NO310573B1 - Coating for rollers and plates as well as the method of applying the coating - Google Patents
Coating for rollers and plates as well as the method of applying the coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO310573B1 NO310573B1 NO20002609A NO20002609A NO310573B1 NO 310573 B1 NO310573 B1 NO 310573B1 NO 20002609 A NO20002609 A NO 20002609A NO 20002609 A NO20002609 A NO 20002609A NO 310573 B1 NO310573 B1 NO 310573B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- base layer
- boron nitride
- coating
- accordance
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- OLFCLHDBKGQITG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-2].[Cr+3] OLFCLHDBKGQITG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/08—Pressure rolls
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
- D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et belegg for valser, særlig for anvendelse innen papirindustri, og slite- og mellomleggsplater, særlig ved tilvirkning av spon- og fiberplater, hvor belegget består av et basissjikt av metall og et toppsjikt, samt en fremgangsmåte for beleggingen. The present invention relates to a coating for rollers, particularly for use in the paper industry, and wear and intermediate plates, particularly in the manufacture of chipboard and fiberboard, where the coating consists of a base layer of metal and a top layer, as well as a method for the coating.
Valser og slite- og mellomleggsplater som anvendes innen papirindustrien og ved tilvirkning av spon- og fiberplater er velkjent. Imidlertid er et problem med disse kjent løsningene at de ikke oppfyller dagens krav til tilstrekkelige overflateegenskaper som er nødvendig for å sikre en jevn og høy produksjon og for å unngå skader på overflaten til papirproduktene som produseres. Rollers and wear and spacer plates used in the paper industry and in the production of chipboard and fiberboard are well known. However, a problem with these known solutions is that they do not meet the current requirements for adequate surface properties which are necessary to ensure a uniform and high production and to avoid damage to the surface of the paper products being produced.
Det er blant annet kjent fra SE 216342 å belegge en overflate med et basissjikt for deretter å belegge med et It is known, among other things, from SE 216342 to coat a surface with a base layer and then coat with a
toppsjikt. Det omtales i dette dokumentet en fremgangsmåte for å belegge en overflate med et sjikt av nikkelkromoksid og deretter et sjikt av polytetrafluoreten eller fluorisert sampolymer av eten eller propen. Fremgangsmåten går ut på å belegge en overflate av et material, hvor smeltepunktet ligger over 390°C. Overflaten rengjøres for olje og løsningsmiddel, oppvarmes til omtrent 122°C og deretter pålegges et sjikt av nikkelkromoksid. Overflaten oppvarmes deretter til omtrent 177°C, hvorpå et tynt sjikt av aluminiumoksid påføres, overflaten avkjøles og deretter pålegges et sjikt av polymer ved sprøyting. Dette etter-følges av tørking av overflaten og påfølgende oppvarming for fastsmelting av belegget til overflaten. top layer. This document describes a method for coating a surface with a layer of nickel chromium oxide and then a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene or fluorinated copolymer of ethylene or propylene. The method involves coating a surface with a material whose melting point is above 390°C. The surface is cleaned of oil and solvent, heated to approximately 122°C and then a layer of nickel chromium oxide is applied. The surface is then heated to approximately 177°C, whereupon a thin layer of aluminum oxide is applied, the surface is cooled and then a layer of polymer is applied by spraying. This is followed by drying of the surface and subsequent heating to fuse the coating to the surface.
Fremgangsmåten som omtalt i SE 216342 er tungvint og krever ovnsoppvarming eller kompliserte oppvarmings-anordninger. For å oppnå sjikt med tilstrekkelige egenskaper må toppsjikt som fremstilles med denne fremgangsmåten, varmebehandles ved temperaturer fra omtrent 150°C til omtrent 390°C over en viss tid, som vanligvis er fra 30 minutter til 120 minutter avhengig av type toppsjikt-material som benyttes. The method described in SE 216342 is cumbersome and requires oven heating or complicated heating devices. In order to obtain layers with sufficient properties, top layers produced by this method must be heat treated at temperatures from approximately 150°C to approximately 390°C over a certain time, which is usually from 30 minutes to 120 minutes depending on the type of top layer material used .
På valser innen papirindustrien, for eksempel presse-valser, ledevalser, limvalser og tørkesylindere er de tidligere beskrevne egenskapene av største viktighet for å opprettholde høy produksjon og for å unngå ytre skader på papirproduktene. On rollers within the paper industry, for example press rollers, guide rollers, glue rollers and drying cylinders, the previously described properties are of utmost importance to maintain high production and to avoid external damage to the paper products.
