NO20130107A1 - Lure and flavoring for fish - Google Patents
Lure and flavoring for fish Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO20130107A1 NO20130107A1 NO20130107A NO20130107A NO20130107A1 NO 20130107 A1 NO20130107 A1 NO 20130107A1 NO 20130107 A NO20130107 A NO 20130107A NO 20130107 A NO20130107 A NO 20130107A NO 20130107 A1 NO20130107 A1 NO 20130107A1
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- accordance
- bait
- fish
- fixing agent
- acrylate
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K97/00—Accessories for angling
- A01K97/04—Containers for bait; Preparation of bait
- A01K97/045—Preparation of bait; Ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Abstract
Lokkemiddel for fisk og fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av slikt lokkemiddel, basert på råvare minst delvis fremstilt av marine organismer, idet råvaren blir tilsatt enzymer og derved hydrolysert, samt at hydrolysatet tilsettes et fikseringsmiddel. Det gis også anvisning på bruk av slike lokkemiddel.Bait for fish and method of producing such bait, based on raw material at least partially prepared by marine organisms, the raw material being added to enzymes and thereby hydrolyzed, and the hydrolyzate added to a fixative. Instructions are also given on the use of such lures.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår i henhold til et første aspekt en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et lokkemiddel og smakstilsetning for fisk i samsvar med ingressen til patentkrav 1. I henhold til et ytterligere aspekt angår den et lokkemiddel fremstilt ved fremgangsmåten. According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing a bait and flavoring for fish in accordance with the preamble to patent claim 1. According to a further aspect, it relates to a bait produced by the method.
Ved fiske er det påvist at muligheten til å fange fisk, det være seg ved sportsfiske eller yrkesfiske, kanøkes betraktelig ved å tilsette aromastoffer, såkalte lokkemidler, som virker tiltrekkende på fisk. Slike lokkemidler kan benyttes i tilknytning til såvel levende som kunstig agn. When fishing, it has been proven that the possibility of catching fish, be it sport fishing or professional fishing, can be increased considerably by adding aroma substances, so-called attractants, which have an attractive effect on fish. Such lures can be used in connection with both live and artificial bait.
Slike midler er kjent blant annet fra ZA 8 206 790 A som omhandler kunstig agn omfattende tilsatte smaksstoffer og fargestoffer for å virke tiltrekkende på fisk. En blanding av kornslag, vann og herdet fett inngår i agnet som aromatiserende stoff. Hydrolysert vegetabilsk protein og flerverdige alkoholer brukes for å forsterke den tiltrekkende virkningen på fisk. Hydrolysert protein fra marine ressurser er ikke omtalt. Virkningen av agnet mot ett eller flere fiskeslag er heller ikke omtalt eller eksemplifisert. Such agents are known, among other things, from ZA 8 206 790 A, which deals with artificial bait comprising added flavorings and dyes to act as an attractant to fish. A mixture of cereal grains, water and hardened fat is included in the bait as an aromatizing substance. Hydrolyzed vegetable protein and polyhydric alcohols are used to enhance the attractive effect on fish. Hydrolyzed protein from marine resources is not mentioned. The effect of the bait against one or more species of fish is also not discussed or exemplified.
Fra US 2003 066231A er det kjent et nedbrytbart, kunstig agn for fisk basert på naturlige, biologisk nedbrytbare komponenter. Hydrolysene fiskeproteiner, fiskeolje, fiskemel, krepsdyr fra havbunnen, blåskjell fra havbunnen, fiskepulver, frukt, krydder, hvitløk, hvitløk olje, nøytrale L-aminosyrer kan være bestanddeler av agnet. En spesiell virkning av hydrolysert fiskeprotein eller annet hydrolysert protein fra marine ressurser som lokkemiddel er ikke omtalt. Virkningen av agnet overfor ett eller flere fiskeslag er heller ikke omtalt eller eksemplifisert. From US 2003 066231A, a degradable, artificial bait for fish based on natural, biodegradable components is known. Hydrolyzed fish proteins, fish oil, fish meal, crustaceans from the seabed, mussels from the seabed, fish powder, fruit, spices, garlic, garlic oil, neutral L-amino acids can be components of the bait. A special effect of hydrolysed fish protein or other hydrolysed protein from marine resources as bait is not discussed. The effect of the bait on one or more species of fish is also not discussed or exemplified.
US patent nr. 4 704 286 A beskriver et fiskeagn med smakstilsetningsmiddel, basert på en vannløselig polymer med langsom løselighetsrate. Den foretrukne polymer er polyvinylalkohol med en forhåndsbestemt grad av hydrolyse av dens estergrupper for å oppnå ønsket rate av løselighet. Det kan ha fysisk form av et ark omfattende parallelle slisser. Smakstilsetningsmiddelet består av gelatin hydrolysat og oksekjøttekstrakt og gelatinhydrolysatet er laget ved pankreasfordøyelse av gelatin. Hydrolysert protein fra marine ressurser er ikke omtalt. Virkningen av agnet mot ett eller flere fiskeslag er heller ikke omtalt eller eksemplifisert. US Patent No. 4,704,286 A describes a flavored fish bait based on a water-soluble polymer with a slow dissolution rate. The preferred polymer is polyvinyl alcohol with a predetermined degree of hydrolysis of its ester groups to achieve the desired rate of solubility. It may take the physical form of a sheet comprising parallel slits. The flavoring agent consists of gelatin hydrolyzate and beef extract and the gelatin hydrolyzate is made by pancreatic digestion of gelatin. Hydrolyzed protein from marine resources is not mentioned. The effect of the bait against one or more species of fish is also not discussed or exemplified.
US patentsøknad 2004088901 beskriver sportsfiskesystem som består av en stang og snelle, inkludert fiske linje, minst ett kunstig eller naturlig agn og et kontrollert frisatt fiskelokkemiddel for påføring til nevnte kunstige eller naturlige agn. Hydrolysert protein fra marine ressurser er ikke omtalt som fiskelokkemidel. US patent application 2004088901 describes a sport fishing system consisting of a rod and reel, including fishing line, at least one artificial or natural bait and a controlled release fish attractant for application to said artificial or natural bait. Hydrolyzed protein from marine resources is not mentioned as a fish bait.
Det er imidlertid fortsatt en utfordring å fremstille slike lokkemidler som er virkelig effektive, lar seg fremstille til en lav kostnad, som har god holdbarhet, som lett lar seg påføre agnet og som ikke lett vaskes vekk fra agnet eller brytes ned, når dette befinner seg i saltvann eller ferskvann. However, it is still a challenge to produce such baits which are really effective, can be produced at a low cost, which have good durability, which can be easily applied to the bait and which are not easily washed away from the bait or decomposed once it is located in salt water or fresh water.
Formål Purpose
Det er således et formål ved foreliggende oppfinnelse å tilveiebringe et effektivt lokkemiddel for fisk og som smakstilsetning til fiskefor som er basert på organiske, lett tilgjengelige råvarer, er rimelig å fremstille, har god holdbarhet under oppbevaring kan fikseres og brukes på tilsvarende måte som naturlig agn og som løser seg langsomt opp i vann og ikke brytes for raskt ned. It is thus an aim of the present invention to provide an effective attractant for fish and as a flavoring agent for fish feed which is based on organic, easily available raw materials, is inexpensive to produce, has good durability during storage, can be fixed and used in a similar way as natural bait and which dissolve slowly in water and do not break down too quickly.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse Present invention
De ovenfor nevnte formål er oppnådd gjennom fremgangsmåten ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse som definert ved patentkrav 1. The above-mentioned purposes have been achieved through the method according to the present invention as defined by patent claim 1.
