NO793584L

NO793584L - ENERGY UNIT.

Info

Publication number: NO793584L
Application number: NO793584A
Authority: NO
Inventors: Lars Lenfeldt
Original assignee: Lars Lenfeldt
Priority date: 1979-11-07
Filing date: 1979-11-07
Publication date: 1981-05-08

Description

Energi|iggregat.Energy |

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- Oppfinnelsen vedrører anordninger for bl.a. oppvarming av værelser, eksempelvis i form av personalvognér, brakker og lignende. - The invention relates to devices for i.a. heating of rooms, for example in the form of staff vans, barracks and the like.

For oppvarming av slike værelser har det hittil eksi-stert to alternativer: Såkalt punktvarme og radiatorsystemer. Begge disse systemer har sin begrensning. Punktvarme kan bare benyttes i udelte værelser og er tilbøyelig til å gi altfor høy temperatur i nærheten av aggregatet. Radiatorsystemer er avhengige av sirkulasjonspumpe, og dessuten er installasjonsomkostningene høye. De to systemene oppfyller ikke moderne krav til ventilasjon og varmekomfort, fordi ventilasjonen i høy grad påvirker oppvar^mingen. Eksempelvis kan nevnes at alle veggmonterte ventiler på-virkes av ulike vindforhold; tilluftsventiler ved golvet gir opp-hav til kald trekk, og fraluftsventiler ved taket tar bort meget av varmluften. For å løse disse problemer er det behov for et kombinert ventilasjons- og oppvarmingssystem hvori et energiaggregat kan utnyttes fullt ut og varme opp rommet uavhengig av ytre vi.nd^forhold. Selvom oppvarming av værelset er det dominerende energi-behovet, utgjør varmtvannsproduksjbn, varming av mat og elektrisk strøm for belysning og toalett stadig viktigere innslag i energi-forbruket. Muligheten for å imøtekomme kravene til slike former for energi er helt avhengig av tilgangen på en driftssikker og driftsøkonomisk energikilde for personvognens behov. Oppfinnelsen presenterer en slik kombinert energikilde. For heating such rooms, there have been two options up to now: So-called spot heating and radiator systems. Both of these systems have their limitations. Spot heating can only be used in undivided rooms and tends to produce excessively high temperatures near the unit. Radiator systems depend on a circulation pump, and the installation costs are also high. The two systems do not meet modern requirements for ventilation and heating comfort, because the ventilation greatly affects the heating. For example, it can be mentioned that all wall-mounted valves are affected by different wind conditions; supply air vents at the floor give rise to cold drafts, and exhaust air vents at the ceiling remove much of the hot air. To solve these problems, there is a need for a combined ventilation and heating system in which an energy unit can be fully utilized and heat the room regardless of external weather conditions. Although heating the room is the dominant energy requirement, hot water production, heating of food and electricity for lighting and toilets are increasingly important elements in energy consumption. The possibility of meeting the requirements for such forms of energy is entirely dependent on access to a reliable and economical energy source for the passenger car's needs. The invention presents such a combined energy source.

Et energiaggregat, som løser de forannevnte problemer, skal i samsvar med oppfinnelsen være basert på en forbrenningsmotor og en akkumuleringstank, hvori det tas vare på en vesentlig del av motorens restvarme (fra kjøling og avgasser, og minst én elektrisk generator, som kan belastes med akkumulatorbatteri og/ eller varmeelementer.) De trekk som er karakteristiske for oppfinnelsen framgår av patentkrav 1. An energy unit, which solves the aforementioned problems, must, in accordance with the invention, be based on an internal combustion engine and an accumulation tank, in which a significant part of the engine's residual heat (from cooling and exhaust gases, and at least one electric generator, which can be charged with accumulator battery and/or heating elements.) The features that are characteristic of the invention appear in patent claim 1.

