NO347354B1 - Flame retardant coating composition - Google Patents
Flame retardant coating compositionInfo
- Publication number
- NO347354B1 NO347354B1 NO20210148A NO20210148A NO347354B1 NO 347354 B1 NO347354 B1 NO 347354B1 NO 20210148 A NO20210148 A NO 20210148A NO 20210148 A NO20210148 A NO 20210148A NO 347354 B1 NO347354 B1 NO 347354B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- coating composition
- binder
- group
- coating
- alkylaryl
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title description 38
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 22
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005417 food ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910005451 FeTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 45
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 poly(phenylene ether) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006115 industrial coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii,iii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K ferric hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Fe+3] MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical class C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZWXOQTHCXRZUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);manganese(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn+2].[Mn+3].[Mn+3] ZWXOQTHCXRZUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010751 BS 2869 Class A2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010754 BS 2869 Class F Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019227 E-number Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004243 E-number Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004844 Na2B4O7.10H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021552 Vanadium(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SLHXSTYDYJJADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti+4].ClOCl Chemical compound [Ti+4].ClOCl SLHXSTYDYJJADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium bromide Chemical compound Br[Al](Br)Br PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium iodide Chemical compound I[Al](I)I CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CYKDLUMZOVATFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl acetate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CC(=O)OC=C CYKDLUMZOVATFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006150 hyperbranched polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010213 iron oxides and hydroxides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004407 iron oxides and hydroxides Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000462 iron(III) oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021519 iron(III) oxide-hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FLTRNWIFKITPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe] FLTRNWIFKITPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J vanadium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[V](Cl)(Cl)Cl JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/016—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
Description
Flame retardant coating composition
The present invention belongs to the technical field of flame retardant coatings, and more particularly to flame retardant coating composition suitable for processing on coating lines such as curtain coating lines as defined by the preamble of claim 1.
Flame retardants inhibit, suppress, or delay ignition of flammable materials and prevent the spread of fire. They interfere with radical processes, which are important for the development of fire, act as heat sink and/or form a barrier between the fire and the flammable material. Flame retardants comprising polymers are of high interest because they combine flame retardants with other desired properties such as ease of application, water repellence and wear resistance.
The use of synthetic polymers in buildings or construction applications is steadily increasing and hazards that result from the burning of such materials are of current interest. The majority of polymer containing end products must pass regulatory tests and there is therefore considerable interest in the design of materials that can pass such tests. Halogenated flame retardant systems are very efficient, however environmental concerns have prompted the development of alternative flame retardant systems. Fire retardant systems covers a broad range of approaches, including intumescent systems, char formation and the use of heat sink additives such as aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. The advantages of char formation are reduced mass of volatiles, thermal insulation, barrier to combustible gases and increased thermal capacity.
Application of flame leads to polymer degradation and formation of a char layer over the virgin polymer. Part of the carbon remains in the condensed phase, which reduces the mass of volatile combustible material. Due to its low thermal conductivity the char layer acts as thermal insulation, absorbing some of the heat input and therefore reducing the heat flux reaching the virgin polymer. A charred surface acts as a physical barrier, obstructing the flow of combustible gases generated from the degradation of the underlying unburnt material, and hindering the access of oxygen to the surface of the polymer. The formation of a mixture of char and polymer increases the thermal capacity of the material relative to the scenario without char formation, too.
Flame retardants comprising polymers are widely investigated. Char yield and barrier properties of the formed char layer are assumed to be improved with polymers as starting material.
CN 109233402 A discloses a fireproof coating comprising a silicone-acrylic polymer, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and dipentaerythritol as charring substance.
CN 108822697 A discloses a flame retardant coating comprising epoxy acrylate resin, amino resin, fillers, ammonium polyphosphate, a flame-retardant charring agent and a film forming agent.
CN 108641559 A discloses an intumescent flame retardant coating comprising modified ammonium polyphosphate, hyperbranched polyester, and polyvinyl alcohol. The coating composition is dissolved in ethanol.
