NZ207848A

NZ207848A - Drawing board for drawing perspective

Info

Publication number: NZ207848A
Application number: NZ207848A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: D B Williams; S C Bishop
Original assignee: D B Williams; S C Bishop
Priority date: 1984-04-13
Filing date: 1984-04-13
Publication date: 1987-01-23
Also published as: KR850007943A; DK166885A; DK166885D0; ZA852747B; EP0161808A1; AU4108685A; JPS60236799A

Description

<div class="application article clearfix" id="description"> * » 2 078 m Priority Date(s): ... ."7777. Compis^o Spcci.;:„-.?t!en Filed: (J.ft.T& Class: Publication Date: K?!.JANJ987: P.O. Journal, No: .. N.z 13APR i984 -1- O NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION A DRAWING BOARD WE, DAVID BRUCE WILLIAMS, a New Zealand citizen of 27 John Gill Road, Howick, Auckland, New Zealand, and STEPHEN CLARK BISHOP, a New Zealand citizen of 11 Stoneyroyd Gardens, Remuera, Auckland, New Zealand, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement it-. I -2- BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION 207848 This invention relates to a drawing board and in particular to a drawing board which is capable of being used to product perspective drawings. Up until this time, numerous drawing boards have been suggested, which are capable of producing perspective drawings, these being particularly useful for architects, draughtsmen and the like. In addition such drawing board are a value to schools and learning institutions where students are being taught to prepare drawings including ' perspective views. For example, one such drawing board is disclosed and claimed in New Zealand patent specification No. 192655. This specification discloses a drawing board which allows for the preparation of perspective drawings, but we consider that the drawing board of New Zealand patent specification No. 192655, suffers from a number of disadvantages. In particular, it does not disclose or allow for, the preparation of perspective drawings in which the vanishing points are defined above and/or below a substantially horizontal line of the drawing surface. Thus, one is not able to prepare drawings having height and/or depth perspectives. Danish patent specification No. 74469 also discloses a drawing board on which perspective drawings are capable of being formed, but again does not disclose any I i arrangement for providing vanishing points above and/or below a substantially horizontal centre line of said drawing surface. -3- 207848 3oth New Zealand patent specification No. 192655 and Danish patent specification No. 74469, disclose drawing boards having a drawing surface with guide means (for drawing instruments or implements), the guide means being provided so that they do not protrude above the plane of the drawing surface. As will be appreciated this is important so that drawing implements can be moved across the drawing surface without any problems. Both specifications disclose guide means on one side of the drawing surface, which include a pair or arcuate guides of basically opposite curvature, which are capable of defining different vanishing points on opposite side of the centre of the drawing surface. Both New Zealand patent specification No. 192665 and Danish patent specification No. 74469 disclose a recess or spacing between the arcuate guides which appears to allow for a drawing instrument or the like to be moved from one arcuate guide to the other during the formation of drawings. It does not seem to us that this is a necessary feature, as drawing implements can be quite easily lifted and moved from one guide means to another. In addition, to the above specifications, numerous patent specifications are known relating to drawing boards having various means for forming perspective drawings. In such arrangements however, the guide means have not always been capable of being used in an effective manner. None of the prior art specifications suggest or disclose that means be provided to allow for vanishing points to be formed above and/or below a substantially horizontal centre line of the drawing surface (in addition to vanishing points at substantially opposite sides of the drawing surface). -4- 207848 Fop example we refer to United States patent specifications No's 2,412,194 and 2,876,547. Alsa United Kingdom patent specification No. 746331. As we have already stated, none f the prior patent specifications referred to above, disclose the ability to form vanishing points above and/or below a substantially central line of the drawing surface, in addition to the ability to form vanishing points on substantially opposite sides of the drawing surface. In addition, none of the prior art specifications disclose or suggest means whereby the arcuate guides provided at least one side of the drawing surface, can be replaced, such as by being incorporated into a replaceable portion of the board, this allowing arcuate guides of differing dimensions and curvature to be used in association with the same drawing surface. Such an arrangement allows for the board to be used for a far greater number of differing situations as compared with a board which has fixed guide means at one side of the drawing surface (as is the case with known boards). In one form of the present invention therefore, we provide additional guide means over and above those provided in association witu '■ 1 -11- - 2 07848 -5- us to form perspective drawings which not only have vanishing points on opposing sides of the drawing surface but which have vanishing points above and/or below a substantially horizontal centre line of said drawing surface. As stated, this has not been previously suggested, or disclosed. In addition, and in a further form of the invention, at least two substantially arcuate guides are provided at one side ofthe drawing surface, and are formed or provided in a replaceable portion, which is capable of replaceably engaging within the drawing board at the side of the drawing surface. In that the portion is replaceable, it can be removed and replaced with a section carrying arcuate guides of a different dimension or configuration, depending upon the desires of a user. It is an object of this invention to overcome shortcomings that we have identified in drawing boards known up until this time, and to provide a straight forward and efficient drawing board. Other objects of this invention will become apparent from the following description. