NO20160674A1 - Fish feed - Google Patents
Fish feed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO20160674A1 NO20160674A1 NO20160674A NO20160674A NO20160674A1 NO 20160674 A1 NO20160674 A1 NO 20160674A1 NO 20160674 A NO20160674 A NO 20160674A NO 20160674 A NO20160674 A NO 20160674A NO 20160674 A1 NO20160674 A1 NO 20160674A1
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- guar
- proteins
- guar meal
- meal
- Prior art date
Links
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 claims description 88
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 79
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 56
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 42
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000277263 Salmo Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical group O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150056682 Smo gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020940 control diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000007882 dietary composition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021073 macronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021195 test diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010947 wet-dispersion method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Description
Field of the invention
The invention rektes to an extruded, pressed or particulate fish feed, and to a method for reduction of the content of undesired nutrients in water discharged from a fish farm, and to a process for increasing the mechanical strength or shear resistance of faeces from fish in a fish farm.
Background of the invention
The use ofRecirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) systems forland basedrearing of salmon smoh is becoming more common. A RAS system operates by filtering the water from the fish tanks so that it can be reused within the tank or enitted to the environment. Both marine and fresh water systems are known.
Feed remnants and faeces in solid and dissotved form bring undesired compounds such as nutrients to the water body. The content of nutrients can be reduced by using highly digestible feed, but it has been shown that an effective reduction of the nutrients only can be obtained by filtering and separating the faeces particles and remaining feed particles from the water. It is thus important that the suspended faeces particles have a sufficient strength and are not disintegrated into finer and unfilterable particles.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a feed composition which can be fed to farmed fish and which leads to faeces particles with increased shear resistance, so that decomposition of the faeces particles is prevented or reduced.
It is also an object of the present invention to obtained feed composition with increased shear resistance so that uneaten feed particles are not degraded into smaller particles in the water body.
It is a further object to the present invention to enable efficient fittration and separation of the undecomposed faeces and feed particles from the water body in order to decrease the leakage of nutritious compounds and other undesired compounds from the faeces and feed particles into the water.
N0323529 discloses a feed composition which increases the particle size of salmon faeces. The feed contains, in addition to starch as an ordinary binder, a so-called "faecal binder" of a non-starch type. The faecal non-starch binder can be alginate, algal meal orguar gum The patent clearly indicates that only non-starch fish feed binders are capable of obtaining faeces with an increased resistance to degradation.
It is thus a further object of the present invention to provide alternative faecal binders, i.e. binders provided in the feed composition that enhances the resistance to degradation of the faeces particles, and preferable also the feed particles.
Summary of the invention
A first aspect of the present invention relates to an extruded, pressed or particulate fish feed, wherein the fish feed comprises feed ingredients such as proteins, lipids/oils, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, and wherein a portion of said proteins is guar meal.
In a preferred embodiment is said guar meal extracted from guar beans and replaces conventional proteins.
In a preferred embodiment is said guar meal extracted from guar germ and replaces conventional proteins.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed 1-30% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed 1 -20% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed about 5-12% guar meal, based on total weigh of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed about 5% guar meal, based on total weigh of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment is about 10-50% of said proteins guar meal.
In a preferred embodiment is about 10-25% of said proteins guar meal.
In a preferred embodiment is the feed is extruded and the guar meal is added to the feed ingredients before extrusion.
In a preferred embodiment comprises the feed also a starch type binding agent.
In a preferred embodiment comprises the feed also a non-starch type binding agent.
In a preferred embodiment is said non-starch binding agent selected from the group consisting of algae meal, calcium alginate and guar gum
In a preferred embodiment is the feed for use in Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) systems.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to a method for reduction of the content of undesired nutrients in water discharged from a fish farm, wherein a fish feed fed to the fish in said fish farm comprises feed ingredients such as proteins, lipids/oils, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, and wherein a portion of said proteins is guar meal, and wherein faeces particles and/or uneaten feed particles are removed by mechanical fittration from the water. In a preferred embodiment is said guar meal extracted from guar beans and replaces conventional proteins.
In a preferred embodiment is said guar meal extracted from guar germ and replaces conventional proteins.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed comprises 1-30 % guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed 1 -20% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed about 5-12% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed about 5% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment is about 10-50% of said proteins guar meal.
In a preferred embodiment is about 10-25% of said proteins guar meal.
