NO340783B1 - Use of ethoxylated raw cotton linters for completing and overhaul fluids - Google Patents
Use of ethoxylated raw cotton linters for completing and overhaul fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO340783B1 NO340783B1 NO20083644A NO20083644A NO340783B1 NO 340783 B1 NO340783 B1 NO 340783B1 NO 20083644 A NO20083644 A NO 20083644A NO 20083644 A NO20083644 A NO 20083644A NO 340783 B1 NO340783 B1 NO 340783B1
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- rcl
- overhaul
- completion
- fluids
- fluid
- Prior art date
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ATZQZZAXOPPAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium formate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]C=O ATZQZZAXOPPAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkenyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BAVMXDNHWGQCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-2,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(CCC=2C(=C(C)C=CC=2)C)=C1C BAVMXDNHWGQCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCOCC1CO1 YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002310 Welan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical class OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WHGNXNCOTZPEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 WHGNXNCOTZPEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical class Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003087 methylethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SHHGHQXPESZCQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethylsilicon Chemical compound [Si]CC1CO1 SHHGHQXPESZCQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001308 poly(aminoacid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003180 well treatment fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/08—Clay-free compositions containing natural organic compounds, e.g. polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
- C09K8/20—Natural organic compounds or derivatives thereof, e.g. polysaccharides or lignin derivatives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører anvendelsen av ikke-ioniske polymerer i oljebrønns-betjeningsfluider. Nærmere bestemt vedrører foreliggende oppfinnelse anvendelsen av et eksolyerte rå bommulslinter som et effektivt adjektiv for å kontrollere reologien og/eller redusere fluidtap av kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider. The present invention relates to the use of non-ionic polymers in oil well operating fluids. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of an exfoliated raw cotton linter as an effective adjuvant to control the rheology and/or reduce fluid loss of completion and overhaul fluids.
Kompletteringsfluider omfatter en rekke saltvannsoppløsninger av forskjellig salinitet kjennetegnet ved en densitet varierende fra 1,02 kg/l (8,5 pounds per gallon (ppg)) for sjøvann til 2,30 kg/l (19,2 ppg) for tunge saltvannsoppløsninger inneholdende sinkbromid og kalsiumbromid. I dag anvendes hydroksyetylcellulose kvaliteter (HEC) med høy viskositet, så som Natrosol® HEC 250 HR-P, Natrosol® HEC HI-VIS og Natrosol® HEC 210 HHW (tilgjengelig fra Hercules Incorporated) som fortykningsmidler for saltvannsoppløsninger som har densitet på 0,96-1,56 kg/l (8-13 ppg). Disse Natrosol® HEC fremstilles i dag ved anvendelse av rensede bomullslinter og er kjennetegnet ved en 1% vandig oppløsning som har en Brookfield viskositet som overskrider 5000 mPa-s (cPs). For ikke-kalsiumbaserte saltvannsoppløsninger av lavere densitet er xantan gummi polymeren som velges for høy bæreevne og gelstyrke. Completion fluids comprise a variety of brine solutions of varying salinity characterized by a density varying from 1.02 kg/l (8.5 pounds per gallon (ppg)) for seawater to 2.30 kg/l (19.2 ppg) for heavy brine solutions containing zinc bromide and calcium bromide. Today, high viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) grades such as Natrosol® HEC 250 HR-P, Natrosol® HEC HI-VIS and Natrosol® HEC 210 HHW (available from Hercules Incorporated) are used as thickeners for saline solutions having a density of 0, 96-1.56 kg/l (8-13 ppg). These Natrosol® HEC are manufactured today using cleaned cotton linters and are characterized by a 1% aqueous solution having a Brookfield viscosity exceeding 5000 mPa-s (cPs). For non-calcium-based saline solutions of lower density, xanthan gum is the polymer of choice for high carrying capacity and gel strength.
I dag finnes ingen effektive viskositetsendrende midler for tunge saltvannsoppløsninger med densitet varierende fra 1,68 kg/l (14 ppg) (CaBr2) til 2,30 kg/l (19,2 ppg) Today there are no effective viscosity-changing agents for heavy salt water solutions with densities varying from 1.68 kg/l (14 ppg) (CaBr2) to 2.30 kg/l (19.2 ppg)
(ZnBr2/CaBr2). Disse saltvannsoppløsningene har et meget lavt nivå av fritt vann og tilveiebringer derfor ikke optimal hydratisering av standard HEC. Ettersom saltinn-holdet i saltvannsoppløsningen økes avtar hydratiseringsraten av HEC dramatisk, og det tar lengre tid å bygge opp den ønskede viskositeten. Videre er disse saltvannsoppløs-ningene kjennetegnet ved en meget lav pH (pH < 1 for ZnBr2/CaBr2). (ZnBr2/CaBr2). These saline solutions have a very low level of free water and therefore do not provide optimal hydration of standard HEC. As the salt content of the saline solution is increased, the rate of hydration of HEC decreases dramatically, and it takes longer to build up the desired viscosity. Furthermore, these saltwater solutions are characterized by a very low pH (pH < 1 for ZnBr2/CaBr2).
