NO332911B1 - Method and apparatus for handling HC gas - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for handling HC gas

Info

Publication number
NO332911B1
NO332911B1 NO20052217A NO20052217A NO332911B1 NO 332911 B1 NO332911 B1 NO 332911B1 NO 20052217 A NO20052217 A NO 20052217A NO 20052217 A NO20052217 A NO 20052217A NO 332911 B1 NO332911 B1 NO 332911B1
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
gas
tanks
liquid
storage
collected
Prior art date
Application number
NO20052217A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO20052217D0 (en
NO20052217L (en
Inventor
Kristian Utkilen
Original Assignee
Hamworthy Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamworthy Plc filed Critical Hamworthy Plc
Priority to NO20052217A priority Critical patent/NO332911B1/en
Publication of NO20052217D0 publication Critical patent/NO20052217D0/en
Priority to PCT/NO2006/000173 priority patent/WO2006121343A1/en
Publication of NO20052217L publication Critical patent/NO20052217L/en
Publication of NO332911B1 publication Critical patent/NO332911B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0192—Propulsion of the fluid by using a working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground

Abstract

Det omtales en fremgangsmåte for oppsamling av gass som fortrenges ved lasting av hydrokarbonholdig væske til en eller flere tanker, så som skipstanker, og gjenbruk av den oppsamlede hydrokarbonholdige gassen som dekkgass i tanker som tømmes for væske. Fremgangsmåten er kjennetegnet ved at gassen fra tankene som fylles med væske samles opp i et oppsamlingsarrangement og ledes til ett eller flere lagringsvolum for mellomlagring, idet den oppsamlede gassen kan føres tilbake til de samme tankene eller andre tanker som tømmes for væske og fungere som dekkgass for å hindre inntrenging av luft. Gassen ledes følgelig til en eller flere lagertanker, fjellhaller eller kaverner, og anlegget kan utgjøre en del av et råolje- eller råproduktlager i et prosessanlegg. Det omtales også en anordning og anvendelse av oppfinnelsen.A method of collecting gas displaced by loading hydrocarbon-containing liquid into one or more tanks, such as ship tanks, and recycling of the collected hydrocarbon-containing gas as cover gas in tanks discharged to liquid are described. The process is characterized in that the gas from the tanks filled with liquid is collected in a collection arrangement and fed to one or more storage volumes for intermediate storage, the collected gas being returned to the same tanks or other tanks which are emptied of liquid and act as cover gas for to prevent the ingress of air. Accordingly, the gas is conducted to one or more storage tanks, rock caverns or caverns, and the plant may form part of a crude oil or crude product storage in a processing plant. There is also mentioned a device and application of the invention.

Description

Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte og en anordning for oppsamling av gass som fortrenges ved lasting av hydrokarbonholdig væske til en eller flere tanker, så som skipstanker, og gjenbruk av den oppsamlede hydrokarbonholdige gassen som dekkgass i tanker som tømmes for væske, slik det fremgår av innledningene i de etterfølgende krav 1 hhv 6. Oppfinnelsen vedrører også en anvendelse av fremgangsmåten og anordningen. The present invention relates to a method and a device for collecting gas that is displaced when loading hydrocarbon-containing liquid into one or more tanks, such as ship tanks, and reusing the collected hydrocarbon-containing gas as a cover gas in tanks that are emptied of liquid, as is evident from the introductions in the subsequent claims 1 and 6. The invention also relates to an application of the method and the device.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse har følgelig befatning med en fremgangsmåte for kontroll av utslipp av flyktige gasser (VOC) fra en oppbevaringstank som fylles med væske, så som fylling av en oljetank ombord i en oljetanker, hvori det blir benyttet et system for oppsamling og mellomlagring av gass eller damp som fortrenges fra tanken under lasting for senere bruk som inert gassatmosfære (dekkgass) i tanker for transport av væske. The present invention is therefore concerned with a method for controlling the emission of volatile gases (VOC) from a storage tank that is filled with liquid, such as filling an oil tank on board an oil tanker, in which a system is used for the collection and intermediate storage of gas or steam that is displaced from the tank during loading for later use as an inert gas atmosphere (covering gas) in tanks for the transport of liquid.

