NO171281B - ANTI-WASTE AND ANTI-ANTIXY AGENTS FOR EXTREME PRESSURE, AS A LUBRICANT ADDITION - Google Patents
ANTI-WASTE AND ANTI-ANTIXY AGENTS FOR EXTREME PRESSURE, AS A LUBRICANT ADDITION Download PDFInfo
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- NO171281B NO171281B NO871257A NO871257A NO171281B NO 171281 B NO171281 B NO 171281B NO 871257 A NO871257 A NO 871257A NO 871257 A NO871257 A NO 871257A NO 171281 B NO171281 B NO 171281B
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- thiadiazole
- mercaptan
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title 1
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione Chemical compound S=C1NNC(=S)S1 BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 alkyl mercaptan Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 10
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole-4-thiol Chemical compound SC1=CSN=N1 JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- MPBLPZLNKKGCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloctane-2-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)(C)S MPBLPZLNKKGCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 2
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- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010724 circulating oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- WPZHURXEQWTXFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,5-dithiol Chemical compound SC1=C(S)C=CC2=NSN=C21 WPZHURXEQWTXFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLPRESCIPXDURW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,6-dithiol Chemical compound C1=C(S)C=C(S)C2=NSN=C21 PLPRESCIPXDURW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXIRTIBZBWYINA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-sulfanyl-2h-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound SC1SC=NN1S BXIRTIBZBWYINA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006124 SOCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISEAWTATAIXSET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-4,5-dithiol Chemical compound SC=1C=CC2=C(N=NS2)C1S ISEAWTATAIXSET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXPVVMOOIGYUGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-4,6-dithiol Chemical compound SC1=CC(=CC2=C1N=NS2)S SXPVVMOOIGYUGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYVWVRULGYVNTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-dithiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=C(S)C2=C1N=NS2 NYVWVRULGYVNTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRBFHNOVJHKOQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-5,6-dithiol Chemical compound SC=1C(=CC2=C(N=NS2)C1)S BRBFHNOVJHKOQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFBYBHSNDOCEOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-6,7-dithiol Chemical compound SC1=C(C2=C(N=NS2)C=C1)S VFBYBHSNDOCEOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTNSJAUBOYWVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dithione Chemical compound S=C1NSC(=S)N1 OTNSJAUBOYWVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJBLKZFBURBYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,5-thiadiazolidine-3,4-dithione Chemical compound SC1=NSN=C1S AJBLKZFBURBYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTBOZBTVKNNRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,6-dithiol Chemical compound C1=C(S)C(S)=CC2=NSN=C21 JBTBOZBTVKNNRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLAMDELLBBZOOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione Chemical group SC1=NN=CS1 JLAMDELLBBZOOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCCICEVWNFKONB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-sulfanyl-2h-1,2,5-thiadiazole-4-thiol Chemical compound SN1SNC=C1S ZCCICEVWNFKONB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000034012 Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLOYGJPNNKTDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N SC=1N=NSC=1S Chemical class SC=1N=NSC=1S GLOYGJPNNKTDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- JMTIXSZQYHAMLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Zn] Chemical compound [P].[Zn] JMTIXSZQYHAMLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000026753 anterior segment dysgenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067597 azelate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- ORTRWBYBJVGVQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane-1-thiol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS ORTRWBYBJVGVQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse er rettet mot reaksjonsprodukter av merkapto-tiadiazoler, merkaptaner og tionylklorid som sink/fosfor-frie antislitasjemidler og antioksydanter. The present invention is aimed at reaction products of mercapto-thiadiazoles, mercaptans and thionyl chloride as zinc/phosphorus-free antiwear agents and antioxidants.
