NZ203200A - Imparting immunomodulating, anti-viral and/or anti-tumour activity with certain erythro-9-(2-acyloxyalk-3-yl)- hypoxanthines - Google Patents

Description

New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number £03200 203200 Under the provisions of Reg(J*j lation 23 (I) the Priority Coropfsio Gpscification FHed: Ctass: k'.K .?! /j . y .....

Publication Dale: ...... V!. T. J9!v P.O. Journ.o-), f\!c: . ,... L3 PK.... ?/ ^ ^ ^ ^ m ||| i1 i w Specification bos been ante-dated to 19.$.1— 0^>NS £°£ s \\ «» ■iv^ ,, H ' O / ^ ■ 4V NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT, ] 953 No.: Divided out of No. 196,295 Date: 18 February 1981 COMPLETE SPEC! FICAT'iON "METHOD OF TREATMENT EMPLOYING ESTERS 11 jq/We, NEWPORT PHARMACEUTICALS INTERNATIONAL, INC., a corporation of California, U.S.A., of 1590 Monrovia Boulevard, Newport Beach, California, U.S.A., and SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH, a corporation of New York, U.S.A., of 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, U.S.A. hereby declare the invention for which / we pray that a patent may be granted to JfSfe/us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- 203200 This invention relates to methods of treatment employing esters. This is a divisional of New Zealand Patent specification 196,295.

The present invention may be said broadly to consist of a method of imparting immunomodulating activity, antiviral activity or antitumor activity comprising administering to a mammal an effective amount for such purpose of a compound of the formula - OH HC Ctt CH 3 R 1 OR 2 1&3 io.o - 3 - ' 1 2 where R is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and: R is the ester group of an unsubstituted monocarboxylic acid, unsubstituted dicarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, or nitric acid or a glycoside residue or an acetaldehyde hemiacetal residue. The compounds, which are the subject of New Zealand Patent specification 196,295, are immunomodulators, have antiviral activity and antitumor activity, especially antileukemic activity, and also are enzyme inhibitors. The compounds can also be used to introduce the corresponding alcohol into biological systems, in some cases with increased potency. 2 The acid portion of the ester group R can be, for example, that of unsubstituted aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, e.g., those having 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or oleic acid, that of an unsubstituted aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, e.g., malonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and even carbonic acid. With the dicarboxylic acids there are usually formed the half esters, e.g., hemimalon,ate, hemifumara.te, hemimaleate and hemisuccinate as well as the methyl carbonate and ethyl carbonate.

As aminocarboxylic acids there are employed aminoalkanoic acids such as glycine, arginine, lysine, alanine, leucine, valine or methionine.

There can be employed aromatic carboxylic acids including salicyclic acid or aralkyl carboxylic acids such as phenylacetic acid, *3-phenyl propionic acid or 3-ph.en.yl __ a-amino propionic acid.

The esters of the organic acids can be prepared in conventional manner, e.g., by employing the acid anhydrides or acyl halides, e.g., acyl 13 iW 5983 2032 00 chlorides such as acetyl chloride. The carbonic acid esters can be prepared, for example, from chlcrofoririic acid esters, e.g., ethyl chloroformate, methyl chloroformate or from phosgene.

The esters cf inorganic acics can also be prepared in conventional manner, e.g., employing ' o-phenylene phcsphochloridate to prepare the phosphates and the nitrates by using nitric acid.

The glycosides can be prepared of 5 to 6 10 carbon atom sugars such as glucose, fructose, manncse, xylose, 2-deoxvglucose, 2-deoxyribose, ribose, arabinose, galactose or rhamncse. They can be prepared by using ther acetobromo sugar followed by hycrolysis of the, acetyl groups. Thus there can be 15 employed acetobromoglucose in the presence cf silver carbonate in the classical Konigs-Knorr procedure Briql and Keppler, Ber., 5^, 1588 (1926) and Konigs and Knorr, Ber. 34_, 974 (1901).

The acetaldehyde hemiacetal residue is also prepared in •. conventional manner" from acetaldehyde using alcoholic hydrochloric acid as a catalyst.

It is an established fact that many infectious agents, such as viruses (influenza virus, 25 ESV, Friend leukemia virus) , bacterial ana fungi cause an immune suppressed state in the host, weakening his defenses to infection by infectious agents. Most other antiviral antimetabolite substances, like AraC, cause a suppression of host immune, defense mechanisms, 30 thereby exhibiting potential to lessen the body's own natural defense mechanisms and enhance secondary infection. 203200 An immunopotentiator or immunomodulator is any agent which either restores depressed immune function, or enhances normal immune function, or both. . Immune function is defined as the develocment 5 and expression cf humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity, cellular (thymccyte-mediated) immunity, or macrophage and granulocyte mediated resistance. It logically includes agents acting directly on the cells involved in the expression of immune response, or on 10 cellular or molecular mechanisms which, in turn, act to modify the function of cells involved in immune response. Augmentation of immune function may result from the action of an agent to abrogate suppressive mechanisms derived by negative-feedback influences 15 endogenous or exogenous to the immune system. Thus, immune potentiators have diverse mechanisms of action. Despite the diversity of cell site of action and biochemical mechanism of action of immunopotentiators, their applications are essentially the same; that is, 20 to enhance host resistance.

ADolications of ImmunoDotentiators 1) The principal protective function of the immune system relates to resistance to invasion by pathogens, including viruses, 'rickettsia, mycoplasma, 25 bacteria, fungi, and parasites of all types. Thus, improvement of immune response, particularly -when depressed, would calculatedly improve resistance in infection or infestation by any of the above pathogens. An immunopotentiator alone or in 30 combination with anti-infective therapy can be applied to any and all infectious diseases. 2 032 2) A second protective function of the immune system is thought to be resistance to engraft-ment of foreign tissue, either natural as in the fetal-maternal relationship; or unnatural as performed by the transplant physician. Immunopotentiators can also be used to facilitate rejection of fetal or placental tissues or to modify or indues tolerance to grafts. 3) A third protective function of the immune' 10 system-is thought.to.be resistance to malignant cell development as in cancer. The use of immunopotentiators can be used in cancer treatment to enhance tumor rejection and to inhibit tumor recurrences following other forms of therapy. 15 '4) A fourth protective function involves the capacity to recognise foreignness and to maintain non-reactivity to self by positive suppressor mechanisms. In auto-immune and related disorders, immune reactivity directed at self antigens or 20 exaggerated, elevated responses are apparent which are self—destructive. Immunopotentiators can be used to restore normal suppressor mechanisms, induce tolerance, or otherwise promote a normal immune response..