Ved pressing av spon- fiberplater anvendes metallplater for innmating og mellomlegg. Disse platene krever også egenskaper som tidligere nevnt for å opprettholde høy produksjon og høy kvalitet på ytterflaten. When pressing fiberboard, metal plates are used for feeding and intermediate layers. These plates also require properties as previously mentioned in order to maintain high production and high quality of the outer surface.
Ubehandlede valser og metallplater medfører ofte maskinstopp og vedlikehold av de aktuelle overflatene, noe som innebærer tidkrevende og kostbar bearbeiding og ren-<g>jøring. Untreated rolls and metal sheets often result in machine downtime and maintenance of the relevant surfaces, which entails time-consuming and expensive processing and cleaning.
Det er derfor et formål med foreliggende oppfinnelse å frembringe et kombinasjonssjikt ved hjelp av en enkel fremgangsmåte og som er hardt og slitesterkt, har lav friksjonskoeffisient, og som er vannavvisende og smuss- og støvavvisende. Toppsjiktet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse må ikke varmebehandles etter påføring. Det er kun nødvendig med svak varme, omtrent 40°C til omtrent 60°C, for å oppnå de nødvendige egenskaper. Selv om toppsjiktet påføres ved lav temperatur, har sjiktet høy temperaturmotstand uten å klebe eller å miste sin hardhet. Sjiktet kan dessuten anvendes ved driftstemperaturer på opptil omtrent 220°C. It is therefore an object of the present invention to produce a combination layer by means of a simple method which is hard and durable, has a low coefficient of friction, and which is water repellent and dirt and dust repellent. The top layer according to the present invention must not be heat treated after application. Only mild heat, approximately 40°C to approximately 60°C, is required to achieve the required properties. Although the top layer is applied at a low temperature, the layer has high temperature resistance without sticking or losing its hardness. The layer can also be used at operating temperatures of up to approximately 220°C.
En foretrukket utførelse av belegget ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er kjennetegnet ved et kombinasjonssjikt omfattende et basissjikt som består av et antall termisk sprøytet mikroporøse og væskeabsorberende metallag, og et toppsjikt som består av et antall penetrerende og tettende lag av bor-nitrid. A preferred embodiment of the coating according to the present invention is characterized by a combination layer comprising a base layer consisting of a number of thermally sprayed microporous and liquid-absorbing metal layers, and a top layer consisting of a number of penetrating and sealing layers of boron nitride.
Foretrukne alternative utførelser er kjennetegnet ved at basissjiktet omfatter et antall lag av hardt og korrosjonsbestandig material, så som for eksempel kromstål, rustfritt eller syrefast stål, krom eller wolframkarbid, krom eller aluminiumoksid, eller bronse, og at toppsjiktet omfatter et antall påførte lag av bor-nitrid pulver oppløst i etanol. Sjikttykkelsen til belegget er fra omtrent 0.01 mm til 10 mm, foretrukket omtrent 0.05 mm til 5 mm. Preferred alternative designs are characterized by the fact that the base layer comprises a number of layers of hard and corrosion-resistant material, such as for example chrome steel, stainless or acid-resistant steel, chrome or tungsten carbide, chrome or aluminum oxide, or bronze, and that the top layer comprises a number of applied layers of boron -nitride powder dissolved in ethanol. The layer thickness of the coating is from about 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably about 0.05 mm to 5 mm.
En foretrukket fremgangsmåte for å påføre belegget ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er kjennetegnet ved at flaten blåserenses for å oppnå en tilfredsstillende overflateruhet på omtrent Ra 0.5 til 5.0, foretrukket omtrent Ra 1.0 til 4.0, at overflaten oppvarmes til en temperatur på omtrent 40°C til 60°C, foretrukket omtrent 50°C, hvorpå basissjiktet termisk sprøytes på overflaten, at når ønsket sjikttykkelse oppnås på basissjiktet påføres toppsjiktet ved en temperatur på omtrent 30°C til 70°C, foretrukket omtrent 40°C til 60°C, og at toppsjiktet påføres som et antall lag med bor-nitrid suspensjon. A preferred method for applying the coating according to the present invention is characterized by the fact that the surface is blast cleaned to achieve a satisfactory surface roughness of approximately Ra 0.5 to 5.0, preferably approximately Ra 1.0 to 4.0, that the surface is heated to a temperature of approximately 40°C to 60° C, preferably about 50°C, after which the base layer is thermally sprayed on the surface, that when the desired layer thickness is achieved on the base layer, the top layer is applied at a temperature of about 30°C to 70°C, preferably about 40°C to 60°C, and that the top layer applied as a number of layers of boron-nitride suspension.
