NO176418B - Soft composite material with modular characteristics and a product obtained by composite material - Google Patents

Soft composite material with modular characteristics and a product obtained by composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
NO176418B
NO176418B NO902668A NO902668A NO176418B NO 176418 B NO176418 B NO 176418B NO 902668 A NO902668 A NO 902668A NO 902668 A NO902668 A NO 902668A NO 176418 B NO176418 B NO 176418B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
powder
composite material
material according
soft
sleeve
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Application number
NO902668A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO902668D0 (en
NO902668L (en
NO176418C (en
Inventor
Michel Leone
Robert Carbone
Roland Ganga
Original Assignee
Atochem
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Application filed by Atochem filed Critical Atochem
Publication of NO902668D0 publication Critical patent/NO902668D0/en
Publication of NO902668L publication Critical patent/NO902668L/en
Publication of NO176418B publication Critical patent/NO176418B/en
Publication of NO176418C publication Critical patent/NO176418C/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/14Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length of filaments or wires
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/542Placing or positioning the reinforcement in a covering or packaging element before or during moulding, e.g. drawing in a sleeve
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/58Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres
    • B29C70/66Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres the filler comprising hollow constituents, e.g. syntactic foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16Fillers
    • B29K2105/165Hollow fillers, e.g. microballoons or expanded particles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/237Noninterengaged fibered material encased [e.g., mat, batt, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2927Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2958Metal or metal compound in coating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964Artificial fiber or filament
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967Synthetic resin or polymer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y10T428/2969Polyamide, polyimide or polyester

Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår et mykt komposittmateriale hvis karakteristika kan moduleres og som oppnås ved forimpregnering av kontinuerlige fibre. The present invention relates to a soft composite material whose characteristics can be modulated and which is achieved by pre-impregnation of continuous fibres.

Oppfinnelsen angår videre et produkt oppnådd ved hjelp av dette myke komposittmateriale. The invention further relates to a product obtained using this soft composite material.

Fra EP-0-133 825 er det kjent et mykt komposittmateriale som hestår av en myk hylse som dekker en lunte av fibre som er impregnert med et fint pulver av plastmateriale hvis smeltepunkt er lik eller over det til materialet som utgjør hylsen slik at man efter realisering av dette halvfabrikat oppnår et materiale som kan foldes eller brettes eller sågar knyttes uten å brekke og som kan underkastes forskjellige behandlinger som sågar veving eller strikking. From EP-0-133 825 it is known a soft composite material consisting of a soft sleeve covering a bundle of fibers which is impregnated with a fine powder of plastic material whose melting point is equal to or above that of the material making up the sleeve so that realization of this semi-finished product results in a material which can be folded or folded or even tied without breaking and which can be subjected to different treatments such as even weaving or knitting.

Imidlertid og uansett type pulver som benyttes er det ikke mulig å modifisere dette ut over de fastlagte grenser for alle fysikalske karakteristika for komposittmaterialet. På grunn av dette forblir anvendelsesmulighetene for komposittmaterialet begrenset og kan for eksempel ikke utvides til det radioelektriske området. However, and regardless of the type of powder used, it is not possible to modify this beyond the established limits for all physical characteristics of the composite material. Because of this, the application possibilities for the composite material remain limited and cannot, for example, be extended to the radioelectric area.

I FR-A-2 566 324 er det beskrevet et f or impregner ings-materiale som består av en ytre metallisk eller plasthylse og en kjerne i hylsen omfattende lunter i hvilke det efter åpning er dispergert metallpulvere. Man skal merke seg at den ytre hylse, når denne består av en polymer, fjernes ved kalsinering før smelting av metallmatrisen. FR-A-2 566 324 describes an impregnation material which consists of an outer metallic or plastic sleeve and a core in the sleeve comprising fuses in which, after opening, metal powders are dispersed. It should be noted that the outer sleeve, when this consists of a polymer, is removed by calcination before melting the metal matrix.