US 2015004402 A discloses an intumescent coating composition having improved char yield, comprising particulate (1-100 µm) poly(phenylene ether), a film-forming binder, an acid source and a blowing agent.
CN 102241904 A discloses an aqueous expansion-type fireproof coating, which is prepared by sufficiently grinding a film-forming material formed by compounding thermosetting polyurethane-acrylate emulsion and thermoplastic vinyl acetate-acrylate emulsion, ammonium polyphosphate used as an acid source, white sugar used as a carbon source, dicyandiamide and diammonium hydrogen phosphate used as gas sources and porous perlite used as a flameretardant aid.
CN 101914333 A discloses a fire protecting coating for steel structures, comprising a laminar silicate nano composite emulsion prepared by using an in-situ emulsion polymerization method as a film-forming base material, with charcoal-forming agent and catalyst added.
KR 20080047146 discloses a flame retardant miscible with thermoplastics and thermosets comprising a cyclic phosphazene crosslinked by piperazine. Mixtures of the flame retardant with thermoplastics and/or thermosets have high flame-retardant effect by forming a thick char film on the surface of a resin.
KR 20160050402 A relates to a non-flammable composition including SiO2 and more specifically to a non-flammable composition including a non-flammable base composition and SiO2 having an amount of 10 to 45 wt% of the non-flammable base composition. The non-flammable base composition includes 50.4-64.8 wt% of at least one binder resin selected from a water-soluble or water-dispersible acrylic resin and a water-soluble or water-dispersible vinyl-based resin; 20-25 wt% of water; 6-26 wt% of extensible graphite; and 2-4 wt% of white kerosene.
US 4425465 A describes an aqueous coating composition for the corrosion-protection and/or fire-protection of substrates comprising a dispersion of chemically delaminated vermiculite lamellae in an aqueous solution or dispersion of a film-forming polymeric binder. Preferably, the vermiculite lamellae are of size below 50 microns, especially below 20 microns, and the filmforming polymeric binder is in the form of a colloidal dispersion or emulsion of the polymer in water (a latex).
US 2007/0197686 A1 teaches a fire-protective coating comprising a water-soluble alkali metal silicate binder, at least one inorganic particulate material which endothermically releases a nonflammable gas in the presence of heat, and an inorganic filler and/or a polymeric binder.
US 2012/ 0309886 concerns a composition for forming a non-flammable coating comprising 50.4-64.8 wt-% of at least one type of a binder resin selected from aqueous or waterborne acrylic resin and aqueous or waterborne vinyl resin; 19.6-25.2 wt-% of water; 6-26 wt-% of expanded graphite; and 2-4 wt-% of kerosene as well as a non-flammable coating obtained from the composition are disclosed herein.
US 4826899 A discloses a low smoke generating, high char forming, substantially nondripping flame resistant thermoplastic multi-block copolyester, containing a bromine flame retardant antimony trioxide, alumina trihydrate and other fillers and coupling agents. Bromine flame retardants and antimony trioxide are frequently not regarded as environmentally sustainable.
Brominated epoxy resins are widely known, e.g. from US 4965657 A and US 5443911 A. Film forming flame retardant coatings and compositions can be obtained. The same is true when brominated and other halogenated additives are used as taught in WO 17179340 A1, EP 2097485 A2 and EP 1449880 B1. However brominated monomers, polymers and additives for polymer compositions are questionable from an environmental point of view and difficult to use in combination with materials from renewable sources such as cardboard, wood or polymers made from renewable monomers.
EP 1627896 B1 and EP 1607400 B1 disclose phosphorus-containing flame retardants and their use in polymer compositions.
All of these documents disclose flame retardants mixed with film forming polymers. With the exception of environmentally questionable brominated epoxy resins, said polymers do not show an intrinsic low flammability or fire retardancy. Flame retardancy is provided by suitable additives, which are known as flame retardants. Halogenated and phosphorus-containing flame retardants are more and more questioned from an environmental point of view. The same is true for compositions containing boric acid or other borates.