Ved transport av flyktige og / eller brennbare væsker, så som råolje-, kondensat eller andre hydrokarbonholdige væsker, benyttes det i tankene vanligvis en inert gass for å fylle det volumet av tanken som ikke okkuperes av væske, slik at luft / oksygen ikke kan trenge inn i tankene og føre til en brennbar gass-blanding. Denne gassatmosfæren benevnes ofte som dekkgass. Som dekkgass benyttes det vanligvis eksosgass, men hydrokarbongass eller andre gasser som har lavt innhold av oksygen kan også benyttes. When transporting volatile and / or flammable liquids, such as crude oil, condensate or other hydrocarbon-containing liquids, an inert gas is usually used in the tanks to fill the volume of the tank that is not occupied by liquid, so that air / oxygen cannot penetrate into the tanks and lead to a flammable gas mixture. This gas atmosphere is often referred to as cover gas. As a covering gas, exhaust gas is usually used, but hydrocarbon gas or other gases that have a low content of oxygen can also be used.

Ved fylling av en væske til en tank der det er benyttet en dekkgass, som f.eks. ved lasting av et tankskip for transport av råolje, kondensat eller petroleumsprodukter, vil dekkgassen bli fortrengt av det innkommende væskevolum dersom ikke trykkoppbygging kan tillates. Vanligvis er den fortrengte gassen blitt sluppet direkte til luft. Denne gassen inneholder ofte betydelige mengder hydrokarboner, og vil kunne utgjøre en sikkerhetsrisiko, og være skadelig for personell og miljø. When filling a liquid into a tank where a shielding gas has been used, such as e.g. when loading a tanker for the transport of crude oil, condensate or petroleum products, the cover gas will be displaced by the incoming liquid volume if pressure build-up cannot be allowed. Usually the displaced gas has been released directly to air. This gas often contains significant amounts of hydrocarbons, and could pose a safety risk and be harmful to personnel and the environment.

På samme måte som gass fortrenges under fylling av en væske til en tank, må det tilføres en inert dekkgass til tanken idet væske tappes av / losses. Dersom ikke, vil det oppstå et vakuum som vil kunne føre til inntrenging av luft/oksygen. Den inerte dekkgassen kan være eksosgass fra fremdriftsmaskineri eller gene-ratorer for eksosgass, eller hydrokarbongass. Ved bruk av eksosgass som dekkgass over en flyktig væske, så som råolje, kondensat eller andre petroleumsprodukter, er det erfart at en vesentlig andel av de flyktige kompo-nentene i væsken fordampes. In the same way that gas is displaced when filling a liquid into a tank, an inert covering gas must be supplied to the tank when liquid is drained off/unloaded. If not, a vacuum will occur which could lead to the ingress of air/oxygen. The inert cover gas can be exhaust gas from propulsion machinery or generators for exhaust gas, or hydrocarbon gas. When exhaust gas is used as a covering gas over a volatile liquid, such as crude oil, condensate or other petroleum products, it has been experienced that a significant proportion of the volatile components in the liquid evaporate.

Det har de siste årene blitt installert gjenvinningsanlegg på enkelte råoljetank-skip eller på eksportterminaler for gjenvinning av hydrokarbondamp under lasting av råolje eller kondensat til tankskip som benytter eksosgass som dekkgass i tankene. Gjenvinningsløsningene baseres typisk på absorpsjon, kondensasjon, adsorpsjon eller en kombinasjon av disse. Disse gjenvinnings-anleggene er store og kostbare, og har den ulempen at de kun klarer å gjen-vinne en del av oljedampen fra dekkgassen. In recent years, recovery facilities have been installed on certain crude oil tankers or at export terminals for the recovery of hydrocarbon vapors during the loading of crude oil or condensate to tankers that use exhaust gas as cover gas in the tanks. The recycling solutions are typically based on absorption, condensation, adsorption or a combination of these. These recovery plants are large and expensive, and have the disadvantage that they only manage to recover part of the oil vapor from the cover gas.