Under disse betingelser befinner sluttproduktet som skal benyttes industrielt seg i en tilstand der luntene ikke er eller kun i liten grad er bundet seg imellom, man oppnår således et metallisk produkt hvis fysiske karakteristika ikke er sammenlignbare med metalliske plater og/eller slanger. Foreliggende oppfinnelse har til hensikt å foreslå et nytt komposittmateriale bestående av minst en ytre myk kontinuerlig hylse, kontinuerlige fibre anordnet i denne ytre hylse, spesifikke fyllinger ledsaget av organiske partikler som foreligger i form av en myk kontinuerlig tråd i hvilken ingen tilstedeværende elementer er forbundet seg imellom slik at man kan realisere semifabrikata i form av en bånd, en duk eller en hylse og der strukturen kan være unidireksjonell, vevet, strikket eller multidireksjonell. Under these conditions, the final product to be used industrially is in a state where the fuses are not or only to a small extent bonded together, thus obtaining a metallic product whose physical characteristics are not comparable to metallic sheets and/or hoses. The present invention aims to propose a new composite material consisting of at least one outer soft continuous sleeve, continuous fibers arranged in this outer sleeve, specific fillings accompanied by organic particles that exist in the form of a soft continuous thread in which no present elements are connected in between so that one can realize semi-finished products in the form of a ribbon, a cloth or a sleeve and where the structure can be unidirectional, woven, knitted or multidirectional.

Ved å variere arten og/eller andelene av de forskjellige bestanddeler av komposittmaterialet ifølge oppfinnelsen kan man ikke bare variere de fysiske egenskaper i henholdet til hver retning i strukturen i halvfabrikatet men likeledes modulere de spesifikke karakteristika for sluttproduktet som oppnås utfra dette halvfabrikata for å tilpasse disse optimalt til den tilsiktede bruk. By varying the nature and/or the proportions of the different components of the composite material according to the invention, one can not only vary the physical properties according to each direction in the structure of the semi-finished product, but also modulate the specific characteristics of the final product obtained from this semi-finished product in order to adapt these optimal for the intended use.

I henhold til dette angår foreliggende oppfinnelse et mykt komposittmateriale bestående av et hylster og en kjerne av kontinuerlige fibre, og et pulver som ved øket temperatur kan transformeres for å danne en matrise med hylsteret, og dette materialet karakteriseres ved at det videre omfatter et fyllstoff hvis smeltetemperatur er over den høyeste smeltetemperatur for de andre bestanddeler i materialet. According to this, the present invention relates to a soft composite material consisting of a sheath and a core of continuous fibers, and a powder that can be transformed at increased temperature to form a matrix with the sheath, and this material is characterized by the fact that it further comprises a filler whose melting temperature is above the highest melting temperature of the other components in the material.

Oppfinnelsen angår som nevnt også et produkt som oppnås ved hjelp av det ovenfor beskrevne materialet og dette produkt karakteriseres ved at det har en lav dielektrisk permetivitet og en lav tapsvinkel (EgS). As mentioned, the invention also relates to a product which is obtained using the material described above and this product is characterized by having a low dielectric permittivity and a low loss angle (EgS).

Andre karakteristika og fordeler vil fremgå av den følgende beskrivelse samt av den ledsagende tegning som viser et riss i snitt av en innretning for gjennomføring av en fremgangsmåte for å oppnå en myk tråd. Other characteristics and advantages will be apparent from the following description as well as from the accompanying drawing which shows a sectional view of a device for carrying out a method for obtaining a soft thread.

Komposittmaterialet ifølge oppfinnelsen foreligger fortrinnsvis i form av en myk tråd, for eksempel oppnådd ved hjelp av den teknikk som er beskrevet i EP-0-1 338 825 og omfatter: kontinuerlige mineral-, organiske eller metallfibre i form av kontinuerlige multifilamenter som utgjør lunter The composite material according to the invention is preferably in the form of a soft thread, for example obtained using the technique described in EP-0-1 338 825 and comprises: continuous mineral, organic or metal fibers in the form of continuous multifilaments which form fuses

med forskjellige gramvekter, with different gram weights,

et egnet polymerpulver av termoplastisk eller termoherd-bar type; a suitable polymer powder of thermoplastic or thermoset type;

