NO864483L - MATERIALS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE USE AND INHIBITIVE PROPERTY ABOVE TREMOSTEN-SIMILAR DEgradation. - Google Patents
MATERIALS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE USE AND INHIBITIVE PROPERTY ABOVE TREMOSTEN-SIMILAR DEgradation.Info
- Publication number
- NO864483L NO864483L NO864483A NO864483A NO864483L NO 864483 L NO864483 L NO 864483L NO 864483 A NO864483 A NO 864483A NO 864483 A NO864483 A NO 864483A NO 864483 L NO864483 L NO 864483L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- oligomer
- ethylene
- olefin
- means according
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLZJUIZVJLSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylidenebutanoyloxy)ethyl 2-methylidenebutanoate Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(=C)CC QLZJUIZVJLSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000292 Polyquinoline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005572 Syzygium cordatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006650 Syzygium cordatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011797 cavity material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000891 common polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011981 development test Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyacetone Chemical compound OCC(=O)CO RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSIQSMXODVNUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;2-methylprop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC(C)=C PSIQSMXODVNUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl formate Chemical compound C=COC=O GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005042 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006225 ethylene-methyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005043 ethylene-methyl acrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004889 linear high-density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-diene Chemical compound C=CCC=C QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C=C ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003340 retarding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
- H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår et nytt materiale som forsinker tre-mønsterlignende utvikling og som omfatter en oligomercopolymer kombinert med en polymerkomponent anvendt som isolasjonsmateriale over en elektrisk leder. The invention relates to a new material which delays wood pattern-like development and which comprises an oligomer copolymer combined with a polymer component used as an insulating material over an electrical conductor.
Tap av elektrisk isolerende egenskaper i polymere dielektriske materialer kan tilskrives en rekke faktorer, Loss of electrically insulating properties in polymeric dielectric materials can be attributed to a number of factors,
og en av disse gir seg til kjenne ved et fenomen som er kjent som "treeing" (tremønster). Det finnes i alminnelighet tre årsaker til tremønsterdannelse, og én av disse er inn-siging av vann i det dielektriske materiale. En annen årsak er elektriske overbelastninger,0g en tredje er forurensning med fremmedmateriale, metallpartikler eller hulrom. Disse blir betegnet henholdsvis som vanntremønsterdannelse, elektrisk tremønsterdannelse og elektrokjemisk tremønster-dannelse. Tremønsterdannelse forårsakes av en nedbrytning av det polymere dielektriske materiale, og efterhvert som ned-brytningen fortsetter, forplanter den synlige beskadigelse av det dielektriske materiale seg også gjennom det dielektriske materiale langs en bane som ligner på et tre. Tre-mønsterdannelse er som regel en langsom type av svikt, og det kan ta flere år før en eventuell nedbrytning av polymermaterialet finner sted i et slikt omfang at dette ikke lenger kan anvendes som elektrisk isolator. and one of these manifests itself in a phenomenon known as "treeing" (tree pattern). There are generally three reasons for wood pattern formation, and one of these is the ingress of water into the dielectric material. Another cause is electrical overloads, and a third is contamination with foreign material, metal particles or cavities. These are referred to respectively as water wood pattern formation, electrical wood pattern formation and electrochemical wood pattern formation. Wood patterning is caused by a breakdown of the polymeric dielectric material, and as the breakdown continues, the visible damage to the dielectric material also propagates through the dielectric material along a path similar to a tree. Wood pattern formation is usually a slow type of failure, and it can take several years before any degradation of the polymer material takes place to such an extent that it can no longer be used as an electrical insulator.
Forskjellige tilsetningsmidler er beskrevet innen teknikkens stand og som når de tilsettes til polymere dielektriske materialer, danner et middel som virker retarderende overfor tremønsterdannelse. I US Patent 4144202 er visse organiske silanforbindelser beskrevet som vil hemme tremønsterdannelse som følge av vanninntrengning i ethylen-polymerer, mens i US Patent 4206620 anvendelse av en alkhool med 6-24 carbonatomer er beskrevet som bidrar til at Various additives are described within the state of the art and which, when added to polymeric dielectric materials, form an agent which has a retarding effect on wood pattern formation. In US Patent 4144202 certain organic silane compounds are described which will inhibit wood pattern formation as a result of water penetration into ethylene polymers, while in US Patent 4206620 the use of an alcohol with 6-24 carbon atoms is described which contributes to
-materialer anvendt som isolasjon for høyspenningskraft-kabler får motstand mot elektrisk trevekst. Såvel i det førstnevnte US patent som i det sistnevnte US patent fore-kommer enkelt detaljer hva gjelder å beskrive tremønster-dannelse som følge av vannpåvirkning og tremønsterdannelses-problemer som følge av elektrisk påvirkning i polymermaterialer, og en rekke patenter er referert til hvori forsøk er -materials used as insulation for high-voltage power cables gain resistance to electrical wood growth. Both in the first-mentioned US patent and in the latter-mentioned US patent, there are simple details in terms of describing wood pattern formation as a result of the influence of water and wood pattern formation problems as a result of electrical influence in polymer materials, and a number of patents are referred to in which attempts are
beskrevet på å overvinne dette problem, i tillegg til egnede polymerer som anvendes som dielektriske materialer, tilsetningsmidler og metoder for å innarbeide de tremønsterhemmende midler i det polymere dielektriske materiale og fremstilling av belegg på elektriske ledere. described to overcome this problem, in addition to suitable polymers used as dielectric materials, additives and methods for incorporating the wood pattern inhibiting agents in the polymeric dielectric material and producing coatings on electrical conductors.