Erstatning av sink-fosforditioater med sink/fosfor-frie antislitasjeadditiver i sirkulerende oljer, giroljer og forskjellige andre smøresystemer er ansett å være meget ønskelige av miljømessige årsaker og den potensielle, elektrolytiske korrosiviteten for sinksalter. Et additivsystem som i tillegg til antislitasjeaktivitet oppviser antioksydantaktivitet og kobber-passivering er meget ønskelig. Kondensatene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer enestående FZG-girytelse, (målt i henhold til DIN 51354) lav Four-ball-slitasje og antioksydantaktivitet. Videre inneholder de intet korroderende svovel. Replacement of zinc-phosphorus dithioates with zinc/phosphorus-free antiwear additives in circulating oils, gear oils and various other lubrication systems is considered highly desirable for environmental reasons and the potential electrolytic corrosivity of zinc salts. An additive system which, in addition to anti-wear activity, exhibits antioxidant activity and copper passivation is highly desirable. The condensates of the present invention provide outstanding FZG gear performance, (measured according to DIN 51354) low Four-ball wear and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, they contain no corrosive sulphur.
Forskjellige reaksjonsprodukter av merkapto- og dimerkapto-tiadiazoler (DMTD) er kjent på fagområdet. Reaksjonsprodukter av 2,5-dimerkapto-l,3,4-tiadiazoler er eksempelvis beskrevet i US-patent 4.128.510 som nyttige som tverrbindingsmidler for halogen-holdige polymerer. US-patent 4.382.869 beskriver reaksjonsprodukter mellom merkapto-tiadiazoler og hydroksyl-holdige forbindelser som friksjons-reduserende og korrosjons-inhiberende additiver for smøreoljer. Selv om reaksjonsprodukter som inneholder merkapto-1,3,4-tiadiazolstrukturen blir mye brukt som smøremiddel-antioksydanter og metallpassivatorer, menes blandingene og nytten av de reaksjonsprodukter som er beskrevet her å være ukjent hittil på fagområdet. Various reaction products of mercapto- and dimercapto-thiadiazoles (DMTD) are known in the art. Reaction products of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles are, for example, described in US patent 4,128,510 as useful as cross-linking agents for halogen-containing polymers. US Patent 4,382,869 describes reaction products between mercapto-thiadiazoles and hydroxyl-containing compounds as friction-reducing and corrosion-inhibiting additives for lubricating oils. Although reaction products containing the mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole structure are widely used as lubricants-antioxidants and metal passivators, the mixtures and the usefulness of the reaction products described here are thought to be hitherto unknown in the field.
Oppfinnelsen tilveiebringer et reaksjonsprodukt med flerfunksjonene antislitasje-/ekstreme trykk (EP)- og antioksydasjonsegenskaper fremstilt ved reaksjon mellom en merkapto- eller dimerkapto-tiadiazol og et merkaptan og tionylklorid, som nærmere beskrevet i krav 1. The invention provides a reaction product with the multifunctional antiwear/extreme pressure (EP) and antioxidant properties produced by reaction between a mercapto- or dimercapto-thiadiazole and a mercaptan and thionyl chloride, as further described in claim 1.
Oppfinnelsen tilveiebringer også smøremiddelblandinger omfattende et smøremiddel og en antislitasje-/ekstremt trykk (EP)- og/eller antioksydant-mengde av det reaksjonsprodukt som fremstilles ved omsetning av en merkapto- eller dimerkapto-tiadiazol med et merkaptan og tionylklorid, som nærmere beskrevet i krav 10. Reaksjonen kan finne sted i nærvær av et passende stabiliserings- eller dispergeringsmiddel eller dette midlet kan kontaktes ved avslutningen av reaksjonen. The invention also provides lubricant mixtures comprising a lubricant and an anti-wear/extreme pressure (EP) and/or antioxidant amount of the reaction product produced by reacting a mercapto- or dimercapto-thiadiazole with a mercaptan and thionyl chloride, as further described in claims 10. The reaction may take place in the presence of a suitable stabilizing or dispersing agent or this agent may be contacted at the end of the reaction.
