NO320284B1 - Combination of oils and their use. - Google Patents
Combination of oils and their use. Download PDFInfo
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- NO320284B1 NO320284B1 NO20041197A NO20041197A NO320284B1 NO 320284 B1 NO320284 B1 NO 320284B1 NO 20041197 A NO20041197 A NO 20041197A NO 20041197 A NO20041197 A NO 20041197A NO 320284 B1 NO320284 B1 NO 320284B1
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Landscapes
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en kombinasjon av oljer som et supplement til, eller komponent i, en regulær diett for å motvirke utviklingen av hjerte-karsykdom (CHD), blodpropp og andre betennelsesbetingede sykdommer som psoriasis og revmatisme. Kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen innbefatter selolje og jomfruelig olivenolje. The present invention relates to a combination of oils as a supplement to, or component of, a regular diet to counteract the development of cardiovascular disease (CHD), blood clots and other inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatism. The combination of oils according to the invention includes seal oil and virgin olive oil.
Aterosklerotiske lesjoner dannes når tre cellulære sirkulasjonskomponenter, monocytter, blodplater og T-lymfocytter, reagerer med LDL-kolesterol og to celletyper i arterieveggen, endotelceller (EC) og de glatte muskelcellene (SMC). Atherosclerotic lesions form when three cellular circulating components, monocytes, platelets, and T lymphocytes, react with LDL cholesterol and two cell types in the arterial wall, endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC).
Forløperen for aterogenesen er rekruttering av monocytter og lymfocytter fra det perifere blod til intima i karveggen, en hendelse som synes å avhenge av det lokale nærvær av store mengder LDL. Når LDL akkumulerer blir bundet lipid og protein oksidert og glykosylert. Celler i karveggen synes å tolke denne endringen som et farlig signal og ber om forsterkninger fra kroppens forsvarssystem. Disse prosessene synes å fremme en oppregulering av adhesjonsmolekyler på endotelceller, særlig det vaskulære celleadhesjonsmolekyl-1 (VCAM-1) og det intracellulære adhesjonsmolekyl-l (ICAM-1). Slik blir rekrutteringen av monocytter og lymfocytter initiert. Dette fører til økt transmigrering av monocytter, oppregulert eksponering av adhesjonsmolekyler på endotelet, samt produksjon og frigjøring av kjemiske tiltreknings substanser. Dette er avgjørende hendelser for overføring av monocytter til initima, og den parallelle differensiering av monocytter til makrofager. Tilgjengelig modifisert LDL er også nødvendig for den videre utviklingen av makrofager til skumceller (fettrike makrofager), som er hovedårsaken til dannelse av fettstriper under karveggens endotel. Modifiserte former av LDL (oksiderte, glykosylerte, m.fl) er av spesiell interesse, fordi modifiseringen av LDL er assosiert med betennelsesreaksjoner som har sin bakgrunn i prosesser som er initiert på grunn av adhesjon og transmigrering av monocytter og lymfocytter inn i intima. The precursor to atherogenesis is the recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes from the peripheral blood to the intima of the vessel wall, an event that seems to depend on the local presence of large amounts of LDL. When LDL accumulates, bound lipid and protein are oxidized and glycosylated. Cells in the vessel wall seem to interpret this change as a dangerous signal and call for reinforcements from the body's defense system. These processes seem to promote an upregulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, in particular the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). This is how the recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes is initiated. This leads to increased transmigration of monocytes, up-regulated exposure of adhesion molecules on the endothelium, as well as the production and release of chemical attraction substances. These are decisive events for the transfer of monocytes to initima, and the parallel differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Available modified LDL is also necessary for the further development of macrophages into foam cells (fat-rich macrophages), which are the main cause of the formation of fatty streaks under the vessel wall endothelium. Modified forms of LDL (oxidized, glycosylated, etc.) are of particular interest, because the modification of LDL is associated with inflammatory reactions that have their background in processes initiated due to adhesion and transmigration of monocytes and lymphocytes into the intima.
