NO162723B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 7-AMINO-3-CHLORO-3-CEFEM-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 7-AMINO-3-CHLORO-3-CEFEM-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO162723B NO162723B NO883916A NO883916A NO162723B NO 162723 B NO162723 B NO 162723B NO 883916 A NO883916 A NO 883916A NO 883916 A NO883916 A NO 883916A NO 162723 B NO162723 B NO 162723B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- chlorine
- formula
- triphenylphosphite
- compounds
- chloro
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- -1 2-thienylmethyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- OYGOEELRIGAOLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Cl].C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 OYGOEELRIGAOLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- OQSAFIZCBAZPMY-PUOGSPQQSA-N (6r)-7-amino-3-chloro-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical class S1CC(Cl)=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)C(N)[C@H]21 OQSAFIZCBAZPMY-PUOGSPQQSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- HRDXJKGNWSUIBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Chemical group [CH2]OC1=CC=CC=C1 HRDXJKGNWSUIBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006244 carboxylic acid protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 51
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229940124587 cephalosporin Drugs 0.000 description 26
- 229930186147 Cephalosporin Natural products 0.000 description 22
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001780 cephalosporins Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 8
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000000185 1,3-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylpyridin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical compound O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008379 phenol ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUBXPSDFPQTKQN-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (6r)-3-hydroxy-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one Chemical compound S1CC(O)=CN2C(=O)C[C@H]21 ZUBXPSDFPQTKQN-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OHBQPCCCRFSCAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 OHBQPCCCRFSCAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1 JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyne Chemical group CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000000475 acetylene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-yne Chemical group CCC#C KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRPUJAZIXJMDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N camphene Chemical compound C1CC2C(=C)C(C)(C)C1C2 CRPUJAZIXJMDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JSYGRUBHOCKMGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloramine Chemical compound ClNCl JSYGRUBHOCKMGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011005 laboratory method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002960 penicillins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STOUHHBZBQBYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-acetyloxyphenyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC(OC(C)=O)=C1 STOUHHBZBQBYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGQVROWWFUXRST-FNORWQNLSA-N (3e)-hepta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC\C=C\C=C OGQVROWWFUXRST-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLIOIMWNSIRKDG-ZWNOBZJWSA-N (4-nitrophenyl)methyl (6r,7r)-7-amino-3-chloro-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N11)=O)N)CC(Cl)=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 YLIOIMWNSIRKDG-ZWNOBZJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIZZJGXAMBMULM-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (6r)-3-bromo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one Chemical compound S1CC(Br)=CN2C(=O)C[C@H]21 RIZZJGXAMBMULM-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCCXIEAFHKKZLW-JLOHTSLTSA-N (6r)-3-methyl-8-oxo-7-[(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CS2)C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CC1=CC=CS1 KCCXIEAFHKKZLW-JLOHTSLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWWPRUSTCGPZGJ-NQPNHJOESA-N (6r)-4-methyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one Chemical compound C1=CC(C)S[C@@H]2CC(=O)N21 CWWPRUSTCGPZGJ-NQPNHJOESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEBVTPPSMMFBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dibromo-2-chloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Br)Br WEBVTPPSMMFBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSSXJPIWXQTSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1Br QSSXJPIWXQTSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJIFKOVZNJTSGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 WJIFKOVZNJTSGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBTMRBYMKUEVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 ZBTMRBYMKUEVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBSQPLPBRSHTTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1Cl IBSQPLPBRSHTTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSOUNOBYRMOXQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 OSOUNOBYRMOXQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCCCCl VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCC PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUZHDRZOQVECPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound [CH2]CC[N+]([O-])=O JUZHDRZOQVECPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDYJEAUUNHDJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diphenylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CO)(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 NDYJEAUUNHDJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMVBHZBLHNOQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-1-octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(CO)CCCC XMVBHZBLHNOQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZYRSLHNPKPEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-butanol Chemical compound CCC(CC)CO TZYRSLHNPKPEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitropropane Chemical compound CC(C)[N+]([O-])=O FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSUXZEJWGVYJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CO)CCC JSUXZEJWGVYJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPWNCLVNXGCGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-yne Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C#C PPWNCLVNXGCGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chlorotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQSAFIZCBAZPMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-azaniumyl-3-chloro-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound S1CC(Cl)=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)C(N)C21 OQSAFIZCBAZPMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-Methylhistamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CN=CN1 PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXRCIOIWVGAZEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Primaeres Camphenhydrat Natural products C1CC2C(O)(C)C(C)(C)C1C2 PXRCIOIWVGAZEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001262 acyl bromides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Fenchene Natural products C1CC2C(=C)CC1C2(C)C XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous collidine Natural products CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1C HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007860 aryl ester derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930006739 camphene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ZYPYEBYNXWUCEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N camphenilone Natural products C1CC2C(=O)C(C)(C)C1C2 ZYPYEBYNXWUCEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001781 cephams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- UTBIMNXEDGNJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N collidine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=N1 UTBIMNXEDGNJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptene Chemical compound C1CCC=CCC1 ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSSAZBXXNIABDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylmethanol Chemical compound OCC1CCCCC1 VSSAZBXXNIABDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004913 cyclooctene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISQVBYGGNVVVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylmethanol Chemical compound OCC1CCCC1 ISQVBYGGNVVVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaniline Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L dithionite(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007336 electrophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002085 enols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC=CC=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POFSNPPXJUQANW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-3,4-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)C(O)CC POFSNPPXJUQANW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)Cl ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MKZIFKDPZMAKOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanimidoyl chloride;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].ClC=[NH2+] MKZIFKDPZMAKOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDEJGVSZUIJWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,2-trimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C JDEJGVSZUIJWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKJNHYJTVPWVGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-4-methylaniline Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HKJNHYJTVPWVGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPHQUIPUBYPZLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-methylaniline Chemical compound CCN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PPHQUIPUBYPZLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006503 p-nitrobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CCO RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLMFDCKSFJWJTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)C(C)O XLMFDCKSFJWJTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)O GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XRVCFZPJAHWYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N prenderol Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CO)CO XRVCFZPJAHWYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006800 prenderol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical group CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSMWJXBSXGUPGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O CSMWJXBSXGUPGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940075931 sodium dithionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sym-collidine Natural products CC1=CN=C(C)C(C)=C1 GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HFRXJVQOXRXOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl bromide Chemical compound BrS(Br)=O HFRXJVQOXRXOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLBFIWXOEBETDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XLBFIWXOEBETDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003955 ε-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en ny fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av 7-amino-3-klor-3-cefem-4-karboksylsyreestere. The present invention relates to a new process for the production of 7-amino-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid esters.