The Euroclass System is a leading standard for fire safety classification (Class A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F). Testing according to EN 13823 (single burning item test, SBI) and classification according EN 13501 is demanded for every building product used in larger buildings or in buildings where evacuation of residents might be delayed e.g. from hospitals or senior care facilities. Prior to testing or after failing to meet any of the requirements of Class A1 to Class E a product is classified as Class F. Products having a significant contribution to fire but resist a small flame for a short time are Class E. Products with a contribution to fire but a certain resistance to a flame are Class D. Products that meet more stringent requirements than Class D with limited contribution to fire fall into Class C. This classification is always followed by additional classification for smoke (s1, s2 or s3) and burning droplets (d0, d1 or d2). Highly resistant materials are Class B. This classification is also followed by additional classification for smoke and burning droplets. Building products with no contribution to fire but with the potential to produce smoke or burning droplets are Class A2 which is also followed by additional classification for smoke and droplets. Materials that cannot contribute to a fire at any stage, including a fully developed fire are awarded Class A1.
It is frequently desired that standard wood boards including particle boards, medium density fiber (MDF) boards, plywood and oriented strand boards (OSB) are moved from Class E or D to Class B. Fire retardant coatings, which are suitable to provide the desired improvement of fire classification are well known.
KR101733580 B1 discloses a wood panel comprising a flame retarding phenol resin coating layer or a flame retarding melamine resin coating layer.
CN104149157 A discloses a fire retardant treatment method for a straw board. Fire retardant paint is sprayed onto the surface of the semi-finished board.
WO9913022 A1 discloses a fire-retardant and biocide composition containing boric acid (H3BO3), borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O or Na2B4O7.5H2O), binder and water.
US5206088 teaches a method and a material for the protection of construction materials against the thermal effects of fire comprising an ablative layer coated on the fire-exposed surface. The coating is provided with an intumescent paint comprising aluminium sulphate.
WO2006010927 discloses a curtain coating process using a high solids content composition. A typical coating composition comprises a small amount of binder and rheology additive and a large amount of calcium carbonate. The target substrate is paper or cardboard and the coating thickness is typically 10 g/m<2>. Coatings suitable for flame retardant wooden boards are not mentioned. The large ratio of calcium carbonate to binder would yield a brittle coating which provides a limited fire protection to the wooden board below.
None of these documents teaches the preparation of flame retardant paint and its use in high throughput coating processes such as curtain coating, roll coating or blade coating of wooden boards. The problem is that high throughput coating processes demand a considerably high content of binder in order to provide the required process stability during deposition of the paint film onto the surface of the wooden board, whereby the high content of binder involves a high contribution to fire and reduced flame retardance of the coated board.
It is therefore a need for flame retardant paint and/or coating with a content of binder being high enough to make high throughput coating processes feasible and low enough to limit the contribution to fire of the binder and of the protected wooden board in order to make a fire class B rating feasible.
Objects
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a coating composition comprising enough organic binder in order to be useful in high throughput industrial coating processes and capable of providing fire class B to coated wooden boards without comprising environmentally questionable flame retardants.
The present invention
The above mentioned objects are achieved by a coating composition as defined by claim 1.
Preferred embodiments of the different aspects of the invention are disclosed by the dependent claims.
The problem is to provide coating compositions with a considerable portion of binder in order to make industrial coating processes feasible and at the same time avoid that the considerable portion of binder provides too much combustible material to achieve a desired fire class.
The solution is to choose a sufficient portion of binder in order to make industrial coating processes feasible and to choose a chemical composition of the binder, which along with choosing another component of the coating composition leads to a high char formation from the binder during flame application.
The present invention relates to a flame retardant coating comprising organic binder and inorganic material each of which may be in use for applications in which flame retardance is not the primary goal. The invention aims particularly at coating formulations comprising combinations of organic binder and inorganic material, which provide good coating line processing and good flame retardant properties.
