NO310454B1 - Device for separating contamination from washing water from a washing device for net bags to cages - Google Patents
Device for separating contamination from washing water from a washing device for net bags to cages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO310454B1 NO310454B1 NO19991886A NO991886A NO310454B1 NO 310454 B1 NO310454 B1 NO 310454B1 NO 19991886 A NO19991886 A NO 19991886A NO 991886 A NO991886 A NO 991886A NO 310454 B1 NO310454 B1 NO 310454B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- water
- washing
- chute
- transport screw
- cages
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012678 infectious agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/03—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements self-supporting
- B01D29/035—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements self-supporting with curved filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D29/64—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element
- B01D29/6469—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element scrapers
- B01D29/6476—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element scrapers with a rotary movement with respect to the filtering element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/76—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating
- B01D29/80—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying
- B01D29/82—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying by compression
- B01D29/824—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying by compression using pistons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/76—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating
- B01D29/80—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying
- B01D29/82—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying by compression
- B01D29/828—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying by compression using screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
- B01D29/885—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices with internal recirculation through the filtering element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
- B01D29/94—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for discharging the filter cake, e.g. chutes
Description
Oppfinnelsen gjelder en anordning som angitt i innledningen til patentkrav 1, for å behandle avløpsvann fra rengjøring av notposer til merder, hvor notposene er blitt impregnert med et impregneringsmiddel som inneholder et antigromiddel, så som kobberoksid, med det formål å skille ut impregnerings-midlet og faste partikler som rives løs under vaskingen i en roterende trommel eller liknende vaskeanordning. The invention relates to a device as stated in the introduction to patent claim 1, for treating waste water from cleaning mesh bags for cages, where the mesh bags have been impregnated with an impregnating agent containing an antifouling agent, such as copper oxide, with the aim of separating the impregnating agent and solid particles that are torn loose during washing in a rotating drum or similar washing device.
Bakgrunn Background
For å redusere tilbøyeligheten til groing av notposer som brukes i merder til fiskeoppdrett, blir notmaterialet innsatt eller impregnert med et impregneringsmiddel som inneholder kopperoksid. Etter ei tid vil impregneringsmidlet miste sin effekt og notmaterialet vil bli begrodd med skjell og andre marine organismer. Det vil da etter hvert bli nødvendig å rense notposene. For dette formålet blir notposene tatt på land og behandlet i en vasketrommel under tilførsel av vann under trykk, mens vaskevann og løsrevne partikler blir sluppet tilbake i sjøen. Dette er uheldig av miljøhensyn og skaper risiko for at utslippet kommer over grensene for det som er tillatt. In order to reduce the tendency for net bags used in cages for fish farming to grow, the net material is inserted or impregnated with an impregnation agent containing copper oxide. After a while, the impregnating agent will lose its effect and the net material will become overgrown with shells and other marine organisms. It will eventually become necessary to clean the net bags. For this purpose, the net bags are taken ashore and processed in a washing drum under pressure water, while washing water and detached particles are released back into the sea. This is unfortunate for environmental reasons and creates a risk that the discharge will exceed the limits of what is permitted.
Fra US-patentskrift 5.593.597 (Bischof) er det kjent en transportskrue plassert i et silrør for nedsenkning i ei forurenset væske. Dette anlegget er særlig beregnet for uttak av faststoffer fra avløpsvann. Bruken av filterrør rundt transportskruen og dessuten en tilleggssil, er uhensiktsmessig for det formålet som foreligger for denne oppfinnelsen From US patent 5,593,597 (Bischof) it is known a transport screw placed in a sieve tube for immersion in a contaminated liquid. This facility is particularly intended for the extraction of solids from waste water. The use of filter tubes around the transport screw and also an additional strainer is inappropriate for the purpose of this invention
Formål Purpose
Oppfinnelsens hovedformål er derfor å komme fram til en anordning som reduserer utslippet av forurenset vann ved rensing av vaskevann fra vasking av notposer ved å samle opp elementer og bestanddeler som til nå er blitt sluppet ut i sjøen. Det er et særlig formål å skape en utskillingsanordning som på en enkel måte og med enkelt utstyr kan skille partikler fra vannet, slik at det blir mulig å samle opp forurensende partikler. The main purpose of the invention is therefore to come up with a device that reduces the discharge of polluted water when cleaning wash water from washing net bags by collecting elements and components that have so far been released into the sea. It is a particular purpose to create a separation device which can separate particles from the water in a simple way and with simple equipment, so that it becomes possible to collect polluting particles.
