NO744280L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO744280L NO744280L NO744280A NO744280A NO744280L NO 744280 L NO744280 L NO 744280L NO 744280 A NO744280 A NO 744280A NO 744280 A NO744280 A NO 744280A NO 744280 L NO744280 L NO 744280L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- relay
- leads
- safety
- current
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000763 evoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
- H02H3/023—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order by short-circuiting
Description
))
Sikkerhétskopling for elektriske apparater.Safety coupling for electrical appliances.
Oppfinnelsen angår en sikkerhétskopling for elektriske apparater,, særlig bruksgjenstander, hvis gods er isolert overfor Vil-ledningene. The invention relates to a safety coupling for electrical appliances, especially consumer goods, the goods of which are insulated from the Vil cables.
Når isoleringen mellom apparatets gods bg tilledningene skades, kan godset føre spenniirgog ikke- lenger være berøringssikkert. When the insulation between the device's goods and the cables is damaged, the goods can conduct voltage and no longer be touch-proof.
Riktignok kan apparatets gods jordes, men da kan skadet isolasjon mellom spenningsførende ledning og gods føre, til overslag, som igjen kan medføre brannfare og ødeleggelse av apparatet. Hvis det,for jording anvendes en ledning med for stor motstand, kan det også i dette tilfelle godset føre.spenning som er berøringsfårlig. It is true that the appliance's goods can be earthed, but then damaged insulation between the live wire and the goods can lead to overturning, which in turn can lead to a fire hazard and destruction of the appliance. If a wire with too much resistance is used for grounding, in this case too the goods may carry voltage which is susceptible to contact.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringe en sikker- hetskopling av den innledningsvis nevnte art, som muliggjør at det kan fastslås opptreden av skade på isolasjonen, og at apparatet straks koples ut,.i det minste før at noen skade har skjedd. The purpose of the invention is to provide a safety coupling of the kind mentioned at the outset, which makes it possible to determine the appearance of damage to the insulation, and for the device to be immediately disconnected, at least before any damage has occurred.
Dette oppnås ifølge oppfinnelsen ved en strømtransforma-ter som foruten en første vikling som danner en del av den ene tilledning, og en andre vikling som danner en del av den andre tilledningsj--har en tredje vikling som påvirkes av strømdifferensen som styrer et relé som reagerer når strømdifferensen i den tredje vikling overskrider en bestemt verdi. This is achieved according to the invention by a current transformer which, in addition to a first winding which forms part of one lead, and a second winding which forms part of the other lead--has a third winding which is affected by the current difference which controls a relay which reacts when the current difference in the third winding exceeds a certain value.
Med en slik kopling vil en isolasjonsfeil føre til at en nominell strøm til gods overskrides. Strømtraraformatoren vil da avgi differansen mellom strømmene til tilledningene og reléet^yil reagere. Hvis' apparatets gods er jordet, vil denne nominelle strøm flyte med eh gang isolasjonsfeilen opptrer, slik at det straks skjer en utkop-ling. Det samme gjelder når godset ikke er jordet, men får en kapasi-tiv oppladning. Sikkerhetskoplingen arbeider pålitelig selv når en With such a connection, an insulation fault will cause a nominal current to be exceeded. The current transformer will then emit the difference between the currents to the leads and the relay^yil react. If the device's load is earthed, this nominal current will flow immediately when the insulation fault occurs, so that a disconnection occurs immediately. The same applies when the goods are not earthed, but receive a capacitive charge. The safety coupling works reliably even when a
slik strøm opptrer ved berøring av godset, fordi man ved egnet valfesuch current occurs when the goods are touched, because one uses the appropriate choice
. av relé<*>fefes følsomhet kan sørge for at den for reaksjon nødvendige differ&nsstrøm har en så liten verdi at det ikke oppstår faee f.eks. . of the relay<*>fefe's sensitivity can ensure that the differential current required for reaction has such a small value that it does not occur, e.g.
ved"berøring av et. menneske, eller som brannårsak.by "touching a person, or as a cause of fire.