I US Patent 4499013 er visse fettsyrer, estere og alkoholderivater beskrevet som er anvendbare som forbindelser som gir motstand overfor elektrisk tremønsterdannelse og tre-mønsterdannelse som følge av påvirkning av vann i polymere materialer, mens det i US Patent 4548865 er beskrevet forskjellige silanforbindelser som er anvendbare som tilsetningsmidler for polymermaterialer for å retardere utvikling av tre-mønsterdannelse som følge av påvirkning av vann og elek-trisitet. I US Patent 4536530 er organofos forforbindelser beskrevet som er anvendbare som tilsetningsmidler til polymere materialer for å hindre tremønsterdannelse som følge av påvirkning^ av vann. In US Patent 4499013 certain fatty acids, esters and alcohol derivatives are described which are useful as compounds which provide resistance to electrical wood-patterning and water-induced wood-patterning in polymeric materials, while in US Patent 4548865 various silane compounds are described which are useful as additives for polymer materials to retard the development of wood pattern formation as a result of the influence of water and electricity. In US Patent 4536530, organophos precursor compounds are described which are useful as additives to polymeric materials to prevent wood pattern formation as a result of the influence of water.
Otan.i og medarbeidere (Wire Association Meeting, Nov. 1984, Baltimore, MD.)/Development of Material for the Very High Performance XLPE Cables, s. 68-77, beskriver visse ikke identifiserte ethylencopolymerer som er inn-arbeidet i tverrbundet polyethylen som tilsetningsmiddel for å redusere tremønsterdannelse på grunn av vann, mens det i US Patent 3929724 er beskrevet fremstilling av et tverr-bindingsbart polyethylenmateriale med forbedret eldnings-egenskap oppnådd ved først å dispergere antioxydasjonsmidler i en ethylenvinylacetatcopolymer som derefter blandes med polyethylenet. Otan.i et al. (Wire Association Meeting, Nov. 1984, Baltimore, MD.)/Development of Material for the Very High Performance XLPE Cables, pp. 68-77, describe certain unidentified ethylene copolymers incorporated into crosslinked polyethylene as an additive to reduce wood pattern formation due to water, while US Patent 3929724 describes the production of a cross-linkable polyethylene material with improved aging properties achieved by first dispersing antioxidants in an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer which is then mixed with the polyethylene.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår et middel som virker retarderende overfor tremønsterdannelse og som omfatter en oligomercopolymer av minst ett cc-olefin med opp til 8 carbonatomer og minst en a-umettet ester med opp til 10 carbonatomer, idet oligomeren har et viskositetsområde, angitt The present invention relates to an agent which acts as a retarder against wood pattern formation and which comprises an oligomer copolymer of at least one cc-olefin with up to 8 carbon atoms and at least one α-unsaturated ester with up to 10 carbon atoms, the oligomer having a viscosity range, indicated
ved Brookfield viskositet, av fra 100 eps ved ca. 140°C og opp til en smelteindeks av 500 ifølge metoden i henhold til "ASTM D 12 3 8 Condition A". at Brookfield viscosity, off from 100 eps at approx. 140°C and up to a melt index of 500 according to the method according to "ASTM D 12 3 8 Condition A".
Brookfield-viskositeter måles med et Brookfield-viskosimeter av model RVT med tilfestet termocelle og under anvendelse av en spindel nr. SC 4-18 og en hastighet som er avhengig av viskositeten, som angitt i Tabell II. Brookfield viscosities are measured with a model RVT Brookfield viscometer with attached thermocell and using a No. SC 4-18 spindle and a velocity dependent on the viscosity as indicated in Table II.
Oligomeren kombineres med polymermateriale anvendt som isolasjonsmateriale for elektriske ledere. The oligomer is combined with polymer material used as insulating material for electrical conductors.
Oppfinnelsen angår også en fremgangsmåte for å frem-stille et tremønsterutviklingshemmende middel ved å kombinere den ovennevnte oligomercopolymer med et polymermateriale. The invention also relates to a method for producing a wood pattern development inhibiting agent by combining the above-mentioned oligomer copolymer with a polymer material.