En utførelsesform for et aggregat ifølge oppfinnelsen beskrives i det følgende under henvisning til medfølgende tegning. An embodiment of an aggregate according to the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 viser en prinsippskisse over et energiaggregat Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an energy aggregate

ifølge oppfinnelsen.according to the invention.

Fig. 2 illustrerer et eksempel på aggregatets drifts-syklus . Fig. 2 illustrates an example of the unit's operating cycle.

En forbrenningsmotor 1 er utført slik at den dels dri-ver en generator 2 (eventuelt flere), som er koblet til minst ett akkumulatorbatteri 3, dels er. forsynt med en anordning, f.eks. en akkumuleringstank 4, som sikrer at det tas vare på en stor del av motorens restenergi (kjølevannsvarme, avgassvarme). Dette skjer ved at vannet i akkumuleringstanken bringes til å sirkulere som kjølevann i motoren, og ved at avgassrøret blir ledet gjennom ak^ kumuleringstanken, slik at varme fra avgassene overføres til vannet. Motoren drives intermittent og mottar startimpulser enten fra en termostat 5 i akkumuleringstanken og som indikerer at vannet tren^ger oppvarming, eller fra følerdon 6 på batteriet, hvilket don angir at batteriet behøver å lades. Varmetilførselen til værelset skjer i form av varmluft, som produseres i en varmeveksler 7 med primærside og sekundærside for henholdsvis vann og luft. Alterna-tivt kan varmtvann fra akkumuleringstanken bringes til å sirkulere direkte i vannradiato.rer i værelset. Tilførsel av elektrisk strøm for belysning, toalett m.m. skjer fra akkumulatorbatteriene, som motoren stadig sørger for å holde ladet. Batteriene er dessuten plassert slik at de oppvarmes av akkumuleringstanken (eventuelt varmtvannsbeholder), slik at deres: evne til å avgi strøm ved start av motoren blir maksimal. An internal combustion engine 1 is designed so that it partly drives a generator 2 (possibly several), which is connected to at least one accumulator battery 3, and partly is. provided with a device, e.g. an accumulation tank 4, which ensures that a large part of the engine's residual energy (cooling water heat, exhaust gas heat) is taken care of. This happens by causing the water in the accumulation tank to circulate as cooling water in the engine, and by the exhaust pipe being led through the accumulation tank, so that heat from the exhaust gases is transferred to the water. The motor is operated intermittently and receives start impulses either from a thermostat 5 in the accumulation tank and which indicates that the water needs heating, or from sensor 6 on the battery, which indicates that the battery needs to be charged. The heat supply to the room takes place in the form of hot air, which is produced in a heat exchanger 7 with a primary side and a secondary side for water and air respectively. Alternatively, hot water from the accumulation tank can be made to circulate directly in water radiators in the room. Supply of electricity for lighting, toilet etc. occurs from the accumulator batteries, which the engine constantly ensures to keep charged. The batteries are also positioned so that they are heated by the accumulation tank (possibly hot water tank), so that their: ability to emit current when starting the engine is maximized.

Varmtvann produseres enten i en rørsløyfe 8 direkteHot water is produced either in a pipe loop 8 directly

i akkumuleringstanken eller i en separat tank, som oppvarmes fra akkumuleringstanken gjennom en mellomliggende vegg, eller ved at vann fra akkumuleringstanken sirkuleres i rørsløyfe gjennom varmts vannsbeholderen. in the accumulation tank or in a separate tank, which is heated from the accumulation tank through an intermediate wall, or by circulating water from the accumulation tank in a pipe loop through the hot water tank.

I motorens avgassledning er det anbrakt en lyddemper 9, som er plassert på den del av avgassledningen som passerer gjennom akkumuleringstanken. På denne måten utnyttes vannet som dempi.ngs-medium for lyden fra motoren. A muffler 9 is placed in the engine's exhaust line, which is placed on the part of the exhaust line that passes through the accumulation tank. In this way, the water is used as a dampening medium for the sound from the engine.