US 2006/0019834 og WO 2006/014717 er relatert til en vannbasert borefluid-sammensetning som inkluderer vann og minst ett reologimodifiseringsmiddel og/eller fluidtapskontrollmiddel, og minst én annen bestanddel av polymert additiv, uorganiske salter, dispergeringsmidler, skiferstabiliseringsmidler, vektøkende midler, eller finfordelte leirepartikler, avhengig av de ønskede egenskapene, hvor reologimodifiseringsmiddel og/eller fluidtapskontrollmiddel omfatter karboksymetylerte rå bomullslinters (CM-RCL) fremstilt fra de rå bomullslinterballene eller findelte rå bomullslinters med økt bulktetthet. US 2006/0019834 and WO 2006/014717 relate to a water-based drilling fluid composition that includes water and at least one rheology modifier and/or fluid loss control agent, and at least one other component of polymeric additive, inorganic salts, dispersants, shale stabilizers, weight increasing agents, or finely divided clay particles, depending on the desired properties, wherein the rheology modifier and/or fluid loss control agent comprises carboxymethylated raw cotton linters (CM-RCL) prepared from the raw cotton linter bales or comminuted raw cotton linters with increased bulk density.
US 2005/0056424 angår miljøvennlige viskøse brønnbehandlingsfluider som stort sett består av vann, en viskositetsfremmende polymer, et bor-tverrbindingsmiddel for tverrbinding av polymeren, og en forsinket tverrbinding delinker som består av polysuccinimid og polyasparaginsyre. US 2005/0056424 relates to environmentally friendly viscous well treatment fluids which consist largely of water, a viscosity-promoting polymer, a boron crosslinking agent for crosslinking the polymer, and a delayed crosslinking delinker consisting of polysuccinimide and polyaspartic acid.
US 2005/0235878 angår en blandingssammensetning av en celluloseeter fremstilt av rå bomullslinters og minst et additiv, som anvendes i en ferdigblandet fugemassesammen-setning hvor mengden av celluloseeteren i fugemasssesammensetningen er betydelig redusert. US 2005/0235878 relates to a mixed composition of a cellulose ether produced from raw cotton linters and at least one additive, which is used in a ready-mixed sealant composition where the amount of the cellulose ether in the sealant composition is significantly reduced.
Åpenbart foreligger det et behov for å utvikle en HEC eller en analog polymer som har meget høy oppløsningsviskositet og oppløses raskt i saltvannsoppløsninger av høy densitet. Mens det teknisk er mulig å øke viskositeten av HEC ved å redusere deres midlere oksyetylen molare substitusjon (MS) er fremstillingen av slike HEC med lav MS vanskelig. Obviously, there is a need to develop an HEC or an analogous polymer which has a very high solution viscosity and dissolves quickly in high density salt water solutions. While it is technically possible to increase the viscosity of HECs by reducing their average oxyethylene molar substitution (MS), the production of such low MS HECs is difficult.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse er rettet mot anvendelsen av etoksylerte rå bomullslinters (EO-RCL) som har en molar oksyetylensubstitusjon (MS) av EO-RCL med en nedre grense på 0,5 og en øvre grense på 3,5, som fortykningsmiddel og/eller fluidtapskontrollmiddel i kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider omfattende nevnte etoksylerte rå bomullslinters (EO-RCL) og saltvannsoppløsning, hvor saltvannsoppløsningen omfatter vann og et uorganisk salt valgt fra gruppen bestående av natriumbromid, kalsiumbromid, sinkbromid, kaliumformat, cesiumformat og blandinger derav. Reologimodifiseringsmiddelet og/eller fluidtapskontrollmiddelet er en etoksylert rå bomullslinters (EO-RCL). EO-RCL for anvendelse i sammensetningene for kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider kan være en umodifisert EO-RCL eller en modifisert EO-RCL. EO-RCL dannes ved å pode etoksylenoksid (EO) på RCL. Modifiserte EO-RCL'er inneholder en ytterligere substituent, så som karboksymettylgrupper og/eller hydrokarbylgrupper inneholdende 1-30 karbonatomer. EO-RCL tilveiebringer bedre viskositetsdannende egenskaper og reologi enn HEC fremstilt fra rensede bomullslinter. EO-RCL'er tilveiebringer forbedrede funksjonelle egenskaper i kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider. Figur 1 er en grafisk fremstilling som viser de reologiske profilene for et fluid ifølge eksempel 1, og et fluidinneholdende en i dag tilgjengelig hydroksyetylcellulosekvalitet med høy viskositet (sammenlikningseksempel 2) i forskjellige saltvannsoppløsninger av lav densitet. Figur 2 er en grafisk fremstilling som viser de reologiske profilene for et fluid ifølge eksempel 1 og et fluid inneholdende en i dag tilgjengelig hydroksyetylcellulosekvalitet av høy viskositet (sammenlikningseksempel 2) i forskjellige saltvannsoppløsninger av høy densitet. Figur 3 er en grafisk fremstilling som viser viskositetsprofilene for et fluid ifølge eksempel 1 og et fluidinneholdende en i dag tilgjengelig hydroksyetylcellulosekvalitet av høy viskositet (sammenlikningseksempel 2) ved en høy skjærrate på 51 Os"<1>. Figur 4 er en grafisk fremstilling som viser viskositetsprofilene for et fluid ifølge eksempel 1 og et fluid inneholdende en i dag tilgjengelig