Each of the protective functions of the immune system can be modified by non-specific therapy with immunopotentiators alone or in combination with other agents employed to improve resistance or to kill the invading pathogen. In addition, specific 30 resistance can be augmented by use of immunopotentiators in conjunction with some form of antigen as in a vaccine employing, for example, virus, tumor cells, etc. This use can be to indues either specific immunity or tolerance. The latter might be 35 exemplified by use with antigen in allergy or 2 03200 auto-immune diseases. Use of immunopotentiators may be either therapeutic or prophylatic; the latter particularly in ageing, where infection, auto-immunity, and cancer are more common. The timing of administration and routes are variable and may be critical in determining whether a positive or negative response results. Any agent capable of augmenting immune response may inhibit it depending on timing and dose; thus, under certain circumstances an immunopotentiator could be used as an immunosuppresive agent for use in allergy, auto-immunity and transplantation.

The parent alcohol v/hen R is hexyl is erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine which has been tested under the identifying number NPT 15392. This compound can also be called erythro-6-hydroxy-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-purine. The other compounds identified herein as hypox-anthines can similarly be called 6-substituted-9-(substituted) purines. Among the compounds within the present invention are erythro-9-(2-acetoxy-3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine (identified as NPT 15458, see Example 1), erythro-9-(2-succinoxy-3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine (identified as NPT 15457, see Example 2), and erythro-9-(2-phosphate-3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine .

Other compounds within the invention of New Zealand 196,29 5 include, for example, those set forth in Table 1. In Table 1, the alkyl group for R"'" are all n-alkyl. 8 203200 R TABLE 1 2 0 II CH3CH2C- o 8 Cii^CS 2^^ 2^"" 0 CH3(CH2>14C- O II ch^(cr12)t gc — 0 CH^ (CH2) yCHCE (CH2) 7C- (cis) 0 ll EOCCCH2C- o II EOCCCH CEC- (cis) o II EOCCCE =CEC- (trans) O It EOOCCE2CE2CO- 0 II EOOC(CE2)3C- 203200 9 TABLE 1 (ccnt.) O il ch2(nh2)c- CH^Cn (NH2)C- h2nc(=nh)nhch2ch2ch2ce(ne2)c- h2n(ce2)4ce(ne2)c- 0 !! ce3sce2ch2ce(ne2)c- o 11 (ce3)2cecs2cs (ne2)c- // V chJ- E 2C*i 2C* o II o— ecc ge^c — -po3e2 -NO. 203200 TABLE 1(cont.) OH CgHj^ CEjCH (acetalcehvde hemiacetal) CgEis gluccsidyl CgHis ribosidyl c6h13 fructosidyl CgHi2 ntannosidyl c6513 rhamncsidyl CgEis xylcsid yl c6^13 galactcsicyl arabinosidyl 0 il io cs3 CE^C— o II ch3 eoocce2ce2c- CH3 gluccsid.yl CE3 -S03E2 2032 11 TABLE 1 (cont.) 0 c2e5 ch3c- 0 II <^2^5 HOCCCn2CH2C- c2H5. gluccsidyl C3H7 CS3C- 0 _ It nOOCC^ 2C • 0 il c^hg ch^c— C5H11 CH3C" 0 c5hii ecocch2ch2c- c5E11 glucosidyl C5E11 ~?03E2 0 C7E15 CS3C~ c7e15 eoccce2ch2c- I 12 2 032 0 TABLS 1 (cont.) <~7S15 gluccsid.yi 0 II C8H17 CH3C~ ' 0 ii CgH^^ HOOCCii2Cii2C" CqEtj glucosidyl CSa17 _P03h2 NPT 1539 2 has been previously demonstrated to bave antiviral immunomodulatina and anti-tumor activity.

The results presented herein demonstrate that 10 (1) novel derivatives.of NPT 15392 can be prepared which (2) can be converted in biological systems to the active substance (NPT 1539 2), (3) lead to higher blood -levels of the active substances (NPT 15392), thus enhancing the potency of NPT 1539 2. 15 The following table summarizes the chemical properties of some of the compounds of the invention of New Zealand 196,29 5. 13 2 032 0 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF REPRESENTAT-IVE EXAMPLES OF CLAIMED COMPOUNDS Erythro-9-(2-Acetoxy-3-nonyl)-Hypoxanthine (NPT 15458)* m • jp < 150-151°C Analysis Theory Found C 59.97 59.83 H 7.55 7.42 N 17.48 17.39 Erythro-9-(2-succinoxy-3-nonyl)-Hypoxanthine (NPT 15457}** A /A -i n3 max/ m x 10 X . mm PH pH 1.0 pH 7 pH 9.5 pH 1 pH 7 NPT 15457 250/9.7 249.5/10,.1 254/10.06 220 222.5 NPT 15458 250/- o A r\ / ^43/ — O C A / O O TTJ 4.^.^ j where (A „„3) = am = the molar extinction coefficient. it. x 10 * HPLC - Single UV peak on a column of 5y spherosorb ODS. 2.1 x 250 mm using solvent of 65% methanol: 35% .05 M H^P0„ 3 4 ** Single UV peak on a column of 5y Ultrasphere ODS 4.6 x 250 mm using a solvent of 65% Methanol: 35% 0.05 M H^PO^ I 14 203200 The immunopotentiators of the invention can be employed, for example, to provide resistance to invasion by the viruses in Table A.

Table A Virus Arenavirus Influenza Ehirovirus Polio 10 Measles Newcastle Disease Virus Rotavirus Hepatitis Type A Rabies 15 Arbovirus Vaccinia Herpes Simplex Eerpes Zoster 2 0 Varicella Zester Adenovirus Eepatitis Type B Ecof am Mcuth Disease 25 Machuno Class Disease ENA Rift Valley Fever ENA Influenza ENA Ccmron Cold SNA Bslio ENA Rubella ENA Newcastles Disease ENA Gastroenteritis in infants ENA Infectious Hepatitis ENA Rabies ENA Encephalitis DMA Smallpox DNA Cold sore, Encephalitis, Venereal Disease DNA Shingles DNA Chicken pox DNA Respiratory DNA Chronic Hepatitis, Severe Eepatitis DNA Ecof and Mouth Disease DNA Hemorrhagic Fever The compounds are especially useful against the RNA viruses.

The compounds and compositions cf the invention are useful in treating mammals (and cells 'cf mammals) including humans, swine, dogs, cats, cattle, horses, sheep, goats, mice, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, monkeys, etc. 2 032 00 Unless otherwise indicated, all parts anc percentages are by weight.

All temperatures are in degrees centigrade unless otherwise indicated.

The compositions can comprise, consist essentially of or consist cf the .materials set forth and the processes can comprise, consist essentially of or consist of the steps set forth with such materials.

