NO760582L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO760582L NO760582L NO760582A NO760582A NO760582L NO 760582 L NO760582 L NO 760582L NO 760582 A NO760582 A NO 760582A NO 760582 A NO760582 A NO 760582A NO 760582 L NO760582 L NO 760582L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- hardening
- foam
- materials
- plaster
- ceramic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 borides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001522 polyglycol ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av lette, porøse bygnings- og isolasjonsmaterialer. The present invention relates to a method for the production of light, porous building and insulation materials.
Ved en rekke av de kjente fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av porøse, keramiske byggematerialer tilveiebringes porøsi-teten ved at det i et råmateriale for fremstilling av keramiske produkter inkorporeres såkalte utbrenningsstoffer hvorpå produk-tet formes, tørkes og brennes. In a number of the known methods for the production of porous, ceramic building materials, the porosity is provided by incorporating so-called burn-out substances into a raw material for the production of ceramic products, after which the product is shaped, dried and fired.
Under bortbrenningsprosessen brenner utbrenningsstof-fet bort og etterlater hulrom, hvorved det ferdige produkt oppnår During the burn-out process, the burn-out fat burns away and leaves voids, whereby the finished product achieves
en større eller mindre porøsitet. Som utbrenningsstoff har man f. eks. anvendt brennbare organiske materialer, som f. eks. sagmugg>torv, kork, kullstøv og celluloseprodukter. Disse materialer gir imidlertid årsak til sprekkdannelse og derav følgende dårlig trykkstyrke, hvorfor man neppe i praksis kan oppnå en ønskelig lav spesifik vekt. a greater or lesser porosity. As combustion material, you have e.g. used combustible organic materials, such as e.g. sawdust>peat, cork, coal dust and cellulose products. These materials, however, give rise to cracking and the resulting poor compressive strength, which is why it is hardly possible to achieve a desirable low specific weight in practice.
Det er videre kjent å blande inn sammenpressbare legemer av plantestengelmarv i et keramisk herdende råmateriale. Marvens store sammentrykkbarhet vil imidlertid bevirke en sammen-presning allerede ved formningen av råmaterialet, f. eks. leire, og ved den etterfølgende tørking vil man derfor neppe kunne oppnå lette, og likevel trykksterke produkter. Det er videre et problem at plantemarven, i likhet med de ovennevnte organiske materialer opptar vann, hvilket vanekeliggjør den senere tørkingsprosess. It is further known to mix compressible bodies of plant stem pith into a ceramic hardening raw material. Marven's high compressibility will, however, cause compression already during the shaping of the raw material, e.g. clay, and in the subsequent drying it will therefore hardly be possible to obtain light, yet pressure-resistant products. It is also a problem that the plant pith, like the above-mentioned organic materials, absorbs water, which makes the later drying process unusual.
I tysk utlegningsskrift nr. 1.126.302 er det videre foreslått å innarbeide delvis sammentrykkbare, ferdig oppskum-mede plastpartikler i leirarter og forme den dannede blanding, In German specification no. 1,126,302, it is further proposed to incorporate partially compressible, fully foamed plastic particles into clays and shape the resulting mixture,
f. eks. ved uthelling eller stamping eller strengpressing i en maskin, hvorpå de formede produkter tørkes og brennes til et e.g. by pouring or tamping or strand pressing in a machine, after which the shaped products are dried and fired to a
sluttprodukt, hvorved plastmaterialet unnviker. Den anvendte plast er fortrinnsvis et skumstoff, særlig ekspanderte polystyrenpar- end product, thereby avoiding the plastic material. The plastic used is preferably a foam material, especially expanded polystyrene
tikler, og disse har en diameter på 0.5 - 10 mm.ticks, and these have a diameter of 0.5 - 10 mm.
