NO844380L - SPIN TURBINE. - Google Patents

Description

Invention relating to a reversible impulse turbine designed to work with back pressure on the discharge side. The turbine can be used as a power source where liquid or gas under pressure is available, and where the requirement for efficiency is subordinate.

From US patent no. 1,722,158, there is a known version of a spinning turbine that utilizes the impulse from an annular outlet cross-section. Furthermore, there are traditional turbine types such as Pelton turbine (impulse turbine) and Francis, Kaplan turbine (reaction turbine), as well as variants based on the main principle impulse or reaction turbine. Of these, it is traditionally only the reaction turbine that can work with back pressure on the discharge side. These turbines all have the primary task of converting available pressure energy into work with the highest possible degree of efficiency.

Application of known turbine types to work in alternating rotation direction has previously been solved by using a turbine for each rotation direction, or using gear transmission with reversal. These tend to be relatively expensive solutions, at the same time that the re-control becomes relatively complicated and constitutes a significant source of error. Known solutions based on the impulse principle cannot work in a submerged state or with back pressure in the drain. The speed will be strongly dependent on the pressure. Adjusting the speed requires relatively complicated devices.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a cheap, simple and reliable turbine for operating e.g. washing machines, water cannons, lift devices etc. Eq.

With the stated invention, a production-wise very cheap turbine is obtained with the possibility of the same characteristic in both directions of rotation. The turbine works according to the impulse principle in submerged condition. The design of the spinning chamber enables a very simple and stable reversing valve.

The design of the impeller/drain provides a braking effect above the nominal speed which provides a stable speed characteristic. The capacity (performance) can be easily varied for the same turbine size and, if desired, can be made different in the two directions of rotation. The efficiency and power can be easily reduced during operation. The turbine basically consists of a rotationally symmetrical spinning chamber with a tangential inlet of the working medium After exiting the spinning chamber, the working medium rotates outwards on the upper side of the impeller and inwards on the lower side towards the drain. The choice of diameters here will determine the brake (pump) effect at high speeds, while full torque is retained at low speeds and starting.

The attached figure shows the construction of the turbine, where the operation can be explained as follows:

Fig. 1.

The working medium flows through the open branch in the directional valve in which the valve body 1 seals for the second stroke. Because of. pressure drop through the nozzle (diameter d.) and losses in the spin chamber, the valve body will be stable in the end positions.

The working medium flows tangentially into the spin chamber 2, and generates a spin which, apart from losses, will follow the formula v. r. = constant. (v=tangential velocity, pressure dependent, r=radius).

If a reduction (braking) of the speed is desired, this can be done by screwing brake 3 into the spinning chamber and reducing the tang-en tial speed.

A performance reduction can be made by throttling the inlet diameter d.

Fig. 2.

The working medium will flow tangentially/axially out of the spin chamber and into the impeller's upper blades 4. After flowing beyond these, it will be forced radially inwards on the underside 5, and out of the turbine's axial drain 6.

In addition to the available pressure drop across the turbine, the following parameters will be significant:

Inlet diameter d (nozzle).

Spinning chamber inlet diameter D-|

" outlet diameter D2

The outer diameter of the impeller upper side D3

" " " subpage D4

Impeller chamber outlet diameter D5

By balancing these diameters, different torque/speed characteristics will be achieved. In its simplest form (equal characteristics both ways), the vanes are designed radially. If different torque/speed is desired in the two directions, the vanes can be tilted and the inlet nozzles have different diameters.

Braking at high rpm is achieved by the underside of the impeller starting to act like a pump above a certain rpm. Thereby, a relatively even speed can be achieved with varying pressure and load.

Claims (3)

1. Spinning turbine characterized in that the working medium flows tangentially into a rotationally symmetrical spinning chamber with an alternative direction of rotation, and where the working medium's rotational energy at the outlet of the spinning chamber is transferred to an impeller, designed in such a way that the turbine can work in a submerged state, and where the design of the underside of the impeller in addition to increasing the starting torque, it reduces (brakes) the speed above a desired value. 2. Spinning turbine, in accordance with to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of rotation is controlled from a valve which is hydraulically stable in the end positions, and which changes from one to the other direction of rotation with a simple reversal impulse. 3. Spinning turbine, in accordance with to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a body can be introduced into the turbine's spinning chamber which slows down the tangential speed, thereby reducing the turbine's speed.