Oppfinnelsen beskrevet her er relatert til en fremgangsmåte for å begrense utslippene av skadelige stoffer, så som hydrokarbondamp, i forbindelse med lasting av flyktig væske til tankskip, ved at den fortrengte gassen samles opp og ledes til et lagringsvolum. Lagringsvolumet kan være en eller flere store lagertanker eller fjellhaller/kaverner. Det nevnte lagringsvolumet kan være lager for en væske tilsvarende den som fylles til skipstankene eller andre tanker, eller lager for et helt annet formål. Lagringsvolumet kan også være laget spesielt for oppsamling av nevnte gass. The invention described here relates to a method for limiting the emissions of harmful substances, such as hydrocarbon vapour, in connection with the loading of volatile liquid to tankers, by collecting the displaced gas and directing it to a storage volume. The storage volume can be one or more large storage tanks or rock halls/caverns. The aforementioned storage volume can be storage for a liquid corresponding to that which is filled to the ship's tanks or other tanks, or storage for a completely different purpose. The storage volume can also be made specifically for the collection of said gas.

Den oppsamlede gassen benyttes som dekkgass ved tømming av en væske fra et tankskip i stedet for eksosgass. Ved å benytte en gass allerede rik på hydrokarbongass som dekkgass, reduseres tap av hydrokarbonprodukt fra lasten som følge av fordamping, og den totale mengden hydrokarbongass i den tomme tanken vil være tilnærmet lik mengden som ville fordampet fra lasten om det hadde blitt benyttet eksosgass som dekkgass. The collected gas is used as cover gas when emptying a liquid from a tanker instead of exhaust gas. By using a gas already rich in hydrocarbon gas as cover gas, loss of hydrocarbon product from the cargo due to evaporation is reduced, and the total amount of hydrocarbon gas in the empty tank will be approximately equal to the amount that would have evaporated from the cargo if exhaust gas had been used as cover gas .

Tankene som henholdsvis tømmes og fylles kan være i forskjellige skip eller det kan være de samme tankene. I sistnevnte tilfelle vil et tankskip tømme en last fra tankene der tidligere oppsamlet gass benyttes som dekkgass. Ved fylling av ny last samles så dekkgassen opp igjen for senere bruk. The tanks that are respectively emptied and filled may be in different ships or they may be the same tanks. In the latter case, a tanker will empty a cargo from the tanks where previously collected gas is used as cover gas. When filling a new load, the shielding gas is collected again for later use.

Den oppsamlede gassen komprimeres ikke vesentlig, og lagres i lagertankene eller fjellhallene/kavernene ved relativt lavt trykk. Det er derfor ikke behov for et utskillingsanlegg for hydrokarboner eller flyktige komponenter som kondenserer eller skilles ut ved trykkøkning. For å overvinne strømningstap og eventuell trykkdifferanse kan det imidlertid være nødvendig å installere et utstyr for trykk-økning for transport av gass mellom lagertankene og skipstankene. Dette kan for eksempel være en gassblåsemaskin eller en vifte. The collected gas is not significantly compressed, and is stored in the storage tanks or mountain halls/caverns at relatively low pressure. There is therefore no need for a separation plant for hydrocarbons or volatile components that condense or are separated when the pressure increases. However, in order to overcome flow loss and any pressure difference, it may be necessary to install a pressure boosting device for the transport of gas between the storage tanks and the ship's tanks. This could be, for example, a gas blower or a fan.

I norsk patent NO310377 er det beskrevet en løsning der gass fra et prosessanlegg som normalt brennes i fakkel samles opp og ledes til ett eller flere lav-trykkslagre. Gass fra lavtrykkslageret/ene ledes så tilbake til prosessen. NO310377 omhandler ikke gass som slippes ut ved lasting av transportmidler under normal drift. Når det gjelder kjente løsninger, skal det vises spesifikt til US-patentskrifter US 5,367,882, US 6,604,558 og WO 2004/081440. Norwegian patent NO310377 describes a solution where gas from a process plant that is normally burned in a flare is collected and directed to one or more low-pressure storages. Gas from the low-pressure reservoir(s) is then led back to the process. NO310377 does not deal with gas that is released when loading means of transport during normal operation. As regards known solutions, reference should be made specifically to US patent documents US 5,367,882, US 6,604,558 and WO 2004/081440.