Syntesen og vurderingen av derivater av merkapto-tiadiazoler, spesielt 2,5-dimerkapto-l,3,4-tiadiazol (DMTD), The synthesis and evaluation of derivatives of mercapto-thiadiazoles, especially 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD),
som potensielle, flerfunksjonene additiver uten fosfor og som erstatning for sink/-fosfor-ditioater i sirkulerende oljer, giroljer og andre smøresystemer er en attraktiv og ny måte å oppnå disse mål på. as potential, multifunctional additives without phosphorus and as a replacement for zinc/phosphorus dithioates in circulating oils, gear oils and other lubrication systems is an attractive and new way to achieve these goals.
Generelt syntetiseres additivproduktene ifølge oppfinnelsen ved kondensasjon av et merkapto-tiadiazol, f.eks. 2,5-dimerkapto-1,3,4-tiadiazol med merkaptaner og tionylklorid (S0C12)• In general, the additive products according to the invention are synthesized by condensation of a mercapto-thiadiazole, e.g. 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole with mercaptans and thionyl chloride (S0C12)•
Et hvilket som helst passende merkapto-tiadiazol kan anvendes her. Noen egnede eksempler omfatter: 3.4- dimerkapto-l,2,5-tiadiazol, 3,5-dimerkapto-l,2,4-tiadiazol, 4.5- dimerkapto-l,2,5-tiadiazol, 4,5-dimerkaptobenzo-l,2,3-tiadiazol, 4,7-dimerkaptobenzo-l,2,3-tiadiazol, 4,6-dimerkapto-benzo-1,2,3-tiadiazol, 5,6-dimerkaptobenzo-l,2,3-tiadiazol, 5,7-dimer-kaptobenzo-l,2,3-tiadiazol, 6,7-dimerkaptobenzo-1.2.3- tiadiazol, 4,5-dimerkaptobenzo-2,1,3-tiadiazol, 4,6-dimerkaptobenzo-2,1,3-tiadiazol, 5,6-dimerkaptobenzo-2,1,3-tiadiazol, 5,7-dimerkaptobenzo-2,1,3-tiadiazol, 6,7-dimerkapto-benzo-2,1,3-tiadiazol. Spesielt foretrukket er 2,5-dimerkapto-1.3.4- tiadiazol. Any suitable mercapto-thiadiazole may be used herein. Some suitable examples include: 3,4-dimercapto-1,2,5-thiadiazole, 3,5-dimercapto-1,2,4-thiadiazole, 4,5-dimercapto-1,2,5-thiadiazole, 4,5-dimercaptobenzo-1 ,2,3-thiadiazole, 4,7-dimercaptobenzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole, 4,6-dimercaptobenzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole, 5,6-dimercaptobenzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole , 5,7-dimer-captobenzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole, 6,7-dimercaptobenzo-1.2.3-thiadiazole, 4,5-dimercaptobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, 4,6-dimercaptobenzo-2 ,1,3-thiadiazole, 5,6-dimercaptobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, 5,7-dimercaptobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, 6,7-dimercapto-benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole . Particularly preferred is 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole.
Egnede merkaptaner omfatter Cq-til C22~alkylmerkaP'taner. Spesielt foretrukne er t-nonyl- og heksadecyl-merkaptaner. Suitable mercaptans include C 1 - to C 22 -alkyl mercaptans. Particularly preferred are t-nonyl and hexadecyl mercaptans.