spesifikke vanlige flate, hule eller porøse fyllstoffer som kan være pulvere, kuler, lameller, paljetter eller fibriller idet fyllstoffene er av mineralsk, organisk eller metallisk materiale og i stand til å opppvise specific common flat, hollow or porous fillers which can be powders, spheres, lamellae, sequins or fibrils, the fillers being of mineral, organic or metallic material and capable of exhibiting

isolerende, ledende og/eller magnetiske egenskaper; og insulating, conductive and/or magnetic properties; and

en ytre hylse som i de fleste tilfeller er av termoplastisk type og oppnådd ved ekstrudering av polymer men som kan være av en annen type og for eksempel oppnådd ved dypping eller ved føring gjennom en oppløsning og senere eliminering av oppløsningsmiddel. an outer sleeve which in most cases is of thermoplastic type and obtained by extrusion of polymer but which may be of another type and for example obtained by dipping or by passing through a solution and later eliminating solvent.

Egenskapene for hver bestanddel i den myke tråd, for eksempel kjemisk, mekanisk eller dielektrisk motstand, velges som en funksjon av de egenskaper man ønsker å gi sluttproduktet. The properties of each component in the soft wire, for example chemical, mechanical or dielectric resistance, are chosen as a function of the properties one wishes to give the final product.

En fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en slik myk tråd består av: å åpne de kontinuerlige fiberlunter ved.føring over valser A method for producing such a soft thread consists of: opening the continuous fiber bundles by passing them over rollers

eller oppblåsing ved hjelp av luft, or inflation using air,

- å la pulver med spesifikke fyllstoffer trenge inn i de åpnede lunter; og - allowing powder with specific fillers to penetrate the opened fuses; and

å samle fibrene idet pulver og fyllstoffer ikke er to collect the fibers as powders and fillers are not

sammenbundet, ved hjelp av en ekstern hylse. connected, using an external sleeve.

Volumforholdet mellom luntefibrene og blandingen av pulver og fyllstoffer ligger fortrinnsvis mellom 40 og 70 % og vektforholdet mellom hylse og de andre bestanddeler i tråden mellom 15 og 25 %. The volume ratio between the fuse fibers and the mixture of powder and fillers is preferably between 40 and 70% and the weight ratio between the sleeve and the other components in the thread between 15 and 25%.

Man skal merke seg at den ytre hylse heller ikke er bundet til fibrene og/eller pulver eller fyllstoffer for derved å bevare en tråd med stor mykhet. It should be noted that the outer sleeve is also not bound to the fibers and/or powders or fillers in order to thereby preserve a thread with great softness.

En fremgangsmåte for realisering av en myk tråd ut fra de ovenfor angitte bestanddeler kan være som følger: I et første trinn realiserer man en blanding av pulver og fyllstoffer, enten ved omhylling av fyllstoffene med pulvere eller ved forening ved hjelp av et "Dry Blend" system av fyllstoffkornene rundt pulverkornene eller omvendt. Volumforholdet i blandingen mellom fyllstoff og pulver ligger mellom 90 og 0 %. A method for realizing a soft thread from the above-mentioned components can be as follows: In a first step, a mixture of powder and fillers is realized, either by enveloping the fillers with powders or by combining them using a "Dry Blend" system of the filler grains around the powder grains or vice versa. The volume ratio in the mixture between filler and powder is between 90 and 0%.

Granulometrien for polymerpulvere og det spesifikke fyllstoff velges slik at blandingen pulver:fyllstoff kan trenge inn i de kontinuerlige fiberfilamenter. Fortrinnsvis ligger granulometrien for pulveret mellom 10 og 60 jjm mens den til fyllstoffene ligger mellom 0,2 og 100 pm. The granulometry of polymer powders and the specific filler are chosen so that the powder:filler mixture can penetrate the continuous fiber filaments. Preferably, the granulometry of the powder is between 10 and 60 µm, while that of the fillers is between 0.2 and 100 µm.