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of this invention there is provided a drawing board including: (a) a drawing surface; (b) at least two substantially arcuate guides situated on at least one side of said drawing board and being capable in use of defining 2 078 48 the vanishing points on opposite sides of said drawing surface; (c) at least one atcuate guide being provided and situated above and/or below a substantially horizontal centre line of said drawing surface; (d) said arcuate guides being so positioned and located relative to the drawing surface and to each other, that at least one drawing implement is capable of being used in conjunction therewith to define at least one further vanishing point above and/or below said substantially horizontal centre line of said drawing surface. According to a further aspect of this invention, there is provided a drawing board including: (a) a drawing surface; (b) at least two substantially arcuate guides situated on at least one side of said board and being capable in use of defining vanishing points on substantially opposite sides of said drawing surface; (c) at least two substantially arcuate guides being provided in a replaceable portion of said board which is releaseably engageable within and relative to, said board. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: 207848 - 7- Figure 1: is a view of a drawing board according to one form of the present invention. Figure 2: is a view of a further form of the drawing board according to the present invention. Figure 3: is a view of the drawing board used according to a further form of the invention. Figure 4: is a view of a drawing board used according to yet a further form of the present invention. Figure 5: is a view of a drawing board used according to yet a further form of the present invention. Figure 6: is a view of a drawing board used according to yet a further form of the present invention. Figure 7: is a view of a drawing board showing a replaceable portion locating arcuate guides, according to one form of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The drawing board of the present invention is constructed of any appropriate material, such as for example plastics, wood and the like. This is by way of example only however. The drawing board has a basically flat surface and defines a substantially central drawing surface 20. ..." I \ ... . ■ ■ z0/84& -8- The board is bounded by substantially straight edges. The board is formed with a plurality of guide means extending about the drawing surface, the guide means being adapted in use to locate and guide drawing implements and instruments for use in drawing. The drawing surface 20 is bounded on one or more sides by appropriate scales and the like for use by draughtsmen, students and the like. At at least one side of the drawing surface 20 there is provided at least two guide members 1 and 2 being in the form of arcuate guide members. These guide members serve to locate and guide drawing instruments (such as T-squares) for use in conjunction with the drawing surface 20. The arcuate guide means are formed as moulded or formed grooves or depressions in the surface of the board . Other forms of guide means can be used but it is important that the guide means are preferably below the drawing surface 20. The arcuate guide means of the present invention are elongate in formation and are curved so as to be subsatntially arcuate in formation. The grooves are preferably of substantially opposite curvature, and are, in one form of the invention located so as to be substantially convex relative to each other. In one form of the invention as shown in the accompanying drawings, the arcuate guide means 1 and 2 are spaced apart slightly one from the other, so that a further arcuate guide means 4 is located therebetween, this being for use in preparation of basically isometric V 2078 4 8 -9- type drawings, (which will be described hereinafter by way of example). In addition, a further arcuate guide 5 can be provided on the opposite side of the drawing surface (being positioned substantially convex relative to the guide means 4 between the two guide means 1 and 2. This is also used for the purpose of isometric type drawings. Inwardly of the edge of the board and curving about one edge of the drawing surface 20 is a further arcuate guide means 6 which is of a substantially "horse-shoe" configuration. As will be described hereinafter, this arcuate guide can be used for the formation of one point perspective drawings. Referring further to Figure 1 of the drawings, it will be seen that further arcuate guides are provided at least one below and at least one above the substantially horizontal centre line 25 of the drawing surface 20. The arcuate guides 3T and 3B above and below the drawing surface 20 are, in one form of the invention, located so as to be of opposite curvature, being substantially convex relative to each other. In the preferred form of the invention, such arcuate guide means 3T and 3B are provided both above and below the drawing surface 20, and these in conjunction with the arcuate guide means 1 and 2 to one side of the drawing surface 20, allow for further vanishing points to be formed above and below the substantially horizontal centre line of the drawing surface 20. This then allows