Imidlertid er denne metode blitt mere uøkonomisk på grunn av de stigende priser på den plast som anvendes som ut-brenningsstof f , likesom partikkelstørrelsen nødvendigvis fører til makroporøse materialer med en ofte uhensiktsmessig stor vannopp-tagelse og alt etter utførelsen utilfredsstillende trykkstyrke og andre fysiske egenskaper. However, this method has become more uneconomical due to the rising prices of the plastic used as fuel, as well as the particle size necessarily leading to macroporous materials with an often inappropriately high water absorption and, depending on the design, unsatisfactory compressive strength and other physical properties.
Hvis plastpartiklene inkorporeres i hydraulisk herdende materialer, f. eks. ved betongfremstilling, iakttar man videre ofte en dårlig binding mellom plasten og råmaterialet. If the plastic particles are incorporated into hydraulically hardening materials, e.g. in concrete production, a poor bond between the plastic and the raw material is also often observed.
Et annet kjent prinsipp ved fremstilling av porøse bygge-og isolasjonsmaterialer er inkorporering av gassavgivende stoffer i keramisk eller hydraulisk herdende råmaterialer, som derpå enten ved den mekaniske blanding eller ved senere tørking og brenning fraspalter gasser, som bevirker en skumning eller oppblæring av utgangsmaterialet. Denne metode egner seg imidlertid bare til fremstilling av materialer,, hvor det stilles beskjedne krav til trykkstyrken, fordi man i praksis ikke kan kontrollere celle-størrelsen, som kan være særdeles uregelmessig. Videre medfører såvel selve bearbeidingen av utgangsmaterialet, iblandingen av gassavgivende stoffer som tørkingen og den eventuelle brenning eller autoklavering, et stort energiforbruk. Another well-known principle in the production of porous building and insulation materials is the incorporation of gas-emitting substances in ceramic or hydraulically hardening raw materials, which then, either by mechanical mixing or by subsequent drying and firing, release gases, which cause foaming or swelling of the starting material. However, this method is only suitable for the production of materials, where modest demands are placed on the compressive strength, because in practice you cannot control the cell size, which can be extremely irregular. Furthermore, the actual processing of the starting material, the mixing of gas-emitting substances as well as the drying and any burning or autoclaving entail a large consumption of energy.
I USA patentskrift nr. 3.175.918 er beskrevet en kombi-nasjon av ovennevnte to prinsipper ved en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av porøse, ildfaste legemer av ildfaste materialer, som f. eks. silisiumkarbid og andre karbider, borider, nitrider og silicider, .ved anvendelse av f. eks. fenolplaster og epoksyplaster som bindemidler i nærvær av allerede oppskummete, herdete f. eks. fenolplastpartikler eller gassavspaltende plaster som f. eks. polyisocyanater, som oppskummer under eller etter blsndin-gen av de ovennevnte komponenter. In US patent document no. 3,175,918, a combination of the above-mentioned two principles is described in a method for the production of porous, refractory bodies from refractory materials, such as e.g. silicon carbide and other carbides, borides, nitrides and silicides, when using e.g. phenolic plastics and epoxy plastics as binders in the presence of already foamed, hardened e.g. phenolic plastic particles or gas-releasing plastics such as e.g. polyisocyanates, which foam during or after the combustion of the above-mentioned components.
Ved denne fremgangsmåte er det imidlertid nødvendigIn this method, however, it is necessary
å anvende relativt store mengder plastbindemiddel, som skal for-kulles ved oppvarmning og videreomdannes f. eks. til silisiumkarbid. Under forkullingen foreligger en tilbøyelighet til kraf-tig krymping, hvilket fører til produkter med uønskede sprekker og unøyaktige mål og form. to use relatively large amounts of plastic binder, which should be charred by heating and further transformed, e.g. to silicon carbide. During charring, there is a tendency for severe shrinkage, which leads to products with unwanted cracks and inaccurate dimensions and shape.
