NO782610L - PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING A STABLE BLOOD PLATE SUSPENSION - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING A STABLE BLOOD PLATE SUSPENSIONInfo
- Publication number
- NO782610L NO782610L NO782610A NO782610A NO782610L NO 782610 L NO782610 L NO 782610L NO 782610 A NO782610 A NO 782610A NO 782610 A NO782610 A NO 782610A NO 782610 L NO782610 L NO 782610L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- platelet
- platelets
- suspension
- stated
- concentration
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000004623 platelet-rich plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 description 41
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 glutaraldehyde Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000010110 spontaneous platelet aggregation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002135 phase contrast microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical class [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013643 reference control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012927 reference suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/96—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood or serum control standard
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2496/00—Reference solutions for assays of biological material
- G01N2496/05—Reference solutions for assays of biological material containing blood cells or plasma
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
Hematologi-laboratorier trenger blodplate-referanse-standarder og kontroller for å opprettholde kvalitetskontroll med deres blodplate-telleinstrumenter og -teknikker, som ved de nåværende metoder for telling omfatter både manuelle prosedyrer, så som fasekontrastmikroskopi, og automatiserte teknikker som omfatter anvendelse av elektroniske partikkeltellere. Både den manuelle prosedyre og den automatiske teknikk krever telling av enkelte blodplater. Hematology laboratories need platelet reference standards and controls to maintain quality control with their platelet counting instruments and techniques, which in current methods of counting include both manual procedures, such as phase contrast microscopy, and automated techniques that include the use of electronic particle counters. Both the manual procedure and the automatic technique require counting of individual platelets.
For tiden anvender noen få laboratorier blodplaterike plasmasuspensjoner.som er nyfremstilt for kontrollformål. Currently, a few laboratories use platelet-rich plasma suspensions, which are freshly prepared for control purposes.
Blodplater er imidlertid vanskelige å telle ved fasekontrastmikroskopi på grunn av deres lille størrelse (ca. 2 til 4 mikron), og dessuten har blodplater en sterk tendens til å However, platelets are difficult to count by phase contrast microscopy because of their small size (about 2 to 4 microns), and furthermore, platelets have a strong tendency to
klumpe seg sammen og danne aggregater. Når blodplater kommer i kontakt med en fuktbar overflate så som glass eller plast, mister de sin ovale eller avrundede form, og tallrike pseudopoder viser seg på cellemembranoverflaten, og i løpet av kort tid flyter blodplatene sammen til tallrike amorfe aggregater. Et resultat av dette er at det blir vanskelig, hvis ikke umulig, for et klinisk hematologi-laboratorium å opprettholde en nøyaktig og reproduserbar blodplate-referansesuspens jon. clump together and form aggregates. When platelets come into contact with a wettable surface such as glass or plastic, they lose their oval or rounded shape, and numerous pseudopods appear on the cell membrane surface, and within a short time the platelets coalesce into numerous amorphous aggregates. A result of this is that it becomes difficult, if not impossible, for a clinical hematology laboratory to maintain an accurate and reproducible platelet reference suspension.
En ønskelig blodplate-referansekontroll bør.åpenbartA desirable platelet reference control should.obviously
bestå av en suspensjon av individuelle blodplater. For å oppnåconsist of a suspension of individual platelets. To achieve
en slik stabil suspensjon av individuelle blodplater, er det nødvendig å fullstendig hemme blodplate-aggregatdannelse. such a stable suspension of individual platelets, it is necessary to completely inhibit platelet aggregation.
En rekke forbindelser er angitt å hemme blodplate-aggregatdannelse, men slike metoder har ikke vist seg å være vellykket ved fremstilling av stabile blodplatesuspensjoner. A number of compounds have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, but such methods have not been successful in producing stable platelet suspensions.