For å kunne regulere motorens driftsforhold på passende måte mellom sommerdrift (da behovet for elektrisk strøm dominerer) og vinterdrift (da varmebehovet dominerer), varieres den belastning, som motoren arbeider mot, i samsvar med følgende: In order to be able to regulate the engine's operating conditions in an appropriate way between summer operation (when the need for electricity dominates) and winter operation (when the need for heat dominates), the load against which the engine works is varied in accordance with the following:

Når reguleringssystemet indikerer at start skal finne sted for tank-oppvarming, kobles det i tillegg til batteriladnings-funksjonen et elektrisk element 10, som er anbrakt i akkumulerings^tanken, til generatoren. Derved økes den belastning, som motoren arbeider mot, hvilket resulterer i en tilsvarende økning av den tilførte effekt til motoren og av den effekt som opptas i akkumuleringstanken. En turtallsregulator kompenserer gasstrykkregule-ringen for belastningsendringen. Det forhold at den tilførte, ef^fekten øker så kraftig når generatoren belastes med en moderat effekt, skyldes at virkningsgradene for henholdsvis generator og motor dels avviker betydelig fra 100%, dels multipliseres med hverandre. Et eksempel vil illustrere denne "multiplikasjonseffekt". Det forutsettes normale virkningsgrader for inngående enheter, dvs. for generatoren SOI og for motoren 25%. Dessuten forutsettes det at praktisk talt all kjøle- og avgasseffekt opptas av tanken. Lad-ni.ngsbeh.ovet anslås til 1 kW året rundt.. Varmebehovet antas å være null om sommeren og mellom 15 og 25 kW om vinteren.. Ved vin-^te.rdrift kobles 2 kW elementef f ekt til generatoren. Elementene, er anbrakt i tanken. Dette gir følgende: When the control system indicates that the start is to take place for tank heating, in addition to the battery charging function, an electrical element 10, which is placed in the accumulation tank, is connected to the generator. Thereby, the load against which the engine works is increased, which results in a corresponding increase in the power supplied to the engine and in the power taken up in the accumulation tank. A speed regulator compensates the gas pressure regulation for the load change. The fact that the added effect increases so strongly when the generator is loaded with a moderate effect is due to the fact that the efficiencies for the generator and motor respectively deviate significantly from 100%, and are multiplied by each other. An example will illustrate this "multiplication effect". Normal efficiencies are assumed for input units, i.e. for the generator SOI and for the engine 25%. It is also assumed that practically all the cooling and exhaust gas effect is taken up by the tank. The charging requirement is estimated at 1 kW all year round. The heating requirement is assumed to be zero in the summer and between 15 and 25 kW in the winter. In the case of wind operation, 2 kW of element power is connected to the generator. The elements are placed in the tank. This gives the following:

Man får således ved innkobling av den moderate, effekten 2 kW til generatoren stor forskjell i tilført effekt mellom de Thus, when connecting the moderate, power 2 kW to the generator, there is a large difference in added power between them

to drif ts.tilf ellerie, såvel til motoren totalt som til akkumuler ringstankén, hvori elementene er anbrakt. Denne variasjon a<y>ti;l^ført effekt tillater en enkel elektrisk regulering av systemet med bibehold av total virkningsgrad i forskjellige driftstilfeller ved ulike årstider og følgelig vekslende behov for varme og/eller batteriladning. to drif ts.tilf ellerie, both to the engine in total and to the accumulator ring tank, in which the elements are placed. This variation in output allows a simple electrical regulation of the system while maintaining total efficiency in different operating cases at different seasons and consequently changing needs for heat and/or battery charging.

I de tilfeller aggregatet befinner seg i et rom somIn cases where the unit is located in a room which

er atskilt fra personvognen, overføres varmen i form av varmluft (eller varmtvann) i slange 11, som er innkoblet mellom rommene, elektrisk strøm i ledningskabler mellom disse og varmtvann gjennom en slange 12, som er anbrakt inne i varmluftslangen for å eliminere faren for frysing. is separated from the passenger car, the heat is transferred in the form of hot air (or hot water) in hose 11, which is connected between the rooms, electric current in wiring cables between these and hot water through a hose 12, which is placed inside the hot air hose to eliminate the risk of freezing .