Et tredje prinsipp er beskrevet i tysk utlegningsskrift nr. 2.022.419 og 2.023.419. Disse skrifter beskriver en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av porøse, brente granulater eller formlegemer ut fra støvformede mineralske stoffer, f. eks. leire, flyvesand eller flyveaske, hvorunder disse stoffer blan-des med vann til en grøtaktig formbar masse, hvoretter det tilsettes en skummasse, hvorpå den samlede blanding tørkes, brennes eller herdes på kjent måte. A third principle is described in German explanatory documents no. 2,022,419 and 2,023,419. These documents describe a method for the production of porous, burnt granules or shaped bodies from dust-shaped mineral substances, e.g. clay, fly sand or fly ash, during which these substances are mixed with water to a mushy malleable mass, after which a foam mass is added, after which the combined mixture is dried, burned or hardened in a known manner.
Den nevnte skummasse består av i og for seg kjente skumdannere som skummer ved vanntilsetning, og kan f. eks. være tensider, f. eks. fettalkoholpolyglykolestere, fettalkoholsulfa-ter, alkylsulfonater, fettalkoholetersulfater og alkylfenolpoly-glykoletere. The aforementioned foam consists of known foam formers that foam when water is added, and can e.g. be surfactants, e.g. fatty alcohol polyglycol esters, fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates and alkylphenol polyglycol ethers.
Det har imidlertid vist seg at disse skummasser ikkeHowever, it has been shown that these foams do not
har den nødvendige styrke til å motstå trykket fra f. eks. leire, og ved bearbeidingen forøvrig når massene sammenblandes, hvorfor størstedelen av luftblærene brister og man får en utilfredsstillende porøsitet som i praksis sjeiden overstiger 10%. Dette forhold er særlig uttalt når f. eks. leirmassen underkastes den vanlige plastifisering<y>fd behandling med vanndamp, idet største-delen av skummet da faller sammen I has the necessary strength to withstand the pressure from e.g. clay, and during the processing otherwise when the masses are mixed together, which is why the majority of the air bubbles burst and you get an unsatisfactory porosity which in practice often exceeds 10%. This relationship is particularly pronounced when, e.g. the clay mass is subjected to the usual plastification<y>fd treatment with steam, as the greater part of the foam then collapses in
Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å angi en fremgangsmåte for. fremstilling av lette, porøse bygge- og isolasjonsmaterialer som ikke er beheftet med ovennevnte ulemper, og som både kan anvendes ved arbeide i marken og ved industriell fremstilling. The purpose of the present invention is to specify a method for. production of light, porous building and insulation materials which are not affected by the above-mentioned disadvantages, and which can be used both for work in the field and for industrial production.
Dette oppnåes ifølge oppfinnelsen ved at det til det utvalgte råmateriale i finfordelt og plastisk tilstand- tilsettes en enda ikke herdet mekanisk oppskummet to-komponent skummasse, inneholdende en første komponent i form av et tradisjonelt skumdannende overflateaktivt middel, og en annen komponent i form av et strukturmateriale i vandig oppløsning, dispersjon eller emulsjon. Det skumdannende overflateaktive middel kan f. eks. være av den ovennevnte art, mens strukturmaterialet ifølge oppfinnelsen fortrinnsvis er: a) vannoppløselige syntetiske eller naturlige termoherdende plaster, f. eks. aminoplaster, som f. eks. karbamidplaster This is achieved according to the invention by adding to the selected raw material in a finely divided and plastic state a not yet hardened mechanically foamed two-component foam mass, containing a first component in the form of a traditional foam-forming surfactant, and a second component in the form of a structural material in aqueous solution, dispersion or emulsion. The foam-forming surfactant can e.g. be of the above-mentioned type, while the structural material according to the invention is preferably: a) water-soluble synthetic or natural thermosetting plasters, e.g. aminoplasts, such as carbamide patch
(urinstof-formaldehyd-plaster) og melaminplaster, fenol-(urea-formaldehyde plaster) and melamine plaster, phenolic
eller epoksyplaster, og/eventueltor epoxy plaster, and/possibly
b) plastdispersjoner, f. eks. an vinylacetat-,vinylklorid-, vinylidenklprid- eller akrylpolymere eller kopolymere, b) plastic dispersions, e.g. any vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or acrylic polymers or copolymers,
og/ellerand or
c) syntetiske eller naturlige latexer og/eller voksemulsjonerc) synthetic or natural latexes and/or wax emulsions
d) modifiserte eller umodifiserte.polysakarider, herunder stivel-ses- og celluloseprodukter, f. eks. CMC. d) modified or unmodified polysaccharides, including starch and cellulose products, e.g. CMC.