I henhold til et ytterligere aspekt angår foreliggende oppfinnelse et middel fremstilt ved ovennevnte fremgangsmåte, som definert ved patentkrav 22, samt bruk av lokkemidlet som angitt i patentkrav 23. According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to an agent produced by the above-mentioned method, as defined by patent claim 22, as well as the use of the attractant as stated in patent claim 23.
Den råvare som inngår i prosessen kan til dels skaffes i form av avfall fra fiskeforedlingsanlegg, og er derfor svært rimelig. Bruk av slikt marint, organisk materiale innebærer således løsning på et forurensningsproblem. Gjennom kontrollert hydrolyse blir aromarike stoffer frigitt fra det faste, organiske materialet og tatt opp i vann som tilsettes i en ønsket mengde. Mengden vann som tilsettes er en balanse mellom ønsket (lav) konsentrasjon og ønsket lavt energiforbruk. Selv ved en moderat oppvarming til 50 °C går det med mye energi hvis det benyttes store mengder vann. Det kan derfor være hensiktsmessig å benytte noe mindre vann enn hva som er hensiktsmessig ut ifra betraktninger om reaksjonshastighet alene. Derved kan reaktorstørrelse reduseres, og derved så vel investeringskostnadene som energiforbruket. The raw material included in the process can partly be obtained in the form of waste from fish processing facilities, and is therefore very affordable. The use of such marine, organic material thus implies a solution to a pollution problem. Through controlled hydrolysis, aromatic substances are released from the solid, organic material and taken up in water that is added in a desired amount. The amount of water added is a balance between the desired (low) concentration and the desired low energy consumption. Even with moderate heating to 50 °C, a lot of energy is used if large quantities of water are used. It may therefore be appropriate to use somewhat less water than is appropriate based on considerations of reaction speed alone. Thereby, reactor size can be reduced, and thereby investment costs as well as energy consumption.
Svært viktig er det faktum at det ved metoden fremstilte lokkemiddel er et uhyre effektivt lokkemiddel for fisk som dokumentert nedenfor. Imidlertid måtte en ytterligere utfordring overvinnes for at lokkemidlet skulle være kommersielt interessant, nemlig å gi lokkemidlet en form som tillater det å bli benyttet for en utvidet periode av tid i vann uten å bli vasket bort. Very important is the fact that the lure produced by the method is an extremely effective lure for fish as documented below. However, a further challenge had to be overcome in order for the lure to be commercially interesting, namely to give the lure a form which allows it to be used for an extended period of time in water without being washed away.
Det har vist seg at en råvare basert på marint organisk materiale, herunder spesifikt materiale fra reker og blåskjell, gir et hydrolysat som oppviser en svært positiv effekt som lokkemiddel for fisk. Tilsvarende fremstilt hydrolysat fra lodde viste liten effekt som lokkemiddel for torsk, men kan være egnet for andre fiskearter og under andre betingelser enn de testede. It has been shown that a raw material based on marine organic material, including specific material from shrimps and mussels, produces a hydrolyzate that exhibits a very positive effect as an attractant for fish. Similarly produced hydrolyzate from capelin showed little effect as an attractant for cod, but may be suitable for other fish species and under different conditions than those tested.
Egnede enzymer for hydrolyseprosessen er blant andre animalsk baserte proteaser så som trypsin, pepsin, plantebaserte proteaser så om papain, og proteaser fra mikroorganismer. Enzymene og derved hydrolyseprosessen kan være pH følsomme og bør derfor pH-reguleres for å oppnå et optimalt resultat. Hydrolyseprosesser er også temperaturavhengige og krever generelt en viss oppvarming for å forløpe optimalt, typisk en temperatur på omtrent 50 °C. Tilsvarende kan hydrolyseprosesser avbrytes ved å endre temperatur og/ eller pH til et område hvor hydrolysen stanser opp. En hydrolyseprosess som overvåkes og termineres uten å forløpe inntil den stanser av seg selv, kan betegnes som en kontrollert hydrolyse. Suitable enzymes for the hydrolysis process include animal-based proteases such as trypsin, pepsin, plant-based proteases such as papain, and proteases from microorganisms. The enzymes and thus the hydrolysis process can be pH sensitive and should therefore be pH-regulated to achieve an optimal result. Hydrolysis processes are also temperature dependent and generally require a certain amount of heating to proceed optimally, typically a temperature of approximately 50 °C. Correspondingly, hydrolysis processes can be interrupted by changing the temperature and/or pH to an area where the hydrolysis stops. A hydrolysis process that is monitored and terminated without proceeding until it stops by itself can be described as a controlled hydrolysis.
Nærmere om foreliggende oppfinnelse. More about the present invention.
I det følgende er foreliggende oppfinnelse beskrevet i mer detalj i form av ikke-begrensende utførelsesformer. In the following, the present invention is described in more detail in the form of non-limiting embodiments.
Figur 1 viser en apparatur egnet for gjennomføring av prosessen ifølge oppfinnelsen. Figure 1 shows an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention.
En råstofftank 11 inneholder råmaterialet som skal behandles. Det kan naturligvis benyttes mer enn en råstofftank, for eksempel hvis det benyttes råstoff av ulike typer. Råstoffet mates til en kvern 12 for oppdeling og derfra videre til en hydrolysebeholder eller reaktor 13 hvor råmaterialet blir tilsatt vann og varmet til en forhøyet temperatur, typisk ca. 50 °C og tilsatt enzymer. Oppholdstiden i reaktoren er typisk ca. 4 timer. Hydrolysatet blir ført videre til et grovfilter 14 som skiller fra fast materiale. Væskedelen går videre til et ultrafilter 17 som slipper gjennom molekyler som er mindre enn en gitt maksimal størrelse, for eksempel mindre enn molekylvekt 2000, noe som tilsvarer inntil ca. 20 aminosyrer i en kjede. Større molekyler kan resirkuleres for å brytes ned til kortere kjeder. Det lavmolekylære filtrat går videre til en inndamper hvor vann fjernes for å oppnå en hensiktsmessig faststoffandel i væsken som på dette stadium kan betegnes som et konsentrat. Faststoffandelen kan økes til tilnærmet 100% ved for eksempel spraytørking. Oppkonsentreringen er hensiktsmessig for å redusere transportkostnader og for å unngå mikrobiell vekst i produktet. Rett før bruk kan det være hensiktsmessig igjen å fortynne dette konsentratet. Til setning av fikseringsmiddel er ikke vist i figur 1. Figur 1 viser dessuten en inndamper 18 og beholder for ferdig produkt 19. A raw material tank 11 contains the raw material to be processed. Naturally, more than one raw material tank can be used, for example if different types of raw material are used. The raw material is fed to a grinder 12 for division and from there on to a hydrolysis container or reactor 13 where the raw material is added to water and heated to an elevated temperature, typically approx. 50 °C and added enzymes. The residence time in the reactor is typically approx. 4 hours. The hydrolyzate is passed on to a coarse filter 14 which separates from solid material. The liquid part goes on to an ultrafilter 17 which lets through molecules that are smaller than a given maximum size, for example smaller than molecular weight 2000, which corresponds to up to approx. 20 amino acids in a chain. Larger molecules can be recycled to break down into shorter chains. The low-molecular-weight filtrate goes on to an evaporator where water is removed to obtain an appropriate proportion of solids in the liquid, which at this stage can be described as a concentrate. The proportion of solids can be increased to approximately 100% by, for example, spray drying. The increased concentration is appropriate to reduce transport costs and to avoid microbial growth in the product. Just before use, it may be appropriate to dilute this concentrate again. The addition of fixing agent is not shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 also shows an evaporator 18 and container for finished product 19.
