NO750823L - - Google Patents

Description

During the operation of internal combustion engines, there is

many operating conditions resulting from incomplete combustion are missing such as: Corrosion and wear due to acidic combustion products;

residues in the combustion chamber and in the discharge paths;

harmful substances such as CO and unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases.

These unavoidable phenomena are particularly serious in the case of engines running in a subcooled state3, as is the case over short distances.

In addition to the aforementioned deficiencies as they arise due to incompleteness. combustion, in the case of carbureted engines, contamination comes from the outside in the intake system and through the crankcase ventilation. These contaminants can greatly interfere with the formation of a proper fuel mixture, leading to an amplification of the above-mentioned deficiencies. Above all, the content of toxic CO in the exhaust gases can rise above the permitted value.

Attempts are made to override the above-mentioned shortcomings by adding various additives to the propellants. Such an additive continuously cleans the intake system of non- or heavily evaporating contaminants such as rubber, resins, lubricant clay, dirt and the like, and • thus ensures the formation of a correct fuel mixture. In the same way, combustion residues dissolve in the combustion chamber and in the discharge paths and protect the materials from corrosion.

It has been established that the addition of such an additive provides the following advantages: Protection of the materials from corrosion;

application possibilities for fuels with lower

octane number in Otto engines;

correct formation of fuel mixture when cleaning the intake system;

reduction of harmful substances in the exhaust gases, such as CO and unburned hydrocarbons;

cleaning of the combustion chamber and the discharge paths to remove runoff residues;

improvement of the combustion of motor fuels.

Numerous combinations of anticorrosive and purifying active substances have already been proposed as additives. This mainly involves combinations of corrosion protection agents and also selected detergents with solvents such as turpentine oil, camphor oils, alcohols, ketones, esters and halogenated hydrocarbons. In recent times, an additive consisting of polyalcohol fatty acid esters, i.e. free fatty acids with at least 12 C atoms, aliphatic fatty acids such as calcium phenylstearate, has been proposed as a particularly effective agent. Furthermore, it is proposed in this additive instead of aliphatic fatty acid esters to use esters of phenol and its homologues or fatty acid esters with a hydroxy or alkoxy group in the fatty acid part or in the alcohol part or in both, as well as mixtures of these esters.

The fuel additives according to the invention are characterized in that they contain at least one primary or secondary monohydric alcohol and/or keto alcohol as a carrier component.

A particularly preferred additive for fuels according to the invention contains

a) a basic condensation product of 1 mol of a polyethanolamine and at least 1 and at most 2 mol of a fatty acid with at least

10 carbon atoms or an equivalent amount of a mixture of such fatty acids, b) an ester that does not contain basic groups, which ester originates from a fatty acid optionally substituted with hydroxy or alkoxy groups, an aromatic or hydroaromatic acid or naphthenic acid or a mixture of such esters , which esters do not contain basic groups, c) one or more mineral oil raffinates with a viscosity of at least 1.6° E/20°C and a maximum of 15° E/50°C and d) as carrier component at least one primary or secondary one-

worthy alcohol and/or keto alcohol.

Primary or secondary monohydric alcohols with up to 10 carbon atoms, especially up to 5 carbon atoms, such as e.g. propanols and butanols, especially isobutanol, but also methanol, isooctanol, isononanol, decanol, etc., as well as the primary or secondary monovalent keto alcohols, especially diacetone alcohol. °E means °Angels. Components a) and b) are usually used in amounts of up to 50% by weight, component c) most often in amounts from 10 to 15%, with additives for diesel fuels also in amounts up to 80%. The carrier component usually amounts to approx. 50% of the calcifying substance, however, can also be present in amounts of up to approx. 80$.

For the production of component a), one can heat up in a manner known per se, e.g. 1 mole of triethanolamine with 1-. moles of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms, e.g. oleic acid, for one to three hours to temperatures above 130°C. In order to obtain bright condensation products, it is advantageous to carry out the reaction in containers made of glass, porcelain or corrosion-resistant steel, it can also be useful to carry out the reaction in a vacuum with the addition of metal deactivators, such as e.g. a Schiff's base of salicylaldehyde. After complete distillation of water and cooling, a pale yellow to slightly brownish colored condensation product is obtained by using oleic acid, which consists predominantly of the monooleic acid ester of triethanolamine. If, instead of 1 mol of oleic acid, 2 mol of this acid is used, predominantly triethanolamine diol ester is produced. The two condensation products mentioned are easily soluble in most solvents and in the mineral oil raffinates to be used.

Instead of the condensation product of triethanolamine and a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms, a product obtained by analog condensation of 1 mol of diethanolamine with 1 mol of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms can also be used, respectively a mixture of such fatty acids. If technical oleic acid is used as the fatty acid, the reaction product is predominantly the monooleic acid ester of diethanolamine.

As the ester component b), all corresponding and hydrocarbon-soluble higher-boiling esters or a mixture of esters are particularly suitable, preferably, however, those with an initial boiling of over 150°C, such as e.g. lauric acid ethyl ester, butyric acid isooctyl ester 3 acetic oleyl ester 3 benzoic acid ethyl ester 3 naphthenic isopropyl ester and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester.

As ester component b) however has esters of phenol and

their homologues and fatty acid esters where either the alcohol part or the fatty acid part or both of these carry a hydroxy or alkoxy group, or mixtures of such esters, have proven particularly effective. As esters of ^enol and its homologues, e.g. mention is made of cresyl acetate-xylene acetate, phenyl naphthenate, cresyl naphthenate or cresyl ester of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Fatty acid esters bearing a hydroxy or alkoxy group are e.g. methoxybutyl acetate, methoxyacetic acid ethyl ester, methoxybutyl ester of methoxyacetic acid, lactic acid cetyl ester 3 lauric acid monoester of methyl glycol, glycone monooleate or' mixtures thereof.

Components a) and b) can be dissolved in any order in component c), the carrier component can be added on

any time.

In engine tests, it has been shown that even small amounts of the individual components in the additive exert an optimal effect on a normal fuel. Usually 0.005 to 1% by volume, preferably 0.02 to 0.5% by volume, calculated on the motor fuel is sufficient.

The relevant quantity of the individual components present in the additive largely depends on the desired concentration of the individual components in the motor fuel and on the amount of the additive to be added to the fuel oil.

In addition to mineral oil raffinates, the additive may also contain synthetic aliphatic hydrocarbons such as "cogasine" and also synthetic or natural aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylbenzenes. The additives may also contain other substances such as e.g. corrosion inhibitors, ignition accelerators, octane number improvers, antioxidants, high pressure additives, combustion catalysts and the like, all substances which are usually added to fuels.

Claims (2)

1. Fuel additive for internal combustion engines, characterized in that it contains as carrier component at least one primary or secondary monohydric alcohol and/or keto alcohol. 2. Fuel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a) a basic condensation product of 1 mol of a polyethanolamine and at least 1 and at most 2 mol of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms or an equivalent amount of a mixture of such fatty acids , b) an ester that does not contain basic groups, which ester originates from a fatty acid optionally substituted with hydroxy or alkoxy groups, an ester of an aromatic or hydroaromatic acid or naphthenic acid or a mixture of such esters, which ester does not contain basic groups, c) one or more mineral oil raffinates with a viscosity of at least 1.6° E/20°C and a maximum of 15° E/50°C and d) at least one primary or secondary monohydric alcohol and/or keto alcohol as carrier component.