Som nevnt ovenfor er det velkjent at monocytter spiller en sentral rolle i den tidlige fase av aterogenesen. En av de første hendelser i den aterosklerotiske prosessen er mobiliseringen av monocytter inn i intima. Fordi rekrutteringen av monocytter og deres penetrering gjennom endotelium er forbundet med sekresjon av aktiveringsprodukter som cytokiner og vekstfaktorer, kan man anta at den funksjonelle reaktiviteten til sirkulerende monocytter er meget viktig. Det blir hevdet at kroniske, infektiøse sykdommer kan påvirke den funksjonelle reaktiviteten ved å aktivere monocyttene og gjøre dem mer tilbøyelige til å produsere og frigjøre skadelige produkter som cytokiner og kjemokiner som respons på stress. As mentioned above, it is well known that monocytes play a central role in the early phase of atherogenesis. One of the first events in the atherosclerotic process is the mobilization of monocytes into the intima. Because the recruitment of monocytes and their penetration through the endothelium is associated with the secretion of activation products such as cytokines and growth factors, one can assume that the functional reactivity of circulating monocytes is very important. It is argued that chronic infectious diseases can affect functional reactivity by activating monocytes and making them more likely to produce and release harmful products such as cytokines and chemokines in response to stress.
Nøyaktig hvordan de funksjonelle egenskaper til sirkulerende monocytter henger sammen med aterogenesen er så langt lite kjent, men at hyperaktive monocytter er avgjørende for patofysiologien ved revmatisme, psoriasis og andre betennelsesbetingede sykdommer er imidlertid etablert kunnskap. Vi vet også at aterogenese er en proinflammatorisk sykdom. Det kan derfor antas at den proinflammatoriske funksjon hos sirkulerende monocytter kan assosieres med økt risiko for hjerte-karsykdom (CHD), og at høye kolesterolnivåer kan forsterke produksjonen av proinflammatoriske produkter som oksygenradikaler, cytokiner etc. Exactly how the functional properties of circulating monocytes are connected with atherogenesis is so far little known, but it is, however, established knowledge that hyperactive monocytes are crucial for the pathophysiology of rheumatism, psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases. We also know that atherogenesis is a proinflammatory disease. It can therefore be assumed that the proinflammatory function of circulating monocytes can be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CHD), and that high cholesterol levels can enhance the production of proinflammatory products such as oxygen radicals, cytokines etc.
Oppfinner har gjennom mange år observert at reaktiviteten hos monocytter, bedømt ved produksjonen av tromboplastin (Tissue Factor = TF) og cytokiner som TNFa og IL-6 i lipopolysakkarid (LPS) stimulert blod, varierer mellom individer fra lav aktivitet til meget høy aktivitet (høyrespondere). Denne egenskap hos monocyttene synes å være arvelig (Østerud et al, "Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis" 2002; 13:399-405). Oppfinner har bl.a. undersøkt in vitro hvordan LPS-indusert reaktivitet hos monocytter i fullblod relaterer til lipidprofilen i serum hos friske individer med en hjerteinfarkt (MI)-eller cancerhistorie i den nære familie. Av totalt 54 individer i hjerteinfarkt (MI) familiene hadde 20 moderat høyt kolesterol (7,1 - 10,2 mmol/1), mens 34 hadde normalt kolesterol. Av individene med normalt kolesterol hadde 19 hyperaktive monocytter (høyrespondere), mens 15 hadde normalt responderende monocytter. LPS-indusert tromboplastin (TF), TNFa og IL-6 var i gjennomsnitt 3-4 ganger høyere i gruppen med normalt kolesterol sammenlignet med gruppen med moderat høyt kolesterol. Således ble det ikke funnet noen positiv korrelasjon mellom hyperaktive monocytter og kolesterol-nivå. Alle de 42 individene i familiene med krefthistorie hadde normalt kolesterol, og LPS-indusert tromboplastin (TF), TNFa og IL-6 var ikke signifikant forskjellig fra verdiene til gruppen med moderat høyt kolesterol blant hjerteinfarkt (MI) familiene. Dette støtter konklusjonen om at moderat høyt kolesterol ikke er assosiert med økt monocyttaktivering i fullblod, mens hyperaktive perifere blodmonocytter er en signifikant risikofaktor for utvikling av hjerte- karsykdom. Over many years, the inventor has observed