Aggregatet fungerer helt automatisk døgnet rundt og styres av et programverk 13. Dette avføler med passende tidsinter-valler hvorvidt tanken trenger å varmes opp eller batteriene be-høver å lades, og gir i så fall startimpuls til- forbrenningsmotoren. Programverket gjennomfører ved behov flere startforsøk og stenger også av hele aggregatet hvis det ikke har funnet sted noen start etter et fastsatt antall forsøk. Via reléer 14 kobler programverket også inn og ut et eller flere elektriske elementer 10 (eksempelvis to på hver 1 kW), som er koblet til generatorene og som er anbrakt i tanken. Ved at man på denne måte varierer den belastning, som motoren arbeider mot, kan det oppnås ulike driftstilfeller for sommer og vinter med bibeholdt virkningsgrad. Tan-kens temperatur styres av termostaten 5, som gir henholdsvis start- og stoppimpuls til motoren ved akkumuleringstankens oppvarming. Hvis det har funnet sted en start utelukkende i.den hensikt å lade opp akkumulatorbatteriene, sørger programverket for å sten-ge av motoren etter en forutbestemt tid. The unit operates fully automatically around the clock and is controlled by a program 13. This senses at suitable time intervals whether the tank needs to be heated or the batteries need to be charged, and in that case gives a starting impulse to the internal combustion engine. If necessary, the software carries out several starting attempts and also switches off the entire unit if no start has taken place after a set number of attempts. Via relays 14, the software also switches on and off one or more electrical elements 10 (for example two of each 1 kW), which are connected to the generators and which are placed in the tank. By varying the load against which the engine works in this way, different operating conditions can be achieved for summer and winter with a maintained degree of efficiency. The tank's temperature is controlled by the thermostat 5, which respectively gives start and stop impulses to the engine when the accumulation tank is heated. If a start has taken place solely for the purpose of charging the accumulator batteries, the software ensures that the engine is switched off after a predetermined time.

Batterienes ladningsbehov avføles ved at de i et kort tidsrom (1 sekund) belastes med høy effekt, idet det resulterende spenningsfall avføles. The batteries' charging needs are sensed by charging them with high power for a short period of time (1 second), as the resulting voltage drop is sensed.

Varmetilførselen til personvognen skjer ved avtapping av energi fra akkumuleringstanken, og fungerer helt uavhengig av hvorvidt motoren går eller ikke. Varmeforsyningen skjer på følg-ende måte: En termostat 15 i personvognen regulerer romtemperaturen i denne. Når termostaten indikerer at romtemperaturen skal heves, starter en vifte 16 og sirkulasjonspumpen i varmeveksleren, hvor-ved akkumulator-vannet varmer opp den gjennomstrømmende luften, som i form av varmluft blåses inn i værelset. Et annet reguleri.ngs-don 18, som blir styrt av varmluftens temperatur, nemlig den varmluft som blåses inn i rommet, regulerer vannmengden fra akkumuleringstanken slik at temperaturen i varmluften til rommet holdes konstant uavhengig av akkumulator-vannets temperatur. For å redu-sere energiforbruket til et minimum, kan det dessuten benyttes et koblingsur 19, som er innrettet til å utføre omkobling mellom to romtermostater slik at temperaturen i værelset holdes på et lav-ere nivå utenfor arbeidstid (natt, helger). The heat supply to the passenger car takes place by draining energy from the accumulation tank, and works completely regardless of whether the engine is running or not. Heat is supplied in the following way: A thermostat 15 in the passenger car regulates the room temperature in it. When the thermostat indicates that the room temperature should be raised, a fan 16 and the circulation pump in the heat exchanger start, where the accumulator water heats up the flowing air, which is blown into the room in the form of hot air. Another regulator 18, which is controlled by the temperature of the hot air, namely the hot air that is blown into the room, regulates the amount of water from the accumulation tank so that the temperature in the hot air to the room is kept constant regardless of the temperature of the accumulator water. In order to reduce energy consumption to a minimum, a switching clock 19 can also be used, which is designed to switch between two room thermostats so that the temperature in the room is kept at a lower level outside working hours (night, weekends).

