evacuated or pressurised, which method comprises: 2 a) evacuating the inside of the pressure tank, which contains timber to be impregnated with liquid, through an evacuation line outside of the pressure tank and through a monitoring timber, visible through a monitoring window, located outside of said pressure tank, which is substantially identical with said timber, which is connected to said evacuation line; and b) injecting a liquid into the pressure tank under pressurized conditions, while continuing the evacuation of the inside of the tank through such evacuation line and said monitoring timber; the impregnation of the timber in the pressure tank with the liquid being continued until the liquid begins to be drawn out of the pressure tank through the evacuation line monitoring timber, which is visually observable in operation by dripping of liquid from said monitoring timber.

An apparatus for impregnating a liquid into wood comprises: a) a pressure tank accommodating timber to be subjected to the impregnation, which may be evacuated or pressurised; b) a plurality of monitoring units connected to a suction pipe of the pressure tank; c) each of said monitoring units holding a monitoring timber substantially identical in properties with the timber accommodated in the pressure tank; d) an evacuating means for evacuating the liquid and air in the pressure tank through the suction pipe and the monitoring timber; and e) a pressurising means for injecting the liquid into the pressure tank under pressurised conditions; wherein the impregnation state of the timber can be decerrr.inec by visually observing the monitoring timbers of the respective 2 3 7 4 7 3 First, the inside of the pressure tank containing the timbers therein is subjected to evacuation through the monitoring timbers. Then, the liquid such as a resinous liquid is injected into the pressure tank under pressurized conditions, while continuing the evacuation. The completion of the impregnation can be cetermincea by observing liquid flowing out of the pressure tank through the monitoring timbers .

Wood or timbers to which the present invention is applicable are not critical, but they may be, for example, a coniferous tree such as a Japanese cecer, a Japanese red pine, a black pine, a Japanese larch, a silver fir, a fir, a Japanese hemlock, an elm, a hinoki cypress, a sawara cypress, a Japanese spruce, a Japanese yew tree, a hiba arbor-vitae, etc.; or a broadleaf such as a birch, a Japanese beech, a zelkova tree, an oak, a maple tree, a Japanese linden, an elm, a halopanax, a quercus acutissima, a Japanese oak, a chinquapin, a cherry tree, a horse chestnut, a pauloicnia, a katsura tree, a lauan, a mahogany, an apitong, an agathis. a teak, an oak, a rosewood, an ebony, etc.

The shape of the timbers to be treated in the present invention is not critical and it may be a round timber, a or a rectangular timber so long as it may be charged container. The timbers to be treated may be procesveneer in the 4 sed wood such as- plywood, laminated materials, or particle boards or fiber boards.

As a treating liquid for imparting flame retardation, there may be mentioned, a liquid containing a flame retar-dant agent, for example, an inorganic water-soluble salt such as cLisnmoniun hydrogen phosphate or boric acid, or an acid such as a sulfamic acid, a halide, a compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen, a cuanidine ccrrcunc or a metal oxide such as antimony oxide.

As a treating liquid for imparting dimensional stability, there may be mentioned a solution or a dispersion of, for example, a polyether such as polyethylene glycol, polvp-ro?yler.e glycol; polyethylene glycol mono-(meta- )acrylate, a saturated polyester resin, poly-(meta-)acryiic ester or a copolymer thereof, urethane resin, polyvinyl alcohol, paraffin, vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide resin, polyirnino resin, aminoplast 'resin, fluoroplastics, silicon resin, vinyl copolymer resin, SBR or N3R.

As a treating liquid for reinforcement, there may be mentioned, for example, a solution or dispersion of a monomer such as styrene, (meta)acrylate, vinyl acetate, diallyl phthalate, divinylbenzene, (meta)acrylic acid, acrylonit-rile, vinylider.e chloride, unsaturated polyester resin ar.d styrene monomer, a reactive pclyurethane resin, phenolic resin, alkyd resin, urea resin, melarr.ine resin, vinyl ester, epoxy resin, etc.

As a treating liquid for imparting rot-resistance. there may be described a liquid containing ar. antifungal agent, for example, a copper compound, chromium compound, arsenic compound, boron compound, pentachlorophenol, metalic salt of naphthenate, organocin compound, chloror.aphthalenes, 3-quinolinol, captans, creosote oil, walman salt, zinc chloride cnromate. etc.