that the reactivity of monocytes, judged by the production of thromboplastin (Tissue Factor = TF) and cytokines such as TNFa and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated blood, varies between individuals from low activity to very high activity (high responders ). This property of the monocytes appears to be hereditary (Østerud et al, "Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis" 2002; 13:399-405). The inventor has, among other things, investigated in vitro how LPS-induced reactivity in monocytes in whole blood relates to the lipid profile in serum in healthy individuals with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or cancer in the close family. Of a total of 54 individuals in heart attack (MI) families, 20 had moderately high cholesterol (7.1 - 10.2 mmol/1), while 34 had normal cholesterol. Of the individuals with normal cholesterol, 19 had hyperactive monocytes (high responders), while 15 had normally responding monocytes. LPS-induced thromboplastin (TF), TNFα and IL-6 were on average 3-4 times higher in the normal cholesterol group compared to the moderately high cholesterol group. Thus, no positive correlation was found between hyperactive monocytes and cholesterol level. All 42 individuals in the families with a history of cancer had normal cholesterol, and LPS-induced thromboplastin (TF), TNFα and IL-6 were not significantly different from the values of the moderately high cholesterol group among the myocardial infarction (MI) families. This supports the conclusion that moderately high cholesterol is not associated with increased monocyte activation in whole blood, while hyperactive peripheral blood monocytes are a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.
Å redusere reaktiviteten til monocytter, og derved produksjon av proinflammatoriske produkter som cytokiner, oksidative metabolitter og vekstfaktorer, er trolig minst like viktig som å redusere kolesterolnivået. Nye studier viser også at statiners betennelsesdempende effekt kan være viktigere enn den kolesterolreduserende effekten (Balk et al. "Effects of statins on nonlipid serum markers associated with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review" Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:670-82. Review). Reducing the reactivity of monocytes, and thereby the production of proinflammatory products such as cytokines, oxidative metabolites and growth factors, is probably at least as important as reducing cholesterol levels. New studies also show that statins' anti-inflammatory effect may be more important than the cholesterol-reducing effect (Balk et al. "Effects of statins on nonlipid serum markers associated with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review" Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:670-82. Review ).
Kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholder omega-3 fettsyrer. Disse er kjente for å redusere risikoen for arytmier som kan føre til plutselig død. Omega-3 fettsyrer er også kjente for å redusere risikoen for trombose som kan føre til hjerteinfarkt og slag. De reduserer veksthastigheten for aterosklerotisk plakk, og har derved betennelsesdempende egenskaper, ettersom lesjonsdannelse i den aterogene prosess medieres av proinflammatoriske reaksjoner. Videre forbedrer omega-3 fettsyrer den endoteliale funksjon, reduserer nivået av triglycerider i blod og gir et noe lavere blodtrykk (for en kort oversikt henvises det til PM Kris-Etherton, WS Harris, LJ. Appell "Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol." 2003; 23:151-2). The combination of oils according to the invention contains omega-3 fatty acids. These are known to reduce the risk of arrhythmias that can lead to sudden death. Omega-3 fatty acids are also known to reduce the risk of thrombosis which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. They reduce the growth rate of atherosclerotic plaque, and thereby have anti-inflammatory properties, as lesion formation in the atherogenic process is mediated by proinflammatory reactions. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids improve endothelial function, reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood and provide a somewhat lower blood pressure (for a brief overview, see PM Kris-Etherton, WS Harris, LJ. Appell "Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol." 2003; 23:151-2).