Char formation after flame application to a dried coating is facilitated by a high ratio of carbon to hydrogen (C:H) in the chemical composition of the binder. Oxygen (O) should be limited in the chemical composition of the binder and nitrogen (N) should rather be used. However, binders having a high C:H ratio, low content of O and a rather high content of N are rare, often expensive and/or environmentally questionable.
Binders comprising at least one structure element of formula (I)
offer another route for increased char formation. Flame application leads to emission of R<3>-OR<1 >at temperatures below the auto ignition temperature of the binder. R<1 >is selected among the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl and acyl, R<4 >and R<3 >are selected among the group consisting of H, halogen, alkyl, aryl and alkylaryl and at least one of R<4>, R<3 >is H. R<2 >is selected among the group consisting of H, aryl and alkylaryl and n is an integer selected between 1 and 1000.
Equation 1 shows a binder with R<1>, R<2>, R<3 >and R<4 >are H. Heating of such a polyvinyl alcohol type binder leads to loss of water. The chemical composition of the heated binder shows total loss of O and a significantly doubling of the C:H ratio from 5,96 to 11,92.
Composition: C(92.26%) H(7.74%)
Equation 1: Heating of a binder of the type polyvinyl alcohol leads to significantly increase of C:H and loss of O
The heated binder can be oxidized to carbon, which can be used to maximize the char formation. Surprisingly it has been found that metal compounds with a limited, yet visible oxidation potential under flame conditions lead to a high char yield together with heated binder. Typical examples of high char yield metal compounds are iron(III)oxide hydroxide (FeOOH), silicon oxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), cerium(IV)oxide (CeO2), manganese(II,III)oxide (Mn3O4), iron(II)titanium(IV)oxide (Fe2TiO4), iron(III)titanium(IV)oxide (Fe2TiO5), nickel(II)oxide (NiO).
Equation 2 shows the oxidation of heated polyvinyl alcohol by iron(III) oxide.
...
Composition: C(100.00%)
Equation 2: Oxidation of heated polyvinyl alcohol to graphite by iron(III)oxide
In absence of a metal compound the char formation of polyvinyl alcohol upon heating is very low. Char formation is often less than 1% when the heating is performed in air.
Too high oxidation potential leads to fast oxidation and the heat generated by the oxidation process leads to partial ignition of the binder and loss of carbon along with loss of hydrogen. Typical examples of metal compounds with too high oxidation potential are manganese(III)oxide (Mn2O3), cobalt(II,III)oxide (Co3O4) and Cu(II)oxide (CuO).
Too low oxidation potential leads to slow or absent oxidation of the heated binder. Char formation is less than with high char yield metal compounds and the fire retardance of a coating based on such a combination of binder and metal compound is therefore less than with high char yield metal compounds. Typical examples of metal compounds with too low oxidation potential are aluminium(III)oxide (Al2O3) and magnesium(II)oxide (MgO). The corresponding hydroxides Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 or similar hydroxides are known heat sinkers and may be used as flame retardants in coating compositions according to the present invention.
It has to be taken into account that reactions with flame gases, secondary air, coating components other than the binder and components from the substrate may have influence on the char formation. Different metal compounds and/or metal compounds may be mixed, combined or sintered in order to achieve a maximum of char formation. Inorganic metal salts, metal oxides, organic metal salts and metal organic compounds may be used in order to achieve a maximum of char formation. Investigations on metal compounds and their redox chemistry in chemical looping processes may provide further possible candidates of metal compounds for executing the present invention (Liang Zeng, Zhuo Cheng et al. “Metal oxide redox chemistry for chemical looping processes”, Nat. Rev. Chem., 2018, 2, 349–364). In addition to its chemical composition the concentration of a metal compound will have an influence on the amount of char formation.
A distinct metal compound with suitable oxidation potential may at a low concentration, lead to a considerably high char formation of a certain binder and at a high concentration to a lower char formation of the same binder. The reason is similar as for a metal compound with too high oxidation potential: too fast oxidation and heat generated by the oxidation process lead to partial ignition of the binder and loss of carbon along with loss of hydrogen.