I US-patentskrift 5,524,456 er det beskrevet en prosess der en dekkgass fra et tankskip er samlet opp, komprimert og nedkjølt i flere trinn for å skille ut flyktige organiske forbindelser, for deretter å lagre den resterende gassen under høyt trykk for senere bruk som dekkgass i tankskip. In US patent 5,524,456, a process is described in which a cover gas from a tanker is collected, compressed and cooled in several stages to separate out volatile organic compounds, and then store the remaining gas under high pressure for later use as a cover gas in tanker.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer en fremgangsmåte for oppsamling av gass som fortrenges ved lasting av hydrokarbonholdig væske til en eller flere tanker, så som skipstanker, og gjenbruk av den oppsamlede hydrokarbonholdige gassen som dekkgass i tanker som tømmes for væske for å hindre inntrengning av luft og kjennetegnes ved at gassen fra tankene som fylles med væske samles opp i et oppsamlingsarrangement og ledes til ett eller flere lagringsvolum i form av store lagertanker, fjellhaller eller kaverner for lagring av gass og/eller væske, idet lagringsvolumet benyttes til: samtidig lagring av den oppsamlede gassen og en væske tilsvarende væsken som lastes til skipstanker, og /eller at lagringsvolumet benyttes til samtidig lagring av den oppsamlede gassen og en væske forskjellig fra væsken som lastes til skipstanker. De ytterligere foretrukne utførelsene av oppfinnelsen fremgår av krav 2-5. The present invention provides a method for collecting gas that is displaced by loading hydrocarbon-containing liquid into one or more tanks, such as ship tanks, and reusing the collected hydrocarbon-containing gas as a cover gas in tanks that are emptied of liquid to prevent the ingress of air and is characterized by that the gas from the tanks that are filled with liquid is collected in a collection arrangement and directed to one or more storage volumes in the form of large storage tanks, mountain halls or caverns for the storage of gas and/or liquid, the storage volume being used for: simultaneous storage of the collected gas and a liquid corresponding to the liquid that is loaded into ship tanks, and/or that the storage volume is used for simultaneous storage of the collected gas and a liquid different from the liquid that is loaded into ship tanks. The further preferred embodiments of the invention appear from claims 2-5.

Videre tilveiebringer oppfinnelsen en anordning ved anlegg for oppsamling av gass som fortrenges ved lasting av hydrokarbonholdig væske til en eller flere tanker, så som skipstanker, og tilbakeføring for gjenbruk av den oppsamlede hydrokarbonholdige gassen som dekkgass i tanker som tømmes for væske, og omfattende et oppsamlingsarrangement for fortrengt gass samt system for tilbakeføring av gass, som kjennetegnes ved et eller flere lagringsvolumer for mellomlagring omfattende store lagertanker, fjellhaller eller kaverner for lagring av gass og/eller væske. De foretrukne utførelsene fremgår av krav 7-10. Furthermore, the invention provides a device at a plant for the collection of gas that is displaced when loading hydrocarbon-containing liquid into one or more tanks, such as ship tanks, and the return for reuse of the collected hydrocarbon-containing gas as a cover gas in tanks that are emptied of liquid, and comprising a collection arrangement for displaced gas as well as a system for the return of gas, which is characterized by one or more storage volumes for intermediate storage comprising large storage tanks, mountain halls or caverns for storing gas and/or liquid. The preferred embodiments appear from claims 7-10.

Fremgangsmåten og anordningen ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes fortrinnsvis i tilknytning til et anlegg som omfatter et prosessanleggs råolje- eller råproduktlager, så som for håndtering av stabilisert eller ustabilisert olje, kondensat, nafta eller andre petroleumsdestillat. The method and device according to the invention are preferably used in connection with a facility that includes a process plant's crude oil or crude product storage, such as for handling stabilized or unstabilized oil, condensate, naphtha or other petroleum distillates.

I motsetning til løsningen som omtales i US patentskrift 5,524,456, er prinsippet i foreliggende oppfinnelse å samle opp og lagre ubehandlet dekkgass i det et høyt hydrokarboninnhold gir mindre fordamping av lasten ved bruk av gassen som dekkgass i et tankskip. Ved foreliggende oppfinnelsen benyttes det heller ikke et behandlingsanlegg forden oppsamlede gassen, og heller ikke trykk-tanker til lagring av den oppsamlede gassen. In contrast to the solution mentioned in US patent 5,524,456, the principle of the present invention is to collect and store untreated shielding gas in that a high hydrocarbon content results in less evaporation of the cargo when the gas is used as shielding gas in a tanker. In the present invention, a treatment plant is not used for the collected gas, nor are pressure tanks for storing the collected gas.

Den foreliggende oppfinnelsen skal nå beskrives nærmere ved hjelp av figur 1, som viser en hovedprinsippskisse av oppfinnelsen. The present invention will now be described in more detail with the help of figure 1, which shows a main principle sketch of the invention.