Basert på egenskapene til omega-3 fettsyrer skulle man forvente at tilskudd av omega-3 fettsyrer skulle være tilstrekkelig til å forhindre kardiovaskulære sykdommer. Kliniske studier gjennomført i Norge har imidlertid påvist negative effekter av omega-3 fettsyrer (I Seljeflot, O Johansen, H Arnesen, JB Eggesbo, AB Westvik, P, Kierulf, "Thromb Haemost" 1999; 81:566-70; O Johansen, I Seljeflot, AT Hostmark, H Arnesen "Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol." 1999;19:1681-6). Kardiovaskulære pasienter som fikk tilskudd av omega-3 fettsyrer i 6 måneder opplevde en fordobling av både angina og okklusjoner sammenlignet med kontroller. Det ble også observert en økning i cytokinproduksjon, noe som antyder en økning i proinflammatoriske peroksydasjon av flerumettede fettsyrer in vivo (for en oversikt vises det til H. Arnesen "Lipids" 2001; 36 Suppl:S 103-6). Based on the properties of omega-3 fatty acids, one would expect that supplements of omega-3 fatty acids would be sufficient to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, clinical studies conducted in Norway have demonstrated negative effects of omega-3 fatty acids (I Seljeflot, O Johansen, H Arnesen, JB Eggesbo, AB Westvik, P, Kierulf, "Thromb Haemost" 1999; 81:566-70; O Johansen, In Seljeflot, AT Hostmark, H Arnesen "Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol." 1999;19:1681-6). Cardiovascular patients receiving omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for 6 months experienced a doubling of both angina and occlusions compared to controls. An increase in cytokine production was also observed, which suggests an increase in proinflammatory peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo (for an overview see H. Arnesen "Lipids" 2001; 36 Suppl:S 103-6).
Det ovenfor anførte er i overensstemmelse med oppfinners egne resultater når det gjelder dietter med tilskudd av omega-3 fettsyrer. Således var den betennelsesdempende effekt av å supplere dietten til friske individer med et omega-3 fettsyrekonsentrat ikke signifikant sammenlignet med en tilsvarende mengde omega-3 fettsyrer i form av torskeleverolje (CLO). Kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen ga derimot en signifikant reduksjon av LPS-indusert cytokin- og eicosanoidproduksjon etter 10 ukers inntak av 15 ml olje per dag. The above is in accordance with the inventor's own results when it comes to diets with supplements of omega-3 fatty acids. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effect of supplementing the diet of healthy individuals with an omega-3 fatty acid concentrate was not significant compared to a similar amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of cod liver oil (CLO). The combination of oils according to the invention, on the other hand, produced a significant reduction of LPS-induced cytokine and eicosanoid production after 10 weeks of consuming 15 ml of oil per day.
Moderne raffineringsprosesser for fremstilling av olje fra fisk og maritime pattedyr har som mål å gjøre oljen sunnere, sikrere, mer smakfull og mer lagringsstabil. Fjerning av molekyler som gir uønsket smak eller lukt, for å forbedre de sensoriske egenskaper, kan imidlertid ødelegge potente antioksidanter. Næringskvaliteten påvirkes også av det kvantitative innholdet av biologisk aktive molekyler. Disse næringsstoffene påvirkes av flere faktorer som miljø, tilgjengelighet, kjemiske stabilitet, graden av prosessering og den form i hvilken næringen avgis. Fiskeoljer ekstraheres fra hel fisk, fiskelever (hovedsakelig torskelever) eller biprodukter (hovedsakelig laks). Oljer fra marine pattedyr fremstilles fra spekk og eksternt adiposevev. Modern refining processes for the production of oil from fish and marine mammals aim to make the oil healthier, safer, tastier and more shelf-stable. However, removing molecules that give off an unwanted taste or smell to improve the sensory properties can destroy potent antioxidants. The nutritional quality is also affected by the quantitative content of biologically active molecules. These nutrients are affected by several factors such as the environment, availability, chemical stability, the degree of processing and the form in which the nutrient is released. Fish oils are extracted from whole fish, fish liver (mainly cod liver) or by-products (mainly salmon). Oils from marine mammals are produced from blubber and external adipose tissue.