hydroksyetylcellulosekvalitet av høy viskositet (sammenlikningseksempel 2) ved en lav skjærrate på 5,ls"<1>. The present invention is directed to the use of ethoxylated raw cotton linters (EO-RCL) having a molar oxyethylene substitution (MS) of EO-RCL with a lower limit of 0.5 and an upper limit of 3.5, as a thickener and/or fluid loss control agent in completion and overhaul fluids comprising said ethoxylated raw cotton linters (EO-RCL) and saline solution, wherein the saline solution comprises water and an inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of sodium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, potassium formate, cesium formate and mixtures thereof. The rheology modifier and/or fluid loss control agent is an ethoxylated raw cotton linters (EO-RCL). The EO-RCL for use in the make-up and overhaul fluid compositions can be an unmodified EO-RCL or a modified EO-RCL. EO-RCL is formed by grafting ethoxylene oxide (EO) onto RCL. Modified EO-RCLs contain an additional substituent, such as carboxymethyl groups and/or hydrocarbyl groups containing 1-30 carbon atoms. EO-RCL provides better viscosity-forming properties and rheology than HEC made from cleaned cotton ribbons. EO-RCLs provide improved functional properties in completion and overhaul fluids. Figure 1 is a graphical representation showing the rheological profiles for a fluid according to example 1, and a fluid containing a currently available hydroxyethyl cellulose grade with high viscosity (comparison example 2) in various salt water solutions of low density. Figure 2 is a graphical representation showing the rheological profiles for a fluid according to example 1 and a fluid containing a currently available hydroxyethyl cellulose grade of high viscosity (comparison example 2) in different high density salt water solutions. Figure 3 is a graphical representation showing the viscosity profiles for a fluid according to example 1 and a fluid containing a currently available high viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose quality (comparative example 2) at a high shear rate of 51 Os"<1>. Figure 4 is a graphical representation showing the viscosity profiles for a fluid according to example 1 and a fluid containing a currently available hydroxyethyl cellulose quality of high viscosity (comparison example 2) at a low shear rate of 5.ls"<1>.
Rå bomullslinters ("RCL") er en utmerket kilde for cellulose av høy molekylvekt. Rå bomullslinters, også vanlig betegnet som "linters" er kortfiberrester som etterlages på bomullsfrøet etter de lengre stapel ("lint") fiberne er fjernet ved egrenering og som ikke er underkastet kjemiske rensetrinn som typisk utføres for å gi høy renhetsmasse. Linters er kortere, tykkere og mer fargede fibere enn lint. Videre adherer de sterkere til bomullsfrø relativt til lint. Rå bomullslinters fjernes fra bomullsfrø ved anvendelse av et antall teknologiske fremgangsmåter innbefattende lintersager og abrasive målemetoder, som begge gir egnede materialer. Mengden av hemicellulose, lignin eller fargede forurensninger og fremmedmateriale i de forskjellige typene av rå bomullslinter øker med antallet passasjer eller "snitt" anvendt ved fjernelse av linteren fra bomullsfrøet. Første snitt linterne inneholder typisk den minste mengden av forurensninger og fremmedmateriale, og etterfølgende snitt inneholder mer forurensninger og fremmedmateriale. Typisk er celluloseinnholdet av RCL cirka 69-78 vekt-% som målte ved American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) "bB 3-47: Celluloe Yield Pressure-Cook Method". Resten av ikke-celluloseformige materialer som finnes i RCL består hoved-sakelig av frøskall, smuss, feltavfall, lignin, hemicellulose, voks, fett, protein, fuktighet og spor av andre organiske forurensninger. Raw cotton linters ("RCL") are an excellent source of high molecular weight cellulose. Raw cotton linters, also commonly referred to as "linters", are short fiber residues that are left on the cotton seed after the longer staple ("lint") fibers have been removed during ginning and which have not been subjected to chemical cleaning steps that are typically carried out to produce high purity pulp. Linters are shorter, thicker and more colored fibers than lint. Furthermore, they adhere more strongly to cotton seed than to lint. Raw cotton linters are removed from cotton seed using a number of technological methods including lint saws and abrasive measuring methods, both of which provide suitable materials. The amount of hemicellulose, lignin or colored impurities and foreign matter in the various types of raw cotton lint increases with the number of passes or "cuts" used in removing the lint from the cotton seed. First cut linters typically contain the smallest amount of contaminants and foreign material, and subsequent cuts contain more contaminants and foreign material. Typically, the cellulose content of RCL is approximately 69-78% by weight as measured by the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) "bB 3-47: Celluloe Yield Pressure-Cook Method". The rest of the non-cellulosic materials found in RCL mainly consist of seed husks, dirt, field waste, lignin, hemicellulose, wax, fat, protein, moisture and traces of other organic contaminants.
