NO20181585A1 - - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a tea material as stated in the preamble to patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to the production of such tea material as stated in the preamble to patent claim 13 and use of the tea material as stated in patent claim 20.

Background

Pike fishing is a widespread form of fishing both in commercial fishing and as recreational fishing. There are baits that are adapted to different species of fish and shellfish. Common to all tines is that bait is used as a lure to catch fish and shellfish. For most marine species that are caught today, fresh bait is used such as herring, mackerel etc. Normally you want to keep the bait standing in the sea for many days. The natural bait quickly deteriorates in the water and ceases to attract fish and crabs. Our studies show that baits from herring, mackerel etc. leak odorous substances within approx. 2 days, while the optimal fishing bait should have an effective working time of at least 1 day, preferably more than 7 days and in some cases at least 14 days.

Fresh or frozen bait has a very short lifespan in the ponds. The bait quickly deteriorates in the water and stops attracting fish and crabs. Furthermore, handling fresh or frozen bait is not practical where refrigeration and freezing are necessary. In addition, it is not sustainable for food fish to be used as bait.

Tropical areas

In tropical areas, shallow reefs and brackish water areas are places where fish and shellfish are often caught with traps and seines. Lines are also used to catch deep-water fish in these areas. Most lures and traps used in the tropics have been designed for fishing in the reefs, in rocky areas and on rough bottoms. Squid and crustaceans including snappers, emperors, sea bass, parrot fish, surgeon fish, squirrelfish, angelfish, tropical mountain lobsters and others are fished there. Seine fishing is widespread in mangrove streams and estuarine areas for various crabs (mud crabs, swimmer crabs, wrench crabs, etc.), adult shrimps (mud shrimps, yellow shrimps, etc.) and a number of offshore shrimps. Various types of squid and cuttlefish are also caught in most tropical waters.

Subtropical and temperate regions

A variety of fish, squid and crustaceans are caught with traps and seines in these waters, which include everything from inshore species such as eels, terrapins, wrasse, barramundi, breams, croakers, and crabs such as rock lobsters and fish that live on deeper water and snappers, trevallies, squid, hermit crabs and prawns.

Colder waters

There is a large catch of tench in the North Atlantic, the English Channel and the North Pacific, although it is not as widespread as in warmer areas. Cod, tusk or ling are often caught with seines, and there is a significant seine fishery for lobster, crayfish, king snail and pocket crab in the English Channel and off the west coast of France. King crab, snow crab, lobster and shrimp are caught off Alaska. Today, there is widespread fishing in the Barents Sea for king crab and snow crab. Along the Norwegian coast, crabs, lobsters, crayfish, prawns, mountain gilts, king snails with tines are also caught. In addition, there is a desire to use large seines with a long standing time to catch cod. These are baits where you want the bait to leak out over a long period of time, preferably for 3-4 weeks.

Total catch of fish and crabs with seines is > 1.5 million tonnes per year.

Fragrances for use in teas

It is well-known in a number of contexts in connection with fishing and catching of fish and other marine species, to use attractants, i.e. agents that have an attractive effect on the relevant marine species - in combination with agents that act to determine the rate of release of attractant, so that this persists over a certain time interval.

This also applies to catching with the help of baits, which the present invention is generally aimed at.

In this context, a bait for crustaceans, particularly lobsters, is known, among other things, which includes a pelletized carrier consisting of ingredients designed for a long life in seawater. The pelletized carrier is mixed with attractants and a fish oil extended release of the attractant. The pelletized carrier can comprise different types of flour, ref. US patent 6555144 B1.

Furthermore, a bait for lobster traps is known from US patent application no. 20130118055 A1 in the form of a "cake" which comprises a mixture of animal collagen, water, gelatin, gelling agent, fish meal and fish oil, molded and hardened into a cylindrical cake.

In Norwegian patent no. 341329, an improved tea bag is described using quicklime. Lime means that the bait has a high pH, which can present challenges when handling the bait during production and use. Release of amount of attractant over time can be adjusted by changing relative amounts of the components from which the baits are made. Different baits that emit different amounts of attractant over time are very different in their composition. This can also present challenges when handling the bait during production and use.