Prosessering av marine oljer slik at de blir egnet for menneskelig føde kan være problematisk. Tradisjonelle ekstraheringsteknikker involverer oppvarming eller dampstripping av råmateriale for å frigjøre lipidene. Marine oljer har høyt innhold av umettede fettsyrer. Anvendelse av høye temperaturer under ekstraheringen vil forårsake uønskede effekter som initiering av oksidasjonsreaksjoner, destruering av antioksidanter og dannelse av molekyler som gir oljen lukt og smak. Detekterbare endringer inntrer i lipidkomponenter ved varmeekstrahering over 40 °C, sammenlignet med deres "jomfruelige" tilstand i cellene. For å oppnå et stabilt, sensorisk akseptabelt og sikkert produkt, er fjerning av et antall komponenter (proteiner, peptider, aminosyrer, frie fettsyrer, fosfolipider, pigmenter, steroler, transformasjonsprodukter, metaller og eventuelle toksiske stoffer) vanligvis nødvendig. Den konvensjonelle raffineringsprosessen består av fire hovedtrinn, polering, syrevasking, bleking og luktfjerning. I tillegg benyttes ofte trinn som rensing (filter, sedimentering), blanding av forskjellige batcher, vinterisering og poleringsfiltrering. Under raffineringstrinnene vil et antall kjemiske reaksjoner (hydrolyse, autooksydering, isomerisering, konjugering, polymerisering, pyrolyse og dehydratisering) inntre avhengig av prosessbetingelsene. Raffineringsprosessen må ta høyde for å fjerne eventuelle uønskede biprodukter som måtte dannes. Antall rensetrinn påvirkes også av kvaliteten på råoljen, inkludert medfølgende substanser, mengde og art av urenheter, tidligere oksidativ- og hydrolytisk skade. Avgjørende for valg av raffineringsprosess vil være kvalitetskriterier for næringsoljen, miljøforhold, økonomi og redusert materialtapet. Processing marine oils to make them suitable for human consumption can be problematic. Traditional extraction techniques involve heating or steam stripping raw material to release the lipids. Marine oils have a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. The use of high temperatures during the extraction will cause unwanted effects such as the initiation of oxidation reactions, the destruction of antioxidants and the formation of molecules that give the oil smell and taste. Detectable changes occur in lipid components upon heat extraction above 40 °C, compared to their "virgin" state in the cells. In order to obtain a stable, sensory acceptable and safe product, the removal of a number of components (proteins, peptides, amino acids, free fatty acids, phospholipids, pigments, sterols, transformation products, metals and any toxic substances) is usually necessary. The conventional refining process consists of four main steps, polishing, acid washing, bleaching and deodorization. In addition, steps such as purification (filter, sedimentation), mixing of different batches, winterization and polishing filtration are often used. During the refining steps, a number of chemical reactions (hydrolysis, autoxidation, isomerisation, conjugation, polymerisation, pyrolysis and dehydration) will occur depending on the process conditions. The refining process must take into account the removal of any unwanted by-products that may be formed. The number of purification steps is also affected by the quality of the crude oil, including accompanying substances, quantity and nature of impurities, previous oxidative and hydrolytic damage. Decisive for the choice of refining process will be quality criteria for the edible oil, environmental conditions, economy and reduced material loss.
Raffinering av marine oljer for å forbedre de sensoriske egenskaper og stabilitet kan altså ødelegge potente antioksidanter og komponenter med potensielt fordelaktige funksjonelle egenskaper. Refining marine oils to improve sensory properties and stability can thus destroy potent antioxidants and components with potentially beneficial functional properties.