for effective "height" and "depth" '""S -10- 8 48 0 perspectives which have not previously been possible. While the invention is described by way of example only, with having upper and lower arcuate guide means 3T and 3B, it should be appreciated that if desired, only an upper arcuate guide means 3T or a lower arcuate guide means 3B can be provided. For example if only a lower o arcuate guide was provided, then only a third vanishing point height perspective would be capable of being obtained in conjunction with the arcuate guides 1 and 2 at the sides of the drawing surface. On the other hand, if only a top or upper arcuate guide means 3T was provided then again this would allow only a third depth perspective to be obtained in association with the two arcuate guide means 1 and 2 at the side of the drawing surface 20. It has been found that by using appropriate drawing implements such as a "T" square, the combination of the arcuate guides 1 and 2 at the side of the drawing surface 20 and the one or more upper and/or lower arcuate guide means 3T and 3B, further vanishing points can be obtained over and above the vanishing points at opposite sides of the drawing surface as obtained up until this time. These further vanishing points defining height and depth, add substantially to the advantages of such a drawing board from the point of view of draughtsmen, architects and students.While reference is made to "T" squares it should be appreciated that any appropriate or known implements can be used. O 2 078 48 -li- Whilst perspective drawing geometrically distorts a drawing in a manner that is largely a matter of taste, one example of a formula, for a three point perspective convention can, by way of example only, be shown as A,B - vanishing points whose positions are known. N - "centre" T - projection of view-point. C - vanishing point whose position is required. AN = BN = CN = h Required formula is: h = m x -V" s Wherein: (i)sis height of viewing point above eye level scaled down to the scale of the drawing. (ii)As s gets smaller and smaller h increases and becomes infinite when s = o. For s negative (i.e. viewpoint below eye level) h is negative so third vanishing point is below eye level. It should be appreciated the drawing instruments used in the present invention can have lugs or feet associated therewith, so as to engage within the one or more recesses, grooves or depressions forming the arcuate guides. 2 078 48 -12- Referring now to Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, it will be seen that a drawing implement (30) in association with the arcuate guides 1, 2 and 3B, is capable of forming a perspective drawing on the drawing surface 20 having a third or height perspective. Thus, the drawing implement 30 located in the arcuate guide 1 defines a vanishing point x(l) to one side of the drawing surface. The drawing implement 30 within the arcuate guide 2 defines a vanishing point x(2) on the opposite side of the drawing surface. The drawing implement engaged within the lower arcuate guide 3B defines a vanishing point x(3B) above the centre line of the drawing surface 20, the three vanishing points thus permitting the formation of a drawing having a height perspective, such as shown in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings. Referring to Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings, the drawing implement 30 is engaged within the arcuate guides 1 and 2 as described with reference to Figure 2 of the drawings. However, a drawing implement 30 is engaged within the arcuate guide 3T, above the drawing surface 20. This then enables the operator to define a vanishing point x(3T), off the bottom of the drawing surface (and below the centre line thereof) which in conjunction with the vanishing points x(l) and x(2) allows a three point perspective drawing having a depth perspective. 207348 -13- It will be appreciated that such further dimensional perspectives are not disclosed by or suggested in, any of the drawing boards known up until this time. Referring now to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings, a drawing implement 30 can be utilised in conjunction with the arcuate guide 6 extending about the one side of the drawing surface 20, to define a one point perspective c involving a single vanishing point. Referring to Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated that the present invention is also capable of being used to define a two point perspective such as clearly disclosed in the prior art specifications (in particular New Zealand patent specification No. 192655). In such a case a drawing implement 30 is first engaged within the arcuate guide 1 and this enables the formation of a vanishing point x(l) at one side of the board. The engagement of the drawing implement in an arcuate guide 2 permits the formation of a vanishing point x(2) off the other side of the drawing surface. Thus, an object is capable of being formed, having a two point perspective. Referring to Figure 6 of the drawings, the present invention is also capable of being used to form isometric type drawings with appropriate implements 30 which are engaged within the arcuate guide menas 4 and 5 at either side of the drawing surface 20. This is also known from the prior art specifications and in particular from New Zealand patent specification No. 192655. r-i O ■ V c\ •Yt. 207848 -14- It will be appreciated therefore that in addition to the present invention being capable of being used to form the known two point perspective drawings, it has the substantial advantage of being able to represent the additional height and/or depth perspectives on the drawing surface. The need to turn or revolve the board for the preparation of different perspectives (as required for example in New Zealand patent specification No. 192655), is also avoided in the present invention. As referred to