Når det elektriske apparat ligger i serie med en over-strømsikfc&ng*slik det vanligvis er tilfelle, er det å anbefale at When the electrical appliance is in series with an over-current circuit, as is usually the case, it is recommended that
releet har én kortslutningsbryter mellom tilledningene. Por å frem-kalle -kort slutning, er det bare nødvendig med forholdsvis små komponenter. Releet kan imidlertid også ha en brytékontakt eller sggar en bryter som åpner direkte eller indirekte i hver tilledning. the relay has one short-circuit switch between the leads. Por å evoking -short conclusion, only relatively small components are needed. However, the relay can also have a switch contact or say a switch that opens directly or indirectly in each connection.
Ved en foretrukket utførelsesform har releet en ved vek-selspenningsdrift•sjfametrisk, styrt halvlederlikeretter mellom tilledningene, idet den tredje vikling er koplet mellom den ene tilledning og likeretterens styreeléktrodé. Por å bringe halvlederlikeretteren i ledende tilstand, er bare en forholdsvis liten styrestrøm nød-vendig.''"' '• Særlig kan kortslutningsbryteren og strømtransformatdren anordnes i et støpsel for, apparatets tilledninger. Denne sikkerhétskopling opptar derfor praktisk talt ikke noe ekstra plass. In a preferred embodiment, the relay has a semiconductor rectifier controlled by alternating voltage operation•sphametrically between the leads, the third winding being connected between one lead and the rectifier's control electrode. In order to bring the semiconductor rectifier into a conducting state, only a relatively small control current is necessary.''"' '• In particular, the short-circuit breaker and the current transformer can be arranged in a plug for the device's connections. This safety coupling therefore takes up practically no extra space.
Sikkerhetskoplingen ifølge oppfinnelsen er egnet for alle elektriske apparater hvor en skadet isolasjon kan komme i betraktning,, og særlig for husholdningsapparater og andre bruksgjenstander. Typisk The safety coupling according to the invention is suitable for all electrical appliances where a damaged insulation can come into consideration, and in particular for household appliances and other utility items. Typical
■■'■-)■■'■-)
eksempel er et kjøleskap, hobbyverktøy og strykejern. Sikkerhets-koplingeh kan også anvendes, i tillegg til andre beskyttelsesinn-retninger. examples are a refrigerator, hobby tools and an iron. Safety couplings can also be used, in addition to other protective devices.
Oppfinnelsen skal nedenfor forklares nærmere under hen-visning til tegningen. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
Pig. 1 viser et koplingsskjema for en sikkerhétskopling. ifølge oppfinnelsen med elektronisk kortslutningsbryter. Pig. 1 shows a connection diagram for a safety connection. according to the invention with an electronic short-circuit switch.
Pig. 2 viser et støpsel med innebygget sikkerhétskopling ifølge oppfinnelsen. Pig. 2 shows a plug with built-in safety coupling according to the invention.
Klemmene .1 og 2 i et vekselstrømsnett er gjennom en over-strømsmeltesikririg 3 og en hovedbryter 4 forbundet med et elektrisk apparat 5. Apparatet har gods. 6 f.eks. kjøleskap, og spenningsførende elektriske komponenter .7. Mellom disse komponenter og gods 6 er det anordnet en ikke vist isolasjon. I tilledningene 8 og 9 er anordnet et sikkerhetsrelé .10 som inneholder én kortslutningsbryter i form av en symmetrisk styrt halvlederlikeretter 11, som er koplet mellom tilledningene 8 og 9. Dessuten er det anordnet en strømtransformator 12 hvis ene vikling 13 ligger i tilledningen 8, hvis andre vikling 14 lig-j ger ,i tilledningen 9, og en tredje vikling fører en strøm når strøm-men i tilledningene 8 og 9 er forskjellige. Den tredje vikling 15 ei* forbundet mellom den ene tilledning 9 og styreelektroden 16 i haly-lederlikeretteren li. Terminals .1 and 2 in an alternating current network are connected to an electrical device 5 through an overcurrent fuse 3 and a main switch 4. The device has goods. 6 e.g. refrigerators, and live electrical components .7. An insulation, not shown, is arranged between these components and goods 6. A safety relay .10 is arranged in the leads 8 and 9, which contains one short-circuit switch in the form of a symmetrically controlled semiconductor rectifier 11, which is connected between the leads 8 and 9. A current transformer 12 is also arranged, one winding 13 of which is located in the lead 8, if second winding 14 lies in the lead 9, and a third winding carries a current when the currents in the leads 8 and 9 are different. The third winding 15 is not* connected between the one lead 9 and the control electrode 16 in the haly conductor rectifier li.