Tabell 1 nedenfor viser resultat av in- vivo forsøk utført med tre serier av lokkemiddel ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. I den første serien ble det benyttet et råmateriale bestående av lodde, i den andre serien ble det benyttet et råmateriale av reker og i den tredje serien ble det benyttet et råmateriale av blåskjell. Table 1 below shows the results of in-vivo experiments carried out with three series of bait according to the present invention. In the first series a raw material consisting of capelin was used, in the second series a raw material of prawns was used and in the third series a raw material of mussels was used.
Forsøkene ble utført på følgende måte: Råmaterialet ble behandlet i en apparatur som vist i figur 1. The experiments were carried out in the following way: The raw material was processed in an apparatus as shown in Figure 1.
Forsøkene for å dokumentere de ulike hydrolysatenes lokkeeffekt på torsk er gjort i et kar på 6m i diameter, med et vann volum på 28 m<3>hvor oppholdstiden ble registrert med video og hvor det registreres fiskeadferd i forskjellige deler av karet. Lokkemiddel som doseres er utblandet med et forhold på lml /1000 ml (hydrolysat/vann). Hydrolysat og vannet ble pumpet ut i forsøkskar med en rate på 27.8 ml/min. The experiments to document the lure effect of the various hydrolysates on cod were carried out in a vessel 6m in diameter, with a water volume of 28m<3>where the residence time was recorded with video and where fish behavior was recorded in different parts of the vessel. Bait that is dosed is mixed with a ratio of lml /1000 ml (hydrolyzate/water). Hydrolyzate and the water were pumped out into test vessels at a rate of 27.8 ml/min.
Forsøksoppsett lokkemiddel preferanse Experimental setup lure preference
1. 24 timer før forsøkstart ble enkeltfisk, til sammen 6 torsk tilført forsøkskar. 1. 24 hours before the start of the experiment, individual fish, a total of 6 cod, were added to the experimental vessel.
2. Startet med rent saltvann som tilsettes via pumpe i 20 min. 2. Started with pure salt water which is added via pump for 20 min.
3. Doserte med tilfeldig utvalgt lokkemiddel 3 ( et hydrolysat av lodde) i 20 min. 3. Dosed with randomly selected bait 3 (a hydrolyzate of capelin) for 20 min.
4. Gjennomspylte med sjøvann i 2 timer for å renes karet for lukt av lokkemiddel. 4. Flushed with seawater for 2 hours to clean the tank of the smell of bait.
5. Doserte lokkemiddel 1 ( et hydrolysat av reker) i 20 min 5. Dosed bait 1 (a hydrolyzate of shrimp) for 20 min
6. Gjennomspylte med sjøvann i 2 timer for å rense karet for lukt av lokkemiddel 6. Flushed with seawater for 2 hours to clean the tank of the smell of bait
7. Doserte med lokkemiddel 2 ( et hydrolysat av blåskjell). 7. Dosed with bait 2 (a hydrolyzate of mussels).
8. Denne prosedyren ble gjentatt med 6 torsk med tilfeldig rekkefølge på de tre hydrolysatene 8. This procedure was repeated with 6 cod with a random order of the three hydrolysates
9. Utførte forsøk med lokkemiddel i agn, som følger: 9. Carried out experiments with lure in bait, as follows:
a. Dummy agn a. Dummy bait
b. Agn med lokkemiddel 1 b. Bait with lure 1
c. Agn med lokkemiddel 2 c. Bait with lure 2
d. Agn med lokkemiddel 3 d. Bait with lure 3
Fisken tok konsekvent agn 7b, 7c. Rekkefølgen på lokkemiddel 1,2,3 blir forandret fra forsøk til forsøk. Fiskenes plassering i karet ble filmet og analysert. The fish consistently took bait 7b, 7c. The order of lure 1,2,3 is changed from trial to trial. The position of the fish in the tank was filmed and analysed.
Observasjoner ble foretatt før og etter tilsatt lokkemiddel i vann Observations were made before and after bait was added to the water
6 6
Som man ser av tabell 1 for måleserien for lodde, er det liten effekt av hydrolysatet som lokkemiddel. Når det gjelder måleserien for reker, ser vi en helt entydig og stor positiv effekt, idet fiskene i gjennomsnitt oppholdt seg 2,5 ganger så lenge i den aktuelle sektor av tanken. As can be seen from table 1 for the measurement series for capelin, there is little effect of the hydrolyzate as an attractant. When it comes to the measurement series for prawns, we see a completely clear and large positive effect, as the fish stayed on average 2.5 times as long in the relevant sector of the tank.
Endelig når det gjelder blåskjell ser vi på tilsvarende måte at hydrolysatet var effektivt som lokkemiddel, idet fiskene i gjennomsnitt oppholdt seg 35 % mer i den aktuelle sektor av tanken når lokkemiddelet var plassert der. Videre fører en tilførsel av rekehydrolysat og blåskjell hydrolysat til entydig positiv økt oppsøking (inspeksjoner) av slangeåpning der hydrolysat kommer ut i kar (tabell 1). Dette er med på å underbygge disse to hydrolysatenes betydning som særlig godt egnede lokkemiddel. Finally, when it comes to mussels, we see in a similar way that the hydrolyzate was effective as a lure, as the fish stayed on average 35% more in the relevant sector of the tank when the lure was placed there. Furthermore, a supply of shrimp hydrolyzate and mussel hydrolyzate leads to an unambiguously positive increase in searches (inspections) of hose openings where hydrolyzate comes out into vessels (table 1). This helps to underpin the importance of these two hydrolysates as particularly suitable baits.
Valg av marint råmateriale har vesentlig innflytelse på hvor godt lokkemiddelet virker overfor torsk. Det er overraskende at lodde, som er en ofte brukt agnfisk, har liten effekt som lokkemiddel overfor torsk. Virkningen av de ulike lokkemidlene overfor ulike fiskearter, i ulike omgivelser, ved ulike temperaturer, etc. kan variere, og det vil være opp til en fagmann på området, i det enkelte tilfelle å finne frem til det beste egnede råmateriale for fremstilling av lokkemiddel gjennom oppfinnelsens fremgangsmåte. The choice of marine raw material has a significant influence on how well the bait works against cod. It is surprising that capelin, which is a commonly used bait fish, has little effect as a lure against cod. The effect of the various baits on different species of fish, in different environments, at different temperatures, etc. can vary, and it will be up to an expert in the area, in each individual case, to find the best suitable raw material for the manufacture of bait through the method of the invention.
Det er ofte vilkårlig om fikseringsmidlet tilsettes lokkemidlet før eller etter at lokkemidlet fortynnes. Fikseringsmidlet bør være dispergerbart i vann og kun langsomt løsbart eller nedbrytbart i vann. Fikseringsmidlet kan ha en klebende, svellende eller fortykkende virkning eller en kombinert virkning som omfatter minst to av nevnte virkninger. It is often arbitrary whether the fixative is added to the bait before or after the bait is diluted. The fixing agent should be dispersible in water and only slowly soluble or degradable in water. The fixing agent can have an adhesive, swelling or thickening effect or a combined effect comprising at least two of the aforementioned effects.
Fikseringsmidlet er i enkelte utførelsesformer valgt fra gruppen bestående av mikrofibrillær cellulose, modifisert cellulose. In some embodiments, the fixing agent is selected from the group consisting of microfibrillar cellulose, modified cellulose.