En skipstank 10 for transport av flyktig væske er via ledning 12 koplet til et oppsamlingsarrangement for gassblanding. Ledningen 12 fører gassblandingen til en stor lagertank/fjellhall/kaverne 14. For å ivareta overføringen og transporten av gassen fra skipstanken 10 til lagertanken 14 kan det være nødvendig å benytte et trykkøkningsutstyr 13, f.eks. en gassblåsemaskin eller en vifte (innkoplet på ledningen 12) for å øke trykket i den gassen som føres til tanken 14. For å kontrollere gasstrykket i tanken 10 kan trykkøkningsmaskinens 13 sugevolum av gassen varieres, eller det kan benyttes en trykkontrollventil. A ship's tank 10 for transporting volatile liquid is connected via line 12 to a collection arrangement for gas mixture. The line 12 leads the gas mixture to a large storage tank/mountain hall/cavern 14. To ensure the transfer and transport of the gas from the ship tank 10 to the storage tank 14, it may be necessary to use a pressure increasing device 13, e.g. a gas blower or a fan (connected to the line 12) to increase the pressure in the gas that is fed to the tank 14. To control the gas pressure in the tank 10, the pressure increase machine 13's suction volume of the gas can be varied, or a pressure control valve can be used.

Under lasting av væske gjennom ledning 20 til den første skipstanken 10 vil et gassvolum 11 i tanken bli fortrengt av den innkommende væske. Den fortrengte gassen samles opp i oppsamlingsarrangementet 12 og transporteres ved hjelp av gassblåsemaskinen 3 til lagerhallen 4. Her mellomlagres gassen til senere bruk, eller den benyttes umiddelbart som dekkgass ved tømming av andre tanker, for eksempel på andre skip. During loading of liquid through line 20 to the first ship's tank 10, a gas volume 11 in the tank will be displaced by the incoming liquid. The displaced gas is collected in the collection arrangement 12 and transported by means of the gas blowing machine 3 to the storage hall 4. Here the gas is temporarily stored for later use, or it is used immediately as cover gas when emptying other tanks, for example on other ships.

Til venstre på figuren er de skjematisk illustrert en skipstank 18 som i utgangs-punktet er fullastet med væske 21 (eksempelvis olje). Under tømming av skipstanken 18 vil det måtte fylles en dekkgass 11 i tanken for å erstatte væskevol-umet 21 som er fjernet. Skipstanken 18 forbindes da med lagertanken 14. Gassen 11 som er lagret i lagertanken 14 transporteres da i et rørsystem 15 og om nødvendig ved hjelp av et trykkøkningsutstyr 16 til tanken 18. En ventil 17 innkoplet på ledningen/røret 15 kan benyttes for å kontrollere trykket i skipstanken 18. Eventuelt kan trykkøkningsutstyrets sugevolum varieres for å variere gassraten inn til tanken 18. On the left of the figure, a ship's tank 18 is schematically illustrated which is initially fully loaded with liquid 21 (for example oil). During emptying of the ship's tank 18, a covering gas 11 will have to be filled in the tank to replace the liquid volume 21 that has been removed. The ship tank 18 is then connected to the storage tank 14. The gas 11 which is stored in the storage tank 14 is then transported in a pipe system 15 and, if necessary, by means of a pressure-increasing device 16 to the tank 18. A valve 17 connected to the line/pipe 15 can be used to control the pressure in the ship tank 18. If necessary, the suction volume of the pressure boosting equipment can be varied to vary the gas rate into the tank 18.

Utførelser av oppfinnelsen. Embodiments of the invention.

Utifrå det ovenstående kan fremføringen av gassene fra til de to tank-typene (en som tømmes for væske hhv en som lastes med væske) utøves for mange ulike situasjoner. Based on the above, the transfer of gases from to the two tank types (one that is emptied of liquid and one that is loaded with liquid) can be carried out for many different situations.

Lagringsvolumet kan benyttes til samtidig lagring av den oppsamlede gassen og en væske tilsvarende væsken som lastes til skipstanker, eller det kan benyttes til samtidig lagring av den oppsamlede gassen og en væske forskjellig fra væsken som lastes til skipstanker. The storage volume can be used for simultaneous storage of the collected gas and a liquid corresponding to the liquid that is loaded into ship tanks, or it can be used for simultaneous storage of the collected gas and a liquid different from the liquid that is loaded into ship tanks.