I- normal drift flyter det i viklingen 13 samme strømIn normal operation, the same current flows in winding 13
som i viklingen 14. Halvlederlikeretteren 11 er derfor sperret. Det antas at gods 6 er forbundet med jord 21. Hvis. det opptrer en isolasjonsfeil, så flyter det gjennom skadestedet en strøm til jord. Som følge derav vil viklingene 13 og 14 føre forskjellig strøm. Derved induseres det i den tredje vikling 15 en spenning, og straks strøm-dif fergnsen overskrider en forhåndsbestemt verdi,- blir halvlederlike-.retteren 11 ledende. Det oppstår da en kortslutning mellom.ledningene 8 og 9, -og sikringen 3 reagerer slik at apparatet koples fra nettet. Hvis gods 6 ikke er jordet, vil det i sikkerhetskoplingen flyte en strøm, først ved berøring. Den for utløsning nødvendige strøm kan imidlertid ved tilsvarende dimensjonering av releet 10.,være så liten at ingen skade opptrer ved berøring. as in the winding 14. The semiconductor rectifier 11 is therefore blocked. It is assumed that goods 6 are connected to soil 21. If. an insulation fault occurs, then a current flows through the damage site to earth. As a result, the windings 13 and 14 will carry different currents. Thereby, a voltage is induced in the third winding 15, and as soon as the current difference exceeds a predetermined value, the semiconductor rectifier 11 becomes conductive. A short circuit then occurs between the wires 8 and 9, and the fuse 3 reacts so that the appliance is disconnected from the mains. If goods 6 are not earthed, a current will flow in the safety circuit, first upon contact. The current required for tripping can, however, with corresponding dimensioning of the relay 10., be so small that no damage occurs when touched.
Pig. 2 viser hvorledes alle vesentlige deler av sikkerhetskoplingen kan.anordnes i et støpsel 17 for tilledningene. De to kontaktstifter 18 og 19 er forbundet med hver sin tilledning 8 og 9. Pig. 2 shows how all essential parts of the safety connection can be arranged in a plug 17 for the connections. The two contact pins 18 and 19 are connected to their respective leads 8 and 9.
Dissd tilledningér er ført gjennom kjernen i strømtransformatoren 12. Dissd leads are routed through the core of the current transformer 12.
Halvlederlikeretteren 11 er forbundét med støpselstiftene 18 og 19. The semiconductor rectifier 11 is connected to the plug pins 18 and 19.
Styreelektroden 16 for halvlederlikeretteren er forbundet med den ene ende av den tredje vikling i strømtransformatoren, og den andre ende The control electrode 16 for the semiconductor rectifier is connected to one end of the third winding in the current transformer, and the other end
av den tredje vikling er forbundet med støpselstiften 18. Dé to tilledningér. 8 og 9 er i en kabel 20 ført til apparatet. of the third winding is connected to plug pin 18. The two leads. 8 and 9 are in a cable 20 led to the device.