Mikrofibrillær cellulose er beskrevet av Siro et al. ("Microfibrillated cellulose and new nanocomposite materials: a review", Cellulose (2010) 17:459-494.) Microfibrillar cellulose is described by Siro et al. ("Microfibrillated cellulose and new nanocomposite materials: a review", Cellulose (2010) 17:459-494.)
Modifisert cellulose kan være celluloseetere eller celluloseestere. Typiske eksempler er metylcellulose [9004-67-5], etylcellulose [9004-57-3], 2-hydroksyetylcellulose [9004-62-0], etylhydroksyetylcellulose [9004-58-4], hydroksypropylcellulose [9004-64-2], hydroksypropylmetylcellulose [9004-65-3], natriumkarboksymetylcellulose [9004-32-4]. Modified cellulose can be cellulose ethers or cellulose esters. Typical examples are methyl cellulose [9004-67-5], ethyl cellulose [9004-57-3], 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose [9004-62-0], ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose [9004-58-4], hydroxypropyl cellulose [9004-64-2], hydroxypropylmethylcellulose [9004-65-3], sodium carboxymethylcellulose [9004-32-4].
En annen klasse fikseringsmiddel er basert på fiskegelatin eller animalsk gelatin. Another class of fixative is based on fish gelatin or animal gelatin.
En ytterligere klasse av fikseringsmidler er basert på fossilbaserte akrylater og akrylater fra fornybare ressurser. Monomerenhetene til akrylatene er typisk valgt blant natriumakrylat [7446-81-3], isobornylakrylat [5888-33-5], 3-sulfopropylakrylat kaliumsalt [31098-20-1], 2-(dimetyl)aminoetylakrylat [2439-35-2], 2-karboksyetylakrylat [24615-84-7], hydroksypropylakrylat 7 A further class of fixatives is based on fossil-based acrylates and acrylates from renewable resources. The monomer units of the acrylates are typically selected from sodium acrylate [7446-81-3], isobornyl acrylate [5888-33-5], 3-sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt [31098-20-1], 2-(dimethyl)aminoethyl acrylate [2439-35-2] , 2-carboxyethyl acrylate [24615-84-7], hydroxypropyl acrylate 7
[25584-83-2], hydroksyetylakrylat [818-61-1], 4- hydroksybutylakrylat [2478-10-6], poly(etylenglykol)metyleterakrylat [32171-39-4], poly(propylenglykol)metyleterakrylat [50858-51-0] og tetrahydrofurfurylakrylat [2399-48-6]. Akrylater med flere enn én akryldobbelbinding per akrylatmolekyl kan kryssbindes og dermed gi lokkemidlet en form som tillater det å bli benyttet for en utvidet periode av tid i vann uten å bli vasket bort. Lignende gjelder for andre komponenter i fikseringsmiddelet med flere enn én polymeriserbar dobbelbinding per molekyl og som kan kryssbindes ved i og for seg kjente betingelser. [25584-83-2], hydroxyethyl acrylate [818-61-1], 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate [2478-10-6], poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate [32171-39-4], poly(propylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate [50858-51 -0] and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate [2399-48-6]. Acrylates with more than one acrylic double bond per acrylate molecule can be cross-linked and thus give the attractant a form that allows it to be used for an extended period of time in water without being washed away. The same applies to other components of the fixing agent with more than one polymerisable double bond per molecule and which can be cross-linked under conditions known per se.
Nok en klasse fikseringsmidler er basert på polyhedrale oligomere silsesquioxaner (POSS). Dette er en klasse forbindelser som typisk kan være kjennetegnet ved den generelle strukturformel: Another class of fixatives is based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). This is a class of compounds that can typically be characterized by the general structural formula:
n = 0-12, y = partall 8 - 20 n = 0-12, y = even 8 - 20
x = 0 - 20,R<1>,R<2>= H eller organisk substituent valgt blant hydroksyl, kondensasjonsprodukter eller addisjonsprodukter av en eller flere typer kjemiske forbindelser valgt blant syrer, alkoholer, fenoler, aminer, aldehyder og epoksider, ikke substituert mettet Cl-C24-alkyl, ikke substituert umettet Cl-C24-alkyl, substituert mettet Cl-C24-alkyl, substituert umettet Cl-C24-alkyl, substituert aryl, ikke substituert aryl, ikke substituert alifatisk karbonyl, ikke substituert aromatisk karbonyl, substituert alifatisk karbonyl, substituert aromatisk karbonyl idet i karbonkjedene av nevnte forbindelser eventuelt ett eller flere karbonatomer er erstattet av elementene oksygen, nitrogen, svovel. POSS er beskrevet av Cordes et al. ("Recent developments in the chemistry of cubic polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes", Chem Rev (2010) 110:2081-2173) og Månnle et al. x = 0 - 20,R<1>,R<2>= H or organic substituent selected from hydroxyl, condensation products or addition products of one or more types of chemical compounds selected from acids, alcohols, phenols, amines, aldehydes and epoxides, unsubstituted saturated C1-C24 alkyl, unsubstituted unsaturated C1-C24 alkyl, substituted saturated C1-C24 alkyl, substituted unsaturated C1-C24 alkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted aliphatic carbonyl, unsubstituted aromatic carbonyl, substituted aliphatic carbonyl, substituted aromatic carbonyl in that in the carbon chains of said compounds one or more carbon atoms are possibly replaced by the elements oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur. POSS is described by Cordes et al. ("Recent developments in the chemistry of cubic polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes", Chem Rev (2010) 110:2081-2173) and Månnle et al.
("Polymer nanocomposite coatings based on polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes: route for industrial manufacturing and barrier properties", Journal of Nanoparticle Research (2011) 13:4691-4701). ("Polymer nanocomposite coatings based on polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes: route for industrial manufacturing and barrier properties", Journal of Nanoparticle Research (2011) 13:4691-4701).
Også termoplaster kan være egnet som fikseringsmiddel, så som for eksempel polyestere, polyamider, polyesteramider, polyuretaner. Thermoplastics can also be suitable as a fixing agent, such as, for example, polyesters, polyamides, polyesteramides, polyurethanes.
Videre kan herdeplaster være egnet som fikseringsmiddel, så som for eksempel kryssbundne polyestere, epoksider, polyuretaner. Furthermore, thermosets can be suitable as a fixing agent, such as, for example, cross-linked polyesters, epoxides, polyurethanes.
Endelig kan det benyttes en hvilken som helst kombinasjon av to eller flere av de ovenfor nevnte klasser av fikseringsmiddel. Finally, any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned classes of fixing agent can be used.
8 1. Fortykningsmidlene i form av svellbare polymere som under svelling opptar lokkemiddelet. 8 1. The thickeners in the form of swellable polymers which absorb the bait during swelling.