Intensiv forskning med hensyn til cefalosporin antibiotika har gitt en rekke meget klinisk betydningsfulle cefalosporinforbindelser. Et viktig trekk ved denne utvikling har vært oppdagelsen av cefemforbindelser som er direkte substituert med halogen i C3-stillingen. En rekke 3-halogen-3-cefemer er beskrevet av Chauvette i US-patentene nr. 3.925.372, 4.064.343 og 3.962.227. Disse virksomme antibiotiske forbindelser kan fremstilles ved å halogenere de tilsvarende 3-hydroksy-3-cefemer. En halogenering av 3-hydroksy-3-cefemer for å gi 3-klor og 3-brom-3-cefemer kan typisk utføres ved å reagere nevnte 3-hydroksy-3-cefemforbindelser med bromerings-eller kloreringsmidler slik som fosgen, oksalylklorid, tionylklorid, tionylbromid og fosforhalogenider såsom fosfortriklorid og fosfortribromid, vanligvis i nærvær av dimetylformamid. Intensive research with regard to cephalosporin antibiotics has yielded a number of very clinically significant cephalosporin compounds. An important feature of this development has been the discovery of cephem compounds which are directly substituted with halogen in the C3 position. A variety of 3-halo-3-cephems are described by Chauvette in US Patent Nos. 3,925,372, 4,064,343 and 3,962,227. These active antibiotic compounds can be prepared by halogenating the corresponding 3-hydroxy-3-cephems. A halogenation of 3-hydroxy-3-cephem to give 3-chloro and 3-bromo-3-cephem can typically be carried out by reacting said 3-hydroxy-3-cephem compounds with brominating or chlorinating agents such as phosgene, oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride , thionyl bromide and phosphorus halides such as phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus tribromide, usually in the presence of dimethylformamide.
Ved fremstillingen av halvsyntetisk penicillin- eller cefalosporinantibiotika er videre de fleste kjemiske modifikasjoner utført på 3-laktamforbindelser som har C^-eller Cy-acylaminogrupper som er stabile under de anvendte prosessbetingelser, men som ellers ikke er foretrukne for å oppnå maksimal antibiotisk aktivitet. Et prosesstrinn som således er vanlig i de fleste fremgangsmåter som benyttes for fremstilling av klinisk betydningsfulle cefalosporiner og penicilliner, er spaltingen av C5- eller C7-acylaminogruppen for derved å få de tilsvarende C^,- eller C7-aminoforbindelser som kan reacyleres hvis dette er ønskelig. Den mest vanlig brukte fremgangsmåten for å spalte penicillin- og cefalosporin-acylaminosidekjeder, er den hvor C(,- eller C7-acylaminoforbindelsen først omdannes til det tilsvarende iminohalogenid og så til en iminoeter som ved sur hydrolyse eller alkoholyse gir kjerne (C5- eller Cy-amino)-forbindel-sene. Denne fremgangsmåten er beskrevet i en rekke US-patenter slik som 3.549.628, 3.575.970, 3.697.515, 3.845.043 og 3.868.368. In the production of semi-synthetic penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics, most chemical modifications are carried out on 3-lactam compounds which have C^- or Cy-acylamino groups which are stable under the process conditions used, but which are otherwise not preferred in order to achieve maximum antibiotic activity. A process step that is thus common in most methods used for the production of clinically important cephalosporins and penicillins is the cleavage of the C5 or C7 acylamino group to thereby obtain the corresponding C2 or C7 amino compounds which can be reacylated if this is desirable. The most commonly used method for cleaving penicillin and cephalosporin acylamino side chains is that in which the C(,- or C7-acylamino compound is first converted to the corresponding iminohalide and then to an iminoether which, on acid hydrolysis or alcoholysis, gives a nucleus (C5- or Cy This process is described in a number of US patents such as 3,549,628, 3,575,970, 3,697,515, 3,845,043 and 3,868,368.