Eterderivatene av RCL kan fremstilles ved fremgangsmåter som er kjent innen teknikken, så som de som er beskrevet i tysk patentsøknad nr. 4.034.709 Al som beskriver fremstillingen av metylcellulose, etylcellulose og hydroksyalkylcelluloser av høy molekylvekt fra RCL, eller US patent nr. 5.028.342 som beskriver anvendelsen av en blanding av en 20 til 80 vekt-% av en rå (teknisk kvalitet) karboksymetylcellulose oppnådd fra RCL og/eller trecellulose ved en oppslemmingsprosess og 20 til 80% av en polykarboksylsyre ved fremstilling av borfluider. The ether derivatives of RCL can be prepared by methods known in the art, such as those described in German Patent Application No. 4,034,709 A1 which describes the preparation of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and high molecular weight hydroxyalkyl celluloses from RCL, or US Patent No. 5,028. 342 which describes the use of a mixture of a 20 to 80% by weight of a crude (technical grade) carboxymethylcellulose obtained from RCL and/or wood cellulose in a slurry process and 20 to 80% of a polycarboxylic acid in the production of drilling fluids.
En fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av EO-RCL er mer fullstendig beskrevet i US patentsøknad 20050228174 (US søknads nr. 10/822, 926), Gillette et al. I dette patentet beskrives en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en EO-RCL ved anvendelse av RCL som et utgangsmateriale innbefattende a) behandling av RCL med en base i en oppslemming eller prosess ved høyt faststoffinnhold ved en cellulosekonsentrasjon på større enn 9 vekt-% for å danne en aktivert celluloseoppslemming, b) omsetning av den aktiverte celluloseoppslemmingen med et foretrende middel (etylen oksid) for å danne en EO-RCL, og c) utvinning av EO-RCL. A method for producing EO-RCL is more fully described in US patent application 20050228174 (US application no. 10/822, 926), Gillette et al. This patent describes a process for making an EO-RCL using RCL as a starting material comprising a) treating the RCL with a base in a slurry or high solids process at a cellulose concentration greater than 9% by weight to form an activated cellulose slurry, b) reacting the activated cellulose slurry with an etherifying agent (ethylene oxide) to form an EO-RCL, and c) recovering the EO-RCL.
Alternativt kan rekkefølgen av behandling av RCL med en baseoppløsning (trinn a) og foretrende middel (trinn b) reverseres. Det er også mulig å utføre trinn a) og b) samtidig. Alternatively, the order of treatment of the RCL with a base solution (step a) and preferred agent (step b) can be reversed. It is also possible to carry out steps a) and b) simultaneously.
I denne fremgangsmåten for fremstilling av eterderivater kan basen være enten organisk eller uorganisk eller blandinger derav. De uorganiske basene omfatter natrium-hydroksid, kaliumhydroksid, kalsiumhydroksid, bariumhydroksid, ammonium-hydroksid, litiumhydroksid og blandinger derav. De organiske basene må være sterke og omfatter, men er ikke begrenset til, aminer og kvarternære ammoniumhydroksider. In this method for the preparation of ether derivatives, the base can be either organic or inorganic or mixtures thereof. The inorganic bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and mixtures thereof. The organic bases must be strong and include, but are not limited to, amines and quaternary ammonium hydroxides.
Ved fremstillingen av eterderivatene omfatter foretringsmiddelet alkyl halogenider (f. eks. metyl- og etylklorid), alkenyl halogenider (f. eks. etylen og propylen halogenid), alkylen oksider (f. eks. etylen oksid, propylen oksid og butylen oksid), alkyl glycidyl etere, metallsalter av alfa-halogenoalkoanater, vinyl sulfonater og blandinger derav. Andre foretrende midler er monoklor eddiksyre og salter derav, butyl glycidyl eter og glycidyl silan (f.eks. 3-glycidoksypropyltrimet-oksysilan og 3-glycidoksypropyl-metyldimetoksysilan). For anvendelse i foreliggende oppfinnelse er det foretrukne eterderivatet EO-RCL. In the preparation of the ether derivatives, the etherifying agent comprises alkyl halides (e.g. methyl and ethyl chloride), alkenyl halides (e.g. ethylene and propylene halide), alkylene oxides (e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide), alkyl glycidyl ethers, metal salts of alpha-haloalkanoates, vinyl sulphonates and mixtures thereof. Other etherifying agents are monochloroacetic acid and its salts, butyl glycidyl ether and glycidyl silane (e.g. 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane). For use in the present invention, the preferred ether derivative is EO-RCL.