Vi har nu funnet at en vellykket metode til å hemme blodplate-aggregatdannelse, er å anvende forbindelser som vil fiksere og stabilisere blodplatemembranen ved å danne tverrbindinger mellom proteinfunksjonelle grupper. En familie av forbindelser som vil medføre denne type fiksering, er aldehydene, så som glutaraldehyd, som lett reagerer med amino-, imino-, guanidyl-, hydroksyl-, karboksyl- og SH-grupper i proteinmolekylet. En annen familie av forbindelser som vi har funnet er i stand til å danne tverrbindinger med proteiner på blodplate-overflaten, er kromsalter så som kaliumdikromat. I nærvær av vann danner kromsalter komplekser av typen -Cr-O-Cr- som vil kombineres med de reaktive grupper på de nærliggende proteinkjeder for å gi en tverrbindingsvirkning av samme type som den som oppnås med aldehyder. We have now found that a successful method to inhibit platelet aggregate formation is to use compounds that will fix and stabilize the platelet membrane by forming cross-links between protein functional groups. A family of compounds that will cause this type of fixation are the aldehydes, such as glutaraldehyde, which readily react with amino, imino, guanidyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl and SH groups in the protein molecule. Another family of compounds that we have found to be able to form cross-links with proteins on the platelet surface are chromium salts such as potassium dichromate. In the presence of water, chromium salts form complexes of the type -Cr-O-Cr- which will combine with the reactive groups on the nearby protein chains to give a cross-linking effect of the same type as that achieved with aldehydes.
Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å anvende aldehyder og blandinger av aldehyder og kromsalter for fremstilling av en stabil suspensjon av individuelle blodplater. The purpose of the present invention is to use aldehydes and mixtures of aldehydes and chromium salts for the production of a stable suspension of individual platelets.
Vi har funnet at optimale betingelser for fiksering av blodplater oppnås når aldehydet settes til ufortynnet blodplaterik plasma i en konsentrasjon på 0,05 til 0,20%. Videre har vi funnet at tilstedeværelsen av kromsalter i konsentrasjoner på mellom 0,20 og 0,30% forbedrer blodplatesuspensjonens stabilitet. We have found that optimal conditions for fixing platelets are obtained when the aldehyde is added to undiluted platelet-rich plasma at a concentration of 0.05 to 0.20%. Furthermore, we have found that the presence of chromium salts in concentrations of between 0.20 and 0.30% improves the stability of the platelet suspension.
Særlig gode suspensjoner av fikserte blodplater oppnås Particularly good suspensions of fixed platelets are obtained
når blodplater fikseres med begge forbindelser samtidig. when platelets are fixed with both compounds simultaneously.
Optimale betingelser for fiksering av.blodplater oppnås når glutaraldehyd settes til ufortynnet blodplaterikt plasma i en konsentrasjon på 0,1 til 0,15%, fortrinnsvis 0,1%, og kaliumdikromat i en mengde på 0,25%. Optimum conditions for fixing platelets are obtained when glutaraldehyde is added to undiluted platelet-rich plasma in a concentration of 0.1 to 0.15%, preferably 0.1%, and potassium dichromate in an amount of 0.25%.
Metoden for fiksering av blodplater i henhold til opp-finnelsen er illustrert>i de følgende eksempler: The method for fixing blood platelets according to the invention is illustrated in the following examples:
Eksempel 1Example 1
Fremstilling av blodplaterik plasmaPreparation of platelet-rich plasma
Friskt fullblod ble trukket gjennom silikonbehandlede nåler inn i plastsprøyter og umiddelbart overført til et polypropylenrør inneholdende 1/6 volum av ACD-oppløsning (2,5 g natriumcitrat, 1,3 g sitronsyre, 2,0 g dekstrose, fortynnet Fresh whole blood was drawn through silicone-coated needles into plastic syringes and immediately transferred to a polypropylene tube containing 1/6 volume of ACD solution (2.5 g sodium citrate, 1.3 g citric acid, 2.0 g dextrose, diluted
til 100 ml med vann). Røret ble lukket, snudd på hodet og sentrifugert ved 66 x g i 25 minutter. Den blodplaterike plasma to 100 ml of water). The tube was capped, inverted and centrifuged at 66 x g for 25 min. The platelet-rich plasma
ble derefter fjernet fra de andre blodlegemer ved oppsugning og overført til et rent polypropylenrør. was then removed from the other blood cells by suction and transferred to a clean polypropylene tube.