Følgende polymer materialer har blitt tilberedt til å demonstrere visse aspekter eller utførelsesformer av denne oppfinnelsen: Polymer 1: Polv(akrylsvre-co-natriumakrvlat) 2 mol % kryssbundet ved The following polymeric materials have been prepared to demonstrate certain aspects or embodiments of this invention: Polymer 1: Polv(acrylic acid-co-sodium acrylic acid) 2 mol% cross-linked by
N,N'-methylenebis(akrylamid) N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide)
Polymer 2: Polv(akrvlsvre-co-Natriumakrylat) 1.5 mol % kryssbundet ved N,N'-methylenebis(akrylamid) Polymer 2: Poly(acrylic acid-co-Sodium acrylate) 1.5 mol % cross-linked by N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide)
Polymer 3: PoMakrylsyre-co-Natriumakrvlat) 1 mol % kryssbundet ved Polymer 3: PoMacrylic acid-co-Sodium acrvlate) 1 mol % cross-linked by
N,N'-methylenebis(akrylamid) N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide)
Polymer 4: Mikrofibrillert cellulose (MFC) forsterket poly (akryl acid-co-natriumakrylat), 1 mol % kryssbundet ved N,N'-methylenebis(akrylamid) Polymer 4: Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) reinforced poly(acrylic acid-co-sodium acrylate), 1 mol % cross-linked by N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide)
la. tilberedelse av polymer 1: let. preparation of polymer 1:
10 g av akrylsyre (AA) ble delvis nøytralisert ved 41.6 g av 2 M NaOH-løsning for å få 60% nøytralisering grad. Denne prosessen ble utført i en isbad med kontinuerlig omrøring for å hindre selv-polymerisering av akrylsyre. 10 g of acrylic acid (AA) was partially neutralized by 41.6 g of 2 M NaOH solution to obtain 60% neutralization degree. This process was carried out in an ice bath with continuous stirring to prevent self-polymerization of acrylic acid.
Etter nøytralisering ble ovenfor lagete løsning lastet inn en bredhalset kolbe, i hvilken 0,4 g N,N'-methylenebis(akrylamid) og 13,4 g vann ble innført. Omrøring ble gjennomført med magnetrører for å få en homogen løsning. Blandingen ble gjennomstrømmet med N2i 30 min før den ble varmet opp til 70 °C. Når temperaturen nådde 70 °C, ble ammonium persulfat (0,1 g av ammonium persulfat oppløst i 5 g av vann) injisert i den vandig løsning for å starte polymerisasjonen. Reaksjonsblandingen ble holdt på 70±0,5 °C under N2atmosfære i 3 timer etter injeksjon av initiatoren. Omrøring ble stoppet når reaksjonsblandingen gelet. Etter 3 timer ble produktet skyllet grundig med vann, og deretter vakuumtørket for å fjerne løsemiddelet. After neutralization, the solution made above was loaded into a wide-necked flask, into which 0.4 g of N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) and 13.4 g of water were introduced. Stirring was carried out with magnetic stirrers to obtain a homogeneous solution. The mixture was flushed with N2i for 30 min before being heated to 70 °C. When the temperature reached 70 °C, ammonium persulfate (0.1 g of ammonium persulfate dissolved in 5 g of water) was injected into the aqueous solution to start the polymerization. The reaction mixture was kept at 70±0.5 °C under N2 atmosphere for 3 hours after injection of the initiator. Stirring was stopped when the reaction mixture gelled. After 3 hours, the product was rinsed thoroughly with water, and then vacuum dried to remove the solvent.
Avionisert vann ble brukt gjennom hele prosessen. Deionized water was used throughout the process.
IB. tilberedelse av polymer 2: IB. preparation of polymer 2:
10 g av akrylsyre (AA) ble delvis nøytralisert ved 41.6 g av 2 M NaOH-løsning for å få 60% nøytralisering grad. Denne prosessen ble utført i en isbadet med kontinuerlig under omrøring for å hindre selvpolymerisering av akrylsyre. 10 g of acrylic acid (AA) was partially neutralized by 41.6 g of 2 M NaOH solution to obtain 60% neutralization degree. This process was carried out in an ice bath with continuous stirring to prevent self-polymerization of acrylic acid.
Etter nøytralisering ble ovenfor lagete løsning lastet inn en bredhalset kolbe, i hvilken 0,3 g N,N'-methylenebis(akrylamid) og 13,4 g vann ble innført. Omrøring ble gjennomført med magnetrører for å få en homogen løsning. Blandingen ble gjennomstrømmet med N2i 30 min før den ble 9 After neutralization, the solution made above was loaded into a wide-necked flask, into which 0.3 g of N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) and 13.4 g of water were introduced. Stirring was carried out with magnetic stirrers to obtain a homogeneous solution. The mixture was flushed with N2i for 30 min before becoming 9
varmet opp til 70 °C. Når temperaturen nådde 70 °C, ble ammonium persulfat (0,1 g av ammonium persulfat oppløst i 5 g av vann) injisert i den vandig løsning for å starte polymerisasjonen. Reaksjonsblandingen ble holdt på 70±0,5 °C under N2atmosfære i 3 timer etter injeksjon av initiatoren. Omrøring ble stoppet når reaksjonsblandingen gelet. Etter 3 timer ble produktet skyllet grundig med vann, og deretter vakuumtørket for å fjerne løsemiddelet. heated to 70 °C. When the temperature reached 70 °C, ammonium persulfate (0.1 g of ammonium persulfate dissolved in 5 g of water) was injected into the aqueous solution to start the polymerization. The reaction mixture was kept at 70±0.5 °C under N2 atmosphere for 3 hours after injection of the initiator. Stirring was stopped when the reaction mixture gelled. After 3 hours, the product was rinsed thoroughly with water, and then vacuum dried to remove the solvent.
Avionisert vann ble brukt gjennom ut hele prosessen. Deionized water was used throughout the entire process.
1 c. tilberedelse av polymer 3: 1 c. preparation of polymer 3:
10 g av akryl acid(AA) ble delvis nøytralisert ved 41.6 g av 2 M NaOH-løsning for å få 60% nøytralisering grad. Denne prosessen ble utført i en isbadet med kontinuerlig under omrøring for å hindre selvpolymerisering av akrylsyre. 10 g of acrylic acid (AA) was partially neutralized by 41.6 g of 2 M NaOH solution to obtain a 60% neutralization degree. This process was carried out in an ice bath with continuous stirring to prevent self-polymerization of acrylic acid.
Etter nøytralisering ble ovenfor lagete løsning lastet inn en bredhalset kolbe, i hvilken 0,2 g N,N'-methylenebis(akrylamid) og 13,4 g vann ble innført. Omrøring ble gjennomført med magnetrører for å få en homogen løsning. Blandingen ble gjennomstrømmet med N2i 30 min før den ble varmet opp til 70 °C. Når temperaturen nådde 70 °C, ble ammonium persulfat (0,1 g av ammonium persulfat oppløst i 5 g av vann) injisert i den vandig løsning for å starte polymerisasjonen. Reaksjonsblandingen ble holdt på 70±0,5 °C under N2atmosfære i 3 timer etter injeksjon av initiatoren. Omrøring ble stoppet når reaksjonsblandingen gelet. Etter 3 timer ble produktet skyllet grundig med vann, og deretter vakuumtørket for å fjerne løsemiddelet. After neutralization, the solution made above was loaded into a wide-necked flask, into which 0.2 g of N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) and 13.4 g of water were introduced. Stirring was carried out with magnetic stirrers to obtain a homogeneous solution. The mixture was flushed with N2i for 30 min before being heated to 70 °C. When the temperature reached 70 °C, ammonium persulfate (0.1 g of ammonium persulfate dissolved in 5 g of water) was injected into the aqueous solution to start the polymerization. The reaction mixture was kept at 70±0.5 °C under N2 atmosphere for 3 hours after injection of the initiator. Stirring was stopped when the reaction mixture gelled. After 3 hours, the product was rinsed thoroughly with water, and then vacuum dried to remove the solvent.
Avionisert vann ble brukt gjennom hele prosessen. Deionized water was used throughout the process.
1 d. tilberedelse av polymer 4: 1 d. preparation of polymer 4:
10 g av akryl acid(AA) ble delvis nøytralisert av konsentrert NaOH-løsning for å få 60% nøytralisering grad. Konsentrert NaOH løsningen ble laget ved å oppløsende 3,3 g NaOH i 15 g avionisert vann. Nøytralisering prosessen ble utført under omrøring i en isbadet for å hindre selvpolymerisering av akrylsyre. 10 g of acrylic acid (AA) was partially neutralized by concentrated NaOH solution to obtain a 60% neutralization degree. The concentrated NaOH solution was made by dissolving 3.3 g of NaOH in 15 g of deionized water. The neutralization process was carried out with stirring in an ice bath to prevent self-polymerization of acrylic acid.