En kontinuerlig fiberlunte 1 vikles av en spole 2 under strekk fra et par sylindre 3. Lunten 1 trenger via en tetning 7 inn i et helt lukket fluidiseringsrør 4 der blandingen 5 bringes til fluidisert tilstand ved hjelp av innvirkning av trykkluft 6. Lunten 1 åpnes eller defibreres ved hjelp av ikke viste i og for seg kjente midler ved hjelp av ruller eller sporsylindre. Lunten lades elektrostatisk ved gnidning over disse organer og derefter, belagt med blanding, trekkes den ut av fluidiseringsrøret gjennom en andre tetning 8. A continuous fiber skein 1 is wound by a coil 2 under tension from a pair of cylinders 3. The skein 1 penetrates via a seal 7 into a completely closed fluidization tube 4 where the mixture 5 is brought to a fluidized state by means of the action of compressed air 6. The skein 1 is opened or is defibrated using means not shown per se known by means of rollers or track cylinders. The fuse is electrostatically charged by rubbing over these bodies and then, coated with mixture, it is pulled out of the fluidization tube through a second seal 8.

Tetningen 8 har det spesielle trekk at den er montert både på f luidiseringsrøret og på et belegningshode 9 ved hjelp av to termiske ikke viste skjøter som maksimalt reduserer termisk utveksling mellom tetningen 8 og den andre del av belegningshodet 9 som er en kilde for varmedannelse på grunn av den ikke viste positive og på den andre side enden av fluidi-seringsrøret 4. Den termiske isolasjon tjener til å unngå geldannelse av blandingen i kontakt med de varme overflater på hvilken de ville smelte. The seal 8 has the special feature that it is mounted both on the fluidization pipe and on a coating head 9 by means of two thermal joints, not shown, which maximally reduce thermal exchange between the seal 8 and the other part of the coating head 9 which is a source of heat generation due to of the not shown positive and on the other side the end of the fluidization tube 4. The thermal insulation serves to avoid gel formation of the mixture in contact with the hot surfaces on which they would melt.

Tettheten til skjøten mellom fluidiseringsrøret 4, tetningen 8 og hodet 9 er ment for å unngå at partiklene av pulver og/eller fyllstoff slipper uti det ytre av installeringen og ikke forårsaker eksplosjons- eller brannrisiki. The tightness of the joint between the fluidization tube 4, the seal 8 and the head 9 is intended to prevent the particles of powder and/or filler from escaping into the outside of the installation and not causing explosion or fire risks.

For å fullføre tilbakeholdingen i røret av enhver blandings-partikkel som ikke er festet ved elektrostatisk ladning til lunten blir en' lett luftstrøm dannet i tetningen 8 ved hjelp av en pumpe 15. Denne pumpe er en vanlig laboratoriepumpe, markedsført av Ets. W. Bachofen i Basel. De luft-trykk disse pumper er i stand til å danne ligger innen området 0,10 til 0,30 bar og denne mengde kan også gjøres så liten som mulig ved å redusere rotasjonshastigheten for pumperotoren. To complete the retention in the tube of any mixture particle not attached by electrostatic charge to the fuse, a light current of air is created in the seal 8 by means of a pump 15. This pump is an ordinary laboratory pump, marketed by Ets. W. Bachofen in Basel. The air pressure these pumps are able to create lies within the range of 0.10 to 0.30 bar and this amount can also be made as small as possible by reducing the rotation speed of the pump rotor.

Små ikke viste cykloner tillater å la overskuddet av luft som innføres av pumpen 15 slippe ut og å gjenvinne små mengder medført blanding. Small cyclones, not shown, allow the excess of air introduced by the pump 15 to escape and to recover small amounts of entrained mixture.

Ved utløpet av tetningen 8 trenger lunten med blanding inn i hodet 9. At the exit of the seal 8, the fuse with mixture penetrates into the head 9.