Foretrukne alternative utførelser av fremgangsmåten er kjennetegnet ved at toppsjiktet påføres som bor-nitrid pulver oppløst i etanol, og hvor etanolen etter påføring fordamper og frembringer, i kombinasjon med basissjiktet, et ikke-klebelig og vannavvisende lavfriksjonssjikt. Toppsjiktet påføres med en sprøytepistol, som anvender kald eller varm trykkluft, eller ved pensling. Den første påfør-ingen av bor-nitrid suspensjonen penetrerer inn i basissjiktet, festes i basissjiktets mikroporer og samles mellom sjiktets harde partikler for å frembringe en ønsket lav-friksjonsegenskap. Etter en ønsket tørketid etter den første påføringen av bor-nitrid, påføres et nytt lag bor-nitrid suspensjon, som etter en ny ønsket tørketid overflatebehandles med et passende pussemiddel. Ytterlige lag med bor-nitrid suspensjon vekselvis påføres og overflatebehandles etter en ønsket tørketid til det frembringes en jevn og glatt overflate. Preferred alternative embodiments of the method are characterized by the fact that the top layer is applied as boron nitride powder dissolved in ethanol, and where the ethanol evaporates after application and produces, in combination with the base layer, a non-sticky and water-repellent low-friction layer. The top layer is applied with a spray gun, which uses cold or hot compressed air, or by brushing. The first application of the boron nitride suspension penetrates into the base layer, is fixed in the base layer's micropores and collects between the layer's hard particles to produce a desired low-friction property. After a desired drying time after the first application of boron nitride, a new layer of boron nitride suspension is applied, which after a new desired drying time is surface treated with a suitable polishing agent. Additional layers of boron nitride suspension are alternately applied and surface treated after a desired drying time until an even and smooth surface is produced.
Oppfinnelsen skal nå forklares nærmere under henvis-ning til den medfølgende tegning, hvori det vises et utsnitt av et belegg for en valse eller en plate, ifølge en foretrukket utførelse av foreliggende oppfinnelse. The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which a section of a coating for a roller or a plate is shown, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figuren viser grunnmaterialets 10 overflate til valsen eller platen. Før påføring av basissjiktet 20 overflatebehandles grunnmaterialet 10 ved blåserensing, så som for eksempel sandblåsing, slik at overflaten i grunnmaterialet oppnår en overflateruhet med en ruhetsverdi på mellom omtrent Ra 0.5 og 5.0, foretrukket mellom omtrent Ra 1.0 og 4.0. Overflatebehandlingen utføres for at basissjiktets 20 holdfasthet til grunnmaterialet 10 skal bli så god som mulig. The figure shows the surface of the base material 10 for the roller or plate. Before applying the base layer 20, the base material 10 is surface treated by blast cleaning, such as for example sandblasting, so that the surface of the base material achieves a surface roughness with a roughness value of between approximately Ra 0.5 and 5.0, preferably between approximately Ra 1.0 and 4.0. The surface treatment is carried out so that the base layer 20's adhesion to the base material 10 will be as good as possible.
Blåserensingen fører til at grunnmaterialet oppnår en bestemt ruhet, slik at partiklene i en etterfølgende termisk metallsprøyting fester seg til overflaten til grunnmaterialet 10 ved diffusjon og mekanisk festing, så som varmeoverføring og krymping. The blast cleaning causes the base material to achieve a certain roughness, so that the particles in a subsequent thermal metal spraying adhere to the surface of the base material 10 by diffusion and mechanical attachment, such as heat transfer and shrinkage.
Før den nevnte termiske metallsprøytingen av basissjiktet 20, utføres en forvarming av grunnmaterialets overflate med for eksempel en varmluftpistol, gassbrenner eller lignende, til mellom omtrent 40°C til 60°C, foretrukket omtrent 50°C. Forvarmingen utføres for å forhindre varmespenning og vridning som kan redusere det termiske sjiktets holdfasthet til overflaten til grunn-materialet 10. I noen tilfeller er ikke denne forvarmingen nødvendig, dette er avhengig av type grunnmaterial og materialvalg for basissj iktet. Before the aforementioned thermal metal spraying of the base layer 20, a preheating of the surface of the base material is carried out with, for example, a hot air gun, gas burner or the like, to between approximately 40°C to 60°C, preferably approximately 50°C. The pre-heating is carried out to prevent heat stress and twisting which can reduce the thermal layer's adhesion to the surface of the base material 10. In some cases this pre-heating is not necessary, this depends on the type of base material and material choice for the base layer.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter, i en foretrukket utførelse, et basissjikt 20 som er mikroporøst og væskeabsorberende og et toppsjikt 30 som er penetrerende og tettende. Basissjiktet 20 påføres ved metallsprøyting hvor forstøvet smeltet metall sprøytes på overflaten til grunn-materialet 10. Dette kan utføres ved at pulver eller metalltråd mates inn i en varmekilde hvor sprøytematerialet finfordeles og i varm, myk tilstand sprøytes mot overflaten til grunnmaterialet 10, hvorpå sprøytepartiklene avkjøles, fester seg og danner et mikroporøst sjikt. The present invention comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a base layer 20 which is microporous and liquid absorbent and a top layer 30 which is penetrating and sealing. The base layer 20 is applied by metal spraying where atomized molten metal is sprayed onto the surface of the base material 10. This can be carried out by feeding powder or metal wire into a heat source where the spray material is finely divided and in a warm, soft state is sprayed against the surface of the base material 10, after which the spray particles cool down , adheres and forms a microporous layer.
