NO312770B1 - Procedure for controlling temperature of components in high temperature reactors - Google Patents
Procedure for controlling temperature of components in high temperature reactors Download PDFInfo
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- NO312770B1 NO312770B1 NO20005707A NO20005707A NO312770B1 NO 312770 B1 NO312770 B1 NO 312770B1 NO 20005707 A NO20005707 A NO 20005707A NO 20005707 A NO20005707 A NO 20005707A NO 312770 B1 NO312770 B1 NO 312770B1
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- temperature
- components
- parts
- reactors
- evaporatively cooled
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4646—Cooling arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0005—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0045—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a block, e.g. metallic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Control Of Temperature (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Teknisk område Technical area
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte for å kontrollere temperaturen på komponenter i metallurgiske høytemperaturreaktorer. The present invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of components in metallurgical high-temperature reactors.
Teknikkens stilling The position of the technique
I neste alle metallurgiske reaktorer som benyttes for å utføre høytemperatur, pyrometallurgiske reaksjoner, er det komponenter eller deler som må kjøles. Eksempler på slike komponenter og deler er: Ovnsforinger, tappehullstrukturer, ovnsdeksler, elektrodeutstyr, osv. In almost all metallurgical reactors used to carry out high-temperature, pyrometallurgical reactions, there are components or parts that must be cooled. Examples of such components and parts are: Furnace liners, tapping hole structures, furnace covers, electrode equipment, etc.
Kjøling av slike komponenter har vanligvis blitt utført ved vannkjøling, ved å sirkulere kjølevann gjennom indre kanaler i komponentene. Cooling of such components has usually been carried out by water cooling, by circulating cooling water through internal channels in the components.
En vesentlig ulempe ved de kjente metoder for å kjøle komponenter i reaktorer som drives ved meget høye temperaturer, er at på grunn av kjølemediets natur, blir alt for mye varme fjernet ved kjølingen. Ved bruk av vann som kjølemiddel må således vanntemperaturen holdes under ca. 85°C for å unngå dannelse av vanndamp som kan blokkere strømningen av vann i de interne kanalene i komponentene. A significant disadvantage of the known methods for cooling components in reactors which are operated at very high temperatures is that, due to the nature of the coolant, far too much heat is removed during the cooling. When using water as a coolant, the water temperature must therefore be kept below approx. 85°C to avoid the formation of water vapor which can block the flow of water in the internal channels of the components.
Vannkjøling av komponenter og deler i høytemperaturreaktorer gir således ofte en for stor fjerning av varme. I tillegg til store varmetap fra reaktoren kan dette også forårsake problemer ved at temperaturen på enkelte vannkjølte komponenter blir for lav, hvilken resulterer i en meget stor temperaturdifferanse mellom komponentene eller delene og det materialet som prosesseres i reaktoren. Således kan en for sterk kjøling av for eksempel en struktur nær et tappehull i en reaktor for smelting av malmer, forårsaker avsetning på strukturen som kan føre til tappeproblemer. Water cooling of components and parts in high-temperature reactors thus often results in an excessive removal of heat. In addition to large heat losses from the reactor, this can also cause problems in that the temperature of certain water-cooled components becomes too low, which results in a very large temperature difference between the components or parts and the material processed in the reactor. Thus, too strong cooling of, for example, a structure near a drain hole in a reactor for smelting ores, can cause deposits on the structure that can lead to drainage problems.
I den senere tid har enkelte komponenter så som ovnsforinger i metallurgiske høytemperaturreaktorer blitt kjølt ved hjelp av såkalt fordampningskjøling. En fordampningskjøler er en lukket beholder som i sin nedre del inneholder et kjølemedium så som vann, olje, alkalimetaller og visse salter. Kjølemediene som benyttes i fordampningskjølere må kunne eksistere i både flytende form og i gassform uten å bli ødelagt. Når en fordampningskjøler er blitt fylt med den nødvendige mengde av kjølemedium blir den evakuert til et lavt trykk og forseglet. In recent times, certain components such as furnace liners in metallurgical high-temperature reactors have been cooled using so-called evaporative cooling. An evaporative cooler is a closed container which in its lower part contains a cooling medium such as water, oil, alkali metals and certain salts. The cooling media used in evaporative coolers must be able to exist in both liquid and gaseous form without being destroyed. When an evaporative cooler has been filled with the required amount of refrigerant it is evacuated to a low pressure and sealed.