As a treating liquid for imparting moth resistance, G\ 237473 there may be mentioned a liquid containing a mothproofing agent, for example, walman salt, polyaen salt, organic phos-porus compounds, carbamates, organotin compounds, chlordane, heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin, thiodine, y-BHC (1, 2, 3-. 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane), DDT(1,1,l-trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane), methoxychloro (1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) ethane), toxaphene, kepone, sulfonamides, thiothene oil, or organic thiocyanates.

As a treating liquid for coloring the wood, there may be mentioned a solution or dispersion of, for example, a direct dye such as chrisophenine GX or direct brown M, an acid dye such as suminol fast orange ?0 or suminol fast brown R, a basic dye such as safranine, or auramine, an alcoholic dye, or an oil-soluble dye. These dyes may be used with a fixing agent and/or a surface active agent according to necessity.

As a medium for preparing these treating liquids, there may be mentioned, for example, water, alcohols, glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty hydrocarbons. aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, haliaes, acids, dioxane tetrahyd-rofursn, DMF, DMSO, etc.

The viscosity of the treating liquid according to the present invention is determined in relation with the properties of the wood to be treated, and, in general, it is preferred to be 1,000 cps or lower.

The evacuation treatment of the present invention is preferably carried out at an absolute pressure of 160 Torr or lower. At a pressure higher than that, a gas present in the wood to be treated can not be efficiently expelled.

The pressurizing treatment of the present invention is 2 preferably carried out at a pressure of 1 to 50 Kg/cm , more 2 preferably at 8 to 50Kg/cm . The higher the pressurization, the higher the effect of the impreganation to the wood is. However, some wood may possibly be deformed when subjected 6 n -r — to a high pressure.

As described above, the monitoring timber is provided to preferentially expel the air contained in the treating liquid and the inside of the timbers or on the surfaces of the timbers and to confirm the penetration of the treating liquid through the timbers. However, their mechanisms are not known. It, however, is presumed that conduit pipes of the monitoring timbers function as a filter for separating low-molecular materials such as air from high-molecular materials. The monitoring timber is preferably identical with the timbers to be treated, but it suffices to be similar to the timbers.

So-called bonding \cater of the waters contained in the timbers lower than a fiber saturation point enters a noncrystalline region of the wood and adheres cell walls to cause swelling. As a result of this, the strength of wood is lowered as the water content increases. The liquid impregnation treatment of the present invention using the above-mentioned resins etc. has better results as the water content of the wood is lowered. Therefore, it is advantageous that hydroxyl grouos cells of the timbers to be treated are substituted with hydrophobic <?rou?s prior to the liquid impregnation treatment.

This treatment is carried out by dipping the timbers to be treated in a treating liquid of a suitable concentration, for example, of 2% of formalin. Through this treatment, the hydroxyl groups of the bonding water contained in the timbers are liberated and hydrophobic groups are bonded in place of the hydroxyl groups. Thus, it becomes difficult to absorb water and rarely cause swelling. More particularly, when the above-identified liquid impregnation treatment using the resinous liquids is carried out after the treatment using formalin, the timbers can have improved dimensional stability, strength and water resistance. 7 237473 The trratment for subs I i t ul i r;jr :.<V- hycroxyi groups within the timbers to be treated with the hydrophobic groups is carried out by acetylation using acetic anhydride, pyridine, acetates or dimethyl formamide, propionylation using propinic acids etc., butylation using butyric acids etc., laurylation using lauric acid, benzyl esterification using sodium hydroxide, benzyl chloride etc., formalization using formaldehyde, plasticization using liquid ammonia or aqueous ammonia, carboxymethylation, arylation, or ethylation.

When formalin is used for the treatment as described above, hydroxyl groups of cellulose of the timbers react with formaldehyde to produce methylene ether. The cross-linkage of the methylene ether further enhances dimensional stability of the timbers. At the same time, the absorption of water is much lowered. The formalization is accelerated when magnesium chloride is added to the treating liquid to function as a catalyst.

The far-infrared-ray panel heating structure according to the present invention uses a panel made of wood impregnated with synthetic resins etc. according to the method and using the appratus as described above, which radiates far infrared rays when heated, and has a heating source behind the panel. The heating source is not limited to an electric one, but it may be of gas heating, hot-water heating.