De ovennevnte strukturmaterialer kan anvendes såvel en-keltvis som i innbyrdes blanding, alt avhengig av det ønskede sluttprodukt, og de derav avledede bearbeidings-, særlig blan-dings- og pressetrinn, idet styrkekravene til skummet varierer etter bearbeidingens art.'Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, som erkarakterisert veddet i karakteristikken til krav 1 angitte,er anvendelig både■for fremstilling av alle arter av byggelementer (mursten) og for fremstilling av klinker og granulater, samt til form-artikler og stampemasser, inklusive ildfaste materialer. De fremstilte granulater kan f. eks. anvendes som tilslagsmaterialer ved fremstilling av lettchamotte eller lettbetong, eller de kan ved pressing i nærvær av egnete bindemidler formes til materialer med forhøyet porøsitet. The above-mentioned structural materials can be used both individually and in a mixture, all depending on the desired end product, and the resulting processing, especially mixing and pressing steps, as the strength requirements for the foam vary according to the type of processing. The method according to the invention, which is characterized by the characteristic specified in claim 1, is applicable both for the production of all types of building elements (bricks) and for the production of clinker and granules, as well as for shaped articles and stamping compounds, including refractory materials. The manufactured granules can e.g. are used as aggregates in the production of lightweight chamotte or lightweight concrete, or they can be formed into materials with increased porosity by pressing in the presence of suitable binders.
Anvendelige utgangsmaterialer ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er: Usable starting materials for the method according to the invention are:
a) Keramisk herdende materialer,a) Ceramic hardening materials,
som f. eks. leire, leirskifer, kaolin, chamotte etc. og/eller like for example. clay, shale, kaolin, chamotte etc. and/or
b) Kemisk bindende<p>g/eller hudraulisk herdende materialer herunder også latent hydrauliske materialer b) Chemically binding<p>g/or hydraulically hardening materials including also latent hydraulic materials
som f. eks. sement,magnesit, gips, flyveaske,. lateritisk jord, bauxit og kalk eventuelt i forbindelse med vann og/eller visse metallsalter, f. eks. magnesiumsulfat eller natrium-sulfat. like for example. cement, magnesite, gypsum, fly ash. lateritic soil, bauxite and lime possibly in connection with water and/or certain metal salts, e.g. magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate.
Det er av avgjørende betydning for fremgangsmåtens gun-stige forløp at de ovennevnte utgangsmaterialer har en meget høy finhetsgrad ( 1 p eller lavere og opp til 1 mm), som hvis produk-tet ikke i seg selv er tilstrekkelig fint, må tilveiebringes It is of decisive importance for the favorable course of the process that the above-mentioned starting materials have a very high degree of fineness (1 p or lower and up to 1 mm), which, if the product itself is not sufficiently fine, must be provided
ved findeling.by comminution.