Når varme tilføres til den del av fordampningskjøleren som inneholder det flytende kjølemediet vil det ikke finne sted noen varmetransport før kjølemediet er blitt oppvarmet til kokepunktet. Kokepunktet for kjølemediet er en funksjon av det indre trykk i fordampningskjøleren. Kokepunktet for kjølemediet kan derfor kontrolleres ved å kontrollere trykket i fordampningskjøleren. Når det flytende kjølemediet begynner å koke overføres varme til damp som vil stige oppover til toppen av fordampningskjøleren hvor dampen blir kondensert i en kondensator inneholdende et andre kjølemedium. Kondensasjonsvarmen blir overført til det andre kjølemediet og den kondenserte dampen vil strømme nedover i væsken i fordampningskjøleren. Fordampningskjøling av ovnsforinger er beskrevet i US patent Nr. 4,674,728. When heat is supplied to the part of the evaporative cooler that contains the liquid refrigerant, no heat transport will take place until the refrigerant has been heated to the boiling point. The boiling point of the refrigerant is a function of the internal pressure in the evaporative cooler. The boiling point of the refrigerant can therefore be controlled by controlling the pressure in the evaporative cooler. When the liquid refrigerant begins to boil, heat is transferred to steam which will rise to the top of the evaporative cooler where the steam is condensed in a condenser containing a second refrigerant. The heat of condensation is transferred to the second refrigerant and the condensed vapor will flow down into the liquid in the evaporative cooler. Evaporative cooling of furnace linings is described in US patent No. 4,674,728.
Beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen Description of the invention
Det er et formål med den foreliggende oppfinnelse å fremskaffe en fremgangsmåte for å kontrollere temperaturen av komponenter eller deler i metallurgiske høytemperaturreaktorer ved bruk av fordampningskjøling, hvorved driftstemperaturen av de fordampningskjølte komponentene og delene kan låses til en forhåndsvalgt verdi eller ved en temperatur innenfor et forhåndsvalgt temperaturintervall på en slik måte at bare overflødig varme over den forhåndsvalgte temperaturen fjernes. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling the temperature of components or parts in metallurgical high temperature reactors using evaporative cooling, whereby the operating temperature of the evaporatively cooled components and parts can be locked at a preselected value or at a temperature within a preselected temperature range in such a way that only excess heat above the preselected temperature is removed.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører således en fremgangsmåte for å kontrollere temperaturen på komponenter eller deler i metallurgiske høytemperaturreaktorer, hvilke komponenter eller deler er utstyrt med minst en fordampningskjølt enhet, som inneholder et kjølemedium som er flytende ved den temperatur som komponentene eller delene skal drives i og hvilket kjølemedium har et kokepunkt innenfor et forhåndsvalgt temperaturintervall som komponentene eller delene skal drives i, hvilken fremgangsmåte er kjennetegnet ved at mengden og/eller temperaturen av et andre kjølemedium som benyttes for å kondensere damp fra kjølemediet i den fordampningskjølte enheten reguleres og kontrolleres for å holde trykket i den fordampningskjølte enheten og derved temperaturen i det flytende kjølemediet i den fordampningskjølte enheten, innenfor et forhåndsvalgt område. The present invention thus relates to a method for controlling the temperature of components or parts in metallurgical high-temperature reactors, which components or parts are equipped with at least one evaporatively cooled unit, which contains a cooling medium which is liquid at the temperature at which the components or parts are to be operated and which refrigerant has a boiling point within a preselected temperature range in which the components or parts are to be operated, which method is characterized by the amount and/or temperature of a second refrigerant used to condense vapor from the refrigerant in the evaporatively cooled unit being regulated and controlled to maintain pressure in the evaporatively cooled unit and thereby the temperature of the liquid refrigerant in the evaporatively cooled unit, within a preselected range.
Fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan eksempelvis benyttes i sideveggsforinger i elektrotermiske smelteovner, i sidevegger for elektrolyseceller for fremstilling av aluminium, for å kontrollere temperaturen av elektrodekomponenter så som kontaktbakker for strømtilførsel og for andre komponenter som er eksponert for høye temperaturer. For sideveggsforinger i elektrotermiske smelteovner benyttes det en rekke fordampningskjølte paneler hvor den ene side av panelene vender mot ovnens indre. Ved å benytte et kjølemedium i de fordampningskjølte panelene som har et passende smelte- og kokepunkt og ved å regulere mengden og/eller temperaturen av det andre kjølemediet, kan temperaturen på den side av panelene som vender mot ovnens indre låses innenfor et forhåndsbestemt temperaturintervall. På denne måten er det mulig å opprettholde en temperatur på sideveggspanelene som er lik er litt lavere enn temperaturen i smelteovnen, hvorved bare overskuddsvarme over denne temperaturen fjernes. Dette gjør det også mulig å oppnå og opprettholde et tynt og kontrollerbart lag av fast materiale på den siden av panelene som vender mot ovnens indre, hvilket lag vil beskytte sideveggspanelene mot angrep fra smeiten i ovnen. The method according to the invention can for example be used in side wall linings in electrothermal melting furnaces, in side walls for electrolytic cells for the production of aluminium, to control the temperature of electrode components such as contact trays for power supply and for other components that are exposed to high temperatures. For side wall linings in electrothermal melting furnaces, a number of evaporatively cooled panels are used where one side of the panels faces the interior of the furnace. By using a refrigerant in the evaporatively cooled panels that has a suitable melting and boiling point and by regulating the amount and/or temperature of the other refrigerant, the temperature on the side of the panels facing the interior of the oven can be locked within a predetermined temperature range. In this way, it is possible to maintain a temperature on the side wall panels that is slightly lower than the temperature in the melting furnace, whereby only surplus heat above this temperature is removed. This also makes it possible to achieve and maintain a thin and controllable layer of solid material on the side of the panels facing the interior of the furnace, which layer will protect the sidewall panels from attack by the smelt in the furnace.
Tappehullsstrukturer i reaktorer for smelting av malmer er ofte kjølt for å kunne motstå varmen når metall og slagg tappes. Dersom slike strukturer vannkjøles, vil temperaturen kunne bli så lav at slagg og metall kan størkne på strukturene hvilket medfører tappeproblemer, da avsetningene må fjernes for å opprettholde en god tapping. Ved å kjøle tappehullstrukturer ved bruk av fordampningskjøling i henhold til fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan temperaturen for tappehullstrukturene låses ved høye temperaturer hvorved avsetninger fra slagg og metall unngås. Drain hole structures in reactors for smelting ores are often cooled to withstand the heat when metal and slag are drained. If such structures are water-cooled, the temperature could become so low that slag and metal can solidify on the structures, which causes drainage problems, as the deposits must be removed to maintain good drainage. By cooling tapping hole structures using evaporative cooling according to the method according to the invention, the temperature of the tapping hole structures can be locked at high temperatures, whereby deposits from slag and metal are avoided.
Kort beskrivelse av tegning Brief description of drawing
Figur 1 viser et vertikalt snitt gjennom deler av en elektrolytisk celle for fremstilling av aluminium hvor sideveggene er kjølt i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse. Figure 1 shows a vertical section through parts of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum where the side walls are cooled according to the present invention.
Detaljert beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen Detailed description of the invention
Fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen vil nå bli nærmere beskrevet ved hjelp av et eksempel på en komponent for bruk i sideveggen i en elektrolysecelle for fremstilling av aluminium. The method according to the invention will now be described in more detail using an example of a component for use in the side wall of an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminium.
På Figur 1 er det vist en elektrolysecelle 1 for fremstilling av aluminium. Elektrolysecellen omfatter et elektrolysekar 2 med et ytre stålskall 3.1 bunnen av stålskallet 3 er det anordnet karbonblokker 4 som er tilknyttet elektriske terminaler (ikke vist) hvorved karbonblokkene utgjør katoden i elektrolysecellen. En anode 5 er anordnet over og i en avstand fra karbonblokkene 4. Anoden 5 er fortrinnsvis forbakte karbonanoder eller en selvbakende karbonanode, også kalt Søderberg anode. Anoden 5 er opphengt fra oversiden på konvensjonell måte (ikke vist) og tilkoblet til elektriske terminaler. Figure 1 shows an electrolysis cell 1 for the production of aluminium. The electrolysis cell comprises an electrolysis vessel 2 with an outer steel shell 3.1 the bottom of the steel shell 3 is arranged with carbon blocks 4 which are connected to electrical terminals (not shown) whereby the carbon blocks form the cathode in the electrolysis cell. An anode 5 is arranged above and at a distance from the carbon blocks 4. The anode 5 is preferably pre-baked carbon anodes or a self-baking carbon anode, also called a Søderberg anode. The anode 5 is suspended from the upper side in a conventional manner (not shown) and connected to electrical terminals.