Som angitt ovenfor er tremønsterutviklingsretarderende midler kjente innen den angjeldende teknikk og anvendes sammen med polymere dielektriske materialer for å hindre eller redusere tremønsterutvkling til et minimum, f.eks. vannpåvirket tremønsterutvikling og/eller elektrisk påvirket tremønsterutvikling. As indicated above, wood patterning retardants are known in the art and are used in conjunction with polymeric dielectric materials to prevent or minimize wood patterning, e.g. water-influenced wood pattern development and/or electrically influenced wood pattern development.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår også et tremønster-utviklingsretarderende middel som omfatter en. oligomercopolymer med minst ett oc-olefin med opp til 8 carbonatomer og minst én oc-umettet ester med opp til 10 carbonatomer og et polymermateriale. The present invention also relates to a wood pattern development retarding agent comprising a. oligomeric copolymer with at least one oc-olefin of up to 8 carbon atoms and at least one oc-unsaturated ester of up to 10 carbon atoms and a polymer material.
Selv om betegnelsen copolymer av og til er blitt anvendt for å angi bare slike polymerer hvori to monomerer er polymerisert med hverandreskal som anvendt i den foreliggende beskrivelse og de foreliggende patentkrav betegnelsen "copolymei" angi polymerer basert på to eller flere monomerer og anvendes generelt for å beskrive slike polymermaterialer som er basert på 2, 3, 4 eller flere monomerer som poly-meriseres til et enkelt polymert materiale. De forskjellige copolymerer som anvendes i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse, kan være vilkårlige copolymerer, podningscopoly-merer, blokkopolymerer eller stjernecopolymerer, og alle slike er kjente innen den angjeldende teknikk. Although the term copolymer has occasionally been used to denote only such polymers in which two monomers are polymerized with each other, as used in the present description and the present patent claims the term "copolyme" shall denote polymers based on two or more monomers and is generally used to describe such polymer materials which are based on 2, 3, 4 or more monomers which are polymerized into a single polymeric material. The various copolymers used according to the present invention can be random copolymers, graft copolymers, block copolymers or star copolymers, and all such are known in the relevant art.
Copolymerens oc-olefinkomponent kan, som tidligere angitt, ha opp til 8 carbonatomer, og med dette er det ment at et hvilket som helst oc-olefin, uaktet om dette er ali-fatisk eller et olefin med forgrenet kjede, med 2-8 carbonatomer kan anvendes, som ethylen, propylen, isobutylen, 1-penten, 1-hexen, 1-hepten, 1-octen eller et lignende olefin eller de forskjellige strukturisomerer av disse eller blandinger derav. Den foretrukne oc-olef inkomponent er ethylen eller propylen eller blandinger derav, og den foretrukne ct-olefinkomponent kan valgfritt inneholde et oc-olefin med fra 4 til 8 carbonatomer. The oc-olefin component of the copolymer may, as previously indicated, have up to 8 carbon atoms, and by this is meant any oc-olefin, regardless of whether it is aliphatic or a branched-chain olefin, of 2-8 carbon atoms can be used, such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene or a similar olefin or the various structural isomers of these or mixtures thereof. The preferred oc-olefin component is ethylene or propylene or mixtures thereof, and the preferred ct-olefin component may optionally contain an oc-olefin of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
De forskjellige cc-umettede estere som kan anvendes, kan, som angitt ovenfor,ha opptil 10, carbonatomer og omfatter de forskjellige vinylestere, acrylestere eller ekvivalenter derav som er kjente innen den angjeldende teknikk. Vinylestere som kan anvendes for det foreliggende formål omfatter vinylacetat, vinylformiat, vinylpropionat eller vinyl-butyrat etc. De forskjellige acrylestere omfatter forskjellige estere av acrylsyre, methacrylsyre eller ethacryl-syre etc, som ethylacrylat, ethylmethacrylat, methylacrylat, methylmethacrylat, n-butylacrylat, n-butylethacrylat, n-butylmethacrylat, n-pentylacrylat, n-pentylethacrylat, n-hexylacrylat, n-hexylethacrylat, n-hexylmethacrylat eller de forskjellige isomerer derav såvel som forskjellige ekvivalenter derav eller blandinger derav som er kjente innen det angjeldende tekniske område. The various cc-unsaturated esters that can be used can, as stated above, have up to 10 carbon atoms and include the various vinyl esters, acrylic esters or equivalents thereof known in the relevant art. Vinyl esters which can be used for the present purpose include vinyl acetate, vinyl formate, vinyl propionate or vinyl butyrate etc. The different acrylic esters include different esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or ethacrylic acid etc, such as ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n -butyl ethacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate or the various isomers thereof as well as various equivalents thereof or mixtures thereof which are known in the relevant technical field.
Den cc-umettede ester som anvendes i oligomeren, er tilstede i en mengde av 10-90, spesielt 30-80, vekt%. The cc-unsaturated ester used in the oligomer is present in an amount of 10-90, especially 30-80,% by weight.