Fremgangsmåten har den ytterligere fordel at det-anvendte skum foruten å være så stabilt at det kan motstå påvirkningene fra f. eks. leirmaterialet under sammenblandingen, og den herunder forekommende mekaniske bearbeiding, og således har en høy utnyttelsesgrad, forstått som det ferdige produkts porevolum, videre har en meget høy oppskumningsgrad, dvs. volumforholdet mellom skummiddel plus strukturmaterialet og. det ferdige skum, på 1:24-1:30 i ekstreme tilfeller 1:40, hvilket gir et tørrere skum og hermed lavere energiforbruk ved tørking og/eventuelt brenning enn ved de i ovennevnte utlegningsskrifter fremstilte skummasser The method has the further advantage that the foam used, in addition to being so stable that it can withstand the effects of e.g. the clay material during the mixing, and the subsequent mechanical processing, and thus has a high degree of utilization, understood as the finished product's pore volume, furthermore has a very high degree of foaming, i.e. the volume ratio between foaming agent plus the structural material and. the finished foam, of 1:24-1:30 in extreme cases 1:40, which gives a drier foam and thus lower energy consumption during drying and/or burning than with the foam masses produced in the above-mentioned specifications
hvor man i praksis sjelden vil kunne oppnå skumningsgrader påwhere in practice you will rarely be able to achieve degrees of foaming
over 1:14, hvortil kommer de øvrige beskrevne ulemper. Det tør-rere skum er også en fordel ved råmaterialer som undergår hydraulisk herding, idet man herved nedsetter mengden av overskuddsvann som senere skal fjernes ved uttørking. above 1:14, to which are added the other described disadvantages. The drier foam is also an advantage for raw materials that undergo hydraulic hardening, as this reduces the amount of excess water that must later be removed during drying.
Det ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendte skum, som virker som bæremedium for små luftblærer, har en meget stor spesifik overflate, og vil på overflaten oppta de fine partikler av råmateriale, likesom'det, hvis råmaterialet er keramisk eller kjemisk herdende, er mulig å tilsette større eller mindre mengder av de kjente organiske og/eller uorganiske utbrenningsmaterialer, f. eks. sagmugg, torv, fibere eller ekspandert polystyren som kan være fin-delt til en passende størrelse. The foam used according to the invention, which acts as a carrier medium for small air bubbles, has a very large specific surface area, and will absorb the fine particles of raw material on the surface, just as, if the raw material is ceramic or chemically hardening, it is possible to add larger or smaller quantities of the known organic and/or inorganic combustion materials, e.g. sawdust, peat, fibers or expanded polystyrene which can be finely divided to a suitable size.
Strukturen av den iblandede skummasse vil som sådan bevirke at det ferdige produkt får en mikroporøs struktur, som imidlertid alt etter de eventuelt ytterligere anvendte tilslags-og/eller utbrenningsmaterialer kan være blandet mikro- og makro-• porøs. As such, the structure of the mixed foam mass will cause the finished product to have a microporous structure, which, however, depending on the additional aggregates and/or burnout materials used, may be mixed micro- and macro-porous.
Anvendelsen av temperaturbestandig og termoherdende skum i dets enda formbare,ikke-herdede tilstand er særlig hen-siktsmessig, idet de keramisk herdende masser som nevnt ofte umiddelbart før formgivningen,plastifiseres ytterligere ved hjelp av vanndamp, likesom det utvikles friksjonsvarme i presser og andre behandlingsapparater. The use of temperature-resistant and thermosetting foam in its still malleable, non-hardened state is particularly appropriate, as the ceramic hardening masses, as mentioned, often immediately before shaping, are further plasticized with the help of steam, just as frictional heat is developed in presses and other processing devices.
Fremgangsmåten er som nevnt anvendelig såvel ved porosering av keramiske materialer som ved porosering av hydraulisk herdende materialer. I forbindelse med skumporosering av hydraulisk herdende materialer ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, oppnåes en fremskyndet herding på grunn av den naturlige hydratiseringsvarme og f. eks. ved vinterbygging tildels av den vanlige anvendelse av damp for å fremskynde herdeprosessen og ned-sette risikoen for frostskader. Det samme forhold gjør seg gjel-dende ved eventuell etterherding av oppskummete sementprodukter, kalksandsten etc. i autoklaver og liknende. As mentioned, the method can be used both for the porosity of ceramic materials and for the porosity of hydraulically hardening materials. In connection with foam porosis of hydraulically hardening materials by the method according to the invention, an accelerated hardening is achieved due to the natural heat of hydration and e.g. during winter construction partly by the usual use of steam to speed up the hardening process and reduce the risk of frost damage. The same situation applies to any post-hardening of foamed cement products, sand-lime stone etc. in autoclaves and the like.