Flerumettede fettsyrer, bl.a. omega-3 fettsyrer, kan inkorporeres i LDL-partikler og gjøre disse mer utsatt for oksidasjon. Ettersom oksidasjon av LDL-partikler er en av hovedreaksjonene i den tidlige fase av aterogenese, vil en hindring av oksidasjonen hindre dannelse av skumceller i intima (for et overblikk vises det til B Østerud, E Bjørklid, "Physiological Reviews", 2003; 83: 1069-112. Review). Således er antioksidanter påvist å redusere lesjonsdannelse i dyremodeller (M. Aviram, B. Fuhrman "Ann N Y Acad Sei." 2002; 957: 146-61. Review). Videre er antioksidanter også viktige ved nedregulering av eicosanoidmetabolismen. Lipoksygenaseveien, som fører til dannelse av bl.a. leukotrien B4, inhiberes av antioksidanter med påfølgende reduksjon i LTB4-produksjonen. I den senere tid er det blant annet påvist at inhibering av LTB4 reseptor i transgene mus som var predisponert for aterosklerose reduserte lesjonsdannelsen med rundt 70 % (RJ Aiello, PA Bourassa, S Lindsey, W Weng, A Freeman, HJ Showell, "Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol." 2002;22:443-9). Polyunsaturated fatty acids, i.a. omega-3 fatty acids, can be incorporated into LDL particles and make these more susceptible to oxidation. As oxidation of LDL particles is one of the main reactions in the early phase of atherogenesis, an obstruction of the oxidation will prevent the formation of foam cells in the intima (for an overview see B Østerud, E Bjørklid, "Physiological Reviews", 2003; 83: 1069-112.Review). Thus, antioxidants have been shown to reduce lesion formation in animal models (M. Aviram, B. Fuhrman "Ann N Y Acad Sei." 2002; 957: 146-61. Review). Furthermore, antioxidants are also important in the down-regulation of eicosanoid metabolism. The lipoxygenase pathway, which leads to the formation of i.a. leukotriene B4, is inhibited by antioxidants with a subsequent reduction in LTB4 production. Recently, it has been shown, among other things, that inhibition of the LTB4 receptor in transgenic mice that were predisposed to atherosclerosis reduced lesion formation by around 70% (RJ Aiello, PA Bourassa, S Lindsey, W Weng, A Freeman, HJ Showell, "Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol." 2002;22:443-9).
En forsøksperson (oppfinner) som har benyttet næringsoljen ifølge oppfinnelsen i en 10 års periode har meget lav LTB4-generering i LPS-indusert fullblod. Ved å sette kommersiell LTB4 til forsøkspersonens blod stiger den LPS-induserte TF (Tissue factor) med mer enn 70 % og blodresponsen på LPS blir nok en gang blant de høyeste som er målt (Østerud, upubliserte data). A subject (inventor) who has used the nutritional oil according to the invention for a 10-year period has very low LTB4 generation in LPS-induced whole blood. By adding commercial LTB4 to the subject's blood, the LPS-induced TF (Tissue factor) rises by more than 70% and the blood response to LPS is once again among the highest measured (Østerud, unpublished data).
Kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen kombinerer effekten av omega-3 fettsyrer og en synergistisk komponent som gir antioksidasjonseffekt både in vivo og in vitro. Denne kombinasjonen har ifølge oppfinnelsen gitt overraskende fordelaktige egenskaper i form av svært gode kliniske effekter, bedre bruksegenskaper og lengre holdbarhet. Oppfinnerne har vist at det oppnås en særlig fordelaktig virkning ved anvendelse av et produkt som inneholder olje fra sel og kaldpresset jomfrulig olivenolje, hvor begge disse komponentene fremstilles på en i og for seg kjent måte. Den oppnådde effekten kan synes mer uttalt enn det som ville være å forvente om hver komponent var anvendt alene. The combination of oils according to the invention combines the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and a synergistic component that provides an antioxidant effect both in vivo and in vitro. According to the invention, this combination has given surprisingly advantageous properties in the form of very good clinical effects, better usage properties and longer shelf life. The inventors have shown that a particularly beneficial effect is achieved by using a product containing oil from seals and cold-pressed virgin olive oil, where both of these components are produced in a manner known per se. The effect achieved may seem more pronounced than what would be expected if each component were used alone.