Forskjellige oligomerer som kan anvendes for dette formål omfatter ethylenvinylacetatcopolymerer med 10-90, spesielt 30-80, vekt% vinylacetat. En spesielt egnet oligomer for dette formål omfatter en ethylenvinylacetat-oligomer med 40 vekt% vinylacetat og en viskositet av ca. 800 eps ved 140°C målt med et Brookfield-viskosimeter, model RVT, med tilfestet termocelle og ved 3 omdreininger pr. minutt (rpm) under anvendelse av en spindel nr. DC 4-18. Various oligomers that can be used for this purpose include ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers with 10-90, especially 30-80, wt% vinyl acetate. A particularly suitable oligomer for this purpose comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate oligomer with 40% by weight of vinyl acetate and a viscosity of approx. 800 eps at 140°C measured with a Brookfield viscometer, model RVT, with attached thermocell and at 3 revolutions per minute (rpm) using a No. DC 4-18 spindle.
Oligomerer av ethylen og n-butylacrylat kan også anvendes hvori n-butylacrylatet varierer fra 10 til 90 vekt%, spesielt fra 25 til 75 vekt%. Oligomers of ethylene and n-butyl acrylate can also be used in which the n-butyl acrylate varies from 10 to 90% by weight, especially from 25 to 75% by weight.
Terpolymeroligomerer av isobutylenethylen og en cc-umettet ester, som vinylacetat eller n-butylacrylat, er også egnede hvor isobutylenet i polymeren er 0,5-10, spesielt 1-5, vekt%. Området for den oc-umettede ester som anvendes i terpolymeren, er 1-50, spesielt 10-40, vekt%. Terpolymer oligomers of isobutylene ethylene and a cc-unsaturated ester, such as vinyl acetate or n-butyl acrylate, are also suitable where the isobutylene in the polymer is 0.5-10, especially 1-5,% by weight. The range for the α-unsaturated ester used in the terpolymer is 1-50, especially 10-40, wt%.
Synergistiske resultater fås hva gjelder å redusere til et minimum eller å eliminere vannpåvirket tremønster- dannelse og /eller elektrisk påvirket tremønsterdannelse med forskjellige ethylenpropylengummier (EPR) når gummiene tilsettes til oligomerpolymerkomponenten i en mengde av ca. 5 vekt% av den samlede blanding eller derunder, og spesielt i en mengde av 1-5, spesielt 2-4, vekt% av den samlede blanding, dvs. oligomer, polymerkomponent og EPR. Synergistic results are obtained in terms of reducing to a minimum or eliminating water-induced wood pattern formation and/or electrically affected wood pattern formation with different ethylene propylene rubbers (EPR) when the rubbers are added to the oligomer polymer component in an amount of approx. 5% by weight of the overall mixture or less, and especially in an amount of 1-5, especially 2-4,% by weight of the overall mixture, i.e. oligomer, polymer component and EPR.
EPR-materialene omfatter i dette henseende slike som inneholder 40-80 vekt% ethylen og resten propylen, og spesielt slike som inneholder 50-75% ethylen og resten propylen, på vektbasis. De i denne forbindelse anvendte EPR-gummier har en Mooney-viskositet (127°C) av fra 10 til 70, spesielt fra 15 til 45. Spesielt egnede EPR-gummier omfatter slike som har et ethyleninnhold av ca. 65 vekt% In this respect, the EPR materials include those which contain 40-80% by weight ethylene and the rest propylene, and especially those which contain 50-75% ethylene and the rest propylene, on a weight basis. The EPR rubbers used in this connection have a Mooney viscosity (127°C) of from 10 to 70, especially from 15 to 45. Particularly suitable EPR rubbers include those that have an ethylene content of approx. 65% by weight
og resten propylen, og en Mooney-viskositet (127°C) av ca. 20. EPR anvendes i denne forbindelse når polymermaterialet i blandingen ikke er et EPR-materiale. and the rest propylene, and a Mooney viscosity (127°C) of approx. 20. EPR is used in this connection when the polymer material in the mixture is not an EPR material.
Oligomeren anvendes sammen med en polymerkomponent, idet oligomeren er kombinert med polymerkomponenten under dannelse av et materiale slik at den samlede mengde av a-umettet ester i materialet er 0,2-5, spesielt 0,5-1,7, vekt%, idet det er spesielt foretrukket at mengden av a-umettet ester i materialet ikke er større enn den mengde som er nødvendig for å opprettholde tilfredsstillende elektriske egenskaper for materialet. The oligomer is used together with a polymer component, the oligomer being combined with the polymer component to form a material such that the total amount of α-unsaturated ester in the material is 0.2-5, especially 0.5-1.7, wt%, it is particularly preferred that the amount of α-unsaturated ester in the material is not greater than the amount necessary to maintain satisfactory electrical properties for the material.