Ved denne sikkerhétskopling oppnås, sikring mot skader ved isolasjonsfeil med få og enkle midler. Da releet etter kortslutnings-prinsippet kan bestå av en halvlederlikeretter, vil selv et forholdsvis svakt signal føre til utløsning. - Da.releet bare tilordnes et elektrisk apparat, kan reléets følsomhet gjøres så stor at ingen for-styrrelser ved impulser fra andre bruksgjenstander kan opptre, slik at det oppnås stor grad av sikkerhet. Innbygning av alle vesentlige komponenter i et støpsel i tilledningene fører til en ytterligere for-enkling. P.écs. kan støpselet også være et normalt jordingsstøpsel With this safety coupling, protection against damage due to insulation faults is achieved with few and simple means. As the relay can consist of a semiconductor rectifier according to the short-circuit principle, even a relatively weak signal will trigger tripping. - When the relay is only assigned to an electrical device, the sensitivity of the relay can be made so great that no disturbances due to impulses from other objects of use can occur, so that a high degree of safety is achieved. Incorporating all essential components in a plug into the leads leads to further simplification. P.écs. the plug can also be a normal earthing plug
med jording til godset 6. Oppfinnelsen er også egnet for flere enn with earthing to the goods 6. The invention is also suitable for more than
en fase.. a phase..
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2360037A DE2360037A1 (en) | 1973-12-01 | 1973-12-01 | SAFETY CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO744280L true NO744280L (en) | 1975-06-30 |
Family
ID=5899666
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO744280A NO744280L (en) | 1973-12-01 | 1974-11-27 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5086652A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7491274A (en) |
BE (1) | BE821917A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7410014A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2360037A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK572174A (en) |
ES (1) | ES432378A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2253299A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1024884B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7415418A (en) |
NO (1) | NO744280L (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2426973A1 (en) * | 1978-05-23 | 1979-12-21 | Laprom Corp Nv | LEAKAGE CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKER |
US4412715A (en) * | 1981-01-12 | 1983-11-01 | Virginia Patent Development Corp. | Modular electrical plug incorporating conductive path |
DE3431581A1 (en) * | 1984-08-28 | 1986-03-20 | Friedrich Dipl.-Ing. 8033 Krailling Lauerer | Electrical circuit breaker |
DE3903025A1 (en) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-09 | Asea Brown Boveri | Method for protecting individuals |
EP0513405A1 (en) * | 1991-05-11 | 1992-11-19 | Intermacom A.G. | Method and apparatus for current interruption in electrically-powered apparatus and equipment |
DE102004016740B4 (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2006-08-31 | Siemens Ag | Method for detecting an insulation fault in a high-voltage converter |
JP4942771B2 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2012-05-30 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Overcurrent switchgear and bridge device |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS445389Y1 (en) * | 1965-09-06 | 1969-02-26 |
-
1973
- 1973-12-01 DE DE2360037A patent/DE2360037A1/en active Pending
-
1974
- 1974-10-31 AU AU74912/74A patent/AU7491274A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-04 DK DK572174A patent/DK572174A/da unknown
- 1974-11-06 BE BE150271A patent/BE821917A/en unknown
- 1974-11-21 IT IT70406/74A patent/IT1024884B/en active
- 1974-11-26 NL NL7415418A patent/NL7415418A/en unknown
- 1974-11-27 NO NO744280A patent/NO744280L/no unknown
- 1974-11-28 ES ES74432378A patent/ES432378A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-28 FR FR7439094A patent/FR2253299A1/en active Granted
- 1974-11-29 BR BR10014/74A patent/BR7410014A/en unknown
- 1974-12-02 JP JP49138254A patent/JPS5086652A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7491274A (en) | 1976-05-06 |
BE821917A (en) | 1975-03-03 |
DK572174A (en) | 1975-07-21 |
JPS5086652A (en) | 1975-07-12 |
DE2360037A1 (en) | 1975-06-12 |
FR2253299A1 (en) | 1975-06-27 |
ES432378A1 (en) | 1976-12-01 |
FR2253299B3 (en) | 1977-08-26 |
NL7415418A (en) | 1975-06-03 |
IT1024884B (en) | 1978-07-20 |
BR7410014A (en) | 1976-05-25 |
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