The dry components of a coating composition according to the present invention may mainly consist of binder and metal compound. Optionally other components such as pigments, colorants, rheology modifiers, extenders and biocides may be included. The preferred solvent is water. Organic solvents may be used, provided they are removed completely or close to completion from the dried coating during the drying process.
A natural lower limit for the ratio of binder and metal compound is the oil number of the metal compound. For example, a typical quality of TiO2, which may be used as metal compound may have an oil number of 25. This means that 25 g of oil or binder may be mixed with 100 g of TiO2 and that the product is still a more or less dry powder. A coating with 25 g (20%) of binder and 100 g (80%) of TiO2 would be at the limit to obtain a useful dried coating on a combustible substrate.
An upper limit is given by the fact that further increase of the amount of binder in the coating composition does not further improve the processing on an industrial coating line, because this is good enough. However further increase of the amount of binder might impair the fire retardance of the coating. The concentration of binder and metal compound may be even or uneven distributed along an axis perpendicular to the coating plane. An uneven distribution of binder and metal compound may be obtained by forming a final coating layer from two or more subsequently applied coating layers with different concentrations of binder and metal compound.
In a first embodiment the manufacturing of the binder comprises at least one monomer of formula (II)
R<1 >is selected among the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl and acyl, R<4 >and R<3 >are selected among the group consisting of H, halogen, alkyl, aryl and alkylaryl and at least one of R<4>, R<3 >is H. R<2 >is selected among the group consisting of H, aryl and alkylaryl and the R<1>-O-group is optionally subjected to hydrolysis after the preparation of said binder. Polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol copolymers are typical examples of binders, which are subjected to hydrolysis after preparation. Without hydrolysis polyvinyl acetates can be prepared.
In a second embodiment the coating composition comprises at least one polymer, oligomer or monomer with one or more aromatic groups to which one or more HO-groups are covalently bound. Similar to the process shown in equation 1 and equation 2 such polymer, oligomer or monomers loose water upon heating and are turned into char by the metal compound. Equation 3 shows char formation when resorcinol is heated in the presence of a metal compound such as iron(III) oxide.
: C(65.45%) H(5.49%) O(29.06%)
Composition: C(97.28%) H(2.72%)
Composition: C(100.00%)
Equation 3: Elimination of water and partial oxidation in order to form char from resorcinol In a third embodiment the coating composition preferably consists of substances selected from the group of food contact materials according to the amended Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 and most preferred of substances approved as food ingredients by the European Food Safety Authority. Substances approved as food ingredients by the European Food Safety Authority are assigned an E-number. For example, polyvinyl alcohol is assigned E1203, titanium dioxide is assigned E171 and iron oxides and iron hydroxides are assigned E172. The reason why people often are sceptical to flame retardants is that they have perceived that “the demon fire is driven out with other demons”. Using solely components in flame retardant coatings, which are allowed in food packaging or even as ingredients in food should help to overcome this perception.
In a fourth embodiment the metal after having provided oxygen during flame application remains integrated in the char. This may improve the thermal and/or mechanical properties of the char, which in turn provides a more stable and save fire protection.
In a fifth embodiment the performance of at least one metal compound is connected to its ability to release oxygen. As shown before have different metal compounds different ability to form char from the heated binder. The metal compounds are chosen according to their equilibrium oxygen partial pressure at 1000 °C. The oxygen partial pressure may be between 10<-5 >and 10<-30 >bar or between 10<-8 >and 10<-25 >bar or between 10<-10 >and 10<-20 >bar or between 10<-12 >and 10<-18 >bar.
In a sixth embodiment the coating composition comprises at least two different metal compounds with different equilibrium oxygen partial pressure. Different metal compounds with different equilibrium oxygen partial pressure may be instrumental in order to adjust the oxidation potential of metal compound and to achieve a maximum of char.