En rekke syrehalogenider, da spesielt syreklorider avledet fra fosfor, karbon og svovel, samt deres oksygensyrer, er blitt beskrevet som brukbare for fremstilling av nevnte iminohalogenidmellomprodukter for nevnte tretrinns amido-spaltningsprosess. Fosforoksyklorid, fosforpentaklorid, fosfortriklorid, tionylklorid, fosgen, oksalylklorid og katekylfosfortriklorid er spesielt beskrevet som meget godt egnet for iminohalogeniddannende reagenser. Laboratorieforsøk har vist at fosforpentaklorid er det foretrukne syrehalogenid for fremstilling av iminohalogenidmellomproduktet. A number of acid halides, particularly acid chlorides derived from phosphorus, carbon and sulphur, as well as their oxygen acids, have been described as useful for the preparation of said iminohalide intermediates for said three-step amido cleavage process. Phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus trichloride, thionyl chloride, phosgene, oxalyl chloride and catechyl phosphorus trichloride are particularly described as very suitable for iminohalide forming reagents. Laboratory experiments have shown that phosphorus pentachloride is the preferred acid halide for the preparation of the iminohalide intermediate.
Cefalosporinsulfoksyder er også meget anvendt som mellomprodukter for syntese av cefalosporinantibiotika. Etter at de reaksjoner eller synteser hvor sulfoksydformen av et cefalosporin anvendes er fullført, så kan sulfoksydfunksjoner reduseres hvorved cefalosporinmolekylet oppnås i en redusert tilstand eller i en sulfidtilstand. Cephalosporin sulfoxides are also widely used as intermediates for the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics. After the reactions or syntheses where the sulfoxide form of a cephalosporin is used have been completed, sulfoxide functions can be reduced whereby the cephalosporin molecule is obtained in a reduced state or in a sulfide state.
Den fremgangsmåte som tidlig var mest foretrukket for å redusere cefalosporinsulfoksyder er den som er beskrevet av Murphy & al., US-patent 3.641.014. I denne fremgangsmåten blir cefalosporinsulfoksydene redusert med 1) hydrogen og en hydrogeneringskatalysator, 2) tinn-, jern-, kobber- eller mangankationer, 3) ditionitt, jodid eller ferrocyanid, The method that was early most preferred for reducing cephalosporin sulfoxides is that described by Murphy et al., US Patent 3,641,014. In this method, the cephalosporin sulfoxides are reduced with 1) hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst, 2) tin, iron, copper or manganese cations, 3) dithionite, iodide or ferrocyanide,
4) treverdige fosforforbindelser, 5) halogensilåner eller 4) trivalent phosphorus compounds, 5) halogen silanes or
6) klormetyleniminiumklorid, hvor visse reduksjonsmidler krever bruken av en aktivator, slik som acetylklorid eller fosfortriklorid. Således blir for eksempel natriumditionat aktivert med acetylklorid under reduksjonen. En annen fremgangsmåte for å redusere cefalosporinsulfoksyder er beskrevet av Hatfield i US-patent 4.044.002, og hvor man reduserer cefalosporinsulfoksyder ved å bruke acylbromider i nærvær av bromabsorberende forbindelser. Mer nylig har Kukolja & Spry beskrevet reduksjonen/kloreringen av 3—hydroksycefemsulfoksyder ved å bruke fosfortriklorid, fosforpentaklorid eller fosgen i nærvær av dimetylformamid. 6) chloromethyleneiminium chloride, where certain reducing agents require the use of an activator, such as acetyl chloride or phosphorus trichloride. Thus, for example, sodium dithionate is activated with acetyl chloride during the reduction. Another method for reducing cephalosporin sulfoxides is described by Hatfield in US patent 4,044,002, and where cephalosporin sulfoxides are reduced by using acyl bromides in the presence of bromine absorbing compounds. More recently, Kukolja & Spry have described the reduction/chlorination of 3-hydroxycephem sulfoxides using phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride or phosgene in the presence of dimethylformamide.
Nylig er det oppdaget en ny gruppe forbindelser avledet ikke fra fosforoksygensyrer, men fra deres arylestere. Mer spesielt har man oppdaget at visse utvalgte triarylfosfitter reagerer med ekvivalente mengder klor eller brom hvorved det først oppnås kinetisk regulerte produkter som selv om de er termodynamisk ustabile, med fordel kan brukes under fremstillingen av p-laktamforbindelser. Disset triarylfosfitt-halogenforbindelsene er beskrevet i NO patent 161.260. Recently, a new group of compounds derived not from phosphoroxyacids but from their aryl esters has been discovered. More particularly, it has been discovered that certain selected triaryl phosphites react with equivalent amounts of chlorine or bromine whereby kinetically regulated products are first obtained which, although thermodynamically unstable, can be advantageously used during the preparation of β-lactam compounds. These triaryl phosphite halogen compounds are described in NO patent 161,260.