Polymermaterialet som er egnet for anvendelse i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse, innbefatter generelt en hvilken som helst normalt fast, syntetisk, organisk termoplastisk polymerharpiks. Innbefattet blant disse er polyolefiner og copolymerer derav, vinyler, olefin-vinylcopolymerer, olefin-allylcopolymerer, polyamider, acryler, polystyrener, cellulosepolymerer, polyestere eller fluor-carboner. The polymer material suitable for use in accordance with the present invention generally includes any normally solid, synthetic, organic thermoplastic polymer resin. Included among these are polyolefins and copolymers thereof, vinyls, olefin-vinyl copolymers, olefin-allyl copolymers, polyamides, acrylics, polystyrenes, cellulose polymers, polyesters or fluorocarbons.
Polyolefinene innbefatter normalt faste polymerer av olefiner, spesielt mono-oc-olefiner, som omfatter 2-6 carbonatomer, f.eks. polyethylen, polypropylen, polybuten, poly-isobutylen eller poly(4-methylpenten) etc. Foretrukne polyolefiner er polyethylen og polypropylen. Polyethylen er spesielt foretrukket. Spesielle polyethylener innbefat ter lineært polyethylen med lav densitet, polyethylen med høy densitet og polyethylen med lav densitet. Spesielt foretrukne polyethylener på grunn av deres påviste effektivitet er polyethylener med lav densitet, som NA310 som selges av National Distillers and Chemical Corporation. The polyolefins normally include solid polymers of olefins, especially mono-oc-olefins, comprising 2-6 carbon atoms, e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene or poly(4-methylpentene) etc. Preferred polyolefins are polyethylene and polypropylene. Polyethylene is particularly preferred. Specialty polyethylenes include linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and low density polyethylene. Particularly preferred polyethylenes because of their proven effectiveness are low density polyethylenes such as NA310 sold by National Distillers and Chemical Corporation.
Copolymerer av ethylen og andre forbindelser som er copolymeriserbare med ethylen, som buten-1, penten-1, styren eller lignende, kan anvendes. Copolymeren vil i alminnelighet omfatte ca. 50 vekt% ethylen eller derover. Andre copolymerer, som ethylen-propylengummi (EPR) og ethylen-propylen-dienmonomer (EDPM), tas det her også sikte på å anvende. Copolymers of ethylene and other compounds which are copolymerizable with ethylene, such as butene-1, pentene-1, styrene or the like, can be used. The copolymer will generally comprise approx. 50% by weight ethylene or more. Other copolymers, such as ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EDPM), are also intended to be used here.
Egnede vinylpolymerer innbefatter polyvinylklorid, polyvinylacetat, vinylklorid/vinylacetatcopolymerer, poly-vinylalkohol eller polyvinylacetal. Suitable vinyl polymers include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetal.
Egnede olefin-vinylcopolymerer innbefatter ethylen-vinylacetat, ethylen-vinylpropionat,ethylen-vinylisobutyrat, ethylen-vinylalkohol, ethylen-methylacrylat, ethylen-ethylacrylat eller ethylen-ethylmethacrylat etc. Ethylenet ut-gjør i alminnelighet minst 25 vekt% av copolymeren. Suitable olefin-vinyl copolymers include ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl propionate, ethylene-vinyl isobutyrate, ethylene-vinyl alcohol, ethylene-methylacrylate, ethylene-ethylacrylate or ethylene-ethylmethacrylate etc. The ethylene generally makes up at least 25% by weight of the copolymer.
Olefin-allylcopolymerer innbefatter ethylen-allylbenzen, ethylen-allylether eller ethylen-acrolein etc. Olefin-allyl copolymers include ethylene-allylbenzene, ethylene-allyl ether or ethylene-acrolein etc.
Dersom det er ønskelig å anvende et polymermateriale som kan tverrbindes, kan tverrbinding utføres ved hjelp av hvilke som helst av de kjente metoder, som ved anvendelse av kjemiske midler, innbefattende tverrbinding med peroxyd, ved høyenergibestråling under anvendelse av elektron-akselerator, gammastråler, røntgenstråler eller mikrobølger etc. De grunnleggende metoder for tverrbinding av polymerer er meget velkjente for fagfolk og behøver her ikke detaljert å beskrives. If it is desired to use a polymer material that can be cross-linked, cross-linking can be carried out using any of the known methods, such as by using chemical agents, including cross-linking with peroxide, by high-energy irradiation using an electron accelerator, gamma rays, X-rays or microwaves etc. The basic methods for cross-linking polymers are very well known to those skilled in the art and do not need to be described in detail here.
