NO831975L

NO831975L - EVAPORATOR FOR HEAT PUMP

Info

Publication number: NO831975L
Application number: NO831975A
Authority: NO
Inventors: Yngve Bergehed; Lars Bratthaell; Peter Carp
Original assignee: Stal Laval Apparat Ab
Priority date: 1982-06-03
Filing date: 1983-06-01
Publication date: 1983-12-05
Also published as: FR2528156A1; FI831973L; SE8203431L; FI831973A0

Description

Oppfinnelsen angår ehfordamper fortrinnsvis for større varmepumpeanlegg med vann som varmekilde. The invention relates to evaporators preferably for larger heat pump systems with water as the heat source.

Om vinteren anvendes sjøvann med ca. 4°C temperatur som varmekilde i store varmepumpeanlegg. Mulig temperaturfall er da 2 — 3°C om det med sikkerhet skal unngås isdannelse i fordamperen. Ved et så lavt varroefall. kreves meget store vannmengder. In winter, seawater is used with approx. 4°C temperature as a heat source in large heat pump systems. A possible temperature drop is then 2 - 3°C if ice formation in the evaporator is to be avoided with certainty. At such a low varro fall. very large quantities of water are required.

Formålet med oppfinnelsen er å frembringe en billig, lettstelt fordamper som er tilpasset spesielt for store vannmengder som som kreves ved disse små temperaturfall og som hensiktsmessig kan utføres som moduler slik at et for hvert effektbehov passende antall moduler:kan sammenkobles. The purpose of the invention is to produce a cheap, easy-to-maintain evaporator which is adapted especially for large quantities of water which are required at these small temperature drops and which can conveniently be made as modules so that a suitable number of modules for each power requirement: can be connected.

Fordamperen ifølge oppfinnelsen er utført med hoved-sakelig vertikale paneler for fordamping av kjølemediet. Som oppvarmingsmedium anvendes sjøvann som i et tynt sjikt får renne ned langs panelenes sider. For at vannet og fordamperen skal kunne utnyttes på beste måte og vannet skal kunne kjø-les ned til nær frysepunktet, er det nødvendig at vannet for-deles jevnt på panelene. Ujevn fordeling innebærer nemlig en risiko for lokal isdannelse, noe som bare kan elimineres ved tilførsel av større vannmengder som igjen forutsetter større vannledninger, pumper og således høyere investerings- og driftskostnader. The evaporator according to the invention is made with mainly vertical panels for evaporating the refrigerant. Seawater is used as a heating medium, which is allowed to run down the sides of the panels in a thin layer. In order for the water and the evaporator to be utilized in the best way and for the water to be cooled down to close to freezing point, it is necessary that the water is distributed evenly on the panels. Uneven distribution entails a risk of local ice formation, which can only be eliminated by the supply of larger quantities of water, which in turn requires larger water pipes, pumps and thus higher investment and operating costs.

Ifølge oppfinnelsen utføres fordamperen med et åpent vannfordelingsbasseng over en gruppe med fordampningspaneler som kan inngå i en standardisert modul. I fordelingsbassengets bunn er det anordnet rader med åpninger på hver side av panelene. Disse åpningers akser heller mellom 5° og 30° mot gjennom panelene gående vertikalplan slik at mot panelene skrått rettede vannstråler treffer disse ved deres øvre del. Åpningenes akser heller fortrinnsvis mellom 10° og 20° mot vertikalplanet. Åpningene er plassert med en avstand fra hverandre slik at en jevn vannfilm oppnås over panelenes hele bredde. According to the invention, the evaporator is made with an open water distribution basin above a group of evaporation panels that can be included in a standardized module. At the bottom of the distribution basin, there are rows of openings on each side of the panels. The axes of these openings are rather between 5° and 30° to the vertical plane passing through the panels so that water jets directed obliquely towards the panels hit them at their upper part. The axes of the openings are preferably between 10° and 20° to the vertical plane. The openings are placed at a distance from each other so that an even water film is achieved over the entire width of the panels.

I en foretrukket utførelse utføres fordelingsbassengets bunn med korrugeringer som forløper parallelt med panelene og med sin høyeste del midt over panelene. Åpningenes akser er vinkelrette mot korrugeringene og vil. således helle mot vertikalplanet som går gjennom panelene. I åpningene i bassengets bunn er det fordelaktig anordnet hylser. Formålet med disse er å gi vannstrålene gjennom åpningene riktig form og retning. Disse hylsers innløpsdel bør ha en avrundet.form for å oppnå gunstig, uforstyrret innstrømning. In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the distribution basin is made with corrugations that run parallel to the panels and with its highest part in the middle above the panels. The axes of the openings are perpendicular to the corrugations and will. thus leaning towards the vertical plane that passes through the panels. Sleeves are advantageously arranged in the openings in the bottom of the pool. The purpose of these is to give the water jets through the openings the correct shape and direction. The inlet part of these sleeves should have a rounded shape to achieve favorable, undisturbed inflow.

Oppfinnelsen beskrives nærmere under henvisning til vedlagte tegninger hvor figur 1 skjematisk viser et tverrsnitt gjennom en fordamper og figur 2 viser i større skala et snitt av det ved A på figur 1 innringede område. The invention is described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings, where figure 1 schematically shows a cross-section through an evaporator and figure 2 shows on a larger scale a section of the area circled at A in figure 1.