Videre kan det nevnes at det i NO patent 160.660 beskrives en ny fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av penicillin- og cefalo-sporiniminohalogenider. Ved halogenering av C^- eller C7-acylaminopenicillin- eller -cefalosporinforbindelser med nevnte triarylfosf itthalogenforbindelser. Furthermore, it can be mentioned that NO patent 160,660 describes a new method for the production of penicillin and cephalosporin iminohalides. By halogenation of C₁- or C₆-acylaminopenicillin or cephalosporin compounds with said triarylphosphite halogen compounds.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det tilveiebragt en ny fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av 7-amino-3-klor-3-cefem-4-karboksylsyreestere med den generelle formel: According to the present invention, a new method has been provided for the production of 7-amino-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid esters with the general formula:
hvor where
E er en karboksylsyrebeskyttende gruppe; og E is a carboxylic acid protecting group; and
Ri er hydrogen eller metoksy, og R 1 is hydrogen or methoxy, and
denne fremgangsmåten er kjennetegnet ved at man this method is characterized by the fact that
(a) omsetter en forbindelse med formelen: hvor (a) reacts a compound of the formula: where
Ri og R har den ovenfor angitte betydning, Ri and R have the above meaning,
R7 er benzyl, fenoksymetyl, fenyl eventuelt substituert med metyl eller 2-tienylmetyl, og n er 0 eller 1„ R7 is benzyl, phenoxymethyl, phenyl optionally substituted with methyl or 2-thienylmethyl, and n is 0 or 1„
med kinetisk regulert trifenylfosfitt-klorkompleks med formelen: with kinetically regulated triphenylphosphite-chloro complex with the formula:
til dannelse av et iminohalogenid med formelen: to form an iminohalide of the formula:
hvor where
R, Ri og R7 har de ovenfor angitte betydninger, og R, R 1 and R 7 have the meanings given above, and
(b) utsetter iminohalogenidet for alkoholyse. (b) subjects the iminohalide to alcoholysis.
De forbindelser som brukes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte, nemlig trifenylfosfitt-klorkomplekser, tilhører nylig oppdagede forbindelser og er fremstilt ved en reaksjon mellom trifenylfosfitt og klor. The compounds used in the present method, namely triphenylphosphite-chlorine complexes, belong to recently discovered compounds and are produced by a reaction between triphenylphosphite and chlorine.
Trifenylfosfitt med formelen Triphenyl phosphite with the formula
omsettes med ekvivalente mengder klor i et ialt vesentlig vannfritt inert organisk oppløsningsmiddel, hvorved man får det kinetisk regulerte produkt med følgende empiriske formel: is reacted with equivalent amounts of chlorine in an essentially anhydrous inert organic solvent, whereby the kinetically regulated product with the following empirical formula is obtained:
Prikken (°) i nevnte formel som representerer det kinetisk regulerte produkt som anvendes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte, er benyttet ganske enkelt for å betegne at ekvivalente mengder klor og trifenylfosfitt er kombinert kjemisk på en slik måte at de kan skjelnes fra de termodynamisk stabile derivater som er kjent i teknikken og som vanligvis illustre-res uten nevnte prikk [dvs. (PhO)3PCl2]. Den nøyaktige molekylære form på det kinetiske trifenylfosfitt-halogen-komplekset er ikke helt ut fastslått, men fysikalsk-kjemiske data synes å Indikere at det kinetiske produkt er et hvor fosforsenteret oppnår en viss kationisk karakter. Betegnel-sene "kinetisk forbindelse", "kinetisk kompleks", "trifenyl-fosf itt-klorkompleks(forbindelse)", "kinetisk regulerte produkter" og "kinetisk regulerte halogenerende (reduserende) forbindelser" brukes således synonymt. The dot (°) in the aforementioned formula, which represents the kinetically regulated product used in the present process, is used simply to denote that equivalent amounts of chlorine and triphenylphosphite are combined chemically in such a way that they can be distinguished from the thermodynamically stable derivatives which are known in the art and which is usually illustrated without said dot [i.e. (PhO)3PCl2]. The exact molecular form of the kinetic triphenylphosphite-halogen complex has not been fully determined, but physicochemical data seem to indicate that the kinetic product is one in which the phosphorus center acquires a certain cationic character. The terms "kinetic compound", "kinetic complex", "triphenyl-phosphite-chlorine complex (compound)", "kinetic regulated products" and "kinetic regulated halogenating (reducing) compounds" are thus used synonymously.
En rekke forskjellige inerte organiske oppløsningsmidler kan brukes som medium under fremstillingen av den kinetisk regulerte forbindelse og for reduksjons- og reduksjon/haloge-neringsprosessene slik den er beskrevet i det etterfølgende. Med "inerte organiske oppløsningsmidler" forstås et organisk oppløsningsmiddel som under reaksjonsbetingelsene ikke inngår i reaksjon med noen av reaktantene eller produktene. Ettersom halogeneringsforbindelsen lett kan reagere med protiske forbindelser, så bør slike forbindelser som vann, alkoholer, aminer (andre enn tertiære), tioler, organiske syrer og andre slike protiske forbindelser utelukkes fra reaksjonsmediet. A variety of different inert organic solvents can be used as media during the preparation of the kinetically controlled compound and for the reduction and reduction/halogenation processes as described below. "Inert organic solvents" means an organic solvent which, under the reaction conditions, does not react with any of the reactants or products. As the halogenating compound can easily react with protic compounds, such compounds as water, alcohols, amines (other than tertiary), thiols, organic acids and other such protic compounds should be excluded from the reaction medium.