Blandingsforholdet mellom skummet og utgangsmaterialet kan variere innenfor vide grenser avhengig av den ønskede porøsitet og arten av det ønskede sluttprodukt, utformning og kvalitet. The mixing ratio between the foam and the starting material can vary within wide limits depending on the desired porosity and the nature of the desired end product, design and quality.
Eksempel 1.Example 1.
Det anvendes en velbearbeidet plastisk gulbrennende A well-processed plastic yellow burning is used
leire med en kornstørreIse på 0-1 mm, en utgangsfuktighet påclay with a grain size of 0-1 mm, an initial humidity of
13.8% og en tetthet på o 1.73 kg/dm 3 i ureagert brent tilstand.13.8% and a density of o 1.73 kg/dm 3 in the unreacted burnt state.
Til denne leire ble tilsatt en skummasse i volumforholdet 1:1. Skummassen var fremstilt ut fra en oppløsning be-stående av 1.5% overflateaktivt skumningsmidde1, 1% av et høymole-kylært polysakarid, 20% av en 50% karbamidplastoppløsning og 77.5% vann. Oppskumningsforholdet for skummet var 1:20. A foam mass was added to this clay in a volume ratio of 1:1. The foam mass was prepared from a solution consisting of 1.5% surfactant foaming agent1, 1% of a high-molecular polysaccharide, 20% of a 50% carbamide plastic solution and 77.5% water. The foaming ratio of the foam was 1:20.
Etter blanding formning og tørking og brenning ved ca. 950°C ble oppnådd en mikroporøs helsten med en spesifik vekt på 0.78 kg/dm 3, dvs. en vek.tf orminskelse, henholdsvis en poroserings-grad' på mere enn 50%. De oppnådde sten hadde en tilfredsstillende trykkstyrke. After mixing, shaping and drying and firing at approx. 950°C, a microporous solid stone with a specific weight of 0.78 kg/dm 3 was obtained, i.e. a reduction in weight, respectively a degree of porosity of more than 50%. The stones obtained had a satisfactory compressive strength.
Eksempel 2.Example 2.
Med en liknende blanding som i eksempel 1 ble vedWith a similar mixture as in example 1 was used
en spesiell formningsprosess fremstilt perleformete, lette tegl-stengranulater. Som eksempel på kornstørrelsesfordelingen av slike granulater, bestemt som fin sand, kan anføres følgende siktresuj,-tater: a special shaping process produced pearl-shaped, light brick-stone granules. As an example of the grain size distribution of such granules, determined as fine sand, the following sieve measurements can be cited:
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK69475*#A DK69475A (en) | 1975-02-24 | 1975-02-24 | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURE OF LIGHT POROSE BUILDING AND INSULATION MATERIALS |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO760582L true NO760582L (en) | 1976-08-25 |
Family
ID=8096470
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO760582A NO760582L (en) | 1975-02-24 | 1976-02-20 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE838904A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2606975A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK69475A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2301490A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1055999B (en) |
LU (1) | LU74414A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7601832A (en) |
NO (1) | NO760582L (en) |
SE (1) | SE7602092L (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3107805A1 (en) * | 1981-02-28 | 1982-12-09 | Peter 2915 Saterland Mack | Foamed cement pat process for producing filter material |
US4654314A (en) * | 1983-07-09 | 1987-03-31 | Sumitomo Cement Co., Ltd. | Porous ceramic material and processes for preparing same |
ZA881468B (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-08-23 | Anthes Industries Inc. | Method and apparatus for the production of cellular concrete and foam concentrate used therein |