Passende sprøytematerial for basissjiktet må være et hardt og korrosjonsbestandig material. Basert på grundig utprøving viser det seg at material som består av, eller omfatter, kromstål, rustfritt eller syrefast stål, krom eller wolframkarbid, krom eller aluminiumsoksid, eller bronse er best egnet som basissjikt. Materialet påføres ved termisk sprøyting så som for eksempel plasmasprøyting, lysbuesprøyting, eller flammesprøyting ved høy- eller lav hastighet., til en sjikttykkelse av omtrent 0.01 mm til omtrent 10 mm, foretrukket omtrent 0.05 mm til omtrent 5 mm, avhengig av grunnmaterialet og/eller anvendelsesområde. Andre kjente metallsprøytemetoder kan selvfølgelig også benyttes. Suitable spray material for the base layer must be a hard and corrosion-resistant material. Based on thorough testing, it appears that material consisting of, or comprising, chrome steel, stainless or acid-resistant steel, chrome or tungsten carbide, chrome or aluminum oxide, or bronze is best suited as a base layer. The material is applied by thermal spraying such as, for example, plasma spraying, arc spraying, or flame spraying at high or low speed., to a layer thickness of about 0.01 mm to about 10 mm, preferably about 0.05 mm to about 5 mm, depending on the base material and/or area of application. Other known metal spraying methods can of course also be used.
Etter at basissjiktet 20 er påført til ønsket sjikttykkelse, påføres en bor-nitrid suspensjon på basissjiktet, med for eksempel en kald eller varmlufts sprøytepistol. Bor-nitrid sjiktet kan også påføres med pensling eller annen vanlig påføringsmetode, men anvendelse av en sprøyte-pistol gir det beste resultatet. After the base layer 20 has been applied to the desired layer thickness, a boron nitride suspension is applied to the base layer, for example with a cold or hot air spray gun. The boron-nitride layer can also be applied by brushing or another common application method, but using a spray gun gives the best result.
Dette toppsjiktet 30 av bor-nitrid suspensjon penetrerer inn i basissjiktet 20, dvs. at bor-nitrid partikler fester seg i basissjiktets 20 mikroporer og samles mellom sjiktets harde partikler. Slik dannes lavfriksjons-egenskapen. Bor-nitrid suspensjonen danner dermed toppsjiktet 30 omfattende et antall påførte lag av bor-nitrid pulver oppløst i etanol, hvor etanolen etter påføring fordamper og frembringer, i kombinasjon med basissjiktet, et ikke-klebelig og vannavvisende lavfriksjonssjikt. This top layer 30 of boron-nitride suspension penetrates into the base layer 20, i.e. that boron-nitride particles stick in the micropores of the base layer 20 and collect between the layer's hard particles. This is how the low-friction property is formed. The boron-nitride suspension thus forms the top layer 30 comprising a number of applied layers of boron-nitride powder dissolved in ethanol, where the ethanol evaporates after application and produces, in combination with the base layer, a non-sticky and water-repellent low-friction layer.