Det er anordnet spesielle sikringer, som sikrer av-stengning av hele aggregatet i forskjellige feiltilstander, f.eks. lavt oljetrykk, høy kjølevannstemperatur, lekkasje i akkumuleringstanken o.s.v.. Det er også anordnet sikring mot for høyt kon^tinuerlig uttak fra batteriene når motoren ikke er igang. Special fuses have been installed, which ensure that the entire unit is switched off in various fault conditions, e.g. low oil pressure, high cooling water temperature, leakage in the accumulation tank, etc. There is also a safeguard against excessively high continuous withdrawal from the batteries when the engine is not running.

I driftssyklusdiagrammet i fig. 2 angis noen av aggregatets funksjoner i et tidsrom ved hjelp av horisontale streker. A) viser testpunkter hvor dels akkumuleringstankens temperatur avføles ved hjelp av termostaten 5, dels batteriets ladningstilstand testes ved hjelp av donet 6. B) viser intervaller der motoren er igang. C) viser intervaller der. elementet 10 er koblet inn. D) angir romtermoståtens 15 tilslagsperioder og E) aktive perioder for pumpe og vifte, henholdsvis 17 og 16. In the duty cycle diagram of fig. 2, some of the unit's functions are indicated over a period of time using horizontal lines. A) shows test points where partly the accumulation tank's temperature is sensed using the thermostat 5, partly the battery's state of charge is tested using the device 6. B) shows intervals where the engine is running. C) shows intervals there. element 10 is connected. D) indicates the room thermostat's 15 switch-on periods and E) active periods for pump and fan, respectively 17 and 16.

Claims

1. Energy aggregate for the production of heat and electricity, where the power source is a combustion engine, which is. equipped with a liquid cooling system and an exhaust system and which is mechanically connected to a generator unit for the generation of electric current, and where the aggregate also includes an accumulator battery unit, which can be connected to the generator, and electric heating elements, characterized in that a storage tank (4) is connected to the engine's cooling system. in which part of the engine's residual energy is stored, and that at least one distribution system (7, 11) is arranged to absorb and distribute heat from the accumulator and said heating element (10) to a room.

2. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a regulation system with thermostats and maneuvering circuits for starting device for the internal combustion engine (1) and connecting device (14) for the aforementioned elements as well as charging circuits for the battery unit (3) is arranged to start the engine, either when there is a need for heating in the accumulator or for charging the battery unit, as well as stopping the engine when said need is lifted.

3. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that the regulation system includes a program (13), which at intervals senses the temperature in the accumulation tank and the state of charge of the battery.

4. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that at the same time as starting the engine due to heat demand in the accumulator, a coupling device (14), which forms part of the regulation system, is activated for connecting the heating elements to the generator.

5. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a heat exchanger (8) is placed in the accumulator for the production of hot water (consumable water).

6. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the engine's exhaust gas outlet is connected to an additional heat exchanger (9) in the accumulation tank.

7. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a thermostat is placed in the room and connected to drive circuits and drive device (7, 16) for distributing heat to the room.

8. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that the battery unit is placed in a room that communicates heat with the accumulation tank.

9. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that the distribution system comprises hoses or channels (11,12) which carry hot air and consumption water, respectively, and that the hose for the water is drawn inside the one which carries air.

10. Energy aggregate in accordance with claim 7, characterized -, in that the distribution system includes hoses to lead radiator hot water and consumption water respectively.