Eksempel 2Example 2
Fiksering av blodplaterFixation of platelets
Metode A:Method A:
Til hver porsjon på 0,5 ml blodplaterik plasma fremstiltFor each portion of 0.5 ml platelet-rich plasma prepared
i henhold til eksempel 1, ble satt i rekkefølge og med forsiktig omrøring 50 yl 2,5%ig kaliumdikromatoppløsning og 10 yl glutar-aldehydoppløsning fremstilt ved fortynning av en 25%ig glutaraldehyd-utgangsoppløsning med saltvann til en konsentrasjon i området fra 5,0 til 7,5%. according to Example 1, 50 µl of 2.5% potassium dichromate solution and 10 µl of glutaraldehyde solution prepared by diluting a 25% glutaraldehyde stock solution with saline to a concentration ranging from 5.0 to 7.5%.
Metode B:Method B:
Til hver porsjon på 0,5 ml blodplaterik plasma fremstiltFor each portion of 0.5 ml platelet-rich plasma prepared
i henhold til eksempel 1, ble satt i rekkefølge og med forsiktig omrøring 0,5 ml 0,15M natriumklorid, 150 yl 2,5%ig kalium-dikromatoppløsning og 2 ml 4%ig glutaraldehyd som ble fremstilt ved fortynning av en 25%ig utgangsoppløsning med saltvann. according to Example 1, were placed in order and with gentle stirring 0.5 ml of 0.15M sodium chloride, 150 µl of 2.5% potassium dichromate solution and 2 ml of 4% glutaraldehyde which was prepared by diluting a 25% starting solution with saline.
Blodplateaggregatdannelsen ble fulgt med et lysmikroskop ved å anbringe en dråpe suspensjon på en silikonbehandlet glass-plate og nedtegne graden av aggregatdannelse efter lagring ved romtemperatur i 0, 6 og 15 dager. Platelet aggregate formation was followed with a light microscope by placing a drop of suspension on a silicone-treated glass plate and recording the degree of aggregate formation after storage at room temperature for 0, 6 and 15 days.
Når glutaraldehyd-konsentrasjonen ble variert i fraværWhen the glutaraldehyde concentration was varied in the absence
av kaliumdikromat (eksempel 1, utelatelse av dikromatoppløsningen), ble optimale fikseringsbetingelser oppnådd når glutaraldehyd^konsentrasjonen var 0,1%. Konsentrasjoner av glutaraldehyd over eller under 0,1% øket blodplate-aggregatdannelsen, og konsentrasjoner over 0,15% glutaraldehyd resulterte i gel-dannelse i den blodplaterike plasma. of potassium dichromate (Example 1, omitting the dichromate solution), optimal fixation conditions were obtained when the glutaraldehyde concentration was 0.1%. Concentrations of glutaraldehyde above or below 0.1% increased platelet aggregate formation, and concentrations above 0.15% glutaraldehyde resulted in gelation in the platelet-rich plasma.
Når varierende mengder av glutaraldehyd ble satt til blodplaterikt plasma inneholdende 0,25% kaliumdikromat, viste suspensjonene som inneholdt 0,1 til 0,15% glutaraldehyd, ingen aggregatdannelse. Glutaraldehyd-konsentrasjoner på mer enn 0,15% eller under 0,10% resulterte imidlertid i betydelig blodplate-aggregatdannelse, og konsentrasjoner over 0,2% førte til gel-dannelse i den blodplaterike plasma. When varying amounts of glutaraldehyde were added to platelet-rich plasma containing 0.25% potassium dichromate, the suspensions containing 0.1 to 0.15% glutaraldehyde showed no aggregate formation. However, glutaraldehyde concentrations greater than 0.15% or less than 0.10% resulted in significant platelet aggregation, and concentrations above 0.2% led to gelation in the platelet-rich plasma.