Den ovenfor tilberedte 28.3 g akrylsyre/natriumakrylat løsning ble lastet inn en bredhalset kolbe, i hvilken 0.2 g N,N'-methylenebis(akrylamid) ble innført. Etter at alt N,N-methylenebis(akrylamid) var løst, ble 50 g av 1% dispersjon av MFC i vann tilsatt i kolben. Blandingen ble kraftig rørt med en magnetrører for å få en homogen spredning. Blandingen ble gjennomstrømmet med N2i 30 min før den ble varmet opp til 70 °C. Når temperaturen når 70 °C, ble ammonium persulfat (0,1 g av ammonium persulfat oppløst i 5 g av vann) injisert i den vandige løsning for å starte polymerisasjonen. Reaksjonsblandingen ble holdt på 70+0,5 °C under N2atmosfære i 3 timer etter 10 The 28.3 g of acrylic acid/sodium acrylate solution prepared above was charged into a wide-necked flask, into which 0.2 g of N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) was introduced. After all the N,N-methylenebis(acrylamide) had dissolved, 50 g of a 1% dispersion of MFC in water was added to the flask. The mixture was vigorously stirred with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a homogeneous dispersion. The mixture was flushed with N2i for 30 min before being heated to 70 °C. When the temperature reaches 70 °C, ammonium persulfate (0.1 g of ammonium persulfate dissolved in 5 g of water) was injected into the aqueous solution to start the polymerization. The reaction mixture was kept at 70+0.5 °C under N2 atmosphere for 3 h after 10
injeksjon av initiatoren. Omrøring ble stoppet når reaksjonsblandingen gelet. Etter 3 timer bleproduktet skyllet grundig med vann, og deretter vakuumtørket å fjerne løsemiddelet. injection of the initiator. Stirring was stopped when the reaction mixture gelled. After 3 hours, the product was rinsed thoroughly with water, and then vacuum dried to remove the solvent.
Avionisert vann ble brukt gjennom hele prosessen. Deionized water was used throughout the process.
le. tørking varm av polymerene 1-4 laugh. hot drying of the polymers 1-4
Polymerene 1-4 ble støpt i stenger av typisk diameter 20 mm og skåret i biter av typisk lengde 10 mm. Bitene ble tørket i et oppvarmet vakuumkammer på 50 °C og 20 mbar i 48 timer. Polymerene 1-4 krympet betraktelig. Polymers 1-4 were cast into bars of typical diameter 20 mm and cut into pieces of typical length 10 mm. The pieces were dried in a heated vacuum chamber at 50 °C and 20 mbar for 48 hours. Polymers 1-4 shrank considerably.
lf. svelling av polymerene 1-4 lf. swelling of the polymers 1-4
Tørket polymerene 1-4 er nedsenket i destillert vann i 15 minutter. Polymerene 1-4 svellet betraktelig. Graden av svelling måles som vann opptak etter 15 minutter sammenlignet med tørr vekt av den respektive polymerkvalitet. Resultatene vises i tabell 1: The dried polymers 1-4 are immersed in distilled water for 15 minutes. Polymers 1-4 swelled considerably. The degree of swelling is measured as water absorption after 15 minutes compared to the dry weight of the respective polymer quality. The results are shown in Table 1:
Vannopptak under svellingøker med synkende mengde kryssbinding. Vann som brukes for svelling kan erstattes av hveteprotein fra marine råvarer for å tilberede lokkemiddel for fisk i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Water uptake during swelling increases with decreasing amount of cross-linking. Water used for swelling can be replaced by wheat protein from marine raw materials to prepare bait for fish according to the invention.
1 g. mekanisk testing av polymerer 1-4 1 g. mechanical testing of polymers 1-4
De svellede polymerene 1-4 ble holdt ved romtemperatur i en lukket polypropylen beholder i 16 timer. Et hull av ca 3 mm diameter ble boret inn i eksempler på polymerer 1-4, og prøvene ble plassert på en spiker arrangert utenfor sentrum av en roterende plate. Avstanden mellom topp og sentrum aksen var 70 mm. Platen er rotert i 1 minutt på 100 [Rpm]. Etterpå ble rotasjonsfrekvens økt med 100 [Rpm] og hold i ett minutt. Rotasjonsfrekvensenøkes trinnvis ved å gjenta det siste trinnet før polymer prøven bryter og forlater den roterende plate. Den maksimal oppnådde rotasjonsfrekvensen noteres som resultat. Resultatene vises i tabell 2: The swollen polymers 1-4 were kept at room temperature in a closed polypropylene container for 16 hours. A hole of approximately 3 mm diameter was drilled into samples of polymers 1-4, and the samples were placed on a nail arranged off-center of a rotating plate. The distance between the top and the center axis was 70 mm. The plate is rotated for 1 minute at 100 [Rpm]. Afterwards, the rotation frequency was increased by 100 [Rpm] and held for one minute. The rotation frequency is increased step by step by repeating the last step before the polymer sample breaks and leaves the rotating plate. The maximum rotation frequency achieved is recorded as a result. The results are shown in Table 2:
Alle prøver viser høy mekanisk stabilitet under de anvendte forhold. Prøven forsterket med All samples show high mechanical stability under the conditions used. The sample reinforced with
MFC viser høyest mekanisk stabilitet. Samtidig viser prøven forsterket med MFC det høyeste vannopptaket under svellingen. Lokkemiddel i henhold til oppfinnelsen med forholdsvis lav kjemisk kryssbinding og innlemmelse av lett nedbrytbart MFC har meget gode forutsetninger for å kunne raskt brytes ned i sjøvann eller ferskvann etter bruk som lokkemiddel. 2. Fremstilling av fiksert lokkemiddel ved UV-indusert eller peroksidindusert kryssbinding På lignende måte som under la.-Id ble det forsøkt å lage lokkemiddel med fikseringsmiddel ved hjelp av akrylater og delvis ved hjelp av mikrofibrillær cellulose. Vann i oppskriften under la.-Id. ble delvis erstattet med lokkemiddel for å oppnå forskjellige lokkemiddelkonsentrasjoner i det fikserte lokkemiddelet. Samme peroksid som under la.-Id., ble brukt i halvparten av eksemplene. MFC shows the highest mechanical stability. At the same time, the sample reinforced with MFC shows the highest water absorption during swelling. Bait according to the invention with relatively low chemical cross-linking and incorporation of easily degradable MFC has very good prerequisites for being able to quickly break down in seawater or fresh water after use as bait. 2. Production of fixed bait by UV-induced or peroxide-induced cross-linking In a similar way as under la.-Id, an attempt was made to make bait with a fixing agent by means of acrylates and partly by means of microfibrillar cellulose. Water in the recipe under la.-Id. was partially replaced with bait to obtain different bait concentrations in the fixed bait. The same peroxide as under la.-Id., was used in half of the examples.
I den andre halvparten ble UV-herding brukt. UV-herdingen ble gjennomført med en UV-kilde av typen Dymax Light Curing Systems (USA), Model 1200 Focused Beam, UV-A (365 nm) med typisk effekt på 375 mW/cm<2>.Som initiator ble 0.5% Irgacure 1800 (BASF, DE) brukt. Initiatoren ble tilsatt akrylblandingene som løsning i 2-butoksyetanol (10% w/w). In the other half, UV curing was used. The UV curing was carried out with a UV source of the type Dymax Light Curing Systems (USA), Model 1200 Focused Beam, UV-A (365 nm) with a typical effect of 375 mW/cm<2>. As initiator, 0.5% Irgacure was 1800 (BASF, DE) used. The initiator was added to the acrylic mixtures as a solution in 2-butoxyethanol (10% w/w).
