NO319527B1 - Method for obtaining a unique identification at a mobile station - Google Patents
Method for obtaining a unique identification at a mobile station Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO319527B1 NO319527B1 NO19970181A NO970181A NO319527B1 NO 319527 B1 NO319527 B1 NO 319527B1 NO 19970181 A NO19970181 A NO 19970181A NO 970181 A NO970181 A NO 970181A NO 319527 B1 NO319527 B1 NO 319527B1
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- identification
- international
- mobile station
- sgsn
- old
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/60—Context-dependent security
- H04W12/69—Identity-dependent
- H04W12/75—Temporary identity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Oppfinnelsens område Field of the invention
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte for å skaffe en unik identifikasjon av en mobilstasjon, spesielt under en innledende prosedyre for å innlede og reetablere en link mellom en mobilstasjon og den tilhø-rende tjenesteytende GPRS ("General Packet Radio Service") støttenode (SGSN). The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a unique identification of a mobile station, in particular during an initial procedure to initiate and re-establish a link between a mobile station and the corresponding service-providing GPRS ("General Packet Radio Service") support node (SGSN) .
Oppfinnelsens bakgrunn The background of the invention
GPRS ("General Packet Radio Service") som i dag blir spe-sifisert av ETSI som en tjeneste for GSM fase 2 + , skaffer pakkede svitsjede forbindelser i hele det offentlig landbaserte mobilnett PLMN ("Public Land Mobile Network"). Pakkesvitsjingen blir utført mellom nodene i nettet og på radiogrensesnittet. Pakket trafikk vil kunne opptre mellom eksterne datanett og mobile stasjoner og mellom mobilstasjoner. I likhet med andre mobile systemer har mo-bilstasjonene adgang til systemet med et minimum av hen-syntagen til hvordan nettene er bygget og hvilke operatø-rer som eier nettene. De kan være forbundet med en opera-tør hvor som helst i hjemlandet, eller et eller annet sted i utlandet, og svitsjer land eller operatør i henhold til deres egne behov og beslutninger. GPRS ("General Packet Radio Service"), which is currently specified by ETSI as a service for GSM phase 2 +, provides packet switched connections throughout the public land-based mobile network PLMN ("Public Land Mobile Network"). The packet switching is carried out between the nodes in the network and on the radio interface. Packed traffic will be able to occur between external data networks and mobile stations and between mobile stations. Like other mobile systems, the mobile stations have access to the system with a minimum of regard to how the networks are built and which operators own the networks. They can be connected to an operator anywhere in their home country, or somewhere abroad, and switch countries or operators according to their own needs and decisions.
For å skaffe en effektiv overføring av pakker mellom sluttbrukerne (nyttelast) og også for styresignalering To provide an efficient transfer of packets between the end users (payload) and also for control signalling
mellom nettelementene i nevnte PLMN og mobilstasjonen, så blir det benyttet lagrelaterte protokoller. Hvert lag eller styrefunksjon har sine tildelte funksjoner. Identifikasjon av en spesiell abonnent, enten for overføring av between the network elements in said PLMN and the mobile station, then layer-related protocols are used. Each layer or management function has its assigned functions. Identification of a particular subscriber, either for transfer of
nyttelast eller for styresignalering, blir normalt uført ved hjelp av et identifikasjonselement, hvilket f.eks. payload or for control signalling, is normally carried out by means of an identification element, which e.g.
utgjør en del av ledefeltet i hver pakke eller den første pakke i tilfelle av segmenterte pakker. forms part of the leading field in each packet or the first packet in the case of segmented packets.
Arkitekturen for GPRS er vist på figur 1. The architecture for GPRS is shown in Figure 1.
Protokollstabelen for GPRS er anskueliggjort på figur 2. The protocol stack for GPRS is illustrated in figure 2.