Eventuelt kan et stabiliserings- eller dispergeringsmiddel anvendes i synteseprosessen. Reaksjonsproduktet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan fremstilles i nærvær av et slikt middel, eller reaksjonsproduktet kan behandles med et slikt middel. Et hvilket som helst egnet middel som er kjent på fagområdet som ville dispergere reaksjonsmediet og stabilisere produktene uten å ha en skadelig virkning på den ønskede reaksjonen kan anvendes. Spesielt kvalifisert er tiadiazoler som f.eks. 2,5-bis(t-nolnyltio)-1,3,4-tiadiazoler og ikke-emulgerende aminer som f.eks. Primene 81R-amin. Generelt kan et hvilket som helst t-alkyltio-tiadiazol anvendes. Primene 8IR-amin er et spesielt foretrukket, ikke-emulgerende amin. Det antas å være en blanding av primære, alifatiske aminer med i hovedsak C12-C14-t-alkylgrupper. Det er mer fullstendig omtalt i US-patent 3.224.957. Optionally, a stabilizing or dispersing agent can be used in the synthesis process. The reaction product according to the present invention can be prepared in the presence of such an agent, or the reaction product can be treated with such an agent. Any suitable agent known in the art which would disperse the reaction medium and stabilize the products without having a detrimental effect on the desired reaction may be used. Particularly qualified are thiadiazoles such as 2,5-bis(t-nolnylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and non-emulsifying amines such as e.g. The primes 81R-amine. In general, any t-alkylthiothiadiazole can be used. Primene 8IR amine is a particularly preferred non-emulsifying amine. It is believed to be a mixture of primary, aliphatic amines with mainly C12-C14-t-alkyl groups. It is more fully discussed in US Patent 3,224,957.
Reaksjonsbetingelsene er basert primært på de spesielle reaktantene. Således vil temperaturen variere fra 50 til 120°C, trykket fra omgivelsestrykk til 1030 kPa og tiden fra 1 til 8 timer. The reaction conditions are based primarily on the particular reactants. Thus, the temperature will vary from 50 to 120°C, the pressure from ambient pressure to 1030 kPa and the time from 1 to 8 hours.
Molforholdet mellom reaktantene DMTD/merkaptan/tionylklorid varierer fra 1:2:1,5 til 1:12:8. Mengden av stabiliserings-eller dispergeringsmiddel kan,når det anvendes, variere fra 5 til 60 vekt% basert på vekten av kondensasjonsproduktet. Fortrinnsvis anvendes fra 10 til 50 vekt%. The molar ratio between the reactants DMTD/mercaptan/thionyl chloride varies from 1:2:1.5 to 1:12:8. The amount of stabilizer or dispersant, when used, can vary from 5 to 60% by weight based on the weight of the condensation product. Preferably from 10 to 50% by weight is used.
De smøremidler som kan anvendes sammen med additivene (reaksjonsproduktene) ifølge oppfinnelsen er mineral- og syntetiske smøreoljer, blandinger derav og smørefett som er fremstilt fra disse. Det skal forstås at mineraloljene skal omfatte ikke bare paraffinoljer, men også naftenoljer. Med syntetiske oljer menes syntetiske hydrokarboner, polyalkylen-oksydoljer, polyacetaler, polysilikoner og lignende, såvel som syntetiske esteroljer. Omfattet av den sistnevnte type er de estere som er fremstilt fra enverdige alkoholer og polykarbok-sylsyrer, som f.eks. 2-etyl-heksylazelat og lignende. Også omfattet er de estere som er fremstilt fra flerverdige alkoholer og alifatiske monokarboksylsyrer. Estere av denne gruppen er spesielt viktige og i denne gruppen finnes estere som er fremstilt fra (1) trimetylolene som f.eks. etan-, propan- og butan-derivatene derav, (2) 2,2-disubstituerte propandioler og (3) pentaerytritolene omsatt med alifatiske monokarboksylsyrer som inneholder fra 4 til 9 karbonatomer. Blandinger av disse syrer kan anvendes for å fremstille esterne. Foretrukket blant esterne er de som er fremstilt fra pentaerytritol og en blanding av C5-C9-syrer. The lubricants that can be used together with the additives (reaction products) according to the invention are mineral and synthetic lubricating oils, mixtures thereof and lubricating greases produced from these. It should be understood that the mineral oils should include not only paraffin oils, but also naphthenic oils. Synthetic oils mean synthetic hydrocarbons, polyalkylene oxide oils, polyacetals, polysilicones and the like, as well as synthetic ester oils. Included in the latter type are the esters which are prepared from monohydric alcohols and polycarboxylic acids, such as e.g. 2-ethyl hexyl azelate and the like. Also included are the esters produced from polyhydric alcohols and aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. Esters of this group are particularly important and in this group there are esters which are prepared from (1) the trimethylols such as e.g. the ethane, propane and butane derivatives thereof, (2) 2,2-disubstituted propanediols and (3) the pentaerythritols reacted with aliphatic monocarboxylic acids containing from 4 to 9 carbon atoms. Mixtures of these acids can be used to prepare the esters. Preferred among the esters are those prepared from pentaerythritol and a mixture of C5-C9 acids.