Fig.l is a schematic view of one form of a resin impregnating apparatus; *"ig-2 is an enlarged sectional view of a container taken along line II - II of Fig.l; Fig-3 is an enlarged plan view of the container seen from an arrow III of Fig.l; Fig.4 is an enlarged sectional view of a nozzle block * V 8 3 OCT 19917 /' <i/S 237473 of a pressure reducing unit; Fig.5 is a r:-G7r'.^winr on ability of th^ nor.zl^ block r F i g . 'J ; Fig.6 is an enlarged sectional view of a monitoring unit; Fig.7 is a graph showing curves of a vacuum pump evacuation rate for obtaining the ability of rig.5» Fig.8 is a schematic sectional view of one form of a far-infrared-ray panel heating structure embodying the present invention; and Fig.9 is a graph showing the result of heating experiments conducted by using the embodiment of Fig.8.

The embodiment shown in figure 1 will now be described with reference to the drawings. It will be appreciated that relevant portions of this disclosure are equally relevant to the present invention, as hereinbefore defined, with the necessary moaifications or adaptions for the method and apparatus of the present invention, as will be clear to those skilled in the art.

Fig.l illustrates one form of apparatus for impregnating .liquid into wood, embodying aspects of the present invention. The liquid impregnating apparatus of this embodiment essentially consists of a pressure tank 3 which is capable of being pressurised or evacuated, a container 3 which accomodates wood to be treated and contains a treating liquid filled therein, pressure reducing units 4, 5 for reducing the interior pressure of the pressure tank 1, a pressurizing unit 6 for pressurizing the inside of the pressure tank 3 and supplying pressurized air to the pressure reducing units 5, ana a pair of monitoring units 7, 7.

The pressure tank 1 comprises a hollow cylindrical drum portion 8, a cap portion 9 which is openably fitted to an ,;^"t£<\^nd of the drum portion 8. The pressure tank 1 is fixed on // aTra,se through legs. A pressure reducing nozzle 10 and a pressurizing nozzle 11 are provided at upper portions of the \ -3 OCT 1991'. 237 4 tank 1- pressure reducing nozzle 10 is connected to the pressure reducing unit 4 and the pressurizing nozzle 11 is connected to the pressurizing unit 6. A suction pipe 12 is provided at a lower portion of the drum portion 8 of the tank 1. A pair of treating liquid pipes 13, 1*5 connected to the suction pipe 12 are connected to the pressure reducing unit 5 through the monitoring units 7, 7, respectively. The pressure tank 1 has a rail 15 for receiving the container 3 therein.

A rail 30 is provided in front of the cap portion 9 of the pressure tank 1. The container 3 is received in or taken out of the pressure tank 1 by a truck 31- The container 3 is rectangular pallalelopiped in shape as illustrated in Figs.2 and 3 and it opens at the top to load the KOOc3 2 therethrough. A mesh plate 17 for dispersing bubbles substantially covers the wood 2 to be treated, which is accommodated in the container 3- A plurality of air cylinders 19 are provided between the mesh plate 17 and a stop bar 18. The air cylinders 19 are extended when the treating liquid 20 is filled in the container 3 to prevent the wood 2 from rising to the surface. The mesh plate 17 has a number of fine openings (not shown) all over the surface to finely disperse bubbles coming out of the wood 2 which rise through the treating liquid 20.

The stop bar 18 is formed of a pair of thin steel plates. The lower steel plate has, at both side ends thereof, mounting portions 22 formed in a channel shape which are adapted to fit around edges 21 of the container 3, respectively. The upper steel plate has hook portions 23 which are adapted to hook the edges 21 of the container 3-respectivelv. Each of the hook portions 23 has a hinged portion to be folded centrally. Kith this arrangement, after the wood 2 to be treated is loaded, the mesh plate 17 and the 237473 air cylinders 19 are placed in the container 3. the hook portions 23 of the upper steel plate may be bent Inwardly and the mounting portions of the lower steel plate fitted around the respective corresponding edges and then the hook portions 23 are extended to hook the edges, respectively- Then, the stop bar 18 is firmly secured to the container 3 to complete a mechanism for preventing the wood from rising surface. Since the wood 2 to be treated, especially rectangular lumber, loaded closely in the container 3 in Fig.3, it is necessary to allow air extracted from the wood— to easily release upwardly. For example, small wood pieces may be inserted between the wood 2 to provide spaces. However, when the logs are charged, no rrteans are needed to release the air as can be seen from Fig.2.