Vanlige tverbindingsmidler, som organiske peroxyder, kan egnet anvendes. Typiske fri-radikaldannere av organiske peroxyder innbefatter dicumylperoxyd, 2,5-bis(tert. butyl-peroxy)-2 , 5-dimethylhexan, di-t-butylperoxyd eller oc,a'-bis(t-butylperoxy)-diisopropylbenzen etc, som omtalt i US Patent nr. 3287312. Mengden av organisk peroxyd dersom et slikt anvendes, vil variere fra 0,5 til 5,0 vekt%, basert på materialets samlede vekt, eller 0,5-10 phr, for-trinnsvis 3-6 phr. Common tripping agents, such as organic peroxides, can be suitably used. Typical free-radical generators of organic peroxides include dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-bis(tert.butyl-peroxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, di-t-butyl peroxide or oc,a'-bis(t-butylperoxy)-diisopropylbenzene, etc. as discussed in US Patent No. 3287312. The amount of organic peroxide, if such is used, will vary from 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the material, or 0.5-10 phr, preferably 3- 6 Ph.D.
Andre retarderingsmidler mot tremønsterutvikling, Other retarders against wood pattern development,
som silaner, stannater, titanater eller fosforforbindelser etc, kan anvendes sammen med oligomeren i en mengde av 1-95 vekt% av oligomeren. Retarderingsmidlene mot tre-mønsterutvikling som kan anvendes sammen med de her beskrevne oligomerer, er mer fullstendig beskrevet i US such as silanes, stannates, titanates or phosphorus compounds etc., can be used together with the oligomer in an amount of 1-95% by weight of the oligomer. The retardants against tree pattern development that can be used with the oligomers described herein are more fully described in US
Patenter nr. 4299713, 4332957, 4400429, 4483954, 4514535 Patents No. 4299713, 4332957, 4400429, 4483954, 4514535
og 4536530. and 4536530.
Mindre mengder av andre tilsetningsmidler kan også anvendes i vanlige mengder for å oppnå de ønskede resultater. Vanlige antioxydasjonsmidler, som hindrede fenoler eller polykinoliner etc, kan anvendes. Andre bestanddeler som kan innarbeides, er mykningsmidler, farvestoffer, pigmenter, varme- og lysstabilisatorer eller antistatiske midler etc. Smaller amounts of other additives can also be used in normal amounts to achieve the desired results. Common antioxidants, such as hindered phenols or polyquinolines etc, can be used. Other ingredients that can be incorporated are softeners, dyes, pigments, heat and light stabilizers or antistatic agents etc.
Materialene ifølge oppfinnelsen er generelt ufylte polymermaterialer. Betegnelsen "ufylt" som her anvendt skal angi et materiale som inneholder under 10% av et vanlig polymerfyllstoff. For visse anvendelser og for å tilfreds-stille spesielle spesifikasjoner kan de her beskrevne ufylte materialer inneholde intet fyllstoff. Materialene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan derfor inneholde fra 0 til under 10% fyllstoff. Når polymeren, som ethylen-propylengummi (EPR) eller ethylen-propylen-dienmonomer (EPDM), anvendes, blir imidlertid 20-30% fyllstoffer generelt anvendt. Slike materialer skal også omfattes av den foreliggende oppfinnelse. Fyllstoffer, som mineralfyllætoffer, kan derfor anvendes i denne begrensede grad ved fremstilling av materialene ifølge oppfinnelsen, men i henhold til den spesielt foretrukne utførelsesform og for visse anvendelser inneholder disse materialer intet fyllstoff. The materials according to the invention are generally unfilled polymer materials. The term "unfilled" as used here shall indicate a material that contains less than 10% of a common polymer filler. For certain applications and to satisfy special specifications, the unfilled materials described here may contain no filler. The materials according to the invention can therefore contain from 0 to less than 10% filler. However, when the polymer, such as ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) or ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), is used, 20-30% fillers are generally used. Such materials shall also be covered by the present invention. Fillers, such as mineral fillers, can therefore be used to this limited extent in the production of the materials according to the invention, but according to the particularly preferred embodiment and for certain applications, these materials contain no filler.
Polymermaterialene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles ved å blande de forskjellige bestanddeler. Når den organiske forbindelse og polymerkomponenten blandes med hverandre for å danne de foreliggende materialer, blir den organiske forbindelse og polymerkomponenten homogent dispergert i hverandre. Blandingsrekkefølgen og den spesielt anvendte metode er ikke av avgjørende betydning, bortsett fra at fra det tidspunkt et eventuelt peroxyd tilsettes, skal tempera-turen holdes på under 130°C for å hindre en for tidlig herding av materialet. Denne forholdsregel er imidlertid vanlig innen den angjeldende teknikk. The polymer materials according to the invention can be produced by mixing the various components. When the organic compound and the polymer component are mixed together to form the present materials, the organic compound and the polymer component are homogeneously dispersed in each other. The mixing order and the particular method used are not of decisive importance, except that from the time any peroxide is added, the temperature must be kept below 130°C to prevent premature hardening of the material. However, this precaution is common in the relevant art.