Det kommer tydelig frem at valg av metode for utherding, type lokkemiddel, lokkemiddel tørrstoff i formuleringen og tilstedeværelse av MFC har betydelig innflytelse på om fiksert lokkemiddel i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles. Stor mengde lokkemiddel tørrstoff så som 20,8% hindrer gelingen og dermed fremstillingen av fiksert lokkemiddel i henhold til oppfinnelsen. It is clear that the choice of method for curing, type of bait, bait dry matter in the formulation and the presence of MFC have a significant influence on whether fixed bait according to the invention can be produced. A large amount of bait dry substance such as 20.8% prevents gelation and thus the production of fixed bait according to the invention.
12 12
3. Fremstilling av fiksert lokkemiddel ved hjelp av gelatin og MFC 3. Preparation of fixed bait using gelatin and MFC
3a. 3a.
0,5 g gelatin (Gelatin, Type A: fra Procine hud, kjøpt fra Sigma) ble blandet sammen med 4,25 g vann. Blandingen ble varmet opp i et vannbad på 70 °C under kontinuerlig omrøring. Etter at gelatinpulveret er helt oppløst i vann og en gjennomsiktig løsning oppnådd, ble 0,25 g lokkemiddel 1 (løsemiddel vann, 40% tørrstoff) tilsatt gelatinoppløsning, og 5 g mikrofibrillert cellulose (1,66% dispersjon i vann, levert fra Borregaard (NO), batch nr: H205NN212, kvalitet "normal") ble langsomt tilsatt løsningen. Blandingen ble rørt kraftig med magnetrører inntil en homogen blanding ble oppnådd. Blandingen ble deretter avkjølt til romtemperatur og en gel som inneholder 5 vekt% gelatin, 1 vekt% lokkemiddel 1 og 0,83 vekt% MFC. 0.5 g of gelatin (Gelatin, Type A: from Procine skin, purchased from Sigma) was mixed with 4.25 g of water. The mixture was heated in a water bath at 70 °C with continuous stirring. After the gelatin powder has completely dissolved in water and a transparent solution is obtained, 0.25 g of attractant 1 (solvent water, 40% solids) was added to the gelatin solution, and 5 g of microfibrillated cellulose (1.66% dispersion in water, supplied from Borregaard ( NO), batch no: H205NN212, quality "normal") was slowly added to the solution. The mixture was stirred vigorously with a magnetic stirrer until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and a gel containing 5 wt% gelatin, 1 wt% attractant 1 and 0.83 wt% MFC.
3b. 3b.
0,5 g gelatin (Gelatin, Type A: fra Procine hud, kjøpt fra Sigma) ble blandet sammen med 4,25 g vann. Blandingen ble varmet opp i et vannbad på 70 °C under kontinuerlig omrøring. Etter at gelatinpulveret er helt oppløst i vann og en gjennomsiktig løsning oppnådd, ble 0,25 g lokkemiddel 2 (løsemiddel vann, 40% tørrstoff) tilsatt gelatinoppløsning, og 5 g mikrofibrillert cellulose (1,66% dispersjon i vann, levert fra Borregaard (NO), batch nr: H205NN212, kvalitet "normal") ble langsomt tilsatt løsningen. Blandingen ble rørt kraftig med magnetrører inntil en homogen blanding ble oppnådd. Blandingen ble deretter avkjølt til romtemperatur og en gel som inneholder 5 vekt% gelatin, 1 vekt% lokkemiddel 2 og 0,83 vekt% MFC. 0.5 g of gelatin (Gelatin, Type A: from Procine skin, purchased from Sigma) was mixed with 4.25 g of water. The mixture was heated in a water bath at 70 °C with continuous stirring. After the gelatin powder has completely dissolved in water and a transparent solution is obtained, 0.25 g of attractant 2 (solvent water, 40% solids) was added to the gelatin solution, and 5 g of microfibrillated cellulose (1.66% dispersion in water, supplied from Borregaard ( NO), batch no: H205NN212, quality "normal") was slowly added to the solution. The mixture was stirred vigorously with a magnetic stirrer until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and a gel containing 5 wt% gelatin, 1 wt% attractant 2 and 0.83 wt% MFC.
3c. 3c.
0,3 g gelatin (Gelatina, 24411500, Norsk Medisinaldepot/Ni, 10/96) ble blandet sammen med 4,25 g vann. Blandingen ble varmet opp i et vannbad på 70 °C under kontinuerlig omrøring. Etter at gelatinpulveret er helt oppløst i vann og en gjennomsiktig løsning oppnådd, ble 0,25 g lokkemiddel 1 (løsemiddel vann, 40% tørrstoff) tilsatt gelatinoppløsning, og 5 g mikrofibrillert cellulose (1,66% dispersjon i vann, levert fra Borregaard (NO), batch nr: H205NN212, kvalitet "normal") ble langsomt tilsatt løsningen. Blandingen ble rørt kraftig med magnetrører inntil en homogen blanding ble oppnådd. Blandingen ble deretter avkjølt til romtemperatur og en gel som inneholder 5 vekt% gelatin, 1 vekt% lokkemiddel 1 og 0,83 vekt% MFC. 0.3 g of gelatin (Gelatina, 24411500, Norsk Medisinaldepot/Ni, 10/96) was mixed together with 4.25 g of water. The mixture was heated in a water bath at 70 °C with continuous stirring. After the gelatin powder has completely dissolved in water and a transparent solution is obtained, 0.25 g of attractant 1 (solvent water, 40% solids) was added to the gelatin solution, and 5 g of microfibrillated cellulose (1.66% dispersion in water, supplied from Borregaard ( NO), batch no: H205NN212, quality "normal") was slowly added to the solution. The mixture was stirred vigorously with a magnetic stirrer until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and a gel containing 5 wt% gelatin, 1 wt% attractant 1 and 0.83 wt% MFC.
3d. 3d.
0,3 g gelatin (Gelatina, 24411500, Norsk Medisinaldepot/Ni, 10/96) ble blandet sammen med 4,25 g vann. Blandingen ble varmet opp i et vannbad på 70 °C under kontinuerlig omrøring. Etter at gelatinpulveret er helt oppløst i vann og en gjennomsiktig løsning oppnådd, ble 0,25 g lokkemiddel 2 (løsemiddel vann, 40% tørrstoff) tilsatt gelatinoppløsning, og 5 g mikrofibrillær cellulose (1,66% 0.3 g of gelatin (Gelatina, 24411500, Norsk Medisinaldepot/Ni, 10/96) was mixed together with 4.25 g of water. The mixture was heated in a water bath at 70 °C with continuous stirring. After the gelatin powder is completely dissolved in water and a transparent solution is obtained, 0.25 g of attractant 2 (solvent water, 40% solids) was added to the gelatin solution, and 5 g of microfibrillar cellulose (1.66%
dispersjon i vann, levert fra Borregaard (NO), batch nr: H205NN212, kvalitet "normal") ble langsomt tilsatt løsningen. Blandingen ble rørt kraftig med magnetrører inntil en homogen blanding ble oppnådd. Blandingen ble deretter avkjølt til romtemperatur og en gel som inneholder 5 vekt% gelatin, 1 vekt% lokkemiddel 2 og 0,83 vekt% MFC. dispersion in water, supplied from Borregaard (NO), batch no: H205NN212, quality "normal") was slowly added to the solution. The mixture was stirred vigorously with a magnetic stirrer until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and a gel containing 5 wt% gelatin, 1 wt% attractant 2 and 0.83 wt% MFC.