An outlet pipe 24 with a valve which communicates the inside of the container 3 with the suction pipe 12 of the pressure tank 1 is provided at a lower portion of a sice of the container 3- When the container 3 is received in the pressure tank 1, the outlet pipe 24 is just above the suction pipe 12. In this position, the valve of the outlet pipe 2'A and an upper end of the suction pipe 12 are connected.

The pressure reducing unit 4 is a first vacuum suction means which evacuate the air inside the pressure tank 1 to discharge the air inside the tank 1 to reduce the interior pressure of the tank 1 and to draw air contained within the wood to be treated out of the same. The pressure reducing unit 5 is a second vacuum suction means which sucks the treating liquid 20 within the container 3 by a vacuum suction larger than the vacuum suction for the pressure tank 1 to draw bubbles present within the treating liquid 20 or adhering to the surface of the wood 2 to be treated and discharge the same out of the pressure tank 1.

Both the pressure reducing units 5 are provided to 11 23 7 4 evacuate the air within the pressure tank 1 and reduce the interior pressure of the tank 1. The pressure reducing units 4, 5 each have a plurality of nozzle blocks 25- Each nozzle block 25 has a throat 31 formed in a block body 26 and a nozzle 33 is fitted at a forward end opening 32 of the throat 31 as illustrated in Fig.The entire length of the nozzle block 25 is about The forward end opening 32 of the throat 31 has a sectoral shape so that the ratio of the diameter D of the outer end of the opening "to the diameter d of the nozzle slot 33a is D = l-5d- The nozzle slot starts at a position spaced t (about 0.5^) from the rear end of the nozzle 33- The throat 31 also has a sectoral opening at its rear end portion which communicates with a discharge opening 3^- A base end portion of the nozzle 33 is threadedly held in a cavity 35 of the block body 26. A suction opening 36 opening into cavity 35 communicates with a suction opening 37- The portion of the nozzle 33 ^as an outer contour consisting of a cylindrical portion which extends slightly (0.3^"i in length) from the base end and and a conical portion (2mm in length in an axial direction) expanding from the forward end of the cylindrical portion 38. In the nozzle block 25 of Fig.1!, the nozzle slot 33s communicates with an inlet 39 of compressed air. — The inlet 39 of compressed air is connected to outlet lines 61, 62 of the pressurizing unit 6 (for example acompressor) and the intake 37 is connected to the pressure reducing nozzle 10 and the monitoring unit 72 through a pressure reduced tank in the pressure reducing unit.

Fig.5 shows test results of evacuation effects attained by the pressure reducing unit employing the nozzle blocks 25 Ihe object to be subjected to evacuation is a vacuum pressure tank with a container of 9095 1- In the figure, a shows a vacuum-time curve for the vacuum pressure 12 tank with 10 nozzle blocks connected in parallel, b shows a similar curve for the vacuum pressure tank with 40 nozzle blocks connected in parallel and c shows the vacuum pressure tank with 68 nozzle blocks connected in parallel. Straight lines d to 1 are also shown for comparative tests conducted by using a vacuum pump manufacatured and sold by Sato Shin-kuu Kikai Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha of 1036, Fujikubo, Miyoshi-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama-ken). The lines d to 1 are obtained by calculating performance characteristics of Fig.7- In the figure, numerals after SW and ST, respectively, indicate exhaust velocity (1/min) and numerals after KS indicate 1/100 of the exhaust velocity.

When 68 nozzle blocks 25 are connected (curve c), the n vacuum pressure tank of the present invention develops much stronger vacuum suction than a vacuum pump (as indicated by straight lines h and i of Fig.5) of substantially the same cost. More particularly, when the nozzle blocks of this structure are used, vacuum suction of substantially the same level as developed by an expensive vacuum pump can be obtained at a more reasonable cost. Furthermore, the vacuum pump needs periodical check ana maintenance operations to maintain its performances. In contrast, the pressure reducing unit using the nozzle blocks 25 may be free from maintenance. In addition, advantageously, the number of nozzle blocks to be connected may be selected freely. Therefore, a desired vacuum suction can be easily obtained ana the configuration of the system can be varied easily.