I US patentsøknad 20050228174 er det tilveiebrakt et eksempel som angir en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av EO-RCL, som beskrevet: Til en Chemco reaktor inneholdende en blanding av t-butyl alkohol (611,2 g), iso-propanol (28,8 g), aceton (21,6 g) og vann (59,07 g) ble det tilført kuttede andresnitts rå bomullslintere (80 g på tørr basis). Etter forsegling av reaktoren ble atmosfæren i reak toren gjort inert ved 5 sykluser av evakuering og nitrogenspyling. Deretter ble det under omrøring tilsatt 50% kaustisk oppløsning (44,8 g) på langsom måte til den rå bomulls-linteroppslemmingen. Den resulterende oppslemmingen ble blandet ved 20°C i 45 minutter, og deretter ble etylenoksid (76 g) tilsatt. Den resulterende blandingen ble opp-varmet ved 55°C i 25 minutter og deretter ved 95°C i 30 minutter. Etter dette ble reak-sjonsblandingen avkjølt til 50°C og behandlet med 70% salpetersyre (50,4 g). Reak-sjonsblandingen ble deretter avkjølt til romtemperatur og deretter filtrert under vakuum. Resten ble vasket tre ganger med 80:20 (vekt/vekt) aceton/vann blanding, og den rensede polymeren ble dehydratisert med aceton. Den dehydratiserte polymeren ble tørket i en fluidsjikttørker ved 70°C i 0,5 timer. In US patent application 20050228174 an example is provided which indicates a method for the production of EO-RCL, as described: To a Chemco reactor containing a mixture of t-butyl alcohol (611.2 g), iso-propanol (28.8 g ), acetone (21.6 g) and water (59.07 g) were added to cut second-cut raw cotton linters (80 g on a dry basis). After sealing the reactor, the atmosphere in the reactor was rendered inert by 5 cycles of evacuation and nitrogen purging. Then, while stirring, 50% caustic solution (44.8 g) was slowly added to the crude cotton linter slurry. The resulting slurry was stirred at 20°C for 45 minutes, and then ethylene oxide (76 g) was added. The resulting mixture was heated at 55°C for 25 minutes and then at 95°C for 30 minutes. After this, the reaction mixture was cooled to 50°C and treated with 70% nitric acid (50.4 g). The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and then filtered under vacuum. The residue was washed three times with 80:20 (w/w) acetone/water mixture, and the purified polymer was dehydrated with acetone. The dehydrated polymer was dried in a fluid bed dryer at 70°C for 0.5 hours.
Den molare hydroksyetylsubstitusjonen (MS), som er definert som det midlere antall mol av etylen oksid podet per mol anhydroglukoseenhet av cellulosen, av produktet som er 2,67. Brookfield viskositeten av 1% vandig oppløsning av EO-RCL var 5620 mPa-s (cPs) ved 30 opm ved 25°C. The molar hydroxyethyl substitution (MS), which is defined as the average number of moles of ethylene oxide grafted per mole of anhydroglucose unit of the cellulose, of the product is 2.67. The Brookfield viscosity of a 1% aqueous solution of EO-RCL was 5620 mPa-s (cPs) at 30 rpm at 25°C.
For å utføre foreliggende oppfinnelse kan EO-RCL være fremstilt fra RCL "som levert", så som førstesnitt, andresnitt, tredjesnitt og "møllekjørt" RCL. Om nødvendig kan frøskall og andre forurensninger som fysisk holdes fast til fibrene i det vesentlige fjernes ved mekaniske løsninger, så som sikting og sentrifugering eller en kombinasjon derav før etoksylering. Separasjonen av forurensninger fra RCL kan gjøres i tørr eller våt tilstand. To carry out the present invention, EO-RCL can be made from RCL "as supplied", such as first cut, second cut, third cut and "mill run" RCL. If necessary, seed husks and other contaminants that are physically attached to the fibers can be substantially removed by mechanical solutions, such as sieving and centrifugation or a combination thereof prior to ethoxylation. The separation of contaminants from RCL can be done in a dry or wet state.