Det er et spesielt formål å skape en utskillingsanordning hvor de aktive elementene kan samles i en byggeenhet. It is a special purpose to create a separation device where the active elements can be collected in a building unit.
Oppfinnelsen The invention
Oppfinnelsen er angitt i patentkrav 1. Med dette opplegget for resirkulering, blir det mulig både å samle forurensende tørrstoff for sikker deponering og dessuten å redusere vannforbruket sterkt. Mens det tidligere ble brukt opptil 9000 liter pr. time, er det nå mulig å redusere dette til ca. 2000 liter. The invention is stated in patent claim 1. With this scheme for recycling, it becomes possible both to collect polluting dry matter for safe disposal and also to greatly reduce water consumption. While previously up to 9,000 liters were used per hour, it is now possible to reduce this to approx. 2000 litres.
Ytterligere gunstige detaljer ved oppfinnelsen er angitt i patentkrav 2. Further advantageous details of the invention are set out in patent claim 2.
Eksempel Example
Oppfinnelsen vil nedenfor bli beskrevet nærmere under henvisning til tegningene, hvor The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, where
fig. 1 viser et fiytdiagram for et anlegg for vasking av notposer, med en anordning i samsvar med oppfinnelsen for utskilling av faststoff og skadelige bestanddeler, fig. 1 shows a flow diagram for a plant for washing mesh bags, with a device in accordance with the invention for separating solids and harmful components,
fig. 2 og 3 viser et planriss ovenfra og et sideriss av utskillingsanordningen i fig. 1, fig. 2 and 3 show a plan view from above and a side view of the separation device in fig. 1,
fig. 4 og 5 viser snitt gjennom anordningen i fig. 2 og 3, mens fig. 4 and 5 show sections through the device in fig. 2 and 3, while
fig. 6 viser et snitt gjennom transportskruen. fig. 6 shows a section through the transport screw.
I fig. 1 er det vist en roterbar vaskebeholder 11 som tilføres vaskevann under trykk fra ei pumpe 12 gjennom en ventil 13. Vaskevannet føres ut av vaskebeholderen 11 til en utskillingsanordning som er betegnet generelt med henvisningstall 14. In fig. 1 shows a rotatable washing container 11 which is supplied with washing water under pressure from a pump 12 through a valve 13. The washing water is led out of the washing container 11 to a separation device which is designated generally by reference number 14.
Utskillingsanordningen 14 er satt sammen av en inntaksdel 15, et grovfilter 16, ei pumpe 17 for overføring av flytende bestanddeler til et finfilter 18 og en buffertank 19. Disse delene vil bli beskrevet nærmere under henvisning til fig. 2-5. The separation device 14 is composed of an intake part 15, a coarse filter 16, a pump 17 for transferring liquid components to a fine filter 18 and a buffer tank 19. These parts will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 2-5.
Fra utskillingsanordningens 14 buffertank 19 føres det rensete vannet tilbake til pumpa 12 for resirkulering. Systemet kan etterfylles med vann gjennom en ventil 20 og tømmes for vann gjennom en ventil 21. From the buffer tank 19 of the separating device 14, the purified water is fed back to the pump 12 for recycling. The system can be refilled with water through a valve 20 and emptied of water through a valve 21.
Dette systemet kan drives uten utslipp for vasking av flere nøter. Etter hvert vil vannet bli rikere og rikere på impregneringsmiddel. Det er nødvendig å skifte ut vannet minst ved skifte mellom vask av nøter for to ulike lokaliteter. På denne måten hindrer en overføring av sykdomssmitte mellom ulike oppdrettsanlegg. This system can be operated without emissions for washing multiple nuts. Gradually, the water will become richer and richer in impregnating agent. It is necessary to replace the water at least when changing between washing nuts for two different locations. In this way, the transmission of disease between different breeding facilities is prevented.
Etter utskiftingen av vaskevannet blir det forurensete vannet tilført en sedimenteirngstank (ikke vist) for utskilling av faste partikler av impregneringsmiddel. After the replacement of the washing water, the contaminated water is supplied to a sedimentation tank (not shown) for the separation of solid particles of impregnating agent.