Slik det er beskrevet ovenfor, er reaksjonsproduktene anvendbare som antislitasje-/EP- og antioksydantmidler. De tilsettes til smøremediet i mengder som er tilstrekkelig til å gi slike egenskaper til smøremidlet. Mer spesielt vil slike egenskaper meddeles smøremidlet ved tilsetning fra 0,01 til 10 vekt%, fortrinnsvis fra 0,01 til 3 vekt% av nettoproduktet. As described above, the reaction products are useful as anti-wear/EP and antioxidant agents. They are added to the lubricant in quantities sufficient to give such properties to the lubricant. More particularly, such properties will be imparted to the lubricant by adding from 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 3% by weight of the net product.
Etter å ha diskutert oppfinnelsen generelt og bredt, skal det følgende illustrere den. Having discussed the invention generally and broadly, the following shall illustrate it.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
DMTD, SOCI2 og t-nonylmerkaptankondensat (molforhold 1:2,2:2) i dispergeringsmediet 2,5-bis(t-nonyltio)-1,3,4-tiadiazol (50 vekt%). 50 g 2,5-bis(t-nonyltio)-1,3,4-tiadiazol, t-nonylmerkaptan (32 g, 0,2 mol) og DMTD (2,3-dimerkapto-l,3,4-tiadiazol, 15 g, 0,1 mol) plasseres i en kolbe utstyrt med dråpetrakt, tilbake-løpskjøler, termometer, mekanisk rører, et nitrogen-innløpsrør og utløpsrør som fører fra kondensatoren til rensere som inneholder vandig NaOH-løsning. Reaksjonssystemet beskyttes mot eksponering for fuktig luft ved hjelp av tørkerør. DMTD, SOCI2 and t-nonyl mercaptan condensate (molar ratio 1:2.2:2) in the dispersing medium 2,5-bis(t-nonylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (50% by weight). 50 g of 2,5-bis(t-nonylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, t-nonyl mercaptan (32 g, 0.2 mol) and DMTD (2,3-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 15 g, 0.1 mol) is placed in a flask equipped with a dropping funnel, reflux condenser, thermometer, mechanical stirrer, a nitrogen inlet tube and outlet tube leading from the condenser to purifiers containing aqueous NaOH solution. The reaction system is protected against exposure to moist air by means of drying tubes.
Blandingen oppvarmes til 85°C med omrøring under en tørr nitrogenstrøm. S0C12 (26,18 g, 0,22 mol) tilsettes forsiktig dråpevis i løpet av en periode på 30 min. Reaksjonen er sterkt eksoterm og er i stand til å holde temperaturen i reaksjonsblandingen på 85-88"C uten ytre oppvarming under det meste av tilsetningsperioden. Reaksjonsblandingen som er en homogen væske, oppvarmes ved 85°C i ytterligere 2 timer etter fullføring av SOCI2-tilsetningen. Den plasseres deretter under vakuum og oppvarmes til en slutt-temperatur på 105°C. Blandingen avkjøles til romtemperatur og behandles med n-heksan (300 ml). Løsningen oppvarmes ved 7 0°C i noen få minutter, avkjøles og filtreres. The mixture is heated to 85°C with stirring under a dry nitrogen stream. SOCl 2 (26.18 g, 0.22 mol) is carefully added dropwise over a period of 30 min. The reaction is highly exothermic and is able to maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture at 85-88"C without external heating for most of the addition period. The reaction mixture, which is a homogeneous liquid, is heated at 85°C for an additional 2 hours after completion of SOCI2- the addition. It is then placed under vacuum and heated to a final temperature of 105° C. The mixture is cooled to room temperature and treated with n-hexane (300 mL). The solution is heated at 70° C. for a few minutes, cooled and filtered.