For å fremstille EO-RCL kan RCL anvendes "som levert" eller pulverisert eller findelt for å forkorte fiberlengden. Pulveriseringen kan utføres separat eller kan gjøres samtidig som RCL behandles med basen og/eller etoksyleringsmiddelet. Det er viktig at ingen vesentlig molekylær nedbrytning av de polymere species tilstede i RCL finner sted under pulveriseringstrinnet. For å forhindre dette fra å skje bør pulveriseringen gjennomføres i en inert atmosfære, så som nitrogen, og ved lave temperaturer. To prepare EO-RCL, RCL can be used "as supplied" or pulverized or comminuted to shorten the fiber length. The pulverization can be carried out separately or can be done at the same time as the RCL is treated with the base and/or the ethoxylating agent. It is important that no significant molecular breakdown of the polymeric species present in the RCL takes place during the pulverization step. To prevent this from happening, the pulverization should be carried out in an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen, and at low temperatures.
Det er overraskende funnet at EO-RCL'er er effektive fortykningsmidler ved kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider i forbindelse med en lang rekke saltvannsoppløsninger. Spesielt tilveiebringer de mer effektive fortykningsevne i høy densitets saltvannsopp-løsninger relativt til eksisterende HEC er. It has surprisingly been found that EO-RCLs are effective thickeners in completion and overhaul fluids in connection with a wide range of salt water solutions. In particular, they provide more effective thickening capability in high density saltwater solutions compared to existing HECs.
For å utføre anvendelsen av EO-RCL i kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider som et fortykningsmiddel og/eller fluidtapskontrollmiddel bør den molare oksyetylensubstitu-sjonen (MS) av EO-RCL ha en nedre grense på cirka 0,5, fortrinnsvis en nedre grense på cirka 1,5, mer foretrukket en nedre grense på cirka 1,8. For å utføre anvendelsen av EO-RCL i kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider som et fortykningsmiddel og/eller fluidtapskontrollmiddel bør oksyetylen MS av EO-RCL ha en øvre grense på cirka 3,5, mer foretrukket en øvre grense på cirka 2,5, enda mer foretrukket en øvre grense på cirka 2,2. Oksyetylen MS av EO-RCL bør være i området på cirka 1,5 til cirka 3,5, fortrinnsvis bør MS være i området på fra cirka 1,5 til 2,5 og mest foretrukket bør MS være i området på fra cirka 1,8 til 2,2. To effect the use of EO-RCL in completion and overhaul fluids as a thickener and/or fluid loss control agent, the molar oxyethylene substitution (MS) of EO-RCL should have a lower limit of about 0.5, preferably a lower limit of about 1 .5, more preferably a lower limit of approximately 1.8. To effect the application of EO-RCL in completion and overhaul fluids as a thickener and/or fluid loss control agent, the oxyethylene MS of EO-RCL should have an upper limit of about 3.5, more preferably an upper limit of about 2.5, even more preferred an upper limit of approximately 2.2. Oxyethylene MS of EO-RCL should be in the range of about 1.5 to about 3.5, preferably MS should be in the range of from about 1.5 to 2.5 and most preferably MS should be in the range of from about 1, 8 to 2.2.
EO-RCL kan anvendes som et adjektiv i kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider med eller uten rensing. Betegnelsen "rensing" er definert som fjernelsen av biprodukter av lav molekylvekt som dannes under etoksyleringen av RCL. Disse biproduktene kan fjernes delvis eller fullstendig. Anvendelsesnivået av EO-RCL i borefluidet vil være diktert av renheten av EO-RCL. Jo renere EO-RCL, desto mindre er mengden av EO-RCL som må anvendes i kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidene. EO-RCL can be used as an adjective in completion and overhaul fluids with or without cleaning. The term "purification" is defined as the removal of low molecular weight by-products formed during the ethoxylation of RCL. These by-products can be partially or completely removed. The application level of EO-RCL in the drilling fluid will be dictated by the purity of the EO-RCL. The cleaner the EO-RCL, the smaller the amount of EO-RCL that must be used in the completion and overhaul fluids.
For å passe til de ønskede anvendelsesegenskapene, så som reologi og/eller fluidtaps-kontroll av forskjellige typer kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider kan MS og molekylvekten av EO-RCL skreddersyes. Molekylvekten av EO-RCL kan nedsettes ved behandling av EO-RCL med nedbrytningsmidler, så som en syre, en blanding av kaustisk oppløsning av oksygen, peroksider, hypokloritter, kloritter, cellulolytiske enzymer eller stråling. Den molekylære nedbrytningen av EO-RCL kan utføres in situ eller etter dens isolering i en oppslemmingsprosess eller oppløsning. To suit the desired application characteristics, such as rheology and/or fluid loss control of different types of completion and overhaul fluids, the MS and molecular weight of EO-RCL can be tailored. The molecular weight of EO-RCL can be decreased by treating the EO-RCL with degrading agents, such as an acid, a mixture of caustic solution of oxygen, peroxides, hypochlorites, chlorites, cellulolytic enzymes or radiation. The molecular degradation of EO-RCL can be performed in situ or after its isolation in a slurry process or dissolution.
Kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidsammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfattende EO-RCL kan også inneholde andre polymere additiver som anvendes i kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidsammensetninger. Disse andre polymere additivene kan velges fra gruppen bestående av stivelse og dets derivater, guargummi og dets derivater, xantangummi, welangummi, diutangummi, celluloseetere, polyakrylater, polyakrylamider og blandinger derav. The completion and overhaul fluid compositions according to the present invention comprising EO-RCL may also contain other polymeric additives used in completion and overhaul fluid compositions. These other polymeric additives may be selected from the group consisting of starch and its derivatives, guar gum and its derivatives, xanthan gum, welan gum, diutan gum, cellulose ethers, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides and mixtures thereof.
Kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidsammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfattende EO-RCL kan også inneholde uorganiske salter valgt fra gruppen bestående av kalsiumkarbonat, kalsiumklorid, kaliumklorid, natriumklorid, magnesiumklorid, natriumbromid, kaliumbromid, kalsiumbromid, sinkbromid, natriumformat, kaliumformat, cesiumformat og blandinger derav. The completion and overhaul fluid compositions according to the present invention comprising EO-RCL may also contain inorganic salts selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, sodium formate, potassium formate, cesium formate and mixtures thereof.
Kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidsammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfattende EO-RCL kan også inneholde skalldannelsesstabiliseringsmidler eller korrosjonsinhibitorer. Disse skalldannelsesstabiliseringsmidlene eller korrosjonsinhibitorene kan velges fra gruppen bestående av partielt hydrolyserte polyakrylamider (PHPA), kaliumklrodi, kaliumacetat, kaliumkarbonat, kaliumhydroksid, sulfonert asfalt, ese-asfalt, gilsonitt, polyglykoler, polyaminosyrer, surfaktanter, kationiske polymerer, blandede metallhydroksider (MMH) og blandinger derav. The completion and overhaul fluid compositions according to the present invention comprising EO-RCL may also contain scaling stabilizers or corrosion inhibitors. These scaling stabilizers or corrosion inhibitors can be selected from the group consisting of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (PHPA), potassium chloride, potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sulfonated asphalt, ese asphalt, gilsonite, polyglycols, polyamino acids, surfactants, cationic polymers, mixed metal hydroxides (MMH) and mixtures hence.
Kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidsammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfattende EO-RCL kan også inneholde ballastmidler. Disse ballastmidlene kan velges fra gruppen bestående av baritt, hematitt, manganoksid, størrelsesbestemt kalsiumkarbonat fremstilt fra malt kalkstein eller marmor, og blandinger derav. The completion and overhaul fluid compositions according to the present invention comprising EO-RCL can also contain ballast agents. These ballasts may be selected from the group consisting of barite, hematite, manganese oxide, sized calcium carbonate prepared from ground limestone or marble, and mixtures thereof.
Kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidsammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfattende EO-RCL kan også inneholde finfordelte leirpartikler. Disse finfordelte leir-partiklene kan velges fra gruppen bestående av bentonitt, attapulgitt, sepiolitt, saponitt og blandinger derav. The completion and overhaul fluid compositions according to the present invention comprising EO-RCL can also contain finely divided clay particles. These finely divided clay particles can be selected from the group consisting of bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, saponite and mixtures thereof.
Kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidsammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfattende EO-RCL kan også inneholde et smøremiddel. Dette smøremiddelet kan velges fra gruppen bestående av glykol, asfalt og blandinger derav. The completion and overhaul fluid compositions according to the present invention comprising EO-RCL may also contain a lubricant. This lubricant can be selected from the group consisting of glycol, asphalt and mixtures thereof.
Kompletterings- og overhalingsfluidsammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfattende EO-RCL kan også inneholde et biocid og/eller anti-skummemiddel. The completion and overhaul fluid compositions according to the present invention comprising EO-RCL can also contain a biocide and/or anti-foaming agent.
De følgende eksemplene illustrerer nyttigheten og anvendeligheten av EO-RCL i salt-vannsoppløsninger anvendt som klare, faststoffrie kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider. Eksemplene er angitt for illustrasjonsformål, men det skal forstås at andre modifikasjoner av foreliggende oppfinnelse kan utføres av fagmannen uten at man avviker fra oppfinnelsens omfang. The following examples illustrate the utility and applicability of EO-RCL in saline solutions used as clear, solids-free completion and overhaul fluids. The examples are given for illustration purposes, but it should be understood that other modifications of the present invention can be carried out by the person skilled in the art without deviating from the scope of the invention.