Oppfinnelsen vil både redusere vannforbruket vesentlig og dessuten hindre effektivt at partikler av impregneringsmiddel og andre uheldige partikler blir sluppet ut i sjøen. The invention will both significantly reduce water consumption and also effectively prevent particles of impregnating agent and other harmful particles from being released into the sea.
I fig. 2-5 er det vist detaljer ved utskillingsanordningen 14 i fig. 1. Den har en kasseformet underdel eller container 22 med ei skråttløpende renne 23 opp fra bunnen ved en ende til overkanten ved den andre. Opptil renna 23 ligger det et par skrå silvegger 24, 25 som går traktformet ned mot kantene av renna (fig. 2 og 4). Rommet over renna 23 og silveggene 24, 25 danner et mottakskammer 26 som tilføres forurenset avløpsvann fra vasketanken 11. Silveggene har i eksemplet spalteåpninger med en bredde på ca. 2,5 mm, som strekker seg inn mot renna 23. In fig. 2-5 show details of the separation device 14 in fig. 1. It has a box-shaped lower part or container 22 with a sloping chute 23 up from the bottom at one end to the upper edge at the other. Up to the chute 23 there are a pair of inclined sieve walls 24, 25 which go down funnel-shaped towards the edges of the chute (fig. 2 and 4). The space above the chute 23 and the sieve walls 24, 25 form a receiving chamber 26 which is supplied with contaminated waste water from the washing tank 11. In the example, the sieve walls have slit openings with a width of approx. 2.5 mm, which extends towards the chute 23.
Rommet under renna 23 og silveggene 24, 25 danner et sumpkammer eller -tank 32 som er avgrenset mot en buffertank 38 (tilsvarer buffertanken 19 i fig. 1) med to vertikale skillevegger 39, 40 (fig. 2, 5) som strekker seg gjennom den kasseformete underdelen 22 fra hjørnene ved den nedre enden av renna 23 og mot sidene av renna ved den andre enden. Buffertanken 38 er lukket oppover. The space below the chute 23 and the strainer walls 24, 25 form a sump chamber or tank 32 which is bounded against a buffer tank 38 (corresponds to the buffer tank 19 in Fig. 1) with two vertical partitions 39, 40 (Figs. 2, 5) which extend through the box-shaped lower part 22 from the corners at the lower end of the chute 23 and towards the sides of the chute at the other end. The buffer tank 38 is closed upwards.
I bunnen av renna 23 er det plassert en akselløs transportskrue 27 som er drevet av en motor 28 plassert ved den nedre enden av renna. Transportskruen 27 har en utløpskasse 29 ved den øvre utmatingsenden. Utløpskassen 29 har ei vekt- eller fjørbelastet luke 30 for utslipp av awannete, faste partikler og et returrør 31 for vann tilbake til et sumpkammer 32 under silveggene 24 og 25 og renna 23 (fig. 3). Vekt- eller fjærbelastningen av luka 30 gjør at denne virker som et presstempel som reduserer vanninnholdet i det utmatete tørrstoffet. Dette bidrar til at en fanger opp en større andel av de vannbårne partiklene som en ønsker å samle opp for å hindre forurensing. Det utmatete tørrstoffet kan samles opp i en beholder for hensiktsmessig deponering eller utnyttelse. At the bottom of the chute 23 there is a shaftless transport screw 27 which is driven by a motor 28 located at the lower end of the chute. The transport screw 27 has an outlet box 29 at the upper discharge end. The outlet box 29 has a weight- or spring-loaded hatch 30 for the discharge of unwatered, solid particles and a return pipe 31 for water back to a sump chamber 32 under the sieve walls 24 and 25 and the chute 23 (fig. 3). The weight or spring loading of the hatch 30 means that it acts as a pressure piston which reduces the water content in the discharged dry matter. This helps to capture a greater proportion of the water-borne particles that you want to collect to prevent pollution. The discharged dry matter can be collected in a container for appropriate disposal or utilization.
Transportskruen 27 er i eksemplet utformet med et skrueblad 33 uten aksel, slik at det dannes en langsgående indre åpning 34. Dette er vist i fig. 6. Ved transportskruens 27 utløpsende er det anordnet en gittertrommel (ikke vist) for separering av vann og partikler. Renna 23 er fortrinnsvis forsynt med perforering 35 i den nedre tredelen for å øke utskillingen av vann til sumpkammet 32. In the example, the transport screw 27 is designed with a screw blade 33 without a shaft, so that a longitudinal inner opening 34 is formed. This is shown in fig. 6. At the outlet end of the transport screw 27, a grating drum (not shown) is arranged for separating water and particles. The gutter 23 is preferably provided with perforation 35 in the lower wooden part to increase the separation of water into the sump comb 32.