In a seventh embodiment the coating composition comprises at least one chlorine containing chemical substance, comprising a covalent C-Cl bond. The type of carbon in the C-Cl bond is selected from the group of benzyl carbon, tertiary carbon, allyl carbon and carbon in chlorinated sugars. C-Cl bonds in benzyl carbon, tertiary carbon, allyl carbon and carbon in chlorinated sugars can in the presence of metal compounds or hydroxides easily form the corresponding metal chlorides, water and char. All of these contribute to the fire protection of the coating. An example is shown in equation 3. Heating of a mixture of an iron containing substance such as Fe(OH)3 (iron(III) hydroxide) with chlorinated sugar such as sucralose can lead to the formation of char in addition to ferric chloride upon moderate heating, typically to 150 °C. The formation of FeCl3 (iron(III) chloride) facilitates the formation of char.
Equation 3: Heating of iron(III) hydroxide and sucralose yields char, water and iron(III) chloride
Volatile, semi volatile or subliming metal halogenates or metal oxy halogenates including, but not limited to iron(III) chloride, tin(IV) chloride, vanadium(IV) chloride, titanium(IV) chloride, titanium(IV) oxychloride, aluminium(III) chloride, aluminium(III) bromide, aluminium(III) iodide may be formed involving metal compounds according to the present invention and they may act as flame poisons and contribute to increased char formation.
A seventh embodiment refers to the application of the coating composition on a combustible substrate. The application of the coating composition provides an additional top layer to the combustible substrate. The additional top layer and the combustible substrate yield a laminate comprising at least two layers. The additional top layer of the laminate comprises dried coating composition in a mass to area ratio of at least 300 g/m<2 >or at least 200 g/m<2 >or at least 150 g/m<2 >or at least 80 g/m<2>. Due to the fire protection by the coating composition according to the present invention the laminate shows a reaction on fire in a single burning item test (SBI, EN 13823) with a total energy release THR600 ≤ 7.5 MJ. THR600 is the total heat release after 600 seconds and is the most important measured value in the SBI test. THR600 ≤ 7.5 MJ is necessary in order to obtain fire class B, which is a must for fire protecting coatings for boards and other combustible substrates in many buildings. The combustible substrate without the additional top layer usually yields a total energy release THR600 >15.0 MJ in the SBI test, which yields class D. In some cases the threshold of THR600 >30.0 MJ is exceeded which could lead to a disastrous fire in a building.
Yet another embodiment refers to articles other than top coated substrates which comprise at least one coating composition according to the present invention.
Examples
Example 1: Coating compositions
The binder polymer was dissolved in water and the metal compound(s) mixed into the solution by high shear mixing. The composition of the coatings as weight % of dry coating is given in table 1 below.
Table 1: Com osition of coatin s
1) Comparison
2) According to the present invention
Example 2: Coating of particle board and burning test
Particle board samples have been prepared from 12 mm particle boards (Arbor “beregnet til maling”- “with intention to be painted”). The particle boards are classified as D,s2-d0 which states a THR600 > 15 MJ. Sample boards of 62 cm length and 15 cm width have been coated by brush with the coating compositions of Example 1 and dried under infrared lamps (2 kW) in order to prepare laminates for comparison and according to the present invention. Coated boards with dry coating weight of 100-200 g/m<2 >are obtained. Two sample boards have been connected on their long sides by four metal screws to form a 90 ° corner.
Each of the corners has been installed in a steel chamber, which is suitable for medium scale
burning tests. 300 g of gelatinized ethanol in an aluminium char has been placed at the lower
corner of the sample and ignited. After 20 minutes, the residues of burning gelatinized ethanol in
the aluminium char have been removed. The heat release measured by weight loss showed a heat impact of 6-8 kW during the 20 minutes test and the area covered by heat from the burning ethanol was 0.1-0.2 m<2>. The heat impact is comparable to an SBI test, in which 30 kW are applied on 0.5-1.0 m<2>. The dry coating weight prior to the burning test, the weight loss due to the burning test, the maximum flame height in relation to the board length and presence or absence of lateral flame spread are shown in table 2 below:
Table 2: Results of burning test
The weight loss and the maximum flame height of the particle board samples according to the present invention is significantly lower than the respective weight loss and maximum flame height of the comparison particle board sample.