Det er foretrukket å bruk et vesentlig vannfritt aprotisk organisk oppløsningsmiddel. Med betegnelsen "vesentlig vannfritt" forstås at selv om det generelt foretrekkes vannfrie organiske oppløsningsmidler, så kan spormengder av vann slik det ofte finnes i tilgjengelige oppløsningsmidler tolereres. Selv om det kinetiske produktet vil reagere med eventuelt vann i oppløsningsmidlet, så kan ytterligere mengder reagenser lett tilsettes for å kompensere for tapet på grunn av hydrolyse. Det er foretrukket å benytte vanlig kjent laboratorieteknikk for å tørke de anvendte oppløsnings-midler og for å utelukke fuktighet fra reaksjonsblandingene. It is preferred to use a substantially anhydrous aprotic organic solvent. By the term "substantially anhydrous" it is understood that although anhydrous organic solvents are generally preferred, trace amounts of water such as is often found in available solvents can be tolerated. Although the kinetic product will react with any water in the solvent, additional amounts of reagents can easily be added to compensate for the loss due to hydrolysis. It is preferred to use commonly known laboratory techniques to dry the solvents used and to exclude moisture from the reaction mixtures.
Egnede oppløsningsmidler innbefatter hydrokarboner, både alifatiske og aromatiske, slik som pentan, heksan, heptan, oktan, cykloheksan, cyklopentan, benzen, toluen, o-, m- eller p-xylen, mesitylen og lignende; etere, enten disse er cykliske eller acykliske slik som dietyleter, butyletyleter, tetrahydrofuran, dioksan, 1,2-dimetoksyetan og lignende; karboksylsyreestere slik som etylacetat, metylformiat, metylacetat, amylacetat, n-butylacetat, sekundær-butylacetat, metylpropionat, metylbutyrat og lignende; nitriler såsom acetonitril, propionitril, butyronitril og lignende; halogenerte hydrokarboner, både aromatiske og alifatiske, slik som kloroform, metylenklorid, karbontetraklorid, 1,2-dikloretan(etylendiklorid), 1,1,2-trikloretan, 1,1—di-brom-2-kloretan, 2-klorpropan, 1-klorbutan, klorbenzen, fluorbenzen, o-, m- eller p-klortoluen, o-, m- eller p-bromtoluen, diklorbenzen og lignende; samt nltroforbindelser såsom nitrometan, nitroetan, 1- eller 2-nitropropan, nitrobenzen og lignende. Suitable solvents include hydrocarbons, both aliphatic and aromatic, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, benzene, toluene, o-, m- or p-xylene, mesitylene and the like; ethers, whether these are cyclic or acyclic such as diethyl ether, butyl ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and the like; carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, amyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons, both aromatic and aliphatic, such as chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane(ethylene dichloride), 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1-di-bromo-2-chloroethane, 2-chloropropane, 1 -chlorobutane, chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, o-, m- or p-chlorotoluene, o-, m- or p-bromotoluene, dichlorobenzene and the like; as well as nitro compounds such as nitromethane, nitroethane, 1- or 2-nitropropane, nitrobenzene and the like.
Det spesielle inerte organiske oppløsningsmiddel som er benyttet som medium for fremstillingen av den kinetisk regulerte trifenylfosfitt-klorforbindelsen eller som et medium for dens bruk i foreliggende fremgangsmåte, er ikke kritisk, men slike egenskaper som polaritet, smeltepunkt eller kokepunkt samt hvorvidt produktene lett lar seg isolere, bør tas hensyn til ved valg av egnet oppløsnings-middel . The particular inert organic solvent used as a medium for the production of the kinetically regulated triphenylphosphite-chlorine compound or as a medium for its use in the present process is not critical, but such properties as polarity, melting point or boiling point and whether the products can be easily isolated , should be taken into account when choosing a suitable solvent.
Foretrukne oppløsningsmidler for fremstilling av det kinetisk kontrollerte produktet og for foreliggende fremgangsmåte, er hydrokarboner, da spesielt aromatiske hydrokarboner og halogenerte hydrokarboner. Halogenerte hydrokarboner forskjellig fra kloroform er de mest foretrukne. Det mest foretrukne oppløsningsmiddel er metylenklorid. Preferred solvents for the production of the kinetically controlled product and for the present method are hydrocarbons, especially aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons. Halogenated hydrocarbons other than chloroform are most preferred. The most preferred solvent is methylene chloride.
Hvis en forbindelse oppnådd ved den kinetisk regulerte reaksjonen mellom trifenylfosfitt og klor hensettes i oppløsning, så vil forbindelsen omdanne seg eller isomerisere til den tilsvarende termodynamisk stabile forbindelsen med variabel hastighet, avhengig av type oppløsningsmiddel og temperatur. Eksperimentelle data har også vist at et nærvær av en hydrohalogenidsyre (HX) eller et overskudd av trifenylfosfitt vil øke omdannelseshastigheten av det kinetiske produkt til det termodynamisk stabile produkt. If a compound obtained by the kinetically controlled reaction between triphenylphosphite and chlorine is placed in solution, the compound will convert or isomerize to the corresponding thermodynamically stable compound at a variable rate, depending on the type of solvent and temperature. Experimental data have also shown that a presence of a hydrohalic acid (HX) or an excess of triphenylphosphite will increase the rate of conversion of the kinetic product to the thermodynamically stable product.