Belegningshodet 9 mates med plastmateriale oppnådd for eksempel via ekstruderen 10 som er vist ved sin forbindelses-legeme med belegningshode. Plastmaterialet for hylsen trer ut av hodet i en form som kalles "en tubant", det vil si at utløpsdiameteren for plasthylsen er definert av en gaffel med en diameter som er større enn den ytre diameter av lunten og at hylsen av smeltet materiale trekker seg sammen på grunn av det strekk som legges på profilen fra dysen slik at den kommer i kontakt med lunten efter å ha beveget seg ca. 5 mm i luft. The coating head 9 is fed with plastic material obtained, for example, via the extruder 10 which is shown by its connecting body with the coating head. The plastic material for the sleeve emerges from the head in a form called "a tubant", that is, the outlet diameter of the plastic sleeve is defined by a fork with a diameter greater than the outer diameter of the fuse and that the sleeve of molten material contracts due to the tension placed on the profile from the nozzle so that it comes into contact with the fuse after having moved approx. 5 mm in air.

Dette belegningshodet er fortrinnsvis anordnet i henhold til en vertikal akse. Profilen er praktisk talt kold efter et forløp i luft på en meter. Den forblir myk og passerer over en rulle 11 med en diameter på ca. 600 mm. This coating head is preferably arranged according to a vertical axis. The profile is practically cold after a run in air of one metre. It remains soft and passes over a roller 11 with a diameter of approx. 600 mm.

I de tilfeller det dreier seg om blandinger med høye densiteter er det foretrukket å benytte et fallsystem i stedet for et stigesystem som vist i figuren. In cases where mixtures with high densities are concerned, it is preferred to use a drop system instead of a riser system as shown in the figure.

Under fremstilling av den myke på forhånd impregnerte tråd kan man modifisere egenskapene over lengden ved å endre arten og granulometrien til blandingen som innføres i den åpnede lunte. During the manufacture of the soft pre-impregnated wire, one can modify the properties along the length by changing the nature and granulometry of the mixture introduced into the opened fuse.

Den myke tråd som sålede oppnås med karakteristiske eller variable egenskaper over lengden tjener til fremstilling av halvfabrikata i form av vevede eller strikkede unidireksjonelle strukturer eller multidireksjonelle strukturer. Egenskapene til disse halvfabrikata kan moduleres ved å legge fibre av forskjellige typer ved siden av hverandre. På denne måte kan man danne et halvfabrikat eller et mellom-produkt med variable enheter langs lengden, over overflaten eller i tykkelsen. The soft thread which is obtained with characteristic or variable properties over the length serves for the production of semi-finished products in the form of woven or knitted unidirectional structures or multidirectional structures. The properties of these semi-finished products can be modulated by placing fibers of different types next to each other. In this way, you can form a semi-finished product or an intermediate product with variable units along the length, over the surface or in the thickness.

Et annet eksempel på en myk tråd består i å benytte en blanding der fyllstoffene overveier og der den ytre hylse er dekket av en egnet forimpregneringsharpiks som er forenelig med materialet som benyttes for hylsen. De unidireksjonale, strikkede, vevede eller multidireksjonelle strukturer som oppnås med en slik tråd impregneres derefter ved hjelp av en harpiks. Another example of a soft thread consists in using a mixture where the fillers predominate and where the outer sleeve is covered by a suitable pre-impregnation resin which is compatible with the material used for the sleeve. The unidirectional, knitted, woven or multidirectional structures obtained with such a thread are then impregnated with a resin.

Et annet eksempel på en myk tråd som er mere kompleks består i på den ene side å benytte en første hylse som omhyller de kontinuerlige fibre, et pulver eller en pulver- fyllstoff-blanding, og på den annen side en andre hylse analog eller forskjellig fra den første der rommet mellom de to hylser fylles med kun fyllstoff, kun pulver eller en andre pulver-fyllstoffblanding idet arten og/eller andelene av elementene i den andre blandingkan være identiske eller forskjellige fra de i den første. Another example of a soft thread that is more complex consists in using, on the one hand, a first sleeve that envelops the continuous fibers, a powder or a powder-filler mixture, and on the other hand, a second sleeve analogous or different from the first where the space between the two sleeves is filled with only filler, only powder or a second powder-filler mixture, the nature and/or proportions of the elements in the second mixture being identical or different from those in the first.