Kient teknikk Kient technique
Spesifikasjonen for GPRS (vedheftet ETSI spesifikasjon 03.60 rev 0.20.0) indikerer at når en mobilstasjon stil-ler seg tilgjengelig for nevnte PLMN som et resultat av en automatisk eller en manuell prosedyre (en tilkoblingsprosedyre), vil den gamle temporære logiske link identifiserer TLLI ("Temporary Logical Link Identifier") bli benyttet som identifiserer på radiogrensesnittet for innledende signalleringsproserdyrer og i nevnte SGSN for å identifisere mobilstasjonen og forbinde denne til den internasjonale mobilstatsjons identitet IMSI ("International Mobile Station Identity"), den unike identitet for abonnentene innenfor GSM. Når den unike identitet er fun-net, vil informasjon som er relatert til abonnementet, kunne finnes og det kan verifiseres at den aktuelle mobilstasjon ikke utgjør en svindel. I tilfelle denne til-kobl ingsprosedyre blir utført i dekningsområdet for en SGSN som er forskjellig fra den hvor mobilstasjonen ut-førte den siste frakoblingsprosedyren, så vil den gamle TLLI og det gamle ruteområde RA ("Routing Area") bli benyttet for å identifisere den førstnevnte SGSN for å kunne innhente nevnte IMSI. The specification for GPRS (attached ETSI specification 03.60 rev 0.20.0) indicates that when a mobile station becomes available to said PLMN as a result of an automatic or a manual procedure (a connection procedure), the old temporary logical link identifies the TLLI ( "Temporary Logical Link Identifier") be used as an identifier on the radio interface for initial signaling procedures and in said SGSN to identify the mobile station and connect this to the international mobile station identity IMSI ("International Mobile Station Identity"), the unique identity for subscribers within GSM. When the unique identity is fun-net, information related to the subscription can be found and it can be verified that the mobile station in question does not constitute a fraud. In the event that this connection procedure is performed in the coverage area of an SGSN that is different from the one where the mobile station performed the last disconnection procedure, then the old TLLI and the old routing area RA ("Routing Area") will be used to identify it the former SGSN to be able to obtain said IMSI.
Videre er det i nevnte spesifikasjoner indikert at dersom systemet avdekker bedre betingelser ved celler som tilhø-rer en forskjellig SGSN enn den hvor en logisk link eks-isterer (en mellomliggende SGSN rutingsoppdateringsprose-dyre), så vil den gamle TLLI og det gamle RA kunne benyttes som identifikatorer på radiogrensesnittet for innledende signallering og for å identifisere den førstnevnte SGSN for å finne abonnentens identitet (IMSI). Furthermore, it is indicated in the aforementioned specifications that if the system detects better conditions at cells belonging to a different SGSN than the one where a logical link exists (an intermediate SGSN routing update procedure), then the old TLLI and the old RA will be able used as identifiers on the radio interface for initial signaling and to identify the first SGSN to find the subscriber identity (IMSI).
Når en mobilstasjon blir identifisert, autentisering blir utført og relevant abonnentdata blir signalert til nevnte SGSN, så vil en ny TLLI bli tildelt mobilstasjonen. Denne TLLI blir deretter benyttet for ytterligere signallering i dekningsområdet for nevnte SGSN. Dersom en tilslutningsprosedyre blir innledet i det samme SGSN tjenesteområde som den der mobilstasjonen utførte frakobling, vil det ikke være nødvendig med en endring av TLLI dersom den gamle TLLI er tilstrekkelig til å identifisere mobilstasjonen. When a mobile station is identified, authentication is performed and relevant subscriber data is signaled to said SGSN, a new TLLI will be assigned to the mobile station. This TLLI is then used for further signaling in the coverage area of said SGSN. If a connection procedure is initiated in the same SGSN service area as the one where the mobile station performed disconnection, it will not be necessary to change the TLLI if the old TLLI is sufficient to identify the mobile station.
Nevnte RA er en logisk del av dekningsområdet for en SGSN. I henhold til nevnte spesifikasjoner kan TLLI aldri identifiseres utvetydig i et større tjenesteområde enn en Said RA is a logical part of the coverage area of an SGSN. According to the aforementioned specifications, the TLLI can never be unambiguously identified in a larger service area than one
SGSN. SGSN.
Å bruke nevnte IMSI som en identifikator ved denne innledende prosedyre utgjør bare en anbefalt løsning dersom andre identiteter ikke kan benyttes. Dette skyldes at man vil sikre en størst mulig brukerkonfidensialitet. Using said IMSI as an identifier in this initial procedure is only a recommended solution if other identities cannot be used. This is because we want to ensure the greatest possible user confidentiality.