US4889670A (en) * | 1988-03-01 | 1989-12-26 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacturing green and ceramic foam |
DE3921095A1 (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1991-01-03 | Heinz Josef Krause | Finely porous granulate or moulding prodn. - by adding hydraulic binder to foam and mineral dust components before mixing |
DE19542700C2 (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1999-10-14 | Vgt Industriekeramik Gmbh | Large-format firebrick, in particular tin bath flooring brick, and method for its manufacture |
DE29722863U1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1998-12-10 | Ziegelwerk Klosterbeuren Ludwig Leinsing GmbH & Co., 87727 Babenhausen | Filled brick |
-
1975
- 1975-02-24 DK DK69475*#A patent/DK69475A/en unknown
-
1976
- 1976-02-20 NO NO760582A patent/NO760582L/no unknown
- 1976-02-20 DE DE19762606975 patent/DE2606975A1/en active Pending
- 1976-02-23 NL NL7601832A patent/NL7601832A/en unknown
- 1976-02-23 SE SE7602092A patent/SE7602092L/en unknown
- 1976-02-23 LU LU74414A patent/LU74414A1/xx unknown
- 1976-02-24 IT IT20512/76A patent/IT1055999B/en active
- 1976-02-24 FR FR7605116A patent/FR2301490A1/en active Granted
- 1976-02-24 BE BE164610A patent/BE838904A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE838904A (en) | 1976-08-24 |
FR2301490A1 (en) | 1976-09-17 |
DK69475A (en) | 1976-08-25 |
NL7601832A (en) | 1976-08-26 |
DE2606975A1 (en) | 1976-08-26 |
FR2301490B3 (en) | 1978-11-17 |
LU74414A1 (en) | 1977-05-06 |
IT1055999B (en) | 1982-01-11 |
SE7602092L (en) | 1976-08-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5482550A (en) | Structural building unit and method of making the same | |
US4824811A (en) | Lightweight ceramic material for building purposes, process for the production thereof and the use thereof | |
CN100528791C (en) | High-strength lightweight concrete building block and method of manufacture | |
CN105837153A (en) | Sulfur magnesium oxychloride foam cement exterior wall insulation board and preparation method thereof. | |
CN105859243A (en) | Magnesium oxysulfate cement foamed bricks and preparation method therefor | |
US4308065A (en) | Lightweight porous aggregate comprising alkali metal borosilicoaluminate and process for the preparation thereof | |
WO2021159912A1 (en) | Fire-resistant and thermal insulation material and preparation process therefor | |
EP1673317A1 (en) | Manufacture of articles from fly ash | |
NO760582L (en) | ||
CN102320804A (en) | Non-bearing insulating brick | |
RU2765095C1 (en) | Method for obtaining synthetic light ceramic sand and its application | |
KR0153376B1 (en) | Process for the preparation of a brick | |
RU2405743C1 (en) | Crude mixture for producing foamed silicate material and method of producing foamed silicate material (versions) | |
KR970000441B1 (en) | Porous ceramic materials using waste materials | |
US4307199A (en) | Process for making heat insulating firebricks | |
DE823723C (en) | Process for the production of porous artificial stones | |
US10358387B2 (en) | Concrete fire logs and refractory materials | |
RU2231505C1 (en) | Ceramic mass for making wall and facing articles | |
CN110282922A (en) | A kind of production technology of Novel foam concrete building block | |
CH623801A5 (en) | ||
CN113735551B (en) | Residue soil base baking-free light thermal insulation material and preparation method and application thereof | |
RU2767503C1 (en) | Crude mixture for cellular concrete | |
RU2341495C1 (en) | Agglutinant sand for heat-insulating material production | |
RU2323915C1 (en) | Charge for ceramics producing | |
Hajmohammadian Baghban | Thermal insulating cementitious composite containing aerogel and phosphate-based binder |