Alternativt kan gassen samles opp fra en eller flere skipstanker og føres til lagervolumet, og at gassen føres videre til andre skipstanker som er under tømming for væske. Alternatively, the gas can be collected from one or more ship tanks and taken to the storage volume, and that the gas be passed on to other ship tanks that are being emptied of liquid.

Lagringsvolumet kan utgjøres av anleggets råolje- eller råproduktlager, så som stabilisert eller ustabilisert olje, kondensat, nafta eller andre petroleumsdestillat. The storage volume can be made up of the facility's crude oil or crude product storage, such as stabilized or unstabilized oil, condensate, naphtha or other petroleum distillates.

Gassen kan samles opp fra en eller flere skipstanker og føres til lagervolumet for mellomlagring, og at gassen på et senere tidspunkt benyttes som dekkgass i skipstanker i forbindelse med tømming av væske fra disse tankene. The gas can be collected from one or more ship tanks and taken to the storage volume for intermediate storage, and that the gas is used at a later stage as cover gas in ship tanks in connection with the emptying of liquid from these tanks.

Det foran nevnte trykkøkningsutstyr kan, i tilknytning til lagringsvolumet, være for trykkøkning for å transportere den lagrede gassen direkte videre til en tank hvor den benyttes som dekkgass. Trykkøkningsutstyret kan samtidig være for selve fremføringen av gassen og for å regulere trykket i gassen. The aforementioned pressure increase equipment can, in connection with the storage volume, be for pressure increase to transport the stored gas directly on to a tank where it is used as a cover gas. The pressure-increasing equipment can at the same time be for the actual delivery of the gas and for regulating the pressure in the gas.

Det er også et alternativ at gassen fra lagringsvolumet ikke benyttes som dekkgass, men benyttes til annet egnet formål. It is also an alternative that the gas from the storage volume is not used as cover gas, but is used for another suitable purpose.

Med foreliggende oppfinnelse er det frembrakt en løsning som medfører at dekkgass kan benyttes på en rekke måter med utgangspunkt i et lager som har et stort volum. Dessuten kan det anvendes store lagringsvolumer som er ment benyttet til annet formål, for eksempel til lagring av hydrokarbonholdig væske. With the present invention, a solution has been produced which means that shielding gas can be used in a number of ways starting from a warehouse that has a large volume. In addition, large storage volumes that are meant to be used for other purposes, for example for storing hydrocarbon-containing liquid, can be used.

Selv om det benyttes trykksettingsutstyr ved behov for regulering av gasstrykket og for å fremføre gassen, så er det gjennomgående at lagertanken og hele ledningssystemet kan opereres med lave trykk. Although pressurization equipment is used when necessary to regulate the gas pressure and to deliver the gas, it is generally the case that the storage tank and the entire pipeline system can be operated at low pressures.

Claims (11)