På figurene betegner 1 en fordampermodul i en fordamper i et større varmepumpeanlegg. Dette inneholder et vannfordelingsbasseng 2, et antall fordampningspaneler 3 og et oppsamlingsbasseng 4 for brukt, nedkjølt vann. Bassenget 2 In the figures, 1 denotes an evaporator module in an evaporator in a larger heat pump system. This contains a water distribution basin 2, a number of evaporation panels 3 and a collection basin 4 for used, chilled water. The pool 2

er fordelaktig rektangulært med et.sideforhold på mellom 1:1 og 1:1,5. Fordelingsbassenget 2 tilføres vann 5 gjennom en stamledning 6 med en vertikal grenledning 7 med en vannfor-deler 8 ved sin nedre del som medvirker til at det oppnås en mest mulig uforstyrret utstrømning av vann i bassenget 2. Vann 9 oppsamles i bassenget 4 og pumpes eller ledes bort gjennom ledningen 10. Vannivået betegnes med triangler 11 hhv. 12. Vanndybden i bassenget 2 betegnes med h. Panelene 3 er bygget opp av platene 13 mellom hvilke det dannes spal-ter eller kanaler 14. Nedentil og oventil er platene 13 til-sluttet rør 15 hhv. 16 gjennom hvilke i en kondensator kon-densert kjølemedium tilføres og fordampet kjølemedium bort-ledes. is advantageously rectangular with an aspect ratio of between 1:1 and 1:1.5. The distribution basin 2 is supplied with water 5 through a trunk line 6 with a vertical branch line 7 with a water distributor 8 at its lower part which helps to achieve the most undisturbed outflow of water in the basin 2. Water 9 is collected in the basin 4 and pumped or is led away through the line 10. The water level is indicated by triangles 11 or 12. The water depth in the pool 2 is denoted by h. The panels 3 are built up from the plates 13 between which slits or channels 14 are formed. Below and above the plates 13 are connected to pipes 15 respectively. 16 through which refrigerant condensed in a condenser is supplied and evaporated refrigerant is led away.

I en foretrukket utførelse er fordelingsbassengets bunn 17 korrugert. Korrugeringene har vinkelrett mot panelene 3 .triangelform med oppad rettede spisser 18 midt over rørene In a preferred embodiment, the bottom 17 of the distribution basin is corrugated. The corrugations are perpendicular to the panels 3 .triangular shape with upwardly directed tips 18 in the middle above the pipes

16. De korrugerte flatenes helling CX er. fordelaktig mellom 10° og 20° i forhold til horisontalplanet. Hull 19 for bøs-singer 20 er boret vinkelrett mot bunnens 17 hellende flater. Hullene 19 og bøssingenes 20 senterlinje danner således samme vinkel CK mot et vertikalplan som korrugeringene mot et hori-sontalplan. Bøssingenes 20 inngangsåpning 21 har med tanke på innstrømningen en passende avrundet form som gir en ufor-r styrret innstrømning. Herved og på grunn av en passelig lengde på bøssingen 20 kan en samlet stråle 22 med stabil strømning med passelig anslagsvinkel mot røret 16 oppnås slik at strålen 22 sprer seg ut innenfor et forholdsvis stort om råde og danner en tynn film 23 på platene 13. Hullene 19 med bøssingene 20 plasseres i slik avstand fra hverandre langs panelene 3 at en sammenhengende film 23 dannes på panelenes 3 hele bredde. 16. The slope CX of the corrugated surfaces is. advantageously between 10° and 20° in relation to the horizontal plane. Holes 19 for bushings 20 are drilled perpendicular to the sloping surfaces of the base 17. The center line of the holes 19 and the bushings 20 thus form the same angle CK against a vertical plane as the corrugations against a horizontal plane. The inlet opening 21 of the bushings 20 has, in view of the inflow, a suitably rounded shape which provides an undirected inflow. Hereby and due to a suitable length of the bushing 20, a combined jet 22 with stable flow with a suitable impact angle against the pipe 16 can be achieved so that the jet 22 spreads out within a relatively large area and forms a thin film 23 on the plates 13. The holes 19 with the bushings 20 are placed at such a distance from each other along the panels 3 that a continuous film 23 is formed over the entire width of the panels 3.

Gjennom oppfinnelsen kan det oppnås jevn vannfordeling på panelene 3 med liten vanndybde h i fordelingsbassenget 2. God vannfordling kan oppnås med h < 250 m. Konstruksjonen får herved liten høyde og vekten av bassenget med vanninnhold blir lav. Basseng med bærende stativer blir billig. Vanntilfør-selssystemet blir enkelt med et åpent vannfordelingsbasseng uten fast tilslutning til en tilførselsledning. Through the invention, uniform water distribution can be achieved on the panels 3 with a small water depth h in the distribution basin 2. Good water distribution can be achieved with h < 250 m. The construction thereby gains a small height and the weight of the basin with water content becomes low. Pool with load-bearing stands will be cheap. The water supply system is simple with an open water distribution basin without a permanent connection to a supply line.

Claims

1. Evaporator for heat pump systems comprising mainly vertical panels (3) for evaporating a cooling medium with water flowing in a thin layer (23) over the sides of the panels (3), characterized in that above a group of panels (3) there is a open water distribution basin (2) which at its bottom has rows of openings (19) on each side of the panels (3) and that the central axis of these openings (19) inclines between 5° and 30° to the vertical plane passing through the panels so that towards the panels (3 ) obliquely directed water jets hit these at their upper part.

2. Evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that the central axis of the openings inclines between 10° and 20° towards the vertical plane.

3. Evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the water distribution basin has corrugations which run parallel to the panels and have their highest parts above the panels and that the axes of the openings are perpendicular to the corrugations.

4. Evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that sleeves (20) are arranged in the openings (19) with such a length that they form a water jet (22) with the correct shape and direction.

5. Evaporator according to claim 4, characterized in that the sleeves (20) are designed with a rounded inlet opening (21) designed so that they provide an undisturbed inflow.