Det skal være. klart at man kan realisere en forimpregnert tråd med mer enn to hylser idet bestanddelen som anordnes mellom hylsene suksessivt velges som en funksjon av det resultat man ønsker å oppnå. It shall be. clear that one can realize a pre-impregnated thread with more than two sleeves, as the component arranged between the sleeves is successively chosen as a function of the result one wants to achieve.

Transformasjonen av halvfabrikatet gjennomføres ved å bringe til smelting og/eller fornetning blanding/hylse som så binder sammen hylsene med blandingen for å gi et ferdig kompositt-produkt. Generelt foretrekker man å gjennomføre transformasjonen under kombinert innvirkning av temperatur og trykk avhengig av de benyttede materialer. The transformation of the semi-finished product is carried out by melting and/or cross-linking the mixture/sleeve, which then binds the sleeves together with the mixture to give a finished composite product. In general, it is preferred to carry out the transformation under the combined influence of temperature and pressure, depending on the materials used.

De iboende egenskaper for materialene, for eksempel viskosi-tet, krystalinitet, kjedelengde, smelte- og avkjølingstid samt tverrbinding er vesentlige faktorer for å oppnå et godt komposittmateriale. The inherent properties of the materials, for example viscosity, crystallinity, chain length, melting and cooling time as well as cross-linking are essential factors for achieving a good composite material.

De kjente prosesser som oppvikling, belegning eller pressing, i autoklav med projeksjon av kuttede fibre, kan likeledes benyttes. The known processes such as winding, coating or pressing, in an autoclave with projection of cut fibers, can also be used.

Anvendelsesområdene for komposittmaterialet ifølge oppfinnelsen er særlig konstruksjoner, plater for trykte kretser, elektromagnetiske vinduer, absorbsjonsmidler for akustisk og elektromagnetiske anvendelser. The areas of application for the composite material according to the invention are in particular constructions, plates for printed circuits, electromagnetic windows, absorbents for acoustic and electromagnetic applications.

Fibrene fremstilles ut fra E-, R- eller S-glassfibre, videre aramid-, silisium-, polymer- eller karbonfibre. The fibers are produced from E, R or S glass fibres, further aramid, silicon, polymer or carbon fibres.

Pulveret oppnås fra dielektriske, termoplastiske, termo-herdbare, termostabile eller absorberende polymerer som ledende eller kirale polymerer. The powder is obtained from dielectric, thermoplastic, thermosetting, thermostable or absorbent polymers such as conductive or chiral polymers.

Fyllstoffene er for eksempel hele eller fylte silisium- eller grafittkuler eller lignende, eller foreligger i form av lamelle deler paljetter av mineraler eller metaller som oppviser de ønskede dielektriske karkteristika. The fillers are, for example, whole or filled silicon or graphite spheres or the like, or are in the form of lamellar parts, sequins of minerals or metals that exhibit the desired dielectric characteristics.

Hylsene oppnås spesielt ut fra termoplastiske polymerer eller duktile metaller i form av film eller tråd. The sleeves are obtained in particular from thermoplastic polymers or ductile metals in the form of film or wire.

For å realisere et elektromagnetisk vindu kan man konfek-sjonere en myk tråd som følger: en lunte (roving) av E-glassfibre på 320 dtex, oppnådd fra To realize an electromagnetic window, a soft thread can be made as follows: a roving of E-glass fibers of 320 dtex, obtained from

Owens Corning Fibreglass, Owens Corning Fiberglass,

en blanding som er oppnådd ved "dry blend" av polyamid-12-fibre "Orgasol 2002" Nat, med en midlere granulometri på 20 ytm og hule E-glasskuler 22/X med en midlere granulometri på 30 pm oppnådd fra firma 3M; hvorved forholdet a mixture obtained by "dry blending" of polyamide-12 fibers "Orgasol 2002" Nat, with an average granulometry of 20 ytm and hollow E-glass spheres 22/X with an average granulometry of 30 pm obtained from the company 3M; whereby the relationship

mellom volumet av glasskuler og pulvere er 60 $ : 40 % ; - et hylster av polyamid AMNO fra ATOCHEM med densitet 1,06 og en smelteindeks på 40 (målt ved 190° under en belast-ning på 2 kg). between the volume of glass spheres and powders is $60 : 40%; - a sleeve of polyamide AMNO from ATOCHEM with a density of 1.06 and a melting index of 40 (measured at 190° under a load of 2 kg).