The particle boards used in example 2 have a typical area density of 9.0 kg/m<2>. In an SBI test the sample corner is made of panels of 1.00 m x 1.50 m 0.50 m x 1.50 m size. The width of the burner area is 0.25 m 0.25 m. With a maximum flame height of 100 % and no lateral flame spread the size of the burnt area is (0.25+0.25) m x 1.50 m = 0.75 m<2>. The corresponding mass below the burnt area is: 0.75 m<2 >x 9.0 kg/m<2 >= 6.8 kg. A mass loss of 5 weight % corresponds to 0.34 kg and with an average energy content of a particle board of 17 MJ/kg the total heat release is 5.7 MJ. This is well below the threshold of THR600 ≤ 7.5 MJ, which is necessary to comply with the class B rating.
In this calculation it is not taken into account that the flame height as shown in table 2 may be less than 100% (No.3 and 4) and that the weight loss includes loss of water, which will not contribute to the total heat release. Both items reduce the amount of burnt mass contributing to heat release, which is in favour of a class B rating. It should also be taken into account that today’s flame retardant coating boards frequently have coating thicknesses of 350 g/m<2 >and more. It is very likely that the heat release from laminates according to the present invention with a coating area weight of 350 g/m<2 >will yield even lower values for weight loss and maximum flame height than those shown in table 2.
Claims (7)
1. Coating composition suitable for curtain coating of combustible substrates, wherein the coating composition comprises at least one binder comprising carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, wherein said binder, on reaction to fire, is a subject of heat induced chemical reactions, wherein said coating composition further comprises at least one metal compound comprising at least one metal in addition to oxygen in its chemical composition,
characterized in that
the binder comprises at least one structure element of formula (I)
wherein R<1 >is selected among the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl and acyl, R<4 >and R<3 >are selected among the group consisting of H, halogen, alkyl, aryl and alkylaryl, wherein at least one of R<4>, R<3 >is H, wherein R<2 >is selected among the group consisting of H, aryl and alkylaryl, n is an integer selected between 1 and 1000 and wherein the portion of binder is at least 30 weight % of the dry components of the coating composition, wherein the metal compound is selected from the group consisting of TiO2, FeOOH, CeO2, SiO2, MnO2, FeTiO3.
2. Coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder is a polymer wherein the preparation of said binder comprises at least one monomer of formula (II)
wherein R<1 >is selected among the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl and acyl, R<4 >and R<3 >are selected among the group consisting of H, halogen, alkyl, aryl and alkylaryl, wherein at least one of R<4>, R<3 >is H, wherein R<2 >is selected among the group consisting of H, aryl and alkylaryl and wherein the R<1>-O-group is optionally subjected to hydrolysis after the preparation of said binder.
3. Coating composition according to any of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coating composition comprises at least one polymer, oligomer or monomer with one or more aromatic groups to which one or more HO-groups are covalently bound.
4. Coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating composition preferably consists of substances selected from the group of food contact materials according to the amended Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 and most preferred of substances approved as food ingredients by the European Food Safety Authority.
5. Coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portion of binder is at least 50 weight % and preferably at least 40 weight %of the dry components of the coating composition.
6. Coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal after having provided oxygen during flame application remains integrated in the char.
7. Coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating composition comprises at least two different metal compounds with different equilibrium oxygen partial pressure.
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| US20120309886A1 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-12-06 | Eric PAK | Composition for forming non-flammable coating, and non-flammable coating obtained therefrom |
| KR20160050402A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-11 | 김남기 | Non-flammable composition comprising SiO2 |
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2021
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| US4425465A (en) * | 1981-09-14 | 1984-01-10 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Aqueous coating compositions |
| US20070197686A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-23 | Dimanshteyn Felix A | Protective coating |
| US20120309886A1 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-12-06 | Eric PAK | Composition for forming non-flammable coating, and non-flammable coating obtained therefrom |
| KR20160050402A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-11 | 김남기 | Non-flammable composition comprising SiO2 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20210148A1 (en) | 2022-08-09 |
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