Fig.6 is an explanatory view showing a detail of the monitoring unit. The monitoring unit 7 comprises a filter section 71 connected to the treating liquid pipe 13 0*0 £nc* a monitoring section 72 situated under the filter section 71 and secured integrally thereto.

The filter section 71 is connected to the treating 13 2 3 7 4 7 3 liquid pipe 13 (14) and adapted to hold a monitoring wood 73 which is identical with the wood 2 to be treated or similar thereto.

The treating liquid pipe 13 (14) is connected to an upper portion of the filter section 71 and a socket 74 provided on a side of the monitoring section 72 is connected to a pressure reducing line. The filter section 71 is separated from the monitoring section 72 by a base plate 75, but the former is communicated with the latter through a connecting tube 77 which extends through the base plate 75-The monitoring wood 73 is removably held on an upper end of the connecting tube 77 to cover opening of the tube.

Kith this arrangement, the air and treating liquid 20 entering the filter section 71 is introduced into the monitoring section 72 only through the monitoring wood 73- The monitoring section 72 has a monitoring window 76 provided to see dripping of the treating liquid 20 which has passed through the monitoring wood 73- 0ne can observe whether the treating liquid 20 has passed through the monitoring wood 73 or not by watching the dripping of the liquid through the window 76.

The monitoring section 7 further has a manometer SO and a drain 82.

Although a couple of monitoring units are provided in the embodiment as illustrated, one monitoring unit would suffice to carry out the invention.

The operation of the present embodiment will now be described.

First, a suitable number of timbers 2 to be treated are placed in the container 3 and they are fixed in position by the mesh plate 17, the stop bar IS and the air cylinder 19-The treating liquid 20 is then poured into the container. The treating liquid 20 is filled until the timbers 2 are under the surface of the liquid. The container 3 is then 14 23 7 4 7 introduced into the pressure tank 1 by truck 31 and then rail 15. Once the container is situated in the tank, the cap 9 is closed.

Then, the pressurizing unit 6 is operated and the pressure reducing unit 4 is operated to evacuate the pressure tank 1 to 160 Torr or lower by the pressure reducing nozzle 10 provided at the upper portion of the pressure tank 1- After the pressure tank 1 has reached the desired evacuated state, the tank 1 is still evacuated for 10 to 120 minutes. Thus, the air in the timbers 2 to be treated is expelled from the timbers 2.

At the same time, the pressure reducing unit 5 as shown in Fig.l is"operated to draw out the treating liquid 20 through the suction pipe 12 provided at the lower portion of the pressure tank 1 at a pressure (about 60 Torr) lower than the interior pressure of the pressure tank 1. As a result of this, the air contained in the treating liquid 20 or adhering to the surface of the timbers 2 to be treated is extracted towards the monitoring unit 7 through the treating liquid pipes 13, 14.

The pressure reducing nozzle 10 at the upper portion of the pressure tank 1 is then closed and compressed air at a pressure of 8 to 40 Kg/cmc is fed into the pressure tank 1 by the pressurizing nozzle 11 at the upper portion of the pressure tank 1. The pressurizing by the compressed air and the evacuation by the pressure reducing unit 5 are continued for 10 to 120 minutes.

Upon pressurizing of the inside of the pressure tank 1, the treating liquid 20 flows towards the monitoring unit 7 of a lovrer pressure side since the treating liquid 20 is subjected to evacuation. At this time, since the air retained in the treating liquid 20 ana the residual air within the timber 2 to be treated are light in weight and of low-viscosity they are gathered in the monitoring timber 73- 237 4 7 passing through the monitoring timber 73> and are introduced into the monitoring section 72 prior to the treating liquid 20.

As the pressurizing injection proceeds, flow of the treating liquid 20 into the monitoring section 72 may be observed through the monitoring window 76. This may confirm that the impregnation with or penetration of the treating liquid 20 into the timbers 2 placed in the container 3 has been completed.

Thereafter, operation of the relevant units is stopped and the interior pressure of the pressure tank 1 is restored to a normal pressure and the cap 9 of the pressure tank 1 is opened to transfer the container 1 onto the truck 31. Thus, the timbers treated with the"liquid are taken out of the tank'1.

When a liquid was injected into beech wood by using the apparatus of the present embodiment, the impregnation rate of the treating liquid was 115 to 129 wt% (average value: 121 \<z%). Before the present invention, the impregnation rate was 70 to 80 wt£ or lower.