Fra sumpkammeret 32 pumpes vannet med ei ikke vist nedsenket pumpe som tilsvarer pumpa 17 i fig. 1 opp til filteret 18 som har form av en kasse 36 med en perforert, buet sidevegg som danner en silvegg 37. Vannet slippes ut ved overkanten av den buete silveggen 37. Kassen 36 er åpen ned mot buffertanken 38. I denne er det plassert ei nedsenket pumpe som tilsvarer pumpa 12 i fig. 1. Den perforerete, buete silveggen 37 har spalter med bredde ca. 1 mm. Fra silveggen 37 kan tørrstoffet slippes ned på transportskruen. From the sump chamber 32, the water is pumped with a not shown submerged pump which corresponds to the pump 17 in fig. 1 up to the filter 18, which is in the form of a box 36 with a perforated, curved side wall that forms a sieve wall 37. The water is discharged at the upper edge of the curved sieve wall 37. The box 36 is open down towards the buffer tank 38. In this is placed a submerged pump which corresponds to pump 12 in fig. 1. The perforated, curved sieve wall 37 has slits with a width of approx. 1 mm. From the screen wall 37, the dry matter can be dropped onto the transport screw.
Fra buffertanken 38 blir altså den filtrerte vannet enten pumpet tilbake til vaskebeholderen 11 eller over i en ikke vist sedimenteringstank. I denne kan vannet desinfiseres for å fjerne eventuelle smittestoffer. Kobberet kan samles opp, for eksempel for retur til leverandøren av impregneringsmiddel. From the buffer tank 38, the filtered water is either pumped back to the washing container 11 or into a sedimentation tank, not shown. In this, the water can be disinfected to remove any infectious agents. The copper can be collected, for example for return to the impregnating agent supplier.
Det er hensiktsmessig å avbryte resirkuleringen av vaskevann og tømme systemet hver gang det skal vaskes nøter fra et nytt oppdrettsanlegg eller en ny lokalisering. It is appropriate to interrupt the recirculation of washing water and empty the system every time nuts are to be washed from a new breeding facility or a new location.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19991886A NO310454B1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 1999-04-21 | Device for separating contamination from washing water from a washing device for net bags to cages |
| AU41533/00A AU4153300A (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-04-25 | Device for cleaning waste water from a washing apparatus for fish farming nets |
| PCT/NO2000/000135 WO2000069541A1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-04-25 | Device for cleaning waste water from a washing apparatus for fish farming nets |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19991886A NO310454B1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 1999-04-21 | Device for separating contamination from washing water from a washing device for net bags to cages |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO991886D0 NO991886D0 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
| NO991886L NO991886L (en) | 2000-10-23 |
| NO310454B1 true NO310454B1 (en) | 2001-07-09 |
Family
ID=19903224
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19991886A NO310454B1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 1999-04-21 | Device for separating contamination from washing water from a washing device for net bags to cages |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU4153300A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO310454B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000069541A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1210403B (en) * | 1987-04-24 | 1989-09-14 | Diemme Spa | MACHINE FOR SEPARATING CONTINUOUSLY SOLID AND SEMI-SOLID PARTS FROM THE LIQUID, IN THE TREATMENT OF CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER PURIFICATION |
| DE3716434C1 (en) * | 1987-05-16 | 1988-12-08 | Hans-Georg Huber | Device for removing screenings and / or screenings from liquid flowing in a channel |
| DE4328476C2 (en) * | 1993-08-24 | 1997-10-30 | Rudolf Bischof Gmbh Tech Hande | Device for discharging solid components from a fluid |
-
1999
- 1999-04-21 NO NO19991886A patent/NO310454B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-04-25 WO PCT/NO2000/000135 patent/WO2000069541A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-04-25 AU AU41533/00A patent/AU4153300A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO991886L (en) | 2000-10-23 |
| NO991886D0 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
| AU4153300A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
| WO2000069541A1 (en) | 2000-11-23 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM1K | Lapsed by not paying the annual fees |
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