Eksempler Examples
En EO-RCL i eksempel 1 ble evaluert i forskjellige saltvannssystemer (ferskvann, NaCl mettet vann, CaBr2og ZnB^/CaB^) ved 7,61 g/L (2 pund per barrel (ppb)), tilsvarende 0,57 vekt-%. Dens ytelse ble sammenliknet med den av standard HECer av høy molekylvekt som er omfattende anvendt i kompletterings- og overhalingsfluider. Sammenlikningseksempel 1 er en standard HEC av høy molekylvekt (Natrosol® HI-VIS HEC, tilgjengelig fra Hercules Incorporated). Sammenlikningseksempel 2 er også en standard HEC med høy molekylvekt (Natrosol® 210HHW HEC, tilgjengelig fra Hercules Incorporated). Viskositeten og fluidtapsegenskapene ble målt etter statisk elding over natten ved romtemperatur, resultatene av denne testingen finnes i tabell 1. Det ble funnet at EO-RCL var mer effektiv enn kommersielle HECer av høy molekylvekt ved å påvirke viskositeten av høy densitet (tunge) saltvannsoppløsninger som det fremgår av de høye tilsynelatende viskositetene (A.V.) og utbytteverdiene (Yv) utviklet i disse systemene (figur 2). I ZnBr2/CaBr2saltvannsoppløsningen, kjennetegnet ved en ekstremt lav pH, gikk sammenlikningseksempel 1 (Natrosol® HI-VIS HEC) ikke i oppløsning. An EO-RCL in Example 1 was evaluated in various saline systems (fresh water, NaCl saturated water, CaBr2 and ZnB^/CaB^) at 7.61 g/L (2 pounds per barrel (ppb)), corresponding to 0.57% by weight . Its performance was compared to that of standard high molecular weight HECs that are widely used in completion and overhaul fluids. Comparative Example 1 is a standard high molecular weight HEC (Natrosol® HI-VIS HEC, available from Hercules Incorporated). Comparative Example 2 is also a standard high molecular weight HEC (Natrosol® 210HHW HEC, available from Hercules Incorporated). The viscosity and fluid loss properties were measured after static aging overnight at room temperature, the results of this testing are found in Table 1. It was found that EO-RCL was more effective than commercial high molecular weight HECs in influencing the viscosity of high density (heavy) saline solutions which this is evident from the high apparent viscosities (A.V.) and yield values (Yv) developed in these systems (Figure 2). In the ZnBr2/CaBr2 salt water solution, characterized by an extremely low pH, comparative example 1 (Natrosol® HI-VIS HEC) did not dissolve.
I saltvannsoppløsninger av lav til middels densitet var ytelsene av EO-RCL ekvivalente med de av kommersielle HECer av høy molekylvekt (figur 1). In saline solutions of low to medium density, the performances of EO-RCL were equivalent to those of commercial high molecular weight HECs (Figure 1).
Data i figur 3 indikerer at fluid ifølge eksempel 1 inneholdende EO-RCL utvikler en mer regulær viskositetsprofil ved høy skjærrate (510 s"<1>) enn fluidet fra sammenlikningseksempel 2 inneholdende en kommersiell HEC med en vesentlig forbedring av viskositet for saltvannsdensiteter som overskrider 1,44 kg/L (12 ppg). Data in Figure 3 indicate that fluid according to example 1 containing EO-RCL develops a more regular viscosity profile at high shear rate (510 s"<1>) than the fluid from comparative example 2 containing a commercial HEC with a significant improvement in viscosity for salt water densities exceeding 1 .44 kg/L (12 ppg).
Det er interessant at fluidet ifølge eksempel 1 inneholdende EO-RCL utvikler langt høyere lavskjærviskositet enn fluid inneholdende kommersielle HECer (figur 4). Dette trekket er meget ønskelig fordi det vil tilveiebringe større utførelseskapasitet under kompletterings- og overhalingsoperasjoner. It is interesting that the fluid according to example 1 containing EO-RCL develops a far higher low shear viscosity than fluid containing commercial HECs (figure 4). This feature is highly desirable because it will provide greater execution capacity during completion and overhaul operations.
Claims (10)
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| US77604006P | 2006-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | |
| PCT/US2007/004460 WO2007100570A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2007-02-21 | Ethoxylated raw cotton linters for completion and workover fluids |
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| NO20083644L NO20083644L (en) | 2008-09-17 |
| NO340783B1 true NO340783B1 (en) | 2017-06-19 |
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| EP (1) | EP1987113B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101389729B (en) |
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| NO (1) | NO340783B1 (en) |
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| CN101979457B (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2013-06-05 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Seawater-based solid phase-free environment-friendly drilling and completion fluid |
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| CN107255020B (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2019-08-30 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | A kind of workover fluid dehydration liquid and its dewatering for solidifying water |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070197399A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
| CA2642296C (en) | 2012-07-24 |
| US7622427B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 |
| WO2007100570A9 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
| CN101389729A (en) | 2009-03-18 |
| CN101389729B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| EP1987113A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
| NO20083644L (en) | 2008-09-17 |
| EP1987113B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
| CA2642296A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 |
| WO2007100570A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 |
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