The present invention may of course be applied to acetylated or formalized timbers. The experiments conducted by the inventors have revealed that the timbers may preferably be dipped in 10% aqueous solution of acetic anhydride or 2% aqueous solution of formalin for some hours to effect acetylation or formalization prior to the liquid impregnation treatment of the present invention as described above. In this case, the amount of the liquid to be impregnated is generally 15£ of the weight of the timbers to be treated (after acetylation or formalization).

A far-infrared-ray panel heater according to the present invention will not* be described, referring to Figs. 8 and 9. Although this far-infrared-ray panel heater may be used for floor heating, lateral heating, ceiling heating, 16 2 3 7 4: " etc., a floor heater is illustrated in Fig.8 as an example.

Floor panels 2 01 are made of wooden plates such as a Japanese ceder, Japanese chestnut , paulownia, etc. which have been subjected to the treatment for impregnating a synthetic resin (comprising a base of formaldehyde and a crosslinking agent of alkyd resin. A heat source 102 is disposed under the floor panels 101 and a heat insulator 103 is in turn provided under the heat source 102.

According to the results of the experiments conducted by the inventors, using the floor heater as illustrated, far infrared rays 104 radiated from the floor panels 101 when the floor panels 101 are heated to a temperature of 40*C. As a result of this, persons or things on the floor, walls and ceilings are all warmed. In addition, moisture in air is also warmed by the far infrared rays. Thus, the air in the entire room is uniformly -warmed from the floor to the ceiling. Thus, a region ranging from 10 cm above the floor to the ceiling arc e>rtending to the four coumers of a rocm are a., a temperature of 26"C. Thus, it can be seen that not only the floor, but the entire space of the room is warmed at a confortable temperature by the far-infrared-ray floor heating system (Refer to Fig.9). 17

Claims (1)

1. 237473 WHAT I CLAIM IS:- (1) A method for impregnating a liquid such as a resinous liquid into wood in a pressure tank which may be evacuated or pressurised, which method comprises: a) evacuating the inside of the pressure tank, which contains timber to be impregnated with liquid, through an evacuation line outside of the pressure tank and through a monitoring timber, visible through a monitoring window, located outside of said pressure tank, which is substantially identical with said timber, which is connected to said evacuation line; and b) injecting a liquid into the pressure tank under pressurized conditions, while continuing the evacuation of the inside of the tank through such evacuation line and said monitoring timber; the impregnation of the timber in the pressure tank with the liquid being continued until the liquid begins to be drawn out of the pressure tank through the evacuation line monitoring timber, which is visually observable in operation by dripping of liquid from said monitoring timber. (2) A method as claimed in claim 1, in which said timber is subjected to a pretreatment to substitute a hydroxyl group in the cells of the timber with a hydrophobic group. (3) A method as claimed in claim 2, in which said hydroxyl group in the timber to be treated is substituted with 2% formalin to effect formalization and then 15 wt% of the liquid based on the weight of the timber is impregnated into the formalized timber. (4) An apparatus for impregnating a liquid such as a resinous liquid into wood, which apparatus comprises: a) a pressure tank accommodating timber to be subjected to the impregnation, which may be evacuated or pressurised; b) a plurality of monitoring units connected to a suction pipe of the pressure tank; 18 -19- c) each of said monitoring units holding a monitoring timber substantially identical in properties with the timber accommodated in the pressure tank; d) an evacuating means for evacuating the liquid and air in the pressure tank through the suction pipe and the monitoring timber; and e) a pressurising means for injecting the liquid into the pressure tank under pressurised conditions; wherein the impregnation state of the timber can be determined by visually observing the monitoring timbers of the respective monitoring units, through monitoring windows, without suspending the liquid impregnation processes ) An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, in which said suction pipe of the pressure tank has tip ends each formed in a conical shape, said tip ends being inserted in the respective monitoring units to secure the monitoring timbers. (6) An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, in which each of said monitoring units has a vapor-liquid separator. (7) A method for impregnating a liquid such as a resinous liquid into wood, as claimed in claim 1 substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the drawings. (8) Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the drawings. (9) Timber impregnated by the method of any one of claims I to 3 or 7. (10) A far-infrared-ray panel heater including panels of timber as claimed in claim 9 substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the accompanying drawings. N03U0 IKEDA / ,/ By His attornevs BALDWIN J SON &"CAREY V