Lokkemiddelet i 3a.-3d. fylles på engangssprøyter med volum 5 ml og presses ut av sprøytespissen til en streng med ca. 2 mm diameter. Strengen har god heft mot forskjellige overflater, deriblant stål. For å teste heften ble en streng på ca. 1 cm lengde satt på den ene enden av en spatel laget av rustfritt stål med lengde 12 cm. Spatelen blir med den andre enden spent inn i en rotasjonsakselen på en motor og rotert med 300 omdreininger per minutt. Lokkemiddelet i 3a.-3d. sitter fast på spatelen. The lure in 3a.-3d. filled into disposable syringes with a volume of 5 ml and squeezed out of the syringe tip into a string with approx. 2 mm diameter. The string has good adhesion to various surfaces, including steel. To test the booklet, a string of approx. 1 cm length put on one end of a spatula made of stainless steel with length 12 cm. The spatula is clamped with the other end into a rotation shaft of a motor and rotated at 300 revolutions per minute. The lure in 3a.-3d. stuck to the spatula.
Fire spateler med lokkemiddel fra 3a.-3d. senkes ned i fire begerglass med ca. 1 liter ferskvann hver. Det observeres om lokkemiddelet løsner fra spatelen med jevne mellomrom. Etter 72 timer sitter alle lokkemidler fra 3a.-3d. fortsatt fast på spatiene. Four spatulas with bait from 3a.-3d. is lowered into four beakers with approx. 1 liter of fresh water each. It is observed whether the bait detaches from the spatula at regular intervals. After 72 hours, all lures from 3a.-3d sit. still stuck on the spaces.
Eksemplene viser at fikserte lokkemidler i henhold til oppfinnelsen oppfyller viktige krav til bruk i sportsfiske og industriell fiske. The examples show that fixed lures according to the invention meet important requirements for use in sport fishing and industrial fishing.
Når det gjelder lokkemidlet og smakstilsetning ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, kan dette gis mange ulike former og konsistenser og det vil være opp til fagmannen å velge form, konsentrasjon og konsistens ut ifra erfaring. Som allerede nevnt er det like velegnet til sportsfiske som yrkesfiske. Blant noen foretrukne eksempler kan nevnes: som lokkemiddel,smakstilsetning og næringsstoff kilde i startfor til marine fiskelarver og yngel, som torsk, kveite, leppefisk og rognkjeks, When it comes to the attractant and flavoring according to the present invention, this can be given many different forms and consistencies and it will be up to the person skilled in the art to choose form, concentration and consistency based on experience. As already mentioned, it is equally suitable for sport fishing as commercial fishing. Among some preferred examples can be mentioned: as an attractant, flavoring agent and nutrient source in starter feed for marine fish larvae and fry, such as cod, halibut, wrasse and roe crackers,
langtidsvirkende lokkemiddel i teinefiske etterforsk, sei, hyse, kongekrabbe, hummer, taskekrabbe, sjøkreps, long-acting lure in tench fishing, pollock, pollock, haddock, king crab, lobster, pocket crab, crayfish,
lokkemiddel på garn for å øke fangstene, bait on nets to increase catches,
lokkemiddel på krok under juksafiske for å øke fangst mengden, bait on the hook during cheat fishing to increase the amount of catch,
lokkemiddel for å lokke spisende fisk over fra en fiskemerd til neste med tanke på sortering av spisende fra ikke spisende villfanget fisk som torsk, sei og hyse, bait for luring eating fish over from one fish cage to the next with a view to sorting edible from non-edible wild-caught fish such as cod, pollock and haddock,
til kamuflering av negativ smak av medisinfor, for å få fisken til å ta til seg medisinfor, lokkemiddel i for til stamfisk, laksesmolt, laks i sjø ved lave temperaturer for å stimulert økt forinntak. for camouflaging the negative taste of medicated bait, to make the fish take to medicated bait, bait in bait for broodstock, salmon smolt, salmon in sea at low temperatures to stimulate increased initial intake.
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20130107A NO341641B1 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2013-01-17 | Fishing lure lure and method for its preparation |
EP14740218.4A EP2945478A4 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2014-01-17 | Fish attractant composition |
PCT/NO2014/050009 WO2014112884A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2014-01-17 | Fish attractant composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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NO20130107A NO341641B1 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2013-01-17 | Fishing lure lure and method for its preparation |
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NO20130107A1 true NO20130107A1 (en) | 2014-07-18 |
NO341641B1 NO341641B1 (en) | 2017-12-18 |
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NO20130107A NO341641B1 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2013-01-17 | Fishing lure lure and method for its preparation |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP2945478A4 (en) |
NO (1) | NO341641B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014112884A1 (en) |
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CN106359325A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-01 | 武汉明天生物科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly and high-efficient silver carp attractant and preparation method thereof |
CN106721536A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 大连海洋大学 | One kind coating sea salt and preparation method thereof |
CN108496924A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-09-07 | 哈尔滨伟平科技开发有限公司 | A kind of production method of the bait of fishing crucian |
KR102071192B1 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2020-01-29 | 송태원 | Manufacturing method of adhesive bait using cereals and marine life |
Family Cites Families (15)
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JPH0616684B2 (en) * | 1985-05-14 | 1994-03-09 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | Fish feed manufacturing method |
US4666717A (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-05-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Long life semi-artificial bait |
JPS6349033A (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1988-03-01 | 株式会社 ロ−マン工業 | Scattering bait |
US4976973A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1990-12-11 | Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K. | Process for producing protein-rich fish meal and fish oil |
JPH02113859A (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1990-04-26 | Nitto Denko Corp | Production of protein hydrolyzate |
US4927643A (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1990-05-22 | Orazio Vincent T D | Soluble fish-attractant coating, coated lure, and coating composition and method |
US6555155B2 (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 2003-04-29 | Biozyme Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for harvesting, digestion and dehydrating of krill hydrolysates and co-drying and processing of such hydrolysates |
ES2211646T3 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2004-07-16 | Nordur Ehf | HYDROLYZES OF PROTEINS PRODUCED WITH THE USE OF MARINE PROTEASES. |
US6753004B2 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2004-06-22 | Auburn University | Biodegradable fishing lure and material |
PE20040320A1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2004-06-26 | Novozymes As | FOOD COMPOSITION THAT INCLUDES HYDROLYZED FISH PROTEINS AND METHOD TO OBTAIN IT |
US20060099305A1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-05-11 | Lee Chong M | Bioproduction of hydrolysate from squid processing byproducts for aquaculture feed ingredient and organic fertilizer |
US20070036746A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | Hester Roger D | Water-degradable fishing lure |
CN102232536A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-09 | 福建省水产研究所 | Seafood seasoning and preparation method thereof |
CN103385351B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-31 | 舟山市普陀海洋高科技创业中心有限公司 | Artificial mixed bait for portunus trituberculatus and preparation method thereof |
CN103315181B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-11-19 | 荣成宏业实业有限公司 | Shrimp and crab bait preparing from scallop zymolyte and preparing method thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-01-17 NO NO20130107A patent/NO341641B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-01-17 EP EP14740218.4A patent/EP2945478A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-01-17 WO PCT/NO2014/050009 patent/WO2014112884A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014112884A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
EP2945478A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
NO341641B1 (en) | 2017-12-18 |
EP2945478A4 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
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