Komponentene kan blandes ved anvendelse av en rekke forskjellige apparater, innbefattende flervalsemøller, skrue-møller, kontinuerlige blandeapparater,sammenblandings-ekstrudere eller Banbury-blandeapparater. The components can be mixed using a variety of different apparatus, including multi-roll mills, screw mills, continuous mixers, compounding extruders or Banbury mixers.
Efter at de er blitt ekstrudert på en tråd eller en kabel eller på et annet substrat, blir de tverrbindings-bare materialer vulkanisert ved forhøyet temperatur, f.eks. over 180°C, under anvendelse av vanlige vulkaniserings-metoder. After being extruded onto a wire or cable or onto another substrate, the crosslinkable materials are vulcanized at an elevated temperature, e.g. above 180°C, using normal vulcanization methods.
For å bestemme anvendbarheten og effektiviteten av polymermaterialene ifølge oppfinnelsen hva gjelder deres evne til å hemme vannpåvirket tremønsterutvikling, bedømmes materialene ved anvendelse av akselererte prøvninger. In order to determine the applicability and effectiveness of the polymer materials according to the invention in terms of their ability to inhibit water-induced wood pattern development, the materials are evaluated using accelerated tests.
Prøvninger for å fastså eventuell elektrisk påvirket tremønsterutvikling ble utført ved anvendelse av DNCV ("Double Needle Characteristic Voltage")-metoden ASTMD3756-79. Tests to determine any electrically induced wood pattern development were performed using the DNCV ("Double Needle Characteristic Voltage") method ASTMD3756-79.
Den vannpåvirkede tremønsterutviklingsprøvning ut-føres ved anvendelse av en metode som er lignende den som er beskrevet i US Patent nr. 4144202. En presstøpt skive med en diameter av ca. 150 mm og med 10 kjegleformige fordypninger, ble fremstilt av hvert materiale. Skivens geometri og fordypningenes dimensjoner er i det vesentlige de samme som beskrevet i US Patent nr. 4144202. Skivens grunnflate dusjes med sølvmaling som tjener som jord-elektroden. Et acrylrør med en lengde av 15,2 cm klemmes fast til den øvre flate slik at det fås en prøvningscelle. Ca. 150 ml av 0,01 natriumkloridoppløsning helles i The water-affected wood pattern development test is carried out using a method similar to that described in US Patent No. 4144202. A die-cast disk with a diameter of approx. 150 mm and with 10 conical recesses, were produced from each material. The geometry of the disc and the dimensions of the recesses are essentially the same as described in US Patent No. 4144202. The base surface of the disc is showered with silver paint which serves as the earth electrode. An acrylic tube with a length of 15.2 cm is clamped to the upper surface so that a test cell is obtained. About. 150 ml of 0.01 sodium chloride solution is poured in
cellen, og luftboblene som oppfanges på prøvens overflate, blir fjernet. En platinatrådring blir derefter neddykket i elektrolytten og koplet til den elektriske tilførsel som gir 5 kV ved en frekvens av 3 kHz. Prøver blir energisert i 22 timer, hvorefter de fjernes fra prøvningscellen og the cell, and the air bubbles that are trapped on the surface of the sample are removed. A platinum wire ring is then immersed in the electrolyte and connected to the electrical supply providing 5 kV at a frequency of 3 kHz. Samples are energized for 22 hours, after which they are removed from the test cell and
vaskes med destillert vann. De ti fordypninger skjæres ut fra skiven og tilflekkes for å gjøre de under vannpåvirkning utviklede trær mer synlige. Snittene fremstilles ved anvendelse av en mikrotom og undersøkes under mikro-skopet (ved 200X), og trestørrelsen måles. Normalt lages fire skiver for hver prøve slik at den gjennomsnittlige trestørrelse beregnes ut fra 40 enkeltmålinger. Ved be-dømmelsen av forskjellige retarderingsmidler mot tremønster-utvikling blir den relative trestørrelse bestemt ved å sammenligne den gjennomsnittlige trestørrelse oppnådd for et standard høyspenningsisolasjonsmateriale som ikke inneholder treutviklingsretarderende tilsetningsmidler. washed with distilled water. The ten depressions are cut out of the disc and stained to make the trees developed under the influence of water more visible. The sections are prepared using a microtome and examined under the microscope (at 200X), and the wood size is measured. Normally, four discs are made for each sample so that the average tree size is calculated from 40 individual measurements. In the evaluation of different retarders against wood pattern development, the relative wood size is determined by comparing the average wood size obtained for a standard high voltage insulating material that does not contain wood development retarding additives.
De nedenstående eksempler er forklarende. The examples below are illustrative.
Eksempler 1- 30 Examples 1-30
Forskjellige blandinger av lavdensitetspolyethylen (NA310) og en oligomer ble fremstilt idet oligomerens molekylvekt er antydet av Brookfield-viskositeten, smelte-indeksen (MI) eller smelteflytehastigheten (MFR) målt som her angitt. Oligomerene er basert på ethylen og a-umettet ester og eventuelt isobutylen. Various blends of low density polyethylene (NA310) and an oligomer were prepared, the molecular weight of the oligomer being indicated by the Brookfield viscosity, melt index (MI) or melt flow rate (MFR) measured as indicated herein. The oligomers are based on ethylene and α-unsaturated ester and possibly isobutylene.