Ved å bruk 3-*-P kjernemagnetisk resonansspektroskopi har man kunnet bestemme at halveringstiden for det kinetisk regulerte produkt fra reaksjonen mellom trifenylfosfitt og klor i metylenklorid ved romtemperatur, er ca. 8 timer. Som nevnt ovenfor så vil den observerte halveringstid (hastighet med hensyn til omdannelse) for det kinetiske kompleks kunne påvirkes av oppløsningsmidlet og et eventuelt nærvær av en hydrogenhalogenidsyre (HX) eller et overskudd av trifenylfosfitt. Således vil det kunne observeres en kortere halveringstid når oppløsningsmidlet ikke er blitt tørket på forhånd, og en hydrogenhalogenidsyre fremstilt ved en reaksjon mellom det kinetiske kompleks og eventuelt tilstede-værende fuktighet i oppløsningsmidlet, vil også øke omdannelseshastigheten til den stabile formen. ;Tabell I gir en oversikt over flere egenskaper for det kinetisk regulerte produkt og det tilsvarende termodynamisk regulerte produkt av reaksjonen mellom trifenylfosfitt og klor. Betegnelsen kinetisk regulert produkt er et begrep som brukes i kjemien, og som når det brukes med henvisning til reaksjoner som gir to (eller flere) produkter, refererer seg til det produkt som dannes raskest, uten hensyn til dets eventuelle termodynamiske stabilitet. Hvis en slik reaksjon stoppes før produktene oppnår en termodynamisk likevekt, så sies reaksjonen å være kinetisk regulert ettersom det raskest dannede produkt vil være til stede. I visse tilfeller slik som ved reaksjonen mellom trifenylfosfitt og klor, så er dannelseshastigheten av det kinetiske produkt og hastigheten med hensyn til termodynamisk likevekt, slik at det kinetisk regulerte produkt kan fremstilles og brukes før noen betydelig mengde av det kinetisk regulerte produkt ekvili-breres eller isomeriseres til det termodynamisk stabile produkt. ;For å maksimere fremstillingen og stabiliteten til det kinetisk regulerte produkt så velges reaksjonsbetingelsene slik at potensialet for termodynamisk likevekt for produktet i begynnelsen av reaksjonen, minimaliseres. Betingelser for kinetisk regulering oppnås på enklest måte ved å senke reaksjonstemperaturen og temperaturen på det kinetiske produkt etter at dette er dannet, og ved å minimalisere den tid som tillates for å oppnå termodynamisk likevekt, f.eks. ved å bruke det kinetiske produkt i en etterfølgende reaksjon kort etter at det er blitt fremstilt. ;Typisk vil reaktantene trifenylfosfitt og klor kombineres i et i alt vesentlig vannfritt inert organisk oppløsningsmiddel ved temperaturer under ca. 30°C. Skjønt de kinetisk regulerte produkter dannes ved høyere temperaturer, så vil slike betingelser begunstige dannelsen av de termodynamisk regulerte produkter. Dét er foretrukket at trifenylfosfitt-klor-forbindelsen fremstilles ved temperaturer ved eller under ca. 30°C. Minimumstemperaturen vil selvsagt være bestemt av det frysepunkt man har for det anvendte oppløs-ningsmiddel. Mest foretrukket er å anvende reaksjonstempera-turer liggende i området fra -70°C til 0°C. ;Det er funnet at trifenylfosfittet i seg selv til en viss grad reagerer med dets kinetiske reaks]onsprodukt med klor og dette øker omdannelseshastigheten til det tilsvarende termodynamiske produkt. Det er selvfølgelig foretrukket, men ikke påkrevet, at det opprettholdes et overskudd av klor i reaks]onsblandingen under dannelsen av den kinetiske forbindelse. Dette kan oppnås ved at trifenylfosfittet tilsettes til en oppløsning av en ekvivalent mengde av halogenet, eller at halogenet og trifenylfosfittet tilsettes samtidig til en viss mengde av et Inert organisk oppløsnings-middel ved den ønskede temperatur. Den samtidige tilsetningen av reagenser utføres på en slik måte at fargen på halogenet vedvarer i reaksjonsblandingen inntil den siste dråpen av trifenylfosfitt fjerner fargen. Alternativt kan et overskudd av klor fjernes ved å bruke kjente halogenfjernende forbindelser, slik som acetylener eller oleflner, slik som alkener, diener, cykloalkener eller bicykloalkener. En foretrukken forbindelse ii så henseende er et C2-C£,-alken, f.eks. etylen, propylen, butylen eller amylen. ;Den kinetisk regulerte trifenylfosfitt-klorforbindelse som brukes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte blir stabilisert i oppløsningen ved å tilsette fra 10-100 mol-% av en tertiær aminbase med en pK^-verdi på 6-10. Hvis, f.eks. ca. 50 mol-% pyridin tilsettes til en oppløsning av det kinetisk regulerte produkt fra reaksjonen mellom trifenylfosfitt og klor i metylenklorid, så vil det bare kunne påvises spormengder av det termodynamiske 1ikevektsproduktet ved hjelp av <31>P NMS, selv