Inne i stålskallet 3 på sideveggene av elektrolysekaret, er det anordnet et lag av varmeisolerende ildfast materiale 6 og på innsiden av laget av varmeisolerende ildfast materiale 6 er det anordnet et fordampningskjølt panel 7 som vender mot innsiden av elektrolysecellen. Det fordampningskjølte panelet 7 er fortrinnsvis fremstilt av ikke-magnetisk stål. Det fordampningskjølte panelet 7 består av en nedre del 8 som er innrettet til å inneholde et første kjølemedium i flytende form, hvilket første kjølemedium har et smeltepunkt som er lavere enn en forhåndsvalgt driftstemperatur for elektrolysecellen og et kokepunkt i det forhåndsvalgte området. Et foretrukket første kjølemedium er natrium, men andre kjølemedier som tilfredsstiller de ovennevnte betingelser kan benyttes. Etter at det første kjølemediet er fylt i det fordampningskjølte panelet, blir panelet evakuert og tettet. Inside the steel shell 3 on the side walls of the electrolysis vessel, a layer of heat-insulating refractory material 6 is arranged and on the inside of the layer of heat-insulating refractory material 6 there is an evaporation-cooled panel 7 which faces the inside of the electrolysis cell. The evaporatively cooled panel 7 is preferably made of non-magnetic steel. The evaporatively cooled panel 7 consists of a lower part 8 which is arranged to contain a first cooling medium in liquid form, which first cooling medium has a melting point that is lower than a preselected operating temperature for the electrolysis cell and a boiling point in the preselected range. A preferred first coolant is sodium, but other coolants which satisfy the above conditions can be used. After the first refrigerant is filled in the evaporatively cooled panel, the panel is evacuated and sealed.
Det fordampningskjølte panel 7 har en øvre del 9 for kondensering av kjølemedium som er fordampet fra den nedre del 8 av det fordampningskjølte panel 7. Kondenseringen av fordampet kjølemedium i den øvre del 9 av det fordampningskjølte panel 7 finner sted ved sirkulasjon av et andre kjølemedium som har en lavere temperatur enn det første kjølemediet inneholdt det fordampningskjølte panel 7, gjennom et rør 10, som passerer gjennom det indre av den øvre del 9 av det fordampningskjølte panel 7. The evaporatively cooled panel 7 has an upper part 9 for the condensation of cooling medium that has evaporated from the lower part 8 of the evaporatively cooled panel 7. The condensation of evaporated cooling medium in the upper part 9 of the evaporatively cooled panel 7 takes place by circulation of a second cooling medium which has a lower temperature than the first coolant contained in the evaporatively cooled panel 7, through a pipe 10, which passes through the interior of the upper part 9 of the evaporatively cooled panel 7.
Når elektrolysecellen er i drift inneholder cellen et nedre lag 11 av smeltet aluminium og et øvre lag 12 av kryolittbasert elektrolysebad. When the electrolysis cell is in operation, the cell contains a lower layer 11 of molten aluminum and an upper layer 12 of cryolite-based electrolysis bath.
Aluminumoksid tilsettes på konvensjonell måte til elektrolysebadet 12 og oppløses i badet 12. Aluminum oxide is added in the conventional manner to the electrolytic bath 12 and dissolved in the bath 12.