Problemer knyttet til kient teknikk Problems related to kient technique
Fordi mobilstasjoner kan registrere seg til systemet ved uforutsigbare steder, bevege seg omkring i et land eller krysse landets grenser eller endre operatør etter ønske, vil unik identifikasjon av en abonnent i GSM systemet væ-re nødvendig for å kunne tilveiebringe internasjonal streifing ("Roaming"). Dette er ikke mulig ved bruk av gammel TLLI eller gammel TLLI i kombinasjon med gammel RA. Denne kombinasjon vil kun være i stand til utvetydig å identifisere abonnenter innenfor dekningsområdet for det hjemmerelaterte PLMN. Because mobile stations can register to the system at unpredictable locations, move around a country or cross country borders or change operators at will, unique identification of a subscriber in the GSM system will be necessary to be able to provide international roaming ("Roaming" ). This is not possible when using old TLLI or old TLLI in combination with old RA. This combination will only be able to unambiguously identify subscribers within the coverage area of the home-related PLMN.
Hensikter med oppfinnelsen Purposes of the invention
Hovedhensikten med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er å skaffe en unik temporær identifikasjon for mobilstasjoner i GPRS. The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a unique temporary identification for mobile stations in GPRS.
En annen hensikt med oppfinnelsen er å skaffe en unik identifikasjon av en mobilstasjon under de innledende prosedyrer for å innlede (tilkoblingsprosedyre) eller for å reetablere en link (inter-rutingsområde-oppdateringsprosedyre) mellom en mobilstasjon og den tilhørende SGSN. Another purpose of the invention is to provide a unique identification of a mobile station during the initial procedures to initiate (connection procedure) or to re-establish a link (inter-routing area update procedure) between a mobile station and the associated SGSN.
Sammenfatnin<g> av oppfinnelsen Summary<g> of the invention
Disse nevnte hensikter oppnår man ved en fremgangsmåte som angitt i den innledende del, som i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse er karakterisert ved å forme en ny identitet omfattende den gamle temporære logiske linkidentifiserer ("Temporary Logical Link Identifier" TLLI), det gamle ruteområdet ("Routing Area" RA), en identifikasjon av det offentlige landbaserte mobilnett ("Public Land Mobile Network" PLMN) som er eieren av nevnte gamle TLLI, og det land der nevnte PLMN hører til, idet den nye identitet blir brukt som identifikasjon på radiogrensesnittet. These aforementioned purposes are achieved by a method as stated in the introductory part, which according to the present invention is characterized by forming a new identity comprising the old temporary logical link identifier ("Temporary Logical Link Identifier" TLLI), the old route area ( "Routing Area" RA), an identification of the public land-based mobile network ("Public Land Mobile Network" PLMN) which is the owner of said old TLLI, and the country to which said PLMN belongs, the new identity being used as identification on the radio interface .
Mer spesifikt kan denne unike nye identitet benyttes som en internasjonal link-oppsettings-identitet ("International Link Set-up Identity" ILSI). More specifically, this unique new identity can be used as an international link set-up identity ("International Link Set-up Identity" ILSI).
Ytterligere trekk og fordeler som vedrører den foreliggende oppfinnelse, vil fremgå av den følgende beskrivelse tatt i forbindelse med de vedføyde tegninger, samt fra de vedlagte patentkrav. Further features and advantages relating to the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the attached drawings, as well as from the attached patent claims.
Kort omtale av tegningsfigurene Brief description of the drawing figures
Fig. 1 er et skjematisk diagram som illustrerer den gene-relle arkitektur for GPRS, og mer spesielt det relaterte signalleringsgrensesnitt og signallerings- og dataoverfø-ringsgrensesnittet. Fig. 2 er et skisse som illustrerer protokollstabelen for GRPS som vist på figur 1. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the general architecture of GPRS, and more specifically the related signaling interface and the signaling and data transfer interface. Fig. 2 is a sketch illustrating the protocol stack for GRPS as shown in Fig. 1.
Detaljert beskrivelse av utførelsesformer Detailed description of embodiments
Som tidligere angitt under overskriftene "Kjent teknikk" og "Problemer knyttet til kjent teknikk", vil den foreliggende oppfinnelse i relasjon til et slikt system som vist i forbindelse med figurene 1 og 2, skaffe en fremgangsmåte der internasjonal streifing kan utføres samtidig som man fortsatt beholder en unik temporær internasjonal identifikasjon av en aktuell mobilstasjon. As previously indicated under the headings "Known art" and "Problems connected with known art", the present invention, in relation to such a system as shown in connection with figures 1 and 2, will provide a method in which international roaming can be carried out while still retains a unique temporary international identification of a current mobile station.
Som et resultat av denne unike temporære internasjonale identifikasjon vil det være mulig å redusere de trafikk-tilfeller der den internasjonale identitet for mobilstasjonen (IMSI) blir signalert på radiogrensesnittet. As a result of this unique temporary international identification, it will be possible to reduce the traffic cases where the international mobile station identity (IMSI) is signaled on the radio interface.