etter lengre perioder ved romtemperatur. Den tertiære aminbasen kan tilsettes en oppløsning av det nylig fremstilte trifenylfosfitt-klorkomplekset, eller kan eventuelt brukes i reaksjonsblandingen av trifenylfosfittet og klor for derved å fremstille en stabilisert oppløsning av det kinetisk regulerte produkt som så brukes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. ;Den halogenfjernende forbindelsen ;Etter hvert som reduksjonsprosessen Ifølge foreliggende fremgangsmåte skrider frem, blir klor dannet som et biprodukt. For å hindre uønskede sidereaksjoner mellom dette klorblprodukt og cefalosporinproduktet, så brukes en halogenfjernende forbindelse i reaksjonsblandingen for å reagere med eller på annen måte inaktivere kloret etter hvert som dette dannes. Med betegnelsen "halogenfjernende forbindelse" menes her organiske forbindelser som lett reagerer med klor og som ikke reagerer med trifenylfosfitt-klorkomplekset som benyttes som et reduksjonsmiddel i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. Representative eksempler på slike halogenfjernende forbindelser som kan brukes er alkener, cykloalkener, bicykloalkener, diener, cyklodiener, blcyklo-diener, alkyner og substituerte aromatiske hydrokarboner som lett underkastes elektrofil substitusjon med klor, f.eks. monofenoler og etere og estere av mono- eller polyfenoler. Eksempler på slike halogenfjernende forbindelser innbefatter C2~CiQ-alkener, slik som etylen, propylen, buten—1, buten—2, isobutylen, penten-1, penten—2, 2—metylen-buten—1, 3—metyl-buten-1, heksen—1, hepten—1, okten—1, de isomere nonener; cykloalkener med 5-8 ringkarbonatomer slik som cyklopenten, cykloheksen, cyklohepten og cyklookten; C4-C3~diener og cyklodiener med 5-8 ringkarbonatomer, f.eks. pentadien, heksadien, heptadien, cklopentadien, cykloheksadlen, cyklooktadlen, 2,3-dimetylbutadlen-l,3-isopren og lignende; alkyner med 2-6 karbonatomer, slik som acetylen, metyl-acetylen, etylacetylen, dimetylacetylen, pentyn—1, pentyn—2, isomere heksyner, 3-metylbutyn-l, 3,3-dimetylbutyn-l, og lignende; acetylener hvor den acetyleniske bindingen lett vil addere klor (man har funnet at fenylacetylen er en utilfreds-stillende klorabsorberende forbindelse i så henseende); bicyklisk umettede hydrokarboner slik som kamfen og pinen; og fenoletere, substituerte fenoletere og laverealkanoylfenol-estere representert ved formelen hvor R4 er Ci-C4-alkyl eller C2~C5-alkanoyl, R5 og R£ er uavhengige av hverandre hydrogen, C^-C^alkoksy, C2-C5-alkanoyl eller Ci~C4-alkyl. Eksempler på slike derivater innbefatter hydrokinonmonometyleteren, hydrokinondimetyleter, anisol, fenetol, m-dimetoksybenzen, veratrol, fenylpropionat, fenylacetat, resorcinoldiacetat og lignende fenoletere og estere som lett reagerer med klor. ;Foretrukne halogenfjernende forbindelser som definert ovenfor er C2-C£,-alkener, f.eks. etylen, propylen, butylen, amylen, cyklopenten eller cykloheksen. ;Ettersom teoretisk minst 1 molekvivalent klor dannes for hvert ekvivalent sulfoksyd som reduseres i foreliggende fremgangsmåte, så må det brukes minst 1 molar ekvivalent mengde av en halogenfjernende forbindelse under cefalosporin-sulfoksydreduksjonsprosessen for hver ekvivalent cefalo-sporinsulfoksyd som benyttes. Typisk vil det brukes 1-3 molekvivalenter av en halogenfjernende forbindelse for hver ekvivalent av utgangsmaterialet, skjønt det også kan brukes større mengder uten at dette påvirker reduksjonen. ;Cy-acylamino-cefalosporinforbindelsene i foreliggende halogeneringsprosess er alle kjente forbindelser eller de kan avledes fra kjente forbindelser ved hjelp av kjente fremgangsmåter. Både patentlitteraturen og den kjemiske litte-ratur rent generelt er full av beskrivelser hvordan man kan fremstille cefalosporinforbindelser som kan brukes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. F.eks. er 3-eksometylencefam-forbindelser beskrevet i US-patentene 3.932.393, 4.052.387 og 4.060.688. 