Selv om aldehyd-dikromat-prosessen stabiliserer blodplater og hindrer aggregatdannelse, ble uoppløselige, fiberaktige tråder iakttatt.i en rekke fikserte blodplatesuspensjoner så tidlig som 4 dager efter fikseringen, og synes å bidra til suspensjonenes ustabilitet. Mikroskopiske undersøkelser har vist blodplater innleiret i eller bundet til disse tråder. Farvning Although the aldehyde-dichromate process stabilizes platelets and prevents aggregate formation, insoluble, fibrous threads were observed in a number of fixed platelet suspensions as early as 4 days after fixation, and appear to contribute to the instability of the suspensions. Microscopic examinations have shown platelets embedded in or bound to these threads. Dyeing
av disse tråder ble foretatt med nigrosin, og dette tyder påof these threads were made with nigrosin, and this indicates
at disse var av protein-natur.that these were of a protein nature.
Blodplaterike plasmasuspensjoner ble fiksert som i eksempel 2 i 30. minutter til 3 timer ved fire forskjellige temperaturer fra 25 til 56°C. De fikserte blodplater ble sentrifugert, suspendert påny i en 7,5%ig saltoppløsning av menneskeserum-albumin og fulgt mikroskopisk for å bestemme graden av aggregatdannelse som fant sted i løpet av 3 måneders lagring ved romtemperatur. Platelet-rich plasma suspensions were fixed as in Example 2 for 30 minutes to 3 hours at four different temperatures from 25 to 56°C. The fixed platelets were centrifuged, resuspended in a 7.5% saline solution of human serum albumin and followed microscopically to determine the degree of aggregate formation that occurred during 3 months of storage at room temperature.
Blodplater suspendert i menneskeserum-albumin ved fiksering ved 37°C, viste større stabilitet enn blodplater fiksert ved enten 25, 45 eller 56°C, med en markert stabilitetsreduksjon Platelets suspended in human serum albumin when fixed at 37°C showed greater stability than platelets fixed at either 25, 45 or 56°C, with a marked reduction in stability
i suspensjonene fiksert ved 25 og 56°C. Fikseringstiden hadde ingen vesentlig virkning på stabiliteten av blodplatene ved 37 og 45°C." Fiberaktige tråder var fraværende i alle mennéskeserum-albumin-suspenderte blodplatepreparater. in the suspensions fixed at 25 and 56°C. Fixation time had no significant effect on the stability of the platelets at 37 and 45°C." Fibrous threads were absent in all human serum-albumin-suspended platelet preparations.
For å bestemme hvorvidt fikserte blodplater kunne stabiliseres ved å suspendere dem påny i forskjellige protein-oppløsninger, ble blodplater fiksert i 1 time ved 37°C. Efter sentrifugering ble de fikserte plater suspendert påny i defibrinert plasma., normal menneskeserum og saltoppløsninger inneholdende forskjellige konsentrasjoner (1,25% til 7,5%) av menneskeserum-albumin. To determine whether fixed platelets could be stabilized by resuspending them in different protein solutions, platelets were fixed for 1 hour at 37°C. After centrifugation, the fixed plates were resuspended in defibrinated plasma, normal human serum and saline solutions containing various concentrations (1.25% to 7.5%) of human serum albumin.
Fibertråder ble iakttatt i den defibrinerte plasjna-blodplate-suspensjon, men ikke i normal menneskeserum eller menneskeserum-albumin-blodplatepreparatene. Efter 2 ukers Fiber strands were observed in the defibrinated platelet-platelet suspension, but not in the normal human serum or the human serum-albumin-platelet preparations. After 2 weeks
lagring ved romtemperatur var imidlertid bare de menneskeserum-albumin-suspenderte, fikserte blodplater stabile. however, upon storage at room temperature, only the human serum-albumin-suspended, fixed platelets were stable.
For å bestemme om blodplatene kunne stabiliseres ved å suspendere dem påny i ikke-protein-oppløsninger, ble fikserte blodplater efter sentrifugering suspendert påny i saltoppløsninger inneholdende forskjellige dimetylsulfoksyd-konsentrasjoner varierende fra 0 til 20%. To determine whether the platelets could be stabilized by resuspending them in non-protein solutions, fixed platelets after centrifugation were resuspended in saline solutions containing different dimethylsulfoxide concentrations ranging from 0 to 20%.