Med andre ord, for å få en unik temporær identifikasjon av en mobilstasjon under de innledende prosedyrer for å innlede (tilslutningsprosedyre) eller for å reetablere en link (inter-rutningsområde-oppdateringsprosedyre) mellom mobilstasjonen og nevnte SGSN, vil følgende løsning bli benyttet. In other words, to obtain a unique temporary identification of a mobile station during the initial procedures to initiate (connection procedure) or to re-establish a link (inter-routing area update procedure) between the mobile station and said SGSN, the following solution will be used.
En identifikasjon av nevnte PLMN som er eieren av den gamle TLLI, og det land som nevnte PLMN tilhører, må benyttes som en identifikasjon på radiogrensesnittet sammen med det gamle RA og den gamle TLLI. Dette danner en ny identitet som kan betegnes internasjonal link-oppsettings-identitet ILSI ("International Link Set-up Identity"). Ved at man bruker denne informasjon i den tilslut-tede sekvens og i inter-rutingsområde-oppdaterings-sekvensen, vil det bli sikret en unik temporær internasjonal identifikasjon for en mobilstasjon. Nevnte ILSI kan benyttes som en identifikasjon på radiogrensesnittet og for adressering av den nye SGSN for å kunne adressere den gamle SGSN og derved få nevnte IMSI tilgjengelig i den nye SGSN. An identification of said PLMN which is the owner of the old TLLI, and the country to which said PLMN belongs, must be used as an identification on the radio interface together with the old RA and the old TLLI. This forms a new identity which can be termed the international link set-up identity ILSI ("International Link Set-up Identity"). By using this information in the connected sequence and in the inter-routing area update sequence, a unique temporary international identification will be ensured for a mobile station. Said ILSI can be used as an identification on the radio interface and for addressing the new SGSN in order to be able to address the old SGSN and thereby make said IMSI available in the new SGSN.
Denne mekanisme kan man forvente vil føre til at hver PLMN vil få sin egen håndtering av de aktuelle TLLI ver-dier. Som et tillegg til nevnte ILSI eller som et alternativ til å håndtere internasjonale TLLIer, vil man kunne introdusere en server for å lette denne håndtering. Denne TLLI- eller ILSI-distributør, betegnet internasjonal temporær identifikasjonsserver ITIS ("International Temporary Identification Server") kan bentyttes for sentralise-ring av håndteringen og tildelingen av den logisk link-identifikasj on. This mechanism can be expected to lead to each PLMN having its own handling of the relevant TLLI values. As an addition to the aforementioned ILSI or as an alternative to handling international TLLIs, it will be possible to introduce a server to facilitate this handling. This TLLI or ILSI distributor, designated international temporary identification server ITIS ("International Temporary Identification Server") can be used for centralizing the handling and assignment of the logical link identification.
Følgelig gjør den foreliggende oppfinnelse det mulig å ha en unik temporær internasjonal identifikasjon for en mobilstasjon. Dessuten vil oppfinnelsen redusere trafikk-tilfeller der nevnte IMSI blir signalert på radiogrensesnittet . Accordingly, the present invention makes it possible to have a unique temporary international identification for a mobile station. In addition, the invention will reduce traffic cases where said IMSI is signaled on the radio interface.
Kort sagt vil den foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffe en unik temporær internasjonal identifikasjon for GPRS, nemlig en ILSI, som på sin side skaffer innledende identifikasjon på radiogrensesnittet. In short, the present invention will provide a unique temporary international identification for GPRS, namely an ILSI, which in turn provides initial identification on the radio interface.
Denne unike temporære internasjonale identifikasjon kan være tilgjengelig for de lavere lag i nevnte SGSN. This unique temporary international identification may be available to the lower layers of said SGSN.
Videre kan den unike temporære internasjonale identifikasjon benyttes til at man kan gjøre nevnte IMSI for mobilstasjonen kjent for den nye SGSN uten å signalere nevnte IMSI via radiogrensesnittet. Furthermore, the unique temporary international identification can be used to make said IMSI for the mobile station known to the new SGSN without signaling said IMSI via the radio interface.