In a preferred embodiment is the fish farm a Recirculating Aquacuhure System (RAS) system, wherein faeces particles and/or uneaten feed particles are removed from the water, and the water is recirculated to the fish farm
A third aspect of the present invention relates to a process for increasing the mechanical strength or shear resistance of faeces from fish in a fish farm, wherein a fish feed fed to the fish in said fish farm comprises feed ingredients such as proteins, lipids/oils, carbohydrates and vitamins, and wherein a portion of said proteins is guar meal.
In a preferred embodiment is said guar meal extracted from guar beans and replaces conventional proteins.
In a preferred embodiment is said guar meal extracted from guar germ and replaces conventional proteins.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed 1-30 % guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed 1-20% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed about 5-12% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment comprises said feed about 5% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
In a preferred embodiment is about 10-50% of said proteins guar meal.
In a preferred embodiment is about 10-25% of said proteins guar meal.
In a preferred embodiment is the fish farm a Recirculating Aquacuhure System (RAS) system, wherein faeces particles and/or uneaten feed particles are removed from the water, and the water is recirculated to the fish farm.
Description of the drawings
Figure 1 shows the data output from Mastersizer for faeces particle size for various feed formulations containing different guar meal concentrations and guar meal rypes in the fish feed, and shows the % of particles over 50 nm (y-axis) at time 1 (initial) and at time 10 (10 minutes in the Mastersizer). Data shown for N=10 fish per tank, 3 tanks per treatment. Figure 2 shows the faeces particle size measurement by the Mastersizer for example 2. The data is shown at the start and at the final sample (time 10 minutes). Disruption of the faeces is expected with an increase in run number (i.e. reduces particle size). The y-axis gives the percentage of particles at >50 nm for the faeces. Each data point is the sample for a tank of fish (minimum 3 tanks per diet) Figure 3 shows particle size measurements for the test samples of example 3. Data is shown at the start of the Mastersizer measurement and at the end (10 minutes), and disruption of the faeces is expected with an increase in run number, i.e. a reduced particle size at the end of the analysis period. The y-axis gives the percentage of particles at >50 \ im of the faeces. Each data point is the sample for a tank of fish (minimum 3 tanks per diet)
Description of embodiments of the invention
The aim of the experiments described below is to test whether various binding agents and dietary compositions in fish feed have an effect on faeces stability. An object is to find raw material inclusions that can be used as feacal binding formulations in fish feed.
Faeces particle size is an important parameter to measure since faeces is most often removed from the water by mechanical filters, meaning that any faeces particles larger than the filters cut-off value (mesh size) will be removed from the water by the filter. Particle size is thus a good measure for the faecal binding properties of the tested binding agents or feed formulations.
We have unexpectedly fbund that guar meal increases the particle size of faeces if the guar meal is inckided in the feed that is given to the fish. It is known from the prior art that guar gum has a similar effect, and we can obtain similar results with a suhable inclusion of guar meal in the formulations.
Example 1. Effect of guar meal in fish feed on faeces characteristics
The active compound of the present invention, i.e. guar meal is available from several commercial suppliers and has the following composition range of macronutrients: protein 40% to 66%, fat 7 to 12% and carbohydrates 10 to 20%. The guar seed consists of the hull, the endosperm and germ. The endosperm and the hull is processed to give guar gum, whereas it is mainly the germ that is processed to give the protein fraction and the guar meal. Atthough there will also be a protein fraction that can be processed from the hull and endosperm fraction of the guar seed. The guar meal is prepared from the guar seed by a variety of processes which may inctude sieving, roasting, grinding solvent extraction and drying. We have tested a variety of guar meals for their effects on the physical characterization of faeces from the fish fed feeds with the different guar meals.
Feed compositions
The test feeds for this trial were produced at the Technology Centre, Dirdal, Norway. The feed formulation were based on EWOS No Micro Performance feed size 50 containing a target of 3 5% protein and 34% fat. The detailed compositions of the formulations are given in table 1. Guar meal in the test feeds replaces vegetable protein concentrate. Guar meal A, B and C denotes three different guar meal products indicated as GM A, GM B and GM C in the figures.
Atlantic salmon were stocked in seawater tanks (n=50 fish per tank, mean weight = 1918g). Faeces was collected from the distal half of the distal intestine in fish by dissection (n= 10 fish per tank, 3 tanks per treatment). Faeces were analyzed for particle size by laser diffraction on a Matvern Mastersizer 2000 using a Hydro G wet dispersion unit. The tests were done at EWOS Innovation, Dirdal.
The Mastersizer uses vigorous mixing when measuring the sample. The machine takes three measurements of the same material in succession while circulating the sample. As a resuh a decrease in particle size is observed as the test no. increases due to the mixing activhy in the instrument. (The machine can take up to 10 measurements but 3 replicate measurements were determined as appropriate for this procedure).