En minimal mengde faststoffer (0,6 g) oppsamles på filteret. Filtratet blandes med 200 ml 5 vekt% vandig NaOH-løsning og oppvarmes til 55°C. Det organiske sjikt fraskilles. Det vandige sjikt ekstraheres med en ytterligere mengde n-heksan (50 ml). A minimal amount of solids (0.6 g) is collected on the filter. The filtrate is mixed with 200 ml of 5% by weight aqueous NaOH solution and heated to 55°C. The organic layer is separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with a further amount of n-hexane (50 ml).
De kombinerte organiske sj ikt vaskes med vann, tørkes og løsningsmiddel og flyktige stoffer fjernes under vakuum og en endelig temperatur i kolben på 86°C. Resten, en klar, purpurfarvet væske, veide 102,87 g. Den var lett løselig i 100 cSt olje, n-heksan, aceton, dimetylfluorid (DMF), men lite løselig i vann, acetonitril og dimetylsulfoksyd (DMSO). Infrarødt (IR)-spektrum stemte overens med den ventede struktur til poly-ditionylsulfoksyd. The combined organic layers are washed with water, dried and solvent and volatiles are removed under vacuum and a final temperature in the flask of 86°C. The residue, a clear purple liquid, weighed 102.87 g. It was readily soluble in 100 cSt oil, n-hexane, acetone, dimethyl fluoride (DMF), but sparingly soluble in water, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Infrared (IR) spectrum was consistent with the expected structure of polydithionyl sulfoxide.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
DMTD, S0C12, t-nonylmerkaptan (molforhol 1:2,2:2)-kondensat behandlet med Primene 81R-amin (10 vekt%). DMTD, SOCl2, t-nonylmercaptan (molar ratio 1:2,2:2) condensate treated with Primene 81R-amine (10 wt%).
DMTD (2,3-dimerkapto-l,3,4-tiadiazol, 75 g, 0,5 mol), t-nonylmerkaptan (160 g, 1,0 mol) og toluen (500 ml) plasseres i en kolbe utstyrt med dråpetrakt, mekanisk rører, tilbakeløps-kjøler, termometer, nitrogen-innløpsrør og -utløpsrør som fører fra kjøleren til rensere som inneholder vandig løsning av NaOH. Reaksjonssystemet er beskyttet mot eksponering for fuktig luft ved hjelp av tørkerør. DMTD (2,3-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 75 g, 0.5 mol), t-nonyl mercaptan (160 g, 1.0 mol) and toluene (500 ml) are placed in a flask fitted with a dropping funnel , mechanical stirrer, reflux cooler, thermometer, nitrogen inlet and outlet pipes leading from the cooler to purifiers containing aqueous solution of NaOH. The reaction system is protected from exposure to moist air by means of drying tubes.
Blandingen oppvarmes til 75'C (med omrøring) under en svak strøm av tørt nitrogen. S0C12 (13 0,9 g, 1,1 mol) fortynnet med 150 ml toluen tilsettes dråpevis i løpet av en periode på 1 time. Temperaturen i reaksjonsblandingen holdes ved 75-80"C under SOCl2-tilsetningen og i ytterligere 2 timer. Løsnings-midlet og eventuelle flyktige stoffer som er til stede destilleres under redusert trykk-"hus"-vakuum. Den endelige kolbetemperatur tillates å nå 110<*>C. Resten (27,8 g) avkjøles til romtemperatur og behandles med 1 liter n-heksan og 600 ml 5 vekt% vandig NaOH-løsning. Det organiske sjikt fraskilles. The mixture is heated to 75°C (with stirring) under a gentle stream of dry nitrogen. SOCl 2 (13 0.9 g, 1.1 mol) diluted with 150 ml toluene is added dropwise over a period of 1 hour. The temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 75-80°C during the SOCl2 addition and for a further 2 hours. The solvent and any volatiles present are distilled under reduced pressure "house" vacuum. The final flask temperature is allowed to reach 110< *> C. The residue (27.8 g) is cooled to room temperature and treated with 1 liter of n-hexane and 600 ml of 5% by weight aqueous NaOH solution. The organic layer is separated.