1. Fremgangsmåte for oppsamling av gass som fortrenges ved lasting av hydrokarbonholdig væske til en eller flere tanker, så som skipstanker, og gjenbruk av den oppsamlede hydrokarbonholdige gassen som dekkgass i tanker som tømmes for væske for å hindre inntrengning av luft, karakterisert vedat gassen fra tankene som fylles med væske samles opp i et oppsamlingsarrangement og ledes til ett eller flere lagringsvolum i form av store lagertanker, fjellhaller eller kaverner for lagring av gass og/eller væske, idet lagringsvolumet benyttes til: samtidig lagring av den oppsamlede gassen og en væske tilsvarende væsken som lastes til skipstanker, og /eller at lagringsvolumet benyttes til samtidig lagring av den oppsamlede gassen og en væske forskjellig fra væsken som lastes til skipstanker.1. Procedure for collecting gas that is displaced when loading hydrocarbon-containing liquid into one or more tanks, such as ship tanks, and reusing the collected hydrocarbon-containing gas as a cover gas in tanks that are emptied of liquid to prevent the ingress of air, characterized in that the gas from the tanks that are filled with liquid is collected in a collection arrangement and directed to one or more storage volumes in the form of large storage tanks, mountain halls or caverns for the storage of gas and/or liquid, the storage volume being used for: simultaneous storage of the collected gas and a liquid corresponding to the liquid that is loaded into ship tanks, and/or that the storage volume is used for simultaneous storage of the collected gas and a liquid different from the liquid that is loaded into ship tanks. 2. Fremgangsmåte i samsvar med krav 1, karakterisert vedsamtidig med at gassen samles opp fra en eller flere skipstanker og føres til lagervolumet, føres det gass videre til andre skipstanker som er under tømming for væske.2. Procedure in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that at the same time the gas is collected from one or more ship tanks and taken to the storage volume, the gas is passed on to other ship tanks which are being emptied of liquid. 3. Fremgangsmåte i samsvar med krav 1-2, karakterisert vedat den oppsamlete gassen som føres til lagringsvolumet underkastes en trykkøkning for.3. Procedure in accordance with requirements 1-2, characterized in that the collected gas which is fed to the storage volume is subjected to a pressure increase for. 4. Fremgangsmåte i samsvar med et av de foregående krav,karakterisert vedat den lagrede gassen som føres tilbake fra lagringsvolumet underkastes en trykkøkning for transport til en tank hvor den benyttes som dekkgass.4. Method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stored gas which is returned from the storage volume is subjected to a pressure increase for transport to a tank where it is used as a cover gas. 5. Fremgangsmåte i samsvar med krav 1,karakterisert vedat gassen fra lagringsvolumet videreføres til andre anvendelser enn som dekkgass.5. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the gas from the storage volume is passed on to other uses than as a cover gas. 6. Anordning ved anlegg for oppsamling av gass som fortrenges ved lasting av hydrokarbonholdig væske til en eller flere tanker, så som skipstanker, og tilbakeføring for gjenbruk av den oppsamlede hydrokarbonholdige gassen som dekkgass i tanker som tømmes for væske, og omfattende et oppsamlingsarrangement for fortrengt gass samt system for tilbakeføring av gass,karakterisert ved et eller flere lagringsvolumer for mellomlagring omfattende store lagertanker, fjellhaller eller kaverner for lagring av gass og/eller væske.6. Device at a facility for the collection of gas that is displaced when loading hydrocarbon-containing liquid into one or more tanks, such as ship tanks, and return for reuse of the collected hydrocarbon-containing gas as a cover gas in tanks that are emptied of liquid, and comprising a collection arrangement for displaced gas and system for returning gas, characterized by one or more storage volumes for intermediate storage comprising large storage tanks, rock halls or caverns for storing gas and/or liquid. 7. Anordning i samsvar med krav 6, karakterisert vedat arrangementet for oppsamling av gass omfatter utrustning til å øke gasstrykket for å transportere den oppsamlede gassen til lagringsvolumet.7. Device in accordance with claim 6, characterized in that the arrangement for collecting gas includes equipment to increase the gas pressure in order to transport the collected gas to the storage volume. 8. Anordning i samsvar med et av kravene 6-7, karakterisert vedat gass-oppsamlingsarrangementet omfatter utrustning for å øke gasstrykket for å transportere den oppsamlede gassen til lagringsvolumet.8. Device in accordance with one of claims 6-7, characterized in that the gas collection arrangement includes equipment to increase the gas pressure in order to transport the collected gas to the storage volume. 9. Anordning i samsvar med et av kravene 6-8, karakterisert vedat det i tilknytning til lagringsvolumet er anordnet utstyr for trykkøkning for å transportere den lagrede gassen til en tank hvor den benyttes som dekkgass.9. Device in accordance with one of claims 6-8, characterized by the fact that, in connection with the storage volume, there is equipment for increasing pressure to transport the stored gas to a tank where it is used as a covering gas. 10. Anordning i samsvar med et av kravene 6-9, karakterisert vedat oppsamlingsarrangementet og innretningen for tilbakeføring av gass og/eller økning av trykket, omfatter en gassblåsemaskin eller en vifte.10. Device in accordance with one of claims 6-9, characterized in that the collection arrangement and the device for returning gas and/or increasing the pressure comprise a gas blower or a fan. 11. Anvendelse av fremgangsmåte og anordning ifølge de foregående krav, i tilknytning til et anlegg som omfatter et prosessanleggs råolje- eller råproduktlager, så som for håndtering av stabilisert eller ustabilisert olje, kondensat, nafta eller andre petroleumsdestillat.11. Application of the method and device according to the preceding claims, in connection with a plant that includes a process plant's crude oil or crude product storage, such as for handling stabilized or unstabilized oil, condensate, naphtha or other petroleum distillates.
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