Oligomerer som er flytende ved værelsetemperatur, ble blandet med polyethylenet i et Banbury-blandeapparat og derefter innført i en dobbeltskrueekstruder, pelletisert og bedømt for elektrisk påvirket tremønsterutvikling og/ eller vannpåvirket tremønsterutvikling i overensstemmelse med de her beskrevne metoder. Oligomerer som er faste ved værelsetemepratur, ble blandet direkte med polyethylenet i en dobbeltskrueekstruder og bedømt på samme måte. Oligomers which are liquid at room temperature were mixed with the polyethylene in a Banbury mixer and then introduced into a twin screw extruder, pelletized and scored for electrically induced wood patterning and/or water induced wood patterning in accordance with the methods described herein. Oligomers which are solid at room temperature were mixed directly with the polyethylene in a twin-screw extruder and evaluated in the same way.
De oppnådde resultater er gjengitt i Tabell I. The results obtained are reproduced in Table I.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US79710685A | 1985-11-12 | 1985-11-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO864483D0 NO864483D0 (en) | 1986-11-11 |
NO864483L true NO864483L (en) | 1987-05-13 |
Family
ID=25169922
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO864483A NO864483L (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1986-11-11 | MATERIALS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE USE AND INHIBITIVE PROPERTY ABOVE TREMOSTEN-SIMILAR DEgradation. |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0223180A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62115047A (en) |
FI (1) | FI864610A (en) |
NO (1) | NO864483L (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2939234A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-04 | Nexans | RETICULABLE COMPOSITION FOR MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLTAGE POWER CABLE |
FR3090988B1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-12-18 | Nexans | Electric cable resistant to water trees |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4370517A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1983-01-25 | Hitachi Cable Limited | Polyolefin compositions for electrical insulation |
-
1986
- 1986-11-10 EP EP86115572A patent/EP0223180A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-11-11 NO NO864483A patent/NO864483L/en unknown
- 1986-11-12 FI FI864610A patent/FI864610A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-11-12 JP JP61267887A patent/JPS62115047A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI864610A (en) | 1987-05-13 |
JPS62115047A (en) | 1987-05-26 |
EP0223180A1 (en) | 1987-05-27 |
FI864610A0 (en) | 1986-11-12 |
NO864483D0 (en) | 1986-11-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4400429A (en) | Tree retardant additive composition for polymeric insulation | |
US4526707A (en) | Semiconducting compositions and wires and cables using the same | |
KR101447778B1 (en) | Cross-linked polyethylene compositions | |
NO784362L (en) | DIELECTRIC PREPARATION. | |
CA2524252C (en) | Improved strippable cable shield compositions | |
JPH10106358A (en) | Composition with water tree resistance for insulation | |
BRPI0912414B1 (en) | semiconductor polymeric composition, use thereof and power cable | |
BR112013015109B1 (en) | cable | |
EP2128195A1 (en) | Strippable semiconductive composition comprising low melt temperature polyolefin | |
EP3421523A1 (en) | Reactive compounding of ethylene vinyl acetate | |
JP2740253B2 (en) | High voltage cable with insulation based on ethylene polymer with high resistance to water tree formation | |
US4876147A (en) | Cable insulation based on ethylene polymers having high resistance to the formation of water trees | |
JPH06223638A (en) | Telephone cable | |
WO2012167926A1 (en) | Flame retardant polymer composition | |
JPH0821269B2 (en) | Cable insulation with high resistance to water tree formation and growth and high aging resistance | |
US4543381A (en) | Tree retardant additive composition for polymeric insulation | |
BR112016021942B1 (en) | RETICULABLE POLYMER COMPOSITION, RETICULATED ARTICLE AND COATED CONDUCTOR | |
CN102532637B (en) | Insulating material for high-voltage direct-current feeder cable | |
BR112019014319A2 (en) | FOAM COMPOSITION, FOAM, PROCESS TO PREPARE A FOAM COMPOSITION, AND, CABLE | |
NO864483L (en) | MATERIALS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE USE AND INHIBITIVE PROPERTY ABOVE TREMOSTEN-SIMILAR DEgradation. | |
NO802166L (en) | POLYMER MATERIALS WHICH ARE RESISTANT TO CRYSTAL DAMAGE DAMAGE. | |
EP1330486A1 (en) | Polyolefin insulation compositions having improved oxidative stability | |
KR20000059868A (en) | Cable insulation composition with resistance of water tree growth | |
US10173358B2 (en) | Process for making a cross-linked polyethylene article | |
GB2210045A (en) | Polymer composition |