The compositions can be administered to the mammals by conventional techniques, e.g., orally, nasally, rectally, vaginally or par-enter ally. They can be employed as injectable solutions, e.g., in water, or as tables, pills, capsules, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Examole 1 Synthesis of erythro-9-(2-Acetoxv-3—Nonvl)-Hypoxanthine (NPT 15458) ("ACETYL-NONYLHYPOXANTHINE") is 203200 Ervthro-9—(2-hycroxy-3-nonyl)hypoxanthine, NPT 15392 (2.78 g, 10 mmoles) was dissolved in pyridine (120 ml) and acetic anhydride (3 nil, 3 0 mmoles) added. The soluticn was kept at 25°C for 24 5 hours. Ethanol (50 ml) was added and the solution evaporated to dryness in vacuo.. This operation was repeated 4 times to eliminate the pyridine. Ether (150 ml) was added to the residue and the resulting solid collected by filtration. The precipitate was 10 washed with ether .3-times. A white crystalline material was obtained. (2.51 g, 80%) m.p. 150-151°C. uv raax. (E20, PE 5.5) 249 nm. A^ 10.1 x 1Q3, ir 1700 cm~^ (C'=0) .

Analyzed for C-j 5^2421402 .Calculated: C, 59.97; E, 7.55; N, 17.48. Found: C, 59.83; E, 7.42; N, 17.39.

Ascending chromatography (Whatman paper #1). Rf. values: n-Butancl/E20/ AcOE (2:1:1) = 0.92; Ethanol/ 1 _M Ammonium acetate (14:6) = 0.88; 16 iso—Propanol/ conc. Ammonia/ E2O (7:2:4) = 0.90 Example 2 Synthesis of Erythro-9-(2-Succinoxy-3-Nonvl) Eypoxanthine (Succinyl-Nonyl-Eypoxanthine) (NPT 15457) (ch2)5 o-ce- O ch- ce. c oe II ' o 17 2 03 2 0 600 rng of Erythro-9- (2-Eydroxy-3-Nonyl) -Hypoxanthine (NPT 15392) (2.2 mmole) and 1 cram succinic anhydride (10 mmole) were dissolved in a minimum volume of pyridine with stirring. The solution was heated gently (approx. 30°C) with continuous stirring for 10 days.

. The pyridine was removed using a rotary evaporator, and the residue .was extracted into 20 ml absolute ethanol for 48 hours. This solution was centrifuged, and the supernatant purified by preparative thin l2yer chromatography (2 mm Silica Gel 60, N-Butand: 2N NH^OE 10:2 v/v) . The band at Rf = 0.17 was elutad into absolute ethanol. The purity of the product was judged from TLC and UV spectrophotometry.

Chemical Stability The data presented in Table 3 clearly demonstrate that the esters, NPT 15453 and NPT 15457 have stability when incubated at 37aC and neutral pH (7.0, physiological value). The fact that basic hydrolysis at pE 9.5 can convert both the Acetyl (NPT 15453) and Succinyl (NPT 15457) esters to NPT 153S2 is further proof cf their structure. 13 2 032 0 TABLE 3 EFFECT OF VARYING pE ON TEE CHEMICAL STABILITY OF ACETOXY-NONYL-HYPOXANTHINE (NPT 15453) AND SUCCINOXY-NONYL-HYPOXANTHINE (NPT 15457) Compound (conc.) % of NPT 15392* NPT 15392 (.36 ym/ml) pH 1.0 100 (Control) PE 7.0 10 0 pH 9.5 10 0 NPT 15457 (0.36 ym/ml) pH 1.0 2 pH 7.0 0 pE 9.5 8 NPT 15453 (0.36 ym/ml) pE 1.0 8 pE 7.0 0 ■ pE 9.5 28 "5t ^ ^ 17 ^ ^ 7 ^ O a « — — TT^T ^ •rf • w ** w ^ ^ X*AWWwC.s«^wij. dw mJ i W f w C iuj. iiCU I* o iliu Qriiv.

Antiviral Properties The ability of NPT 15457 and NPT 15458 to inhibit influenza virus replication was measured using 20 the hemadsorption assay. As can be seen from Table 4, NPT 15453 prodrug, which is almost completely cleaved to NPT 15392 (active drug), has a similar capability of inhibiting virus growth as the active drug (NPT 15392). In fact, it appears as if NPT 15458 may be 25 slightly more effective, perhaps due to a greater absorption of NPT 15458 intracellularly. The succinyl derivative, being negatively charged at pE 7.2 would not be expected to enter the cell as readily and wculd be less effective in this procedure. 20320 TABLE 4 COMPARISON OF ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES OF SUCCINOXY NONYL-HYPOXANTHINE (NPT 15457) AND ACETOXY-NONYL HYPOXANTHINE (NPT 15458) WITH NPT 1539 2 Drug ( g/ml) % Inhibition of Influenza Virus Growth 0 .36a . 3. 6a 10.8a 3 6a NPT '1539 2 0 20 30 42. 73 (Control) NPT 15457 0 18 0 18 13 NPT 15458 26 40 80 88 a Conc. in nmoles/ml. 2 032 0 Immunomodulatina Activity The ability of the acetoxy (NPT 15458) anc succinoxy (NPT 15457) esters of NPT 15392 to modulate the immune system, both in vitro and in vivo, was measured using the following systems: 1. Mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation using murine spleen cells (in vitro). 2. Mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HP3L) (in vitro). 3. Enhancement of-active rosette formation (in vitro). 4. Enhancement of IgM antibody formation in mice immunized with sheep red blood -5 cells (SR3C) (in vivo) . 1. The data presented in Table 5 clearly demonstrates the ability of NPT 15458 to augment FHA induced lymphocyte proliferation as measured by incorporation cf tritiated thymidine. Approximately 2o% increase was observeo wich a ccncenuraticn or oG ug/ml of NPT 15458. A similar increase was observed with 10 y.g/ml of NPT 1539 2. 2. The data presented in Table 6 clearly demonstrates that ecuimolar concentrations"of NPT 15457 'and NPT 15458 are effective in augmenting PEA induced lymphocyte proliferation using EP3L. This is interesting in view of the data given in Table 9, which shows that EP3L will cleave both esters to NPT 1539 2. NPT 15458, which is cleaved to a greater extent than NPT 15457 (see Table 9) is a more effective potentiator (Table 6, 1.48 versus 1.28) of the PEA induced transformation. •3. As can be.noted from Table 7, both NPT 15457 and NPT 15458 are effective in modulating active rosette formation in EP3L. It is interesting to note 21 2 032 0 that in Experiment #1, where the placebo—treated lymphocytes have a very low level of active rosettes (immunodeficient) NPT 15457 ana NPT 15453 are as active as NPT 15392 in restoring the depressed immunity to normal levels. In Experiment =2, placebo-treated controls have abnormally high values for active rosettes. In this instance, NPT 15392 and NPT 15458 are able to decrease the high levels of normal values; thus, demonstrating the true immunomodulatory properties of these drugs. 4. NPT 15457 and NPT 15458 and the "active" drug, NPT 15392, were given to Balb/c mice who had been immunized with sheep red blood cells SP3C. Antibody production to SP.BC was measured. ' It is interesting to note that NPT 15458 and NPT 15392 were very .effective in modulating the production of IgM antibodies. NPT 15392, at the levels studied, produce a 46% increase in IgM production. Eigher coses of NPT 15392 will cause less of an increase or decrease over control values. It is interesting to note that NPT 15458, which is converted to NPT 15392 and leads to at least 10 fold higher blood values of NPT 15392 (Table 10), produces an inhibition of IgM formation (Table 8). This is to be expected since NPT 15458 produces very high levels of NPT 15392 which are most likely inhibitory to IgM formation. The data presented in Table 8 demonstrates the immunomodulatory activity of NPT 15457 and NPT 15458. It should be noted that the effect of NPT 15457 is less than that of NPT 15453 and that less NPT 15457 is converted to NPT 15392 than NPT 15458 (Table 10). 22 2 032 0 TABLE 5 IMMUNOMODULATING PROPERTIES OF ACETOXY-NONYL-HYPOXANTHINE (NPT 15458) STIMULATION OF IN VIVO MITOGEN- -INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION IN MOUSE ; SPLEEN CELLS - Cpm Incorp.