Sluttelig vil en ny server (ITIS) kunne benyttes for å sikre utvetydig tildeling av ILSI og TLLI innenfor nevnte GSM GPRS nett. Finally, a new server (ITIS) can be used to ensure unambiguous allocation of ILSI and TLLI within the aforementioned GSM GPRS network.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (15)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO19970181A NO319527B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | Method for obtaining a unique identification at a mobile station |
TW086119207A TW384588B (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1997-12-18 | Method for providing a unique temporary identification of a mobile station |
MYPI97006142A MY119563A (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1997-12-18 | Method for providing a unique temporary identification of a mobile station |
IDP973951A ID19523A (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1997-12-22 | METHODS TO COMPLETE A TEMPORARY IDENTIFICATION OF UNIQUE ACTIVE STATIONS |
EP98100009A EP0859531B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-02 | Method for providing a unique temporary indentification of a mobile station |
AT98100009T ATE217469T1 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-02 | METHOD FOR PROVIDING A UNIQUE TEMPORARY IDENTIFICATION NUMBER FOR A MOBILE STATION |
ES98100009T ES2175529T3 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-02 | METHOD FOR PROVIDING A DIFFERENTIATED INTERNATIONAL TEMPORARY IDENTIFICATION IN A MOBILE STATION. |
DE69805229T DE69805229T2 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-02 | Method for providing a unique temporary identification number for a mobile station |
ZA9874A ZA9874B (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-06 | Method for providing a unique temporary identification of a mobile station |
AU62258/98A AU723470B2 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-12 | Method for providing a unique temporary identification of a mobile station |
CA002277270A CA2277270C (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-12 | Method for providing a unique temporary identification of a mobile station |
CN98801831A CN1104830C (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-12 | Method for providing unique temporary indentification of mobile station |
BRPI9806901-2A BR9806901B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-12 | process for providing a unique temporary international identification of a mobile station. |
PCT/IB1998/000290 WO1998032305A2 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-12 | Method for providing a unique temporary identification of a mobile station |
US09/007,065 US6208628B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1998-01-14 | Method for providing a unique temporary identification of a mobile station |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO19970181A NO319527B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | Method for obtaining a unique identification at a mobile station |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO970181D0 NO970181D0 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
NO970181L NO970181L (en) | 1998-07-16 |
NO319527B1 true NO319527B1 (en) | 2005-08-22 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO19970181A NO319527B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | Method for obtaining a unique identification at a mobile station |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6208628B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0859531B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1104830C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE217469T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU723470B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9806901B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2277270C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69805229T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2175529T3 (en) |
ID (1) | ID19523A (en) |
MY (1) | MY119563A (en) |
NO (1) | NO319527B1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW384588B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998032305A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA9874B (en) |
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WO1996020574A1 (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1996-07-04 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | A method of routing an international call to a foreign mobile subscriber |
FI98586C (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1997-07-10 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Packet radio system and methods for protocol-independent routing of a data packet in packet radio networks |
US5873034A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1999-02-16 | Ericsson Inc. | Default long distance carrier selection within a visited public land mobile network |
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1997
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- 1997-12-18 MY MYPI97006142A patent/MY119563A/en unknown
- 1997-12-18 TW TW086119207A patent/TW384588B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-22 ID IDP973951A patent/ID19523A/en unknown
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1998
- 1998-01-02 DE DE69805229T patent/DE69805229T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-02 AT AT98100009T patent/ATE217469T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-02 EP EP98100009A patent/EP0859531B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-02 ES ES98100009T patent/ES2175529T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1998-01-12 AU AU62258/98A patent/AU723470B2/en not_active Expired
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- 1998-01-12 CN CN98801831A patent/CN1104830C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-12 BR BRPI9806901-2A patent/BR9806901B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-12 WO PCT/IB1998/000290 patent/WO1998032305A2/en active IP Right Grant
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ATE217469T1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
CN1243650A (en) | 2000-02-02 |
AU6225898A (en) | 1998-08-07 |
DE69805229D1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
EP0859531A3 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
US6208628B1 (en) | 2001-03-27 |
BR9806901A (en) | 2000-05-16 |
AU723470B2 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
ES2175529T3 (en) | 2002-11-16 |
CA2277270A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
ZA9874B (en) | 1998-07-08 |
CA2277270C (en) | 2006-12-19 |
ID19523A (en) | 1998-07-16 |
MY119563A (en) | 2005-06-30 |
WO1998032305A3 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
CN1104830C (en) | 2003-04-02 |
WO1998032305A2 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
DE69805229T2 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
TW384588B (en) | 2000-03-11 |
NO970181L (en) | 1998-07-16 |
EP0859531B1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
BR9806901B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
EP0859531A2 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
NO970181D0 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
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