Det vandige sjikt ekstraheres med en ytterligere mengde heksan (2 00 ml). De kombinerte ekstrakter vaskes med vann og tørkes. Primene 81R-amin (27,8 g) tilsettes. Løsningsmiddel og eventuelle flyktige stoffer destilleres fra den klare løsning under vakuum og den endelige kolbetemperatur er 100°C. Resten, en klar, purpurfarvet væske, veier 288 g. Den er lett løselig i 100 cSt olje, n-heksan, aceton, metyletylketon (MEK) og DMF. IR-spektrum stemmer overens med den ventede struktur. The aqueous layer is extracted with an additional amount of hexane (200 mL). The combined extracts are washed with water and dried. The prime 81R-amine (27.8 g) is added. Solvent and any volatile substances are distilled from the clear solution under vacuum and the final flask temperature is 100°C. The residue, a clear purple liquid, weighs 288 g. It is readily soluble in 100 cSt oil, n-hexane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and DMF. IR spectrum agrees with the expected structure.
Kondensasjonsreaksjonen, som antas å være ny, har et bredt anvendelsesspektrum. Polariteten til sulfoksydgruppene i nærhet av tiadiazoldelen øker adhesjonen til metaller gjennom en potensiell bidentat-ligand-dannelse. Dette arrangement beskytter metalloverflater ved sterk adsorpsjon-kjemisorpsjon og øker derfor antislitasje-EP-aktiviteten til aggregatet. The condensation reaction, which is believed to be new, has a wide range of applications. The polarity of the sulfoxide groups in the vicinity of the thiadiazole moiety increases the adhesion to metals through a potential bidentate ligand formation. This arrangement protects metal surfaces by strong adsorption-chemisorption and therefore increases the anti-wear EP activity of the aggregate.
Vurdering av produkter Evaluation of products
Eksemplene ifølge oppfinnelsen ble blandet i en sink/fosfor-fri, ekstra holdbar, sirkulerende oljesammensetning betegnet The examples according to the invention were mixed in a zinc/phosphorus-free, extra durable, circulating oil composition called
test-olje #1 og 2 og evaluert når det gjelder slitasje i en gir-test, antislitasje/EP-egenskaper og antioksydasjonsegenskaper. Se tabeller 1 og 2. test oil #1 and 2 and evaluated for wear in a gear test, antiwear/EP properties and antioxidation properties. See tables 1 and 2.
Blandingen ble testet på girslitasjebeskyttelse ifølge The mixture was tested for gear wear protection according to
FZG Gear Test (DIN-51.354). I denne test veies dyppe-smurte gir og opereres ved en fast hastighet og fast startolje-temperatur (90°C) i giroljen under testen. Belastningen på tennene økes gradvis. Etter hvert belastningstrinn bestemmes og nedtegnes vektforandringene. Resultatene gjengis i tabell 1 og tabell 2. Jo høyere feiltrinnverdien er, jo bedre er materialet. Jo lavere slitasjeverdien er, jo bedre er produktet. FZG Gear Test (DIN-51.354). In this test, dip-lubricated gears are weighed and operated at a fixed speed and fixed starting oil temperature (90°C) in the gear oil during the test. The load on the teeth is gradually increased. After each load step, the weight changes are determined and recorded. The results are shown in table 1 and table 2. The higher the error step value, the better the material. The lower the wear value, the better the product.