Compound (Conc. ng/ml) —* -rPHA.

S.I.a D/C 0 (C) 137 64,647 471 .

NPT 1539 2 10 ng/ml (D) 117 63,804 538 1.25 NPT 15458 10 ng/ml (D) 153 66,800 436 .93 NPT 15458 50 ng/ml ' (D) 138 81,297 589 1.25 a S.I. equals stimulation index 23 203200 TaBLE 6 E^E^IOXOLATIIC PPOFHRTIZS OF SUCCINCXY-NONYIj—EY JrUX?2i(NPT 15457) AMD ACZHOXZ— tCNZL-EYIOX^NTHIXE (NPT 15453) ; D^ITCIMEST CF MITCXSN-'INE'COD IZMEECCYTZ PROLIFERATION IN EuMAN PERIPHERAL ELCCD I2MP5XTTSS Core.

CPm InccrP.

CCTEcurd n mol ss/frtl -5HA. -rEEA S.I.

D/C NPT 15392* 0 (C) 379 59,404 156 0.036 (D) 297 59,167 199 1.27 0.36 CD) 577 69,057 120 .76 3.6 (D) 381 67,328 176 1.128 NPT 15457 0 (C) 277 54,015 195 0.036 (D) 240 59,569 250 1.28 0.36 (D) 228 59,639 251 1.33 3.6 (D) 232 52,142 224 1.14 NPT 15458 ' 0 (C) 277 54,015 195 . 0.036 (C) 214 59,898 23 0a 1.43 0.36 (D) 221 63,858 289a 1.48 3.6 (D) 238 69,055 29 0a 1.48 * values are means of three experiments a o < 0.05 2 032 0 0 TABLE 7 IM^O^CIXJIATING EBDHRTTES CF t iOiroXY-JCNYL-EIIOX^ITEINE (NPT 15453) AND SOXIK<jXY-*CN1X-2:^ (NPT 15457) : ENHANCEMENT OF 5CTTVE E-POSETTE HDRMATICN Conscurd (Cere. n molesAnl) % Active E—Rosettes #1 (x ± S.E.) #2 Placebo 10 (Control) (0) 9.23 ± 2.9 34.2 ±6.6 NPT 15392 (Control) (3.6) (0.36) 16.2 ± 1.0 .4 ± 2.9s KPT 15457 (3.6) (0.36) 24.8 ± 6e 33.6 ± 2.4 NPT 15458 (3.6) (0.36) 19.4 ± 1.0C 23.25 ± 1.24a p < 0.05 versus placebo control. 2 032 0 TABLE 8 EMJIOra3IAEIN3 PROPERTIES OF 2CETCKY-SENYL EZK)X5NTEZNS ■ {NPT 15458) 2ND SCCCEJOC NDNYL-EYPCX^-TEINE (NPT 15457) : 5 INHIBITION GF IcM ANTIBODY E30DUCTICN IN SREC IMMJNIZZD EAL3/C MICS Expt # IgM Plaques % cf # Substarcs (Dose i.p.) (x ± s.E.) Control 1 • NPT 15392 (1.80 n nolesAg x 4) 41 ± 4 146a 2 (.18 n moles/kg x 4) 58 ± 2 147a 1 NPT 15457 (1.8 n rolesAS x 4) 19 ± 3 68a 2 (.18. n moles/kg x 4) 4? ± 3 102 1 NPT 15453 (1.8 n noles/kg x 4) 8 ± 1 28.5a 2 (.18 n moles/g x 4) 11 i 1 23.9a 1 CCOTPOL (placebo x 4) 28 ± 2 100 2 (placebo x 4) 46 ± 2 100 a p < 0.01 compared to placebo control 26 2032 Metabolic Conversion As can be seen from Table 9, incubation of the "pro-drugs", NPT 15457, and NPT 15453 with Vero Cells (African Green Monkey Kidney Cells), Liver Honogenate, and Euman peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (EPBL) leads to the formation of the "active" drug, NPT 15392. The conversion of NPT 15453 to NPT 15392 appears to occur to a greater extent than the conversion of NPT 15457 to NPT 15392.

The data.in Table 10, demonstrates that both NPT 15457 and- NPT 15453 can be absorbed into the blood after i.p. administration and that administration of NPT 15453 leads to almost 12 fold higher levels of NPT 15392, than if NPT 15392 is given by itself. This clearly establishes the fact that NPT 15453 and NPT 15457 can produce NPT 15392 in vivo and further at least one of these derivatives gives much higher blood levels allowing for greater activity. 27 20320 T*rT,"Sl 9 FOH-&TIDN OF NPT 15392 FrCM iCZI^'XY—>DNYX-E]f?3X?2TIHINS (NPT 15453) MD SrCINCXZ-^CNYIr-HrpOX^JTEINZ (NPT 15457) E£ EIOLCGIC.AL MEANS % of NPT 15392a at time (hrs.) Coiiiscurd 0 0.5 24 NPT 15392 Vero Cells 100 - 100 Liver Bsmcgenate 100 100 - ' EPSL 100 - 100 NPT 15457 Vero Cells 0-0 Liver Eosiccenata 0 14 - E?EL 0 18.2 NPT 15453 Vero Cells 0 - 50 Liver Ecmcgenate 0 70 - EFSL 0 - 100 a Determined using EPIC 2 032 23 T^ELE 10 fc2kmaticn of npt 15392 after i.p. angnistsasicn io mice of xzscxz-iDimrsrEax&nEiNZ (npt 15453) and scozincucf-^yir-eipa^ts^ (npt 15457) Ccrocurd A±ainistsred* animal Bleed Level (yin/al x 10J) npt 15392 npt 15457 npt 15453 npt 15392 1 2 0.22 0.65 npt 15457 1 2 0.47 0.22 1.4 0.57 npt 15458 1 2 8.2 2.7 0 0 (360 vrnAS) 29 2 032 0 0 Effect of Erythro-9-(2-Acetoxy-3-Nonyl)-Hypoxanthine on Growth of Tumor (Leukemia) Cells _In_ Vivo Compound (Conc..) % Inhibition of Growth L121Q (mouse) 806 8 (Human) NPT 15458 (10 yg/ml) 40 32 203200 TAELS 11 SlM4&KY OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES NPT 15457 HPT 15453 NPT 153S2 Ccnvertible to NPT 15392 Chemical pE 9.5 pE 7.0 Yes No Yes No Not Applicable Net Applicable Biological EEBL.