Fikserte blodplater resulterte i stabile suspensjoner efter 7 uker bare i dimetylsulfoksydkonsentrasjoner fra 10 til 20%; mens konsentrasjoner på under 7,5% resulterte i øket blodplate-aggregatdannelse. Ny suspensjon av fikserte blodplater i 20% dimetylsulfoksyd resulterte i preparater som var stabile i minst 7 uker. Fixed platelets resulted in stable suspensions after 7 weeks only in dimethylsulfoxide concentrations from 10 to 20%; while concentrations below 7.5% resulted in increased platelet aggregate formation. Resuspension of fixed platelets in 20% dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in preparations that were stable for at least 7 weeks.
i in
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US82106377A | 1977-08-01 | 1977-08-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO782610L true NO782610L (en) | 1979-02-02 |
Family
ID=25232404
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO782610A NO782610L (en) | 1977-08-01 | 1978-07-31 | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING A STABLE BLOOD PLATE SUSPENSION |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5436084A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3771778A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE869424A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2828820A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK339278A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES471839A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2399664A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2001757A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1107239B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU80058A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7808059A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO782610L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7808263L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4717654A (en) * | 1984-06-19 | 1988-01-05 | Akzo N.V. | Process for solid phase platelet antibody assay |
| EP0721104A2 (en) * | 1993-07-05 | 1996-07-10 | Northern General Hospital N.H.S. Trust | Preparation and stabilisation of cells |
| US6197540B1 (en) * | 1993-07-05 | 2001-03-06 | Northern General Hospital N.H.S. Trust | Preparation and stabilization of cells using aged transition metal solutions |
| WO1995027203A1 (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-12 | Northern General Hospital N.H.S. Trust | Preparation and stabilisation of cell suspensions |
| GB2313288B (en) | 1996-05-24 | 2000-07-12 | North Gen Hospital Nhs Trust | Specimen collection fluid |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3640896A (en) * | 1970-04-13 | 1972-02-08 | Pfizer | Process for stabilizing fowl red blood cells |
| GB1509539A (en) * | 1974-04-21 | 1978-05-04 | Wales Sec Of State For | Whole blood standards for use in haematology |
| DE2551208C3 (en) * | 1975-11-14 | 1981-05-27 | Behringwerke Ag, 3550 Marburg | Process for the production of a stable erythrocyte preparation |
-
1978
- 1978-06-30 DE DE19782828820 patent/DE2828820A1/en active Pending
- 1978-07-03 AU AU37717/78A patent/AU3771778A/en active Pending
- 1978-07-06 FR FR7820160A patent/FR2399664A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-07-18 ES ES471839A patent/ES471839A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-25 IT IT50467/78A patent/IT1107239B/en active
- 1978-07-25 GB GB787830962A patent/GB2001757A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-07-31 DK DK339278A patent/DK339278A/en unknown
- 1978-07-31 NL NL787808059A patent/NL7808059A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-07-31 SE SE7808263A patent/SE7808263L/en unknown
- 1978-07-31 JP JP9354078A patent/JPS5436084A/en active Pending
- 1978-07-31 LU LU80058A patent/LU80058A1/xx unknown
- 1978-07-31 NO NO782610A patent/NO782610L/en unknown
- 1978-07-31 BE BE6046557A patent/BE869424A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE869424A (en) | 1979-01-31 |
| DK339278A (en) | 1979-02-02 |
| FR2399664A1 (en) | 1979-03-02 |
| JPS5436084A (en) | 1979-03-16 |
| GB2001757A (en) | 1979-02-07 |
| ES471839A1 (en) | 1979-02-01 |
| DE2828820A1 (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| IT1107239B (en) | 1985-11-25 |
| AU3771778A (en) | 1980-01-10 |
| IT7850467A0 (en) | 1978-07-25 |
| NL7808059A (en) | 1979-02-05 |
| LU80058A1 (en) | 1978-12-12 |
| SE7808263L (en) | 1979-02-02 |
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