Oppfinnelsen angår således en kombinasjon av oljer som supplement til regulær diett, kjennetegnet ved at den innbefatter en kombinasjon av selolje og jomfrulig kaldpresset olivenolje. The invention thus relates to a combination of oils as a supplement to regular diet, characterized by the fact that it includes a combination of seal oil and virgin cold-pressed olive oil.
Oppfinnelsen angår også anvendelse av kombinasjonen ifølge oppfinnelsen som en komponent i en olje-i-vann eller vann-i-olje emulsjon i matvarer. The invention also relates to the use of the combination according to the invention as a component in an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion in foodstuffs.
Videre angår oppfinnelsen anvendelse av kombinasjonen ifølge oppfinnelsen, eventuelt sammen med hjelpestoffer, for eksempel fremstilling av et preparat for å motvirke utviklingen av hjerte-karsykdom og tromboser og å undertrykke psoriasis, revmatisme og andre proinflammatoriske sykdommer. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the combination according to the invention, optionally together with excipients, for example the preparation of a preparation to counteract the development of cardiovascular disease and thrombosis and to suppress psoriasis, rheumatism and other proinflammatory diseases.
To kliniske studier er gjennomført på effekten av å anvende kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen som et daglig supplement til friske individer. I den første studie var det 28 deltakere i henholdsvis kontrollgruppen og gruppen som mottok kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen, mens det var 37 deltakere i en torskeleverolje (CLO)-gruppe. Hver person konsumerte 15 ml olje per dag eller ingen ting (kontrollgruppen) i 12 uker. Selv om det var en høyere stigning i omega-3 fettsyrene i serum hos individene i CLO-gruppen sammenlignet med gruppen som mottok kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen, var reduksjonen i LPS-indusert TNF i fullblod 24,0 % i gruppen som mottok kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen sammenlignet med 5,0 % i CLO gruppen. Dette viser, som i den tidligere omtalte studie, at reduksjonen i mengde inflammatoriske produkter hos stimulerte blodceller ikke direkte er relatert til innholdet av omega-3 fettsyrer (Østerud et al 1995). Two clinical studies have been conducted on the effect of using the combination of oils according to the invention as a daily supplement for healthy individuals. In the first study, there were 28 participants in the control group and the group that received the combination of oils according to the invention, respectively, while there were 37 participants in a cod liver oil (CLO) group. Each person consumed 15 ml of oil per day or nothing (the control group) for 12 weeks. Although there was a higher increase in serum omega-3 fatty acids in subjects in the CLO group compared to the group receiving the combination of oils according to the invention, the reduction in LPS-induced TNF in whole blood was 24.0% in the group receiving the combination of oils according to the invention compared to 5.0% in the CLO group. This shows, as in the previously mentioned study, that the reduction in the amount of inflammatory products in stimulated blood cells is not directly related to the content of omega-3 fatty acids (Østerud et al 1995).