2-metyl-3-cefemer er beskrevet i Journal of the ;American' Chemical Society, 97, 5020 (1975) og 98, 2342 ;(1976). Det er videre i boken Penicillins and Cephalosporins, E.H. Flynn, ed., Academic Press, New York, 1972, beskrevet en rekke cefalosporiner samt fremgangsmåter for deres fremstilling. ;TJtgangsforbindelser for den foreliggende fremgangsmåte kan generelt angis ved følgende formel: ;hvor ;Ri og E har den ovenfor angitte betydning, ;R7 er benzyl, fenoksymetyl, fenyl eventuelt substituert med metyl eller 2-tienylmetyl, og n er 0 eller 1. ;I den grad det ikke er noen ubeskyttede amino-, hydroksy-, karboksygrupper eller andre protiske substituenter på disse utgangsforbindelser, så vil type av de variable E, R^ og E7 ikke være kritiske for foreliggende fremgangsmåte. Det er C7-amidofunksjonaliteten som blir modifisert under de forelig- ;gende betingelser, dvs. fra -CONH- eller ;;R, Ri og R7;forblir typisk upåvirket. Som i de fleste andre kjemiske prosesser så kan naturligvis utbytter av iminohalogenid-produkter eller kjerneestere avledet derfra variere fra en forbindelse til en annen. ;Hver av de prosessuførelser som er beskrevet ovenfor kan utføres 1 nærvær av en tertiær aminbase. Typisk vil man bruke 1,0-1,2■ekvivalenter, fortrinnsvis ca. 1,0 ekvivalent av en tertiær aminbase for hver ekvivalent av halogeneringsmidlet. Foretrukne tertiære aminbaser for foreliggende fremgangsmåte og kombinasjonen enolhalogenering/iminohalogenerlngen som er beskrevet nedenfor, er de som har en pK^-verdi på 1-10. Mer foretrukket er de tertiære aminobaser med en pK^-verdi på 6-10. Eksempler på egnede tertiære aminbaser for bruk i foreliggende fremgangsmåte er trialkylamlner, slik som trimetylamin, trietylamin, trl-n-propylamin, etyldimetylamin, benzyldietylamin og lignende; dialkylarylaminer slik som dimetylanilin, dietylanilin, N,N-dietyl-4-metylanilin, N-metyl-N-etylanilin, N,N-dimetyltoluidin og lignende; cykliske og bicykliske tertiære aminer slik som pyridin, kollidin, kinolin, isokinolin, 2,6-lutidin, 2,4-lutidin, l,5-diazobicyklo[4,3,0]nonen-5 (DBN), 1,5-diazobicyklo-[5,4,0]undecen-5 (DBU), trietylendiamin og lignende; polymere tertiære aminbaser slik som den kopolymer som dannes fra divinylbenzen og vinylpyridin, slik det er beskrevet av Hallensleben og Wurm i Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. Engl., 15., 163 ;(1976). Pyridin er en foretrukket tertiær aminbase. ;Reduksjon/ enol- halogenering/ iminohalogenering ;;Eeaksjonsskjemaet ovenfor representerer en foretrukket utførelse av foreliggende oppfinnelse, og her blir et 3-halogen-cefalosporinlminohalogenid fremstilt ved at et 7—acylamino-3-hydroksycefalosporin omsettes med 3-5 ekvivalenter av trifenylfosfitt-klorkomplekset i nærvær av minst 1 ekvivalent av en halogenabsorberende forbindelse, og 2-3 ekvivalenter aven tertiær aminbase i et i alt vesentlig vannfritt inert organisk oppløsningsmiddel ved en temperatur på ca. 30°C eller under. De beste resultater har blitt oppnådd når det anvendes ca. 4,4 ekvivalenter av kinetisk trifenylfosfitt-klorkompleks og ca. 3,8 ekvivalenter pyridin for hver ekvivalent av nevnte 7-acylamino-3-hydroksycefalo-sporin og når metylenklorid anvendes som oppløsningsmiddel. ;Ettersom hovedformålet med iminohalogenldproduktene er mellomprodukter for de tilsvarende Cy-amlnocefalosporiner, så blir iminohalogenldproduktene som fremstilles ifølge foreliggende fremgangsmåte fortrinnsvis omsatt uten Isolering fra reaksjonsblandingen hvor reduksjon og halogenering har funnet sted, med et overskudd av en C^-Cis-alifatisk alkohol eller mer foretrukket en e-disubstituert primær alifatiske alkohol, eller en 1,2- eller 1,3-diol, hvorved man får tilveiebragt tilsvarende kjerneestere. ;Den forebedrede alkoholyse av cefemiminohalogenider via et iminoeter-mellomprodukt ved anvendelse av e-disubstituerte alifatiske alkoholer og 1,2- eller 1,3-dioler for fremstilling av cefemkjerneestere, er beskrevet i US-patent 3.845.043. ;Foretrukket for iminoforetringen og etterfølgende alkoholyse av iminohalogenldproduktene er en C4-Ci2-P-disubstituert primær alifatisk alkohol, en C3-Ci5-alifatisk 1,3-diol eller en C2-C12-alifatisk 1,2-diol. ;Egnede p-disubstituerte primære alifatiske alkoholer er de som har formelen: hvor hver av gruppene Rx og Ry er en alkylgruppe slik at den 3-disubstituerte primære alifatiske alkoholen har 4-12 karbonatomer eller hvor Rx og Ry sammen med det karbonatom til hvilket de er knyttet, danner en cykloalkylgruppe med 5-8 karbonatomer. Eksempler på slike alkoholer er isobutanol, 2-metylbutanol, 2-etylbutanol, 2-etylheksanol, hydroksy-metylcyklopentan, hydroksymetylcykloheksan, 2-n-butyloktanol, 2-n-propylheksanol og lignende alkoholer. Egnede 1,2- eller 1,3-dioler er de med følgende formel: ;respektivt, hvor Rc og Rd er hydrogen eller alkyl slik at 1,2-diolen har 2-12 karbonatomer, og hvor Rw og Rz hver er hydrogen, metyl eller etyl, og hver av gruppene Re og Rf er hydrogen eller en hydrokarbongruppe slik at 1,3-diolen har 3—15 karbonatomer. Representative eksempler på 1,2—dioler er 1.2- propylenglykol, 2,3-butandiol, 1,2-butandiol, 3,4-pentandiol og 3,4—heksandiol. Representative 1,3—dioler er 1.3- propandiol, 1,3-butandiol , 1,3-pentandiol, 2,2-dimetyl-1,3-propandiol, 2,2