Liver Vero Mouse IS 14 0 100 70 50 100 Not Applicable Net Applicable Not Applicable Net Applicable Biological Activity Antiviral (in vitro) Very slight Yes (88%) Yes (73%) Iraaammcculating (in vitro) Lynch. Prolif.

Yes (+14-28%) Yes (+43-48%) Yes (+12-27%) limmmncculating (in vitro) Eosette Yes (+166%) Yes (+11%) Yes (+78%) Immuronccalating (in vivo) 25 SREC-IgM Moderate (0—60) Yes (-72%) Yes (+46%) 31 2032 The following procedures ■ were employed in order to make the determination of properties discussed above.

A. Cell Culture Methods A. Eela or Vero Cell Propagation 1. Cell cultures in 120 cm^ flasks are subcultured in monolayers in the following manner: 2. The media are poured off, and the monolayer washed two times with- approximately 50 ml per wash of calcium and magnesium free phosphate buffered saline (PBS), at a pE cf 7.2. 3. One ml of trypsin-EDTA solution containing 0.5 g trypsin (1:250) and 2.0 g EDTA/liter of Eanks balanced salt solution (E3SS) without Ca/""* and Mg"1"* is added at 37°C to each flask and dispersed over the monolayer with gentle shaking. 4. The flasks are then placed in an incubator at 37°C for approximately 3-5. minutes, depending on the time required to dislodge the cells. Shaking by hand is required.

. Ten ml of planting medium is added to each flask and the cells are dispersed by aspirating and expelling the suspension from the pipette. This is done ten.times. 6. The contents of a series of flasks were pooled and the cells in the suspension were diluted A with planting medium to 7-8.5 x 10"* cells/ml. 7. The planting medium consisted of the following composition: Minimum Essential Medium Eagles (MEM) with Earle's salts and EEPES buffer supplemented by adding the following substances as specified to 100 ml of MEM: ml of fetal calf serum (final concentration = 10%) 2 032 32 1 ml of 1-glutamine (200 Molar) 1 ml of 10,000 units pencillin, 10,000 yg streptomycin and 10,000 neomycin mixture 8. The cells are subcultured into Costar tissue culture trays consisting of 24 flat bottom wells each with a 3 ml capacity per well; the cell culture suspension (1 ml) is added to each well. 9. The monolayers are used for experimentation when they reach almost confluent growth (approximately 1-2 days).

. Separate flasks are used for maintaining the cell lines. Maintenance media consists of MZM plus supplements (see step 7) with FSC reduced to 5% final concentration.

B. Red Blood Cells 1. Whole blood is obtained by cardiac puncture from male Eartly strain guinea pigs. 2. About 10cc of whole blood is mixed with 25 ml of Alsever's solution, and may be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. 3. • Just prior to use, the RBC's are washed 3 times in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS.) , pE 7.2. 4. Each wash is accomplished by centrifuging the REC suspension for 10 minutes at 450 g at room temperature.

. A 0.4% v/v R3C suspension is made .with Eanks balanced salt solution. 20320 33 C. Egg Propagation of Viruses A. Infection 1. Nine to ten day fertile chicken eggs are candled for viability and the placement cf the air sac marked on the shell with a pencil. Questionable eggs (lack of movement or discoloration) are discarded. 2. . The shell surfaces are disinfected with 70% ethanol and allowed to dry. 3.. A small hole is punched through the shell with a sterile egg punch, approximately 1/4" within the'pencilled•circle marking the air sac of each egg. 4. One-tsnth ml of various virus suspension, 1Q2 to 103 EID^q/ulL, is inoculated through the hole with a 1 cc Tuberculin syringe at a 45° angle into the allantoic cavity. Care is taken not to injure the embryo or yolk sac. 6. One inch pieces of plastic tape are used to seal the hole and each egg is labeled with the appropriate virus, egg passage number and date. 7. Eggs are incubated at 3 5°-37° for 2 to 5 days, depending on the rapidity of viral growth. Incubation time and temperature are recorded along with other pertinent data for each passage.

B. Harvest of Allantoic Fluids 1. At the end of the incubation period, the eggs are chilled for 3-4 hours at 4°C to minimize bleeding into the allantoic cavity during the virus harvesting procedure. 2. Shell surfaces are again disinfected with 70% ethanol and allowed to dry. 3. Sterile scissors are used to cut' away the top of the shell along the pencilled line', and the membranes are teased off with sterile forceps. 34 2032 00 4. The forceps are inserted gently between the embryo ana shell membrane and the embryo pushed to one side, forming a "pocket" of allantoic fluid. Care is taken not to puncture the amnion (except in cases where the amnionic fluid is also to be harvested), and to minimize tearing of placental arteries.

. A sterile, disposable 10 ml pipette with mechanized vacuum bulb is used to collect the allantoic fluid and transfer it to sterile, disposal centrifuge tube. Approximately 5-3 ml can be harvested from each egg. 6. The harvested material is centrifuged at 1200 g for 10 minutes at 4°C. Supernates are transferred to sterile tubes. 7. Samples are taken from each pool for titration and sterility testing. The remaining suspension is aliquotted into sterile 2 cc serum tubes and labeled with strain, passage number and date. 8. Alicuots are immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and placed in storage at -70°C in an ultrafreezer or liquid N2 crvofreezer.

D. Virus Propagation in Tissue Culture A. Infection 1. Twenty-four to 48 hour monolayer cultures of the appropriate cell type, usually in 250 cm^ disposable tissue culture flasks are chosen for use when barely confluent. 2. All infection and harvesting are performed in a biological safety cabinet and only mechanical pipetting devices used. Sterile techniques are observed. 20320 3. Twenty-five ml of maintenance medium is used to replace growth medium in cultures to be infected. Control cultures also receive 25 ml of maintenance medium. 4. The seed virus is diluted with serum-free MEM according to information supplied by the source, or from titration of previous passages, and 0.5 ml.is added to each culture (except controls).