Blandingen ble også testet på sine antislitasjeegenskaper ifølge Four-Ball Wear Test. Resultatene er oppført i tabell 2. Produktene fra eksemplene og sammenligningseksemplene ble testet i 4-ball-testen ved bruk av en modifisert 4-ball-maskin. I denne testen plasseres tre stasjonære baller i en smøremiddelkopp og et smøremiddel inneholdende det additiv som skal testes tilsettes til koppen. En fjerde ball plasseres på en fast-spennings-anordning som er montert på en anordning som kan anvendes for å spinne ballen ved kjente hastigheter og belast-ninger. Forskjellige vektprosenter av hvert produkt ble plassert i blandingen. Prøvene ble testet ved 54"C ved en belastning på 2 0 kg og 18 00 omdr. pr. min. (opm) i 60 minutter. The mixture was also tested for its anti-wear properties according to the Four-Ball Wear Test. The results are listed in Table 2. The products from the Examples and Comparative Examples were tested in the 4-ball test using a modified 4-ball machine. In this test, three stationary balls are placed in a lubricant cup and a lubricant containing the additive to be tested is added to the cup. A fourth ball is placed on a fixed tension device which is mounted on a device which can be used to spin the ball at known speeds and loads. Different weight percentages of each product were placed in the mixture. The samples were tested at 54°C at a load of 20 kg and 1800 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 60 minutes.
Blandingen ble testet på sine antioksydasjonsegenskaper ifølge Rotary Bomb Test (RBOT-ASMD-2272). Testoljen, vann og en kobberkatalysatorkveil, inneholdt i en dekket glassbeholder, plasseres i en bombe utstyrt med en trykkmåler. Bomben tilføres oksygen til et trykk på 620 kPa, plasseres i et oljebad ved konstant temperatur satt på 150'C og roteres aksialt ved 100 opm i en vinkel på 30° på horisontalen. Tiden for testoljen til å reagere med et gitt volum oksygen måles, idet fullføring av tiden indikeres ved et spesielt fall i trykk. The mixture was tested for its antioxidant properties according to the Rotary Bomb Test (RBOT-ASMD-2272). The test oil, water and a copper catalyst coil, contained in a covered glass container, are placed in a bomb fitted with a pressure gauge. The bomb is supplied with oxygen to a pressure of 620 kPa, placed in an oil bath at a constant temperature set at 150'C and rotated axially at 100 rpm at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. The time for the test oil to react with a given volume of oxygen is measured, completion of the time being indicated by a particular drop in pressure.
<A>Test-oljer #1 og #2 representerer typiske rust-inhiberte sirkulerende oljer som anvendes for å smøre industrielt utstyr som f.eks. pumper, gir o.s.v. <A>Test oils #1 and #2 represent typical rust-inhibited circulating oils used to lubricate industrial equipment such as pumps, gears, etc.
Fra de ovenstående data er det ganske klart at reaksjonsproduktene (additivene) ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse gir helt enestående FZG girytelse og antislitasje/EP-egenskaper, men også oppviser signifikante antioksydasjonsegenskaper. From the above data, it is quite clear that the reaction products (additives) according to the present invention provide absolutely outstanding FZG gear performance and anti-wear/EP properties, but also exhibit significant antioxidant properties.
Disse additiver, ifølge oppfinnelsen, fremstilt ved reaksjon mellom tionylklorid og dimerkaptotiadiazol og merkaptan, gir enestående FZG girytelse, lav "fire-ball"-slitasje og en økning i oksydasjonsstabilitet. De viser seg derfor lovende som erstatninger for sink/ditiofosfat-antislitasjemidler som brukes i tunge, sirkulerende oljeblandinger. These additives, according to the invention, produced by reaction between thionyl chloride and dimercaptothiadiazole and mercaptan, provide outstanding FZG gear performance, low "four-ball" wear and an increase in oxidation stability. They therefore show promise as replacements for zinc/dithiophosphate antiwear agents used in heavy, circulating oil mixtures.
Claims (14)
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NO871257A NO171281C (en) | 1987-03-25 | 1987-03-25 | ANTI-WASTE AND ANTI-ANTIXY AGENTS FOR EXTREME PRESSURE, AS A LUBRICANT ADDITION |
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