hereinbefore, it is a further advantage and feature of one form of the present invention, to provide at least two arcuate guide means 1 and 2 at one side of the drawing surface 20, on a replaceable portion of the board (outside the drawing surface). Thus, at one side of the drawing surface, the arcuate guide means 1 and 2 can be formed into a section of the board which is capable of being clipped into and out of position, or alternatively which is capable of being slid into and out of position. The replaceable portion 30 of the board to one side of the drawing surface 20 is formed with at least two arcuate guide means 1 and 2 of a desired length, configuration and curvature, depending upon the desires of a user and depending upoin the vanishing points required relative to the drawing surface 20. It is envisaged that in the case of students, architects, draughtsmen and the like, there may be a desire to vary the configuration, length or orientation of the arcuate guide means depending upon the desires of the user. For this .v ^ c \ » V 0128P -15- 078 48 purpose, the arcuate guide means 1 and 2 are formed into or on a replaceable portion 30 of the drawing board. At the same time, the drawing board at one side of the drawing surface 20 is so formed as to releaseably and replaceably receive and locate a section or portion 30 of the board, having one or more arcuate guide means (for example at least guides 1 and 2) formed therein. If the arcuate guide means 1 and 2 are formed in or with a replaceable portion 30, the portion is of a shape and configuration such as to accommodate the arcuate guide means. The replaceable portion 30 can for example be provided with lugs at each side thereof, which can engage with receiving holes or recesses at each side of a recess 31 formed in the side of the board. In this way, the replaceable portion 30 of the drawing board, locating the arcuate guide means 1, 2 can be replaceably clipped into position. When it is desired to change the configuration or curvature of the arcuate guide means, the portion 30 can be removed and replaced. For example a drawing board 30 can have associated with it, a number of portions 30, having arcuate guide means of differing configurations, dimensions or curvature. In a further form of the invention, it is envisaged that the broad at one side of the drawing surface 20 can be provided with an elongate slot or recess 31 therein, formed in the sides with grooves. The arcuate guide means can be formed into a substantially corresponding elongate portion 30 of board, which can for example be -16- purpose, the arcuate guide means 1 and 2 are formed into or on a replaceable portion 30 of the drawing board. At the same time, the drawing board at one side of the drawing surface 20 is so formed as to releaseably and replaceably receive and locate a section or portion 30 of the board, having one or more arcuate guide means (for example at least guides 1 and 2) formed therein. If the arcuate guide means 1 and 2 are formed in or with a replaceable portion 30, the portion is of a shape and configuration such as to accommodate the arcuate guide means. The replaceable portion 30 can for example be provided with lugs at each side thereof, which can engage with receiving holes or recesses at each side of a recess 31 formed in the side of the board. In this way, the replaceable portion 30 of the drawing board, locating the arcuate guide means 1, 2, can be replaceably clipped into position. When itis desired to change the config -uration or curvature of the arcuate guide means, the portion 30 can be removed and replaced. For example a drawing board can have associated with it, a number of portions 30, having arcuate guide means of differing configurations, dimensions or curvature. In a further form of the invention, it is envisaged that the board at one side of the drawing surface 20 can be provided with an elongate slot or recess 31 therein, formed in the sides with grooves. The arcuate guide means can be formed into a substantially corresponding elongate portion 30 of board, which can for example be \ 2 078 48 -17- provided with elongate runners or tongues down each side. These can then engage within the grooves in the sides of the recess 31 to allow for the portion 30 of board to be slidably engaged within the recess and removably and releaseably located within the board. Again a drawing board could have associated with it, a number of slide replacements each having arcuate guide means of differing configurations and curvature, so that the arcuate guide means (1,2) can be replaced in a straight forward and efficient manner, when desired by a user. Where a replaceable portion 30 (carrying arcuate guides 1 and 2) is slidably engageable within a recess 31, it is also an advantage of the present invention, that by slidably moving the portion 30 within the recess 31, the horizontal centre line 25 of the drawing surface 20 can be raised, and lowered, depending on the desires of a user. This contributes greatly to the worth and flexibility in use, of the present invention. It should be appreciated that any appropriate means of releaseably engaging the portion 30 with the board, can be used. The above are by way of example only. It is considered that this is a particularly advantageous feature of one form of the present invention, in that a user is not forced to continue to use one set of arcuate guide means, of a set or predetermined length, configuration or curvature. The arcuate guide means at one side of the drawing surface, as used basically to define vanishing points on either side of the drawing surface, can be replaced and varied as may be required. 2 07848 -18- Th e present invention has been described by way of example only, and improvements or modifications may be made without departing from the scope or spirit thereof, as defined by the appended claims. </div>

Claims

<div class="application article clearfix printTableText" id="claims"> -19 WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. A drawing board including: (a) a drawing surface: (b) at least two substantially arcuate guides located to at least one side of said drawing surface and being capable in use of defining vanishing points on opposite sides of said drawing surface; (c) at least one arcuate guide being provided above and/or below a substantially horizontal centre line of said drawing surface; (d) said arcuate guides being so positioned and located relative to the drawing surface and to each other, that at least one drawing instrument is capable of being used in conjunction therewith to define vanishing points on opposite sides of said drawing surface and to define at least one further vanishing point above and/or below a substantially horizontal centre line of said drawing surface.

2. A drawing board as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least two substantially arcuate guides located to at least one side of said drawing surface are located substantially convex relative to each other.

3. A drawing board as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein an upper arcuate guide is provided above the horizontal centre line of said drawing surface and a lower arcuate guide is provided below the horizontal centre line of said drawing surface; the upper and lower 20?848 20- 207348 arcuate guides being positioned substantially concave relative to each other.

4. A drawing board as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the arcuata guides are elongate grooves in said drawing board.

5. A drawing board as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein a drawing instrument in conjunction with said lower arcuate guide below the horizontal centre line of said drawing surface, is capable of defining a vanishing point above the substantially horizontal centre line of said drawing surface.

6. A drawing board as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a drawing instrument in conjunction with said upper arcuate guide above the horizontal centre line of said drawing surface is capable of defining a vanishing point below a substantially horizontal centre line of said drawing surface.

7. A drawing board as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least two arcuate guides located to at least one side of said drawing surface are formed or provided in a releaseably engageable, replaceable, portion of said board.

8. A drawing board as claimed in claim 7, wherein the replaceable portion is slidably engageable within an elongate recess in said board.

9. A drawing board as claimed in claim 7, wherein the replaceable portion of said board is releaseably engageable within and relative to said board by a clip engagement.

10. A drawing board substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings. DAVID BRUCE WILLIAMS and BISHOP By *; BAI IEY. 2534 </div>