. Cultures are incubated at.37°C in a moist atmosphere of 5% C02, 95% air for 48-72 hours, with daily, observation for the development of cytopathic effects (CPS) characteristic of each virus. 3. Harvesting 1. Cultures are removed for harvesting when the CPS reaches a score of 3 to 4+. 0 - No apparent cytopathic effects 1+ - 25% of cells shewing cytopathic effects 2+ - 50% of cells showing cytopathic effects 3+ - 75% of cells showing cytopathic effects •' 4+ - 100% of cells showing cytopathic effects 2. Cultures are frozen and thawed three times to lyse and dislodge the cell layer. • After thawing for the third time, the culture fluid is transferrd to a sterile disposable centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 300 g for 30 minutes to remove cell debris. This virus suspension is checked for bacterial contamination. 3. Supernatants are immediately aliquotted (0.5-1 ml) into 2 cc sterile serum tubes and frozen in liquid nitrogen. 20320 36 3 4. For titration, monolayer cultures in 24-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates are prepared and infected as follows: a) Serial ten-fold dilutions of the virus are made in cold, 5% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) maintenance medium (10~^ to 10""^) . b) One ml of each dilution is added to individual wells in triplicate. c) Control cultures containing only ' maintenance medium are included.

. Cultures are incubated for 43 hours at 37°C in moist 5% 95° air, and the cell layers scored as previously described. TCID^q's titer are calculated according to the Reed and Munch method of titration.

E. Hemadsorption Assay 1. Just prior to carrying out EAd assays, media are decanted from cell culture trays. 2. One mililiter of maintenance medium is added to each culture well. 3. Two series cf control cultures receive maintenance medium alone. 4„ Test cultures and one of the control series are immediately innoculated with 0.1 ml of diluted virus preparation. (Input titers are specified as to previous EAdFFU assays). HAdFFU is hemadsorption foci farming units.

. The other series of controls are maintained uninfected, with MEM. alone added as a blank innoculation. 6. Cultures are incubated at 37°C for 16 to 18 hours, unless indicated otherwise. 37 2 032 0 7. After the innoculation period the media are decanted and the cells washed once with PBS at pE 7.2. 8. Five-tenths ml of the RBC suspension is added per well and "the cultures maintained for 3 0 minutes at room temperature. 9. The R3C suspension is then decanted and 'the cultures' are washed two to three times with PBS to remove all but specifically bound RBC's.

. Finally, 1.0 ml of Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (H3SS) is added to each well. 11. Counting of the foci of hemadsorbed RBC's initially.is performed using a Nikon inverted phase-contrast microscope with a 4X objective. 12. In all cases, a minimum of five random fields are selected per well for counting. 13. The counting of EAd foci is performed on a 3ausch & Lomb Omnicon Alpha Image Analyzer. 14. The image cf the microscope field is projected onto a Vidicon scanner. It is also displayed on a television screen so that the operator could detect and discount errors due to debris. Foci are detected by grayness level and image size.

. To eliminate counting of residual unadsorbed RBC's, an oversized count module is programmed to screen out individual RBC's. 16. The statistical analysis involves analyzing the data using an analysis of variance nested design model. Source of variation may be due to treatments, wells nested within treatments, and an experimental error term due to fields within wells. Means infected cells per field and standard errors of the mean will be calculated for each well. Meins and standard errors will also be calculated for each treatment by pooling the wells nested within each 38 203200 treatment together. The mean infected cells per field for each treatment will be compared with control using Dunnets' multiple comparison test regardless of overall F-test for treatment (See below).

Ccntrol Treatment 1 Well 1 Well 2 Well 3 Wall 1 Well 2 Well F 11* F 12 F 13 F' 11 F" 12 F' 13 F 21 F 22 " F 23 F*. 21 F'. 22 F1 23 F 31 F 32 F 33 F' 31 Ff 32 F' 33 + S2-j *2 i SS2 X3 ± SS3 Xi±SEi _ f _ 1 A3 - ' Pooled ^ = £SC . Sj iS n = 9 n = 9 * Fll represents field # I '3 F. Preparation of Euman peripheral 31ood Lymphocytes (EPS A. Preparation of Ficoll-Hvpaaue Separation Medium 1. Twenty-two and a half grams of Ficoll 400 (Pharmacia, M.W. =400,000) are dissolved in 200 ml of distilled H20. When most of the material is in solution, the volume is then adjusted to 250 ml with distilled H2O. 2. Thirty-four grams of Eypaque (sodium diatrizoate, Sterling Organics, M.W. =636) are dissolved in 100 ml distilled E2O. 3. Solutions are then sterile filtered thorugh a 0.45p miilipore filter and stored in- sterile containers at 4°C away from light. 39 20320 4. Working solutions are prepared by mixing 10 ml Eypacue solution with 24 ml Ficoll solution. The mixture is warmed to 25°C with constant stirring.

B. Separation of P5L's from Whole 31ood 1. Euman blood samples are obtained bv veinipuncture into heparinized 20 ml-vacutainer tubes. Fifteen to twenty ml of the undiluted blood is gently layered over an equal volume of Ficoll-Eypaque solution in sterile 50 ml polycarbonate centrifuge tubes using aseptic techniques. . 2. • Prepared samples are centrifuged at ■ 25°C, 400 x g for 30 mins. The fuzzy white band at the interface is asepticallv aspirated into a 50 ml sterile centrifuge tube with 10-20 ml F*PMI-1540. The cells are washed once at 25°C. 400 x g for 10 mins. at 25 °C. 3. Pelleted PEL'S are resuspenaed in 1 ml RPMI for every 8 ml whole blood originally used and counted with .a Coulter counter. Concentration is adjusted with RPHI-1540 supplemented with glutamine and antibiotics. The cells are held at room temperatue until used.

G. Stimulation of EPBL with PEA and LPS 1. Ten to 40 ml of whole blood is drawn i from healthy volunteers in heparinized tubes. 2. Lymphocytes are separated from the above blood using Ficoll-hypaque separation techniques. 3. Various concentration of test compound are prepared in RPMI-1640. i 4. The concentration of lymphocytes are adjusted to 2 x 10®/ml of RPMI-1640.

. Lymphocytes are incubated with test compound for 9 0 minutes at 37°C. 40 203200 6. Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC.s) (one to two weeks old) are washed 3 .times with PBS and diluted to a final concentration of 0.5% inj RPMI-1640. 7. Reaction tubes are set up containing the following: 0.2 ml lymphocytes (2 x 10°) 0.2 ml 9% Ficoll in RPMI-1640 0.2 ml SRBC's (0.5% in RPMI-1640) 8. The above reactants are centrifuged at 200 x g for 5 minutes at room temperature. 9. The sediment is then gently resuspended and a 10 1 sample placed in a hemocytometer.

. The number of rosettes are then counted using a microscope with any lymphocyte having 3 or more attached red cells being counted as a rosette.

E. E-rosette Forming Cells A. .Preparation of Mitogens 1. Lipopolysaccharice B or Phytohemacglu-tinin P powder is weighed and dissolved in RPMI-1640 at a concentration of ICQOyg/ml (1 mg/ml) and filter sterilised through a 0.45}i millipore filter. 2. Solutions are aliquotted (1 ml/tube) asceptically into labelled.sterile crvotubes and' frozen. Samples are not refrczen after partial use, but may be stored for a day or two at 4°C.

Lyophilized powder is kept refrigerated at 4°C.