I en annen studie oppnådde man resultatene som angitt i tabell 1. In another study, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
Tabell 1 viser forandring i noen av de viktigste parametrene relatert til hjerte- karsykdom (CHD). HDL-kol er det fordelaktige kolesterolet og enhver positiv forandring av dette er av det gode. Hypersensitivt C-reaktivt protein (hs-CRP) reflekterer kroniske inflammasjons reaksjoner i kroppen. Det er vist at økte verdier på mellom 0 til 5 mmol/1 er en god risiko indikator for hjerte-karsykdom, og særlig når andelen total kolesterol over HDL-kolesterol relatert til hs-CRP øker (Rifai N, Ridker PM. "Inflammatory markers and coronary heart disease" Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002;13:383-9. Review.). Monocytt kjemotaktisk protein-1 (MCP-1) er et svært viktig kjemisk tiltrekningsprotein, som spiller en viktig rolle i utvikling av aterosklerose ved at det mobiliserer proinflammatoriske stoffer på steder hvor det produseres. Således kan et hvilket som helst diettilskudd som gir en reduksjon i MCP-1 være svært fordelaktig. LTB4 og TxB2 (et stabilt produkt av TxA2) er proinflammasjons produkter avledet fra metabolismen av arakidonsyre. Table 1 shows changes in some of the most important parameters related to cardiovascular disease (CHD). HDL cholesterol is the beneficial cholesterol and any positive change in this is for the good. Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) reflects chronic inflammatory reactions in the body. It has been shown that increased values between 0 and 5 mmol/1 are a good risk indicator for cardiovascular disease, and especially when the proportion of total cholesterol over HDL cholesterol related to hs-CRP increases (Rifai N, Ridker PM. "Inflammatory markers and coronary heart disease" Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002;13:383-9. Review.). Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is a very important chemoattractant protein, which plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis by mobilizing proinflammatory substances at sites where it is produced. Thus, any dietary supplement that provides a reduction in MCP-1 can be highly beneficial. LTB4 and TxB2 (a stable product of TxA2) are proinflammatory products derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid.
Studien ovenfor ble utført på henholdsvis 23, 18 and 19 friske mennesker i kontrollgruppen, CLO og gruppen som mottok kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen. Prøvene ble tatt fra fastende frivillige mellom 08.00 og 10.00 like før starten av studien og ved slutten etter 12 uker med supplementerende inntak av 15 gram olje (eller The above study was carried out on 23, 18 and 19 healthy people respectively in the control group, CLO and the group that received the combination of oils according to the invention. The samples were taken from fasting volunteers between 08.00 and 10.00 just before the start of the study and at the end after 12 weeks of supplemental intake of 15 grams of oil (or
ingenting = kontroll). Fettsyresammensetningen før og etter ble bestemt i serumprøver. nothing = control). The fatty acid composition before and after was determined in serum samples.
Konklusjonen på studien ovenfor er at kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen har potensiale til å øke det fordelaktige HDL-kolesterolet, redusere signifikant den viktige markøren og risikofaktoren for hjerte-karsykdom (hs-CRP) og videre redusere MCP-1 mer effektivt enn CLO. I tillegg er den fordelaktige effekten med å redusere proin-flamasjonsproduktene TxA2 and LTB4 på samme nivå som for CLO. Samlet sett har kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen som diettsupplement betydelig flere anti-inflammasjonseffekter enn CLO, og er overlegen olivenolje som også er blitt brukt alene som kontroll i flere studier av omega-3 fettsyrer og fiskeoljer. Effekten av kombinasjonen av oljer ifølge oppfinnelsen oppstår trolig gjennom en synergistisk kombinasjon av omega-3 fettsyrer fra den maritime oljen og sterke antioksidanter tilstede i den jomfruelige olivenoljen. The conclusion of the above study is that the combination of oils according to the invention has the potential to increase the beneficial HDL cholesterol, significantly reduce the important marker and risk factor for cardiovascular disease (hs-CRP) and further reduce MCP-1 more effectively than CLO. In addition, the beneficial effect of reducing the pro-inflammatory products TxA2 and LTB4 is at the same level as for CLO. Overall, the combination of oils according to the invention as a dietary supplement has significantly more anti-inflammatory effects than CLO, and is superior to olive oil, which has also been used alone as a control in several studies of omega-3 fatty acids and fish oils. The effect of the combination of oils according to the invention probably occurs through a synergistic combination of omega-3 fatty acids from the maritime oil and strong antioxidants present in the virgin olive oil.
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ID=34825277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20041197A NO320284B1 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2004-03-22 | Combination of oils and their use. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO320284B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO344004B1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-08-12 | Olivita As | Combination of oils |
-
2004
- 2004-03-22 NO NO20041197A patent/NO320284B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20041197L (en) | 2005-09-23 |
| NO20041197D0 (en) | 2004-03-22 |
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