Det fordampningskjølte panel er innrettet til å operere ved en temperatur i området mellom for eksempel 850 and 950°C ved atmosfæretrykk, hvilket er litt lavere enn temperaturen i elektrolyttbadet som er i området mellom 920 to 950°C. Ved å justere trykket i det fordampningskjølte panel 7 ved å regulere temperaturen og/eller mengden av det andre kjølemediet for å kondensere damp fra det første kjølemediet, kan temperaturen i panelene 7 låses ved en litt lavere temperatur enn temperaturen i elektrolyttbadet. Bare varme over den forhåndsbestemte temperaturen blir således fjernet av det andre kjølemedium. Resultatet blir at det dannes et tynt, stabilt lag 13 av frosset bad på innsiden av de fordampningskjølte panelene, hvilket lag 13 beskytter panelene mot angrep fra elektrolyttbadet. The evaporation-cooled panel is designed to operate at a temperature in the range between, for example, 850 and 950°C at atmospheric pressure, which is slightly lower than the temperature in the electrolyte bath, which is in the range between 920 and 950°C. By adjusting the pressure in the evaporatively cooled panel 7 by regulating the temperature and/or the amount of the second refrigerant to condense vapor from the first refrigerant, the temperature in the panels 7 can be locked at a slightly lower temperature than the temperature in the electrolyte bath. Only heat above the predetermined temperature is thus removed by the second cooling medium. The result is that a thin, stable layer 13 of frozen bath is formed on the inside of the evaporatively cooled panels, which layer 13 protects the panels against attack from the electrolyte bath.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20005707A NO312770B1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2000-11-13 | Procedure for controlling temperature of components in high temperature reactors |
| PCT/NO2001/000370 WO2002039043A1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2001-09-10 | Method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature reactors |
| AU2001292448A AU2001292448A1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2001-09-10 | Method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature reactors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20005707A NO312770B1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2000-11-13 | Procedure for controlling temperature of components in high temperature reactors |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20005707D0 NO20005707D0 (en) | 2000-11-13 |
| NO20005707L NO20005707L (en) | 2002-05-14 |
| NO312770B1 true NO312770B1 (en) | 2002-07-01 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20005707A NO312770B1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2000-11-13 | Procedure for controlling temperature of components in high temperature reactors |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2001292448A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO312770B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002039043A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009031355A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | A method of cooling a cooling element of an electric arc furnace, electric arc furnace for melting metallic material, and control and / or regulating device for an electric arc furnace |
| CN107620093A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-23 | 张安全 | A kind of aluminium cell on-Line Monitor Device |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5118882B1 (en) * | 1971-02-02 | 1976-06-14 | ||
| DE2740964A1 (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1979-03-22 | Mohammad Reza Dr I Hassanzadeh | Steelworks converters, esp. using oxygen - where water cooled casing produces solid layer of crude iron which protects refractory lining |
| LU79798A1 (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1978-11-28 | Sidmar | COOLING BOX FOR TANK OVENS |
| GB2076428B (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1983-11-09 | Carblox Ltd | Aluminium manufacture |
| FR2486346A1 (en) * | 1980-07-01 | 1982-01-08 | Clesid Sa | ELECTRIC ARC OVEN WITH GUIDED DRIVING |
| DE3033710A1 (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-04-01 | Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE HEAT FLOW OF AN ALUMINUM MELT FLOW ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THIS CELL |
| DE3103883C2 (en) * | 1981-02-05 | 1983-01-20 | Krupp Stahl Ag, 4630 Bochum | Process for suppressing overheated areas in wall or ceiling elements of an electric arc furnace through which coolant flows |
| NO155903C (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1987-06-17 | Elkem As | SIDE WALL IN A METALLURGICAL MELTING Oven. |
| NO158511C (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1988-09-21 | Invendt A S H | OVEN L DEVICE, SPECIAL LUMINIUM ELECTROLYSE. |
| SU1488310A1 (en) * | 1987-02-23 | 1989-06-23 | Kommunarsk Gorno Metall Inst | Method of controlling heat situation of blast furnace |
| AU9617198A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-17 | Mcgill University | Inclined heat pipe lance or tuyere with controllable heat extraction |
| RU2128733C1 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-04-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "АВИСМА титано-магниевый комбинат" | Method of thermal control over electrolyzers and device for its implementation |
| NO313462B1 (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2002-10-07 | Elkem Materials | Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum, a series of electrolytic cells in an electrolysis hall, a method for maintaining a crust on a sidewall of an electrolytic cell, and a method for recovering electrical energy from an electr. |
-
2000
- 2000-11-13 NO NO20005707A patent/NO312770B1/en unknown
-
2001
- 2001-09-10 WO PCT/NO2001/000370 patent/WO2002039043A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-09-10 AU AU2001292448A patent/AU2001292448A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001292448A1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
| NO20005707D0 (en) | 2000-11-13 |
| NO20005707L (en) | 2002-05-14 |
| WO2002039043A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
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