B. Preparation of Cultures 1. PBL's are prepared as in:SOP #1-004 in serum-free RPMI-1640 supplemented with'glutamine and 30 antibiotic - antimycotic solution (GIBCO). One tenth ml per well is added to each well of 96-well microtest 2 032 0 41 culture plates (CoStar Plastics) with 3-channel automatic micropipettors (Flow Labs.) fitted with sterile tips. 2. Mitogen solutions are thawed rapidly .and 5 diluted to 4 times the desired concentration with RPMI-16 40. 3. Test compounds are prepared for use as per SOP #C-002, using RPMI-1640 as diluent, and diluted to 4 times the final desired concentration. '10 4. Fifty Ul of each dilution of mitogen and/or test compound is added to 6 replicate cultures. Plain RPMI-1640 is used in the same amounts in control cultures for- a total volume of 0.2 ml/well.

. Cultures are incubated at 37°C in a 15 humidified 95% air, 5% C02 atmosphere (pE =6.0 - 7.0) for 43 hours. The cells are then labelled with 0.5y Ci/well 3E-TdR (Thymidine) for an additional 13 hours. the cells are harvested with a multiple automatic sample harvester (M-A.S.H.) machine. Non-20 adherent cells are aspirated onto glass fiber filter strips with 0.9% saline solution (10 well flushes) and the cells lysed with distilled water (20 well flushes) The strips are thoroughly air dried, residual cell deposits cut from the strips and each 25 sample placed in 1 dram glass scintillation vials.

Scintillation fluid concentrate (Scintiprep 1, Fisher Chemicals) is diluted 1:50 with scintillation grade toluene (Packard) and 1 ml added to each vial.

Samples are evaluated by liquid scintillation 30 - spectroscopy and the data expressed as the mean counts per minute per test group. 203200 I. Immunoplacque Assay A. Preparation of NPT 5392 1. A solution containing 500 ug/ml NPT 15392 is prepared by adding a preweigfced amount of the drug powder to sterile PBS and sonicating the solution for 30 minutes. ' 2. The wavelength of GCA/McPherson double beam spectrophotometer is set to 250 run. 3. The NPT 1539 2 is diluted 1:10 to 0.1 . normal EC1. 4. Fifteen ml of 0.1 normal EC1 is poured into beaker. This solution is used to rinse cuvettes. Both cuvettes are filled with 0.1 normal HC1 and the wavelength is read. Abscrbance should be within 0.001-0.005 from the zeroed value.

. The sample cuvette is emptied and the diluted drug solution is added. 6. Absorbance is recorded and concentration is calculated as follows: Formula: A (absorbance) X Dilution factor X Atomic weight 11.31 (273) = g/ml B. Prior to Day 0 1. NPT 15392 drug solution is made by dissolving 500 g NPT 15392 per ml PES. 2. The concentration is checked according to section A of this SOP. 3. The stock is alicuotted into 1 ml samples and stored at -20°C for several months. 4. Solutions are thawed and dilutee to desired concentration. 43 203200 C. Agarose Base Plates are Made as Follows: 1. A 1.4% suspension of agarose in PBS (7 g in 500 ml) is autoclaved for 15 min. 0 2. Using a Cornwell syringe, 3 ml volumes 5 of molten agarose are aseptically dispensed into Falcon #1006 petri dishes and swirled to form an even layer. 3. These plates may be stored up to one week at ,4°C prior to use. The plates are stored in an -0 inverted position (agar on top of plate).

D. Preparation of Guinea Pic Serum 1. Ten ml of blood is removed by cardiac puncture from. two. to six guinea pigs and placed in a I- . 50 ml Falcon #2070 centrifuge tube without anticoagulants. 2. These tubes are incubated for 45 min. at 37°C for clot formation. .3. Tubes are then removed from incubator 20 and put on ice for 30 min. to retract the clot. 4. The serum is aseptically poured off each tube, pooled, dispensed into 1 ml aliquots and stored at -70°C until used.

E. Immunization, Day 0 1. blood (sheep Labs. It is Alseviers to 30 2.

Alseviers is IEC clinical min. at room Mice are immunized as follows: sheep #23) is received weekly from Eyland aseptically collected in two volumes of one volume of blood.

Five-tenths ml of the sheep blood in washed three times in sterile PBS in an centrifuge, setting #4 (2800 rpm)- for 10 temperature. ^ & i' 203200 AA 3. .The pellet is resuspenaed in 1:10 in sterile P3S. 4. A model Z Coulter counter is calibrated according to Coulter Instruction Manual.

. A 1:10,000 dilution is needed for a Coulter counter cell count and is obtained bv first making a 1:100 dilution in PBS and then diluting this solution 1:10 in isoton. The Coulter counter threshold is adjusted to setting #5. 6. The cell count is determined and the stock solution is diluted to 4 x 10^ cells/ml.. This final suspension is- used for immunization. 7. Each mouse is immunized by i.v. injection into the lateral tail vein (warmed in a 50°C water bath for veinous dilation) with 0.1 ml SRBC suspension; the final concentration of SRSC1s is 4 x 10^ per mouse.

F. Treatment 1. Mice are treated by i.p. injection on days 0, 1, 2 and 3. A syringe (1 cc) is fitted with a one-half inch, 26 gauge needle. The needle is introduced at a 45° .angle along ' the right side of the linea alba. A 0.2 ml volume is given to both drug and control treated groups. 2. Drug groups are given 0.2 ml of a desired concentration NPT 15392 solution which, for a 20 g mouse, is 5 yg/ml.

G. Soleen Preparation, Day 4 1. Spleens are removed aseptically and placed individually in Falcon #2025 tissue culture tubes containing 3 ml MEM. . The tubes are then stored on ice. 203200 45 2. Spleens are homogenized in the same tube with a teflon pestle attached to a G.K. Heller variable speed reversible motor connected with a G.K. Heller GT-21 motor controller setting #6. 3. The homogenization time ana action should be uniform from sample to sample. 4. Samples are then filtered through a 100 mesh 40 micron stainless steel screen into a standard tissue culture tube. The screen is rinsed with 3 ml MZM and the cell suspension is stored on ice.

. A 1:1000 dilution is made for a Coulter counter cell count and is obtained bv first making a 1:100 dilution in PBS followed by a 1:10 dilution in isoton. 6. The cell count is obtained and the stock 7 suspension is diluted to 1 x 10 cells/ml. The Coulter counter threshold is set at 10. Red cells are lysed with three drops of Zap isoton.