Etter en viss tørketid påføres ytterlig et lag med bor-nitrid suspensjon som etter en ny tørketid, pusses med et fint pussmiddel. Denne operasjonen gjentas et antall ganger til det oppnås en fin og glatt ytre overflate. After a certain drying time, an additional layer of boron nitride suspension is applied which, after a new drying time, is sanded with a fine sanding agent. This operation is repeated a number of times until a nice and smooth outer surface is achieved.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse frembringer dermed et belegg for valser, særlig for anvendelse innen papirindustri, og slite- og mellomleggsplater, særlig for tilvirkning av spon- og^ fiberplater, bestående av et basissjikt av metall eller keramikk og et toppsjikt. Særlig frembringes et kombinasjonssjikt omfattende et basissjikt som består av et antall termisk sprøytet mikroporøse og væskeabsorberende metallag, og et metallisk toppsjikt som består av et antall penetrerende og tettende lag av bor-nitrid. Dette belegget frembringer harde slitesterke, glatte lavfriksjonssjikt med følgende typiske egenskaper; vannavvisende, smuss- og støv-avvisende samt høy motstand mot korrosjon, sammenlignet med for eksempel rustfritt stål, og temperatur. The present invention thus produces a coating for rollers, particularly for use in the paper industry, and wear and intermediate plates, particularly for the production of chipboard and fiberboard, consisting of a base layer of metal or ceramic and a top layer. In particular, a combination layer is produced comprising a base layer consisting of a number of thermally sprayed microporous and liquid-absorbing metal layers, and a metallic top layer consisting of a number of penetrating and sealing layers of boron nitride. This coating produces hard wear-resistant, smooth low-friction layers with the following typical properties; water-repellent, dirt- and dust-repellent as well as high resistance to corrosion, compared to, for example, stainless steel, and temperature.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20002609A NO20002609A (en) | 2000-05-22 | 2000-05-22 | Coatings for rollers and plates as well as procedures for applying the coating |
SE0100310A SE523542C2 (en) | 2000-05-22 | 2001-02-02 | Coating for rollers and plates as well as a method for applying said coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20002609A NO20002609A (en) | 2000-05-22 | 2000-05-22 | Coatings for rollers and plates as well as procedures for applying the coating |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO20002609D0 NO20002609D0 (en) | 2000-05-22 |
NO310573B1 true NO310573B1 (en) | 2001-07-23 |
NO20002609A NO20002609A (en) | 2001-07-23 |
Family
ID=19911162
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO20002609A NO20002609A (en) | 2000-05-22 | 2000-05-22 | Coatings for rollers and plates as well as procedures for applying the coating |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NO (1) | NO20002609A (en) |
SE (1) | SE523542C2 (en) |
-
2000
- 2000-05-22 NO NO20002609A patent/NO20002609A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-02-02 SE SE0100310A patent/SE523542C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE0100310L (en) | 2001-11-23 |
NO20002609D0 (en) | 2000-05-22 |
SE0100310D0 (en) | 2001-02-02 |
SE523542C2 (en) | 2004-04-27 |
NO20002609A (en) | 2001-07-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Mohanty et al. | Sliding wear behavior of thermally sprayed 75/25 Cr3C2/NiCr wear resistant coatings | |
WO2017208998A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing of flour milling roll | |
EP3287544A1 (en) | Coated metal mold and method for manufacturing same | |
JP7440508B2 (en) | Heat resistant carbon coating | |
JP2001009856A (en) | Coated press surface for wear-resistant laminated body and manufacture of laminated body using same | |
JP6211987B2 (en) | Mold for hot forming of Zn-plated steel sheet | |
US6500052B2 (en) | Method of polishing a ceramic substrate | |
GB2303640A (en) | Sliding member with film containing chromium and chromium nitride | |
KR102009409B1 (en) | Sizing Roller Coated By Diamond Liked Coating Method Having Titanium Buffer Layer | |
NO310573B1 (en) | Coating for rollers and plates as well as the method of applying the coating | |
CA2455255A1 (en) | Method for processing and producing a surface having a degree of luster | |
JP6010554B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacturing amorphous plate | |
KR100439411B1 (en) | A spray coating method for hearth roll | |
JPH06121953A (en) | Die for coating having ceramics coating layer | |
JPH08964B2 (en) | Roll for heat treatment furnace | |
JP2017136625A (en) | Metal plate rolling roll | |
JPH0757904B2 (en) | Heat treatment furnace roll and manufacturing method thereof | |
JP2004001070A (en) | Wc cermet-sprayed roll excellent in wear resistance | |
EP4378912A1 (en) | Freestanding ceramic tile manufacture | |
Goshima et al. | Mutual interference of multiple interface cracks in a surface layered material due to rolling contact with heat input | |
Ao et al. | Improving the surface characteristics of 3 Cr 2 W 8 V steel die by ionic nitriding | |
CN105838960A (en) | Metal ceramic material and film coating method thereof | |
RU2019575C1 (en) | Method of tool and member hardening | |
CA2047519C (en) | Water-cooled rolls for cooling steel sheets | |
JPH0229740B2 (en) | MITSUCHAKUSEINISUGURETAYOSHASONOKEISEIHOHO |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM1K | Lapsed by not paying the annual fees |