Den myke tråd som oppnås efter føring gjennom et hvirvelsjikt og påføring av en hylse ved ekstrudering, omfatter (på vektbasis): The soft wire obtained after passing through a fluidized bed and applying a sleeve by extrusion comprises (on a weight basis):

Den på forhånd impregnerte tråd som oppnås på denne måte anbringes som unidireksjonelle parallelle tråder i en form som oppvarmes til 230°C i 3 minutter og derefter utsettes for et trykk på 5 bar i 30 sekunder hvorefter man avkjøler det hele under press i 10 minutter. Man oppnår på denne måte en blokk som ved analyse oppviser en lav dielektrisk permi-tivitet og tapsvinkel (Eg§). The pre-impregnated thread obtained in this way is placed as unidirectional parallel threads in a mold which is heated to 230°C for 3 minutes and then subjected to a pressure of 5 bar for 30 seconds, after which the whole is cooled under pressure for 10 minutes. In this way, a block is obtained which, on analysis, shows a low dielectric permittivity and loss angle (Eg§).

Claims (8)

1. Mykt komposittmateriale bestående av et hylster og en kjerne av kontinuerlige fibre, og et pulver som ved øket temperatur kan transformeres for å danne en matrise med hylsteret, karakterisert ved at det videre omfatter et fyllstoff hvis smeltetemperatur er over den høyeste smeltetemperatur for de andre bestanddeler i materialet.1. Soft composite material consisting of a casing and a core of continuous fibres, and a powder which at increased temperature can be transformed to form a matrix with the casing, characterized in that it further comprises a filler whose melting temperature is above the highest melting temperature of the other constituents in the material. 2. Materiale ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at typen fyllstoff er forskjellig fra typen pulver.2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the type of filler is different from the type of powder. 3. Materiale ifølge krav 1 og 2, karakterisert ved at volumforholdet mellom fyllstoffer og pulver er mellom 90 og 0 %.3. Material according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the volume ratio between fillers and powder is between 90 and 0%. 4 . Materiale ifølge et hvilket som helst av de forgående krav, karakterisert ved at granulometrien for fyllstoffene ligger mellom 0,2 og 100 pm, fortrinnsvis mellom 10 og 60 pm.4. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granulometry of the fillers is between 0.2 and 100 pm, preferably between 10 and 60 pm. 5. Materiale ifølge et hvilket som helst av krav 1, karakterisert ved at pulvergranulometrien ligger mellom 10 og 60 pm.5. Material according to any one of claim 1, characterized in that the powder granulometry is between 10 and 60 pm. 6. Materiale ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at volumforholdet mellom fibrene og en blanding bestående av pulver og fyllstoff ligger mellom 70 og 5 % og fortrinnsvis mellom 70 og 30 %.6. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume ratio between the fibers and a mixture consisting of powder and filler is between 70 and 5% and preferably between 70 and 30%. 7. Materiale ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at vektforholdet mellom hylster og materialrest ligger mellom 5 og 70 % og fortrinnsvis mellom 5 og 20 %.7. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio between sleeve and material residue is between 5 and 70% and preferably between 5 and 20%. 8. Produkt oppnådd ved hjelp av materialet i henhold til kravene 1 til 7, karakterisert ved at det har en lav dielektrisk permittivitet og tapsvinkel EgS.8. Product obtained using the material according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a low dielectric permittivity and loss angle EgS.
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US5275883A (en) 1994-01-04
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DE69001786T2 (en) 1993-11-18
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FR2648957A1 (en) 1990-12-28
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NO902668L (en) 1990-12-27
AU625907B2 (en) 1992-07-16
DK0406067T3 (en) 1993-10-04
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NO176418C (en) 1995-03-29
ATE90018T1 (en) 1993-06-15

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