In US patent application no. 20040216357 A1, a spinner is described with a bait which may include gypsum and which has a reasonably neutral pH. The bait is reasonably easy to handle during production and use. Release of attractant is described as controlled over time in relation to bait that has only been sprayed with attractant on the surface. Discharge over a longer period than 60 minutes is not described, which makes the bait from the spinner unsuitable for crab fishing.

In the PCT publication WO 2015191136 A1, a bait is described which may include gypsum and which has a reasonably neutral pH. The bait is reasonably easy to handle during production and use. Release of amount of attractant over time can be adjusted by changing relative amounts of the components from which the baits are made. Baits that show different emissions of attractant over time are very different in their composition. This can present challenges when handling the bait during production and use.

Purpose

It is an aim of the present invention to provide an alternative to known means for regulating the rate of release of attractant in connection with fishing bait, which means must be effective, reasonable and which to a small extent affects the environment in the water and the handling of fishing bait.

More concretely, it is an aim to provide a bait that includes such an alternative means for regulating the rate of release of attractant. Typical applications are catching cod and other fish species, crab and shellfish as well as species mentioned above related to tropical, subtropical and cold waters. The bait will also be suitable for catching lobster, snow crab and king crab.

Present invention

The above-mentioned purposes are satisfied through the present invention as defined by patent claim 1.

According to another aspect, the invention comprises a method for the production of a tea bag as stated in patent claim 13.

Finally, the invention relates to the use of the tea material as stated in patent claim 20.

Preferred embodiments of the invention appear from the independent patent claims.

It is understood that what is referred to as the environment in this context is water and more specifically sea water (salt water).

The use of gypsum as a means of regulating the rate of release of attractant to the environment and thus attracting crabs, shellfish and fish over an extended period of time has proven very effective in practice. It has also been found that the use of an organic metal salt used in addition to gypsum, but in a significantly smaller amount, can help adjust the rate at which the attractant is released. The organic metal salt is made in whole or in part by mixing at least one corresponding acid and at least one corresponding basic metal salt.

Hydrolyzed by-products or extracted odorants from fish or shellfish production or ground by-products are typically used as attractants in the present invention. We can also think of by-products from other food production such as chicken production, cattle such as casein, and vegetable sources such as yeast and algae, both micro and macro algae. In our experiments, we have used by-products from shrimp and snow crab, cod, pollock, mackerel and herring.

Typically, the bait according to the present invention comprises odorants (attractant) adapted to different marine species and a carrier for the attractant. The attractant will typically comprise a mixture of odorants extracted from marine resources. The carrier, which in our case includes gypsum, is 100% environmentally friendly.

According to the invention, a bait is provided for angling which releases odorous substances at a rate which can be adjusted according to the species to be caught. The bait is sustainable and produces no external effects. By adding different odorants, the bait will work on different types of fish, crabs, etc. By mixing together odorants obtained by hydrolysis or extraction, and carrier material in the form of gypsum and organic metal salt, a dough is obtained that can be molded, extruded or shaped in other ways into bait of appropriate sizes. The dough may possibly also contain seaweed flour. The dough is dried in air with or without heat.

Attractants that are used are most typically by-products from the fishing industry. These are often products that are not used in any form of production or further processing. However, the present invention is not limited to a specific type of attractant, but to a specific type of carrier for the attractant.

Social value

One will achieve a higher yield when fishing with tine when using the present invention. The fishing tackle according to the invention can fish for more than 1 day, preferably more than 7 days. This means more efficient fishing and that you can leave the tines for more than a week instead of 1-3 days. There is no need for a fridge/freezer, which reduces costs and CO2 emissions. In the new bait, odorants from by-products in fisheries production can be used.

Reduced use of fresh or frozen bait would be environmentally attractive, strengthen fish stocks, and provide an efficient use of scarce marine resources.

More about the invention

Figure 1 shows leaching rates as a function of composition.

In seine fishing, controlling the emission of odors and adapting odors to different types of fish and crab species are the most important factors in order to be able to catch effectively. The new fishing bait opens up a completely new way of controlling the emission of odors to lure fish/crabs into fishing lines and other traps. Using by-products from the fishing industry combined with gypsum and organic metal salt gives us the opportunity to control odor emissions. This is done by utilizing various mixtures of gypsum and organic metal salt. During trials, it has been found that the bait fishes for more than 3 weeks. The present invention preferably uses a weight ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt in the range 250:1 to 3:1, more preferably in the range 100:1 to 4:1 and most preferably 50:1 to 5:1.

Experimental

Examples of the composition of bait according to the invention are shown in Table 1. The baits are produced by mixing gypsum, lime (slaked lime, Ca(OH)2) which is chosen as basic metal salt and citric acid which is chosen as organic acid. The conditions are stated in Table 1. Then attractant is added. A bait is obtained which is easily malleable during manufacture and physically stable during use. The leakage time is controlled with the amount of organic metal salt. In the examples, it is calcium citrate that is formed from lime and citric acid.

Table 1: Composition of bait [%] according to the invention

Leaching of attractant from the bait follows an exponential decrease in the 1st order for the residual amount of attractant remaining in the bait against time. Experience shows that an exponential decrease in the 1st order of attractant up to a typical 30% residual amount (typically 70% leaked attractant) is good enough for successful fishing. To judge the leaching of baits with different leaching rates, the leaching is first compared until a typical 30% residual amount is achieved. Figure 1 shows leaching studies of bait with different leaching rates. Examples 1, 2 and 3 in Figure 1 show that the leaching rate of attractant can be controlled within the time frames that are relevant for use of the invention. Changes in the composition of baits with distinctly different discharge rates are small.

The ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt is typically chosen as 25:1 to achieve a leaching of attractant up to typically 70% leaching after 30 hours.

The ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt is typically chosen as 12:1 to achieve a leaching of attractant up to typically 70% leaching after 72 hours.

The ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt is typically chosen as 5:1 to achieve a leaching of attractant up to typically 70% leaching after more than 120 hours.

Table 2 shows a selection of organic metal salts and their solubility in water as g/L at typically 25°C, unless otherwise noted. The metal in the metal salts is selected from but not limited to Ca, Mg, Al, Zn and Fe. Several organic metal salts can be used in the invention.

<1) >hot water

Table 2: selection of organic metal salts and their solubility in water [g/L].

Organic metal salts with lower solubility than 0.1 g/L are listed as insoluble in Table 2.

The solubility of organic metal salts will have an impact on the stability of the bait and thus on the emission of attractant over a given period of time. Use of an organic metal salt in the bait with relatively high water solubility will generally lead to a bait with lower stability when the bait is used in water than use of an organic metal salt with relatively low water solubility.

Organic metal salts that can be used in the invention are typically made by mixing at least one corresponding organic acid with at least one corresponding basic metal salt at room temperature or a higher temperature. Corresponding acids may be selected from but not limited to citric acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, C1-C24 carboxylic acid, sorbic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, metatartaric acid, maleic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, gallic acid, substituted and unsubstituted hydroquinone, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, 4-hexylresorcinol, alginic acid, polymers and copolymers of acrylic acid. In the case of polybasic acids with more than one mole of acid functionality per mole of acid, the acid may be partially converted into acid derivatives selected from esters and salts. Corresponding basic metal salts may be selected from but not limited to hydroxides, oxides, oxide hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, silicates. The person skilled in the art will arrive at suitable combinations of corresponding acids and corresponding basic metal salts. Organic metal salts which are insoluble or slightly soluble in water are particularly suitable for carrying out the invention.

The solids content of the attractant is typically between 15 and 60%, more preferably between 40 and 50%, particularly preferably about 45%.

The content of gypsum in the tin aggregate is in the range of 60-80% by weight calculated from the weight of the tin aggregate, more preferably 62-74% by weight.

The weight ratio of attractant to gypsum is in the range of 1:10 to 6:10, more preferably about 3:10.

In order to regulate the pH value in the tea material, the tea material can contain a stoichiometric excess of acid in an adapted amount.

The tin bait can also contain 1-10% by weight of lignin to improve its formability and mechanical properties.

Further extension of the leakage time can be achieved by the use of an enclosure of a

polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer foil of the desired thickness.

The bait can be used as it is in standard bait bags or in PVA plastic bags as bait bags. These are bags that have holes to circulate the surrounding water in the form of micro holes or larger holes.

Claims (20)

Patent claims 1. Teine bait which is suitable for catching crabs, characterized in that the bait consists of 50-90% by weight gypsum (CaSO4), up to 25% by weight organic metal salt 15-35% water-based attractant ad 100% by weight water, including crystal water in acids and salts and water in the attractant, as the organic metal salt can be prepared by mixing at least one organic acid and at least one basic metal salt and as the ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt is decisive for the leaching rate of attractant. 2. Teineagn in accordance with patent claim 1, in that the metal in the metal salt is selected from among Ca, Mg, Al, Zn and Fe. 3. Teineagn in accordance with patent claim 1 or 2, in that the basic metal salt is selected from among hydroxides, oxides, oxide hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates and silicates. 4. Tea bait in accordance with any of the preceding patent claims, the tea bait having a content of gypsum in the range 60-80% by weight calculated from the weight of the tea bait, more preferably 62-74% by weight. 5. Tea bait in accordance with any of the preceding patent claims, the attractant being included with a dry matter content of between 15 and 60%, more preferably between 40 and 50%, particularly preferably about 45%. 6. Teineagn according to any one of the preceding patent claims, the organic acid being selected from citric acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, C1-C24 carboxylic acid, sorbic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, metatartaric acid , maleic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, gallic acid, substituted and unsubstituted hydroquinone, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, 4-hexylresorcinol, alginic acid, polymers and copolymers of acrylic acid. 7. Tea bait according to any one of the preceding claims, the weight ratio between attractant and plaster being in the range of 1:10 to 6:10, more preferably about 3:10. 8. Teineagn in accordance with any one of the preceding patent claims, the weight ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt being in the range of 250:1 to 3:1, more preferably in the range of 100:1 to 4:1 and particularly preferably 50:1 to 5:1. 9. Tea bait in accordance with any of the preceding patent claims, the tea bait containing a stoichiometric excess of acid in an amount adapted to pH regulate the tea bait. 10. Tea aggregate in accordance with any one of the preceding patent claims, the tea aggregate additionally containing 1-10% by weight of lignin to improve formability and mechanical properties of the tea aggregate. 11. Tea bait in accordance with any of the preceding patent claims, in that the tea bait also comprises an enclosing film of polyvinyl alcohol with microholes or other forms of holes or in a tight design. 12. Tea bait in accordance with any one of the preceding patent claims, in that it has an effective duration of action for at least 1 day, more preferably at least 7 days, possibly more preferably at least 14 days. 13. Method for producing tea bait characterized in that the tea bait comprises 50-90% by weight gypsum (CaSO4), up to 25% by weight organic metal salt, 15-35% attractant, and up to 100% water by weight, including crystal water in acids and salts and in water in attractant, the organic metal salt being wholly or partly made by mixing at least one organic acid and at least one basic metal salt and the leaching rate of attractant being controlled by changing the ratio between organic metal salt and gypsum. 14. Method in accordance with patent claim 13, using a content of gypsum in the range 60-80% by weight calculated from the weight of the tea material, more preferably 62-74% by weight. 15. Method in accordance with patent claim 13 or 14, using a weight ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt in the range 250:1 to 3:1, more preferably in the range 100:1 to 4:1 and particularly preferably 50:1 to 5 :1. 16. Method in accordance with patent claims 13 to 15, wherein the ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt is typically chosen as 25:1 in order to achieve a leaching of attractant up to a typical 70% leaching after 30 hours. 17. Method in accordance with patent claims 13 to 15, wherein the ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt is typically chosen as 12:1 to achieve a leaching of attractant up to a typical 70% leaching after 72 hours. 18. Method in accordance with patent claims 13 to 15, wherein the ratio between gypsum and organic metal salt is typically chosen as 5:1 to achieve a leaching of attractant up to typically 70% leaching after more than 120 hours. 19. Method in accordance with one of the patent claims 13-18, in that the tea material is placed in a dense or perforated covering of polyvinyl alcohol for an extended time or delayed start of the release of attractant to the surroundings. 20. Use of seine bait in accordance with any of claims 1-19 in seine fishing for crab, lobster, snow crab and king crab.