Figure 1 shows that the guar meal has excellent binding properties in contrast to other formulations that we have tested.
Example 2 -Effect of fish feed guar meal on faeces characteristics
We have tested a variety of guar meals for their effects on the physical characterization of faeces from the fish fed feeds with the different guar meals. Guar meal C (termed GM C) has been tested in a different feed formulation (table 2) in the concentration of 6 and 12 %.
Feed compositions
The test feeds for this trial were produced at the Technology Centre, Dirdal, Norway. The feed formulation were based on EWOS No Micro Performance feed size 50 containing a target of 43% protein and 24% fat. The detailed compositions of the fbrmulations are given in table 2.
Fish sampling
Atlantic salmon (mean weight 1400g; n=40 fish per tank) were held in tanks. Faeces were collected from each tank on a continuous basis for a limited amount of time for each tank. One sample of faeces (not less than 5g) was collected per tank, and analysed in the Mastersizer as described for example 1. For each treatment faeces from three replicate tanks were collected for faeces size analysis. The faeces were analyzed as described in example 1.
Figure 2 shows a graphical representation of the data obtained from the measurements of faeces particle sizes given as % of particles larger than 50 \ im for fish fed the various experimental diets. The MasterSizer uses laser diffraction to characterize particles between 0.01 and 3500 microns. Particles are added and dispersed through a media (water, air, etc), then light is passed over the particles, and the resultant diffraction is measured. The angle and intenshy of the light scattered determine the size of the particles. Then using the equivalent spheres a diameter is calculated from the diffraction pattern.
The dietary treatments are given in the headings for each result.
Example 3 -Effect of guar meal on faeces particle size
Feed compositions
The test feeds for this trial were produced at the Technology Centre, Dirdal, Norway. The feed formulations were based on EWOS commercial 3 mm pellet containing 46% protein and 23% fat. The detailed compositions of the formulations are given in table 3.
Atlantic salmon (mean weight 1500g; n=40 fish per tank) were held in tanks. Faeces were collected from each tank on a continuous basis for a limited amount of time for each tank. One sample of faeces (not less than 5g) was collected per tank, and analysed in the Mastersizer as described for example 1. The collection of sample was repeated for the same tank for three days. So a total of three samples were analysed per tank, each analysed once by the mastersizer (as described in Example 1).
Figure 3 shows a graphical representation of the data obtained for the measurements of faeces particles sizes larger than 50 pmfor fish fed the various experimental diets.
The model output used in this example accounts for the variability between tanks and pools within tanks as random effécts.
Digestibility
Digestibility of the fish fed some experimental feeds were analyzed (yttrium oxide was added to the feeds, 0.01%). Fish were fed experimental feeds for 2 weeks. Faeces was collected from drain water during the second week using belt collectors from Holland Technology. ADC was calculated using the following equation (Bureau & Hua 2006): ADCtest ing<=>ADCtestdiet<+>[(ADCtestdiet - ADCref. diet)<*>(0.7<*>EW/DSng)]
Where:
ADCtest ing = the apparent digestibility coefficient of the test ingredient
ADCtestdiet = the apparent digestibility coefficient of the test diet
ADCref.diet = the apparent digestibility coefficient of the reference diet Dref= % nutrient (or kJ/g gross energy) of reference diet mash (as is)
Ding = % nutrient (or kJ/g gross energy) of reference test ingredient (as is)
Reference: Bureau, D.P. and Hua, K. (2006). Letter to the Editor of Aquaculture. Aquaculture 252 (2006) 103-105.
The digestibility data is given in table 4 as apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values. Data is for each tank replicate, 2 tank replicates per feed treatment.
There is lMe difFerence between the values of the control diets and the various experimental treatments. Various studies have documented the lower digestibility of feeds containing guar gum.
Claims (34)
1. An extruded, pressed or particulate fish feed, wherein the fish feed comprises feed ingredients such as proteins, lipids/oils, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, and wherein a portion of said proteins is guar meal.
2. Feed according to claim 1, wherein said guar meal is extracted from guar beans and replaces conventional proteins.
3. Feed according to claim 1, wherein said guar meal is extracted from guar germ and replaces conventional proteins.
4. Feed according to claim 1, wherein said feed comprises 1-30% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
5. Feed according to claim 1, wherein said feed comprises 1-20% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
6. Feed according to claim 1, wherein said feed comprises about 5-12%guar meal, based on total weigh of the feed.
7. Feed according to claim 1, wherein said feed comprises about 5% guar meal, based on total weigh of the feed.
8. Feed according to claim 1, wherein about 10-50% of said proteins is guar meal.
9. Feed according to claim 1, wherein about 10-25% of said proteins is guar meal.
10. Feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed is extruded and wherein guar meal is added to the feed ingredients befbre extrusion.
11. Feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed also comprises a starch type binding agent.
12. Feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed also comprises a non-starch type binding agent.
13. Feed according to claim 11, wherein said non-starch binding agent is selected from the group consisting of algae meal, calcium alginate and guar gum
14. Feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed is a feed for use in Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) systems.
15. Amethod for reduction of the content of undesired nutrients in water discharged from a fish farm, wherein a fish feed fed to the fish in said fish farm comprises feed ingredients such as proteins, lipids/oils, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, and wherein a portion of said proteins is guar meal, and wherein faeces particles and/or uneaten feed particles are removed by mechanical fittration from the water.
16. A method according to claim 15, wherein said guar meal is extracted from guar beans and replaces conventional proteins.
17. A method according to claim 15, wherein said guar meal is extracted from guar germ and replaces conventional proteins.
18. Amethod according to claim 15, wherein said feed comprises 1-30%guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
19. Amethod according to claim 15, wherein said feed comprises 1-20%guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
20. A method according to claim 15, wherein said feed comprises about 5-12% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
21. A method according to claim 15, wherein said feed comprises about 5% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
22. A method according to claim 15, wherein about 10-50% of said proteins is guar meal.
23. A method according to claim 15, wherein about 10-25% of said proteins is guar meal.
24. A method according to claim 15, wherein the fish farm is a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) system, wherein faeces particles and/or uneaten feed particles are removed from the water, and the water is recirculated to the fish farm
25. A process for increasing the mechanical strength or shear resistance of faeces from fish in a fish farm, wherein a fish feed fed to the fish in said fish farm comprises feed ingredients such as proteins, lipids/oils, carbohydrates and vitamins, and wherein a portion of said proteins is guar meal.
26. A method according to claim 25, wherein said guar meal is extracted from guar beans and replaces conventional proteins.
27. A method according to claim 25, wherein said guar meal is extracted from guar germ and replaces conventional proteins.
28. Amethod according to claim 25, wherein said feed comprises 1-30%guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
29. Amethod according to claim 25, wherein said feed comprises 1-20%guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
30. A method according to claim 25, wherein said feed comprises about 5-12% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
31. A method according to claim 25, wherein said feed comprises about 5% guar meal, based on total weight of the feed.
32. A method according to claim 25, wherein about 10-50% of said proteins is guar meal.
33. A method according to claim 25, wherein about 10-25% of said proteins is guar meal.
34. A method according to claim 25, wherein the fish farm is a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) system, wherein faeces particles and/or uneaten feed particles are removed from the water, and the water is recirculated to the fish farm
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20160674A NO20160674A1 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2016-04-19 | Fish feed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20160674A NO20160674A1 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2016-04-19 | Fish feed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20160674A1 true NO20160674A1 (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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ID=61800113
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20160674A NO20160674A1 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2016-04-19 | Fish feed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO20160674A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11903964B2 (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2024-02-20 | Can Technologies, Inc. | Feces binder in feed for fish |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2142636A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1985-01-23 | Meyhall Chemical Ag | Process for separating polysaccharide-containing particles into high-protein and low-protein fractions |
| NO323529B1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2007-06-04 | Trouw Internat Bv | Procedure for reducing the content of undesirable nutrients in wastewater from fish farms. |
-
2016
- 2016-04-19 NO NO20160674A patent/NO20160674A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2142636A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1985-01-23 | Meyhall Chemical Ag | Process for separating polysaccharide-containing particles into high-protein and low-protein fractions |
| NO323529B1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2007-06-04 | Trouw Internat Bv | Procedure for reducing the content of undesirable nutrients in wastewater from fish farms. |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| Iqbal, KJ.,2014, «Effect of plant-fishmeal and plant by-product based…», Pakistan J. Zool., vol.46 (1), s 253-260. , Dated: 01.01.0001 * |
| Paolucci, M. et al., 2012, «Development of biopolymers as binders for feed…», www.interchopen.com, [hentet fra internet 2016.09.16], Dated: 01.01.0001 * |
| Reid, GK et al, 2009, «A review of the biophysical properties of salmonid faeces…», Aquaculture research, 40, s. 257-273., Dated: 01.01.0001 * |
| Stortare-en verdifull ressurs. FMC biopolymer. [hentet fra internett 20.09.2016] , Dated: 01.01.0001 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11903964B2 (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2024-02-20 | Can Technologies, Inc. | Feces binder in feed for fish |
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