E. Preparation of Top Aaar (0.7%) 1. Thirty-five hundredths gram agarose and 0.53 gram MEM powder are placed into an Erlenmeyer flask. Fifty ml of distilled H20 is then added to the flask. '2. The solution is autoclaved for 15 min. at 250°F and 15-psi. It is then placed in a 45° water bath for 5 min. The pH is adjusted to approximately 7.2 by the addition of sodium bicarbonate (0.1 ml Na2C03). 3. One ml aliquots are dispensed into 5 ml tissue culture tubes previously placed in a water bath. Allow several extra tubes for replacement incase of plating error. 46 203200 I. Preparation of 10% SR3C Solution 1. Five ml sheep blood (same batch as used for immunization) is washed three times in PBS using an ISC Clinical Standard Centrifuge, speed #4 (2800 rpm) for 10 min. 2. After the third wash, the cells are > resuspended in a volume of PBS ten times the volume of the packed cells, i.e., 0.5 ml of packed SRBC's, Q.S to 5 ml with PBS.

J. Plating Agar plates are removed from refrigerator and allowed to warm to room temperature. They are labeled in triplicate for each experimental group. 2. Agar-filled tubes are removed from the water bath. One-tenth of the 10% SRBC's and 0.1 ml spleen cell suspension are added to each agar tube. The tubes are agitated on a Vortex mixer. 3. The contents of the tubes are poured immediately into agar base plates and swirled until a smooth layer is formed. The plates' are placed on a level surface until the agar solidifies. 4- The plates are.-incubated at 37 °G in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 ana 95% air for 90 min. . _ " . Guinea pig complement (see preparation, section D) is removed from freezer, thawed at room temperature and diluted 1:10 in PBS. 6. Plates are removed from incubator and 1 ml of the diluted complement is added to each plate. 7. Plates are then incubated another 30-45 minutes at 37°C. Plates are then removed from incubator ana counted using oblique light. 8. Plates can be stored at 4°C in an inverted position and counted up to 24 hours later. 203200 47 Summary of Therapeutic Uses in the Working Examples The subject compounds used in the method of this invention have been shovm to inhibit the replication of a representative sample of RNA viruses using standard tissue culture techniques. In the case of the RNA viruses, influenza virus belonging to the A sub-type was shown to be inhibited, using the hemadsorption technique. Several members of the Series NPT 15457 ana NPT 15458 were shown to inhibit the replication of influenza virus at concentrations ranging from 3.6 -360 n moles/ml.

Other members of the RNA class of viruses are shown in Table 6' and are responsible for the diseases specified. Of all the .diseases in the world, at least 25%.are known to be caused by viruses. In addition,- a number of viruses have been isolated that are shown to produce tumors. Thus, antiviral agents may be expected to, themselves, have some antitumor, e.g., antileukemic properties.

The activity cf one of these agents, NPT 15453 as inhibitors - of the growth of abnormal lymphocytes has been determined. Notably, NPT 15458 is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of mouse leukemic lymphocytes "(an L-1210 cell line) in tissue culture. A 40% inhibition of L-1210 cells was effected by NPT 154 58 at 10 ug/ml.

Finally, the data presented in Table 3 demonstrate that at normal body pH's (7.2) the compounds have good chemical stability but are cleaved to the "active" substance NPT 15392 at alkaline pH. As noted in Table 9 the esters, specially NPT 15458, are cleved by incubation with animal tissues to NPT 15392. This presumably is why the subject compounds, "pro-drugs" have their indicated biological 2032 0 activity. In addition, the data presented in Table 10 clearly demonstrates that at least 12 fold higher blood levels of NPT 15392, the biologicallv "active" substance, are produced when NPT 15458 is injected i.p. than.when NPT 15392 itself, is administered to mice. Further as can be noted in Table 9 Vero Cells (kidney), Liver, and EP3L all cleave the "pro-host" to the.biologically active NPT 15392.

The class of substances of the invention specifically inhibit the replication of viruses, modulate (potentiate or inhibit) the immune response and inhibit the growth of leukemic lymphocytes. Based on in vitro experiments and the higher blood levels achieved with these compounds compared to NPT 15392, which demonstrate activity over a concentration range of 0.01 - 100 yg/ml, expected dose ranges effective- in mammals are 0.0005 - 50 mg/kg.

IT o ^ r-» ~r W A. 1UW W O. W fc * ^2 The compounds cf the parent invention can be fed to a mammal at' a dosage of 1 - 1000 mg/kg of body weight and can be anticipated to be active at levels as low as 0.0005 mg/kg.

They may be administered in tablet or capsule form to humans and animals and where solubility permits in the form an aqueous syrups, or as solutions in oil, or where insoluble as a suspension. Typical pharmaceutical formulations are described below: Capsule: NPT 15458 0.1 - 500 mg Avicel pE 101 to make 800 mc. (microcrvstalline cellulose) 2 032 49 Suspension Aqueous suspensions can be made with a number of suspending agents incorporated with the active drug substances. Included as suspending agents are such substances as sodium carboxymethvlcellulose, Na alginate, tragacanth, Avicel RC-591 (micrccrvstalline cellulose), methylcellulose,' Veegum, Xanthan gam. In addition to a suspending agent such substances as sweeteners, flavors-, colorants, preservatives, protective colloids, and dispersants may be added.

SYRUP FORMULATION ±=> NPT 15458 Corn Sugar Distilled Water FD and C Red 40 Sodium Saccharin Alcohol U.S.P.

Methyl Paraben U.S.? Glycerin Cherry Flavor Fruit Flavor Distilled Water g.s.aa 0.05-250 mg (or at a maximum level of solubility) 3.25 g .05 g .00175 g .00250 g .08 g .005 g .001 g _ .31225 g .00825 g 5 ml TABLET FORMULATION NPT 15458 Avicel pH 101 Starch, modified Magnesium stearate U.S.P. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stearic acid U.S.P. 0.1-500 mg 13 0 mg 20 mg .5 mg 22. mg 30 mg "Xoyi&o 50

Claims (2)

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1- A.method of imparting immunomodulating activity, or antiviral activity^&£: antitumor activity comprising administering to a mammal excluding a human an effective amount for such purpose of a compound of the formula: OH CH CH- 1 2 where R is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R is the ester group of a carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, or nitric acid or is a glycoside residue or acetaldehyde hemiacetal residue.

2. A method of imparting immunomodulating activity, antiviral activity or antitumor activity comprising administering to a mammal excluding a human an effective amount for such purpose of a compound of the formula: j&P* i C;i;CH CH-;JI'di.Zoo;51;1 2;where R is n-hexyl, and R is as defined in claim 1.—;2;has the formula of claim 2, where R is the ester of acetic;3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the compound has ti acid.;4. A method according to claim 2 wherein the compound has the formuL succinic acid.;2;has the formula of claim 2, where R is the hemiester of;5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the compound is used in an amount to impart immunoinhibiting activity.;6. A method according to any one of claims 1-4 wherein the compound is used in an amount to impart immunomodulating activity.;7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the compound is used in an amount to impart immunostimulating activity.;8. A method according to any one of claims 1-4 wherein the compound is used in an amount to impart antiviral activity.;9. A method according to any one of claims 1-4 wherein the compound is administered to a mammal having leukemia.;10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims substantially as herein described.;/•"-aQ-A.-y;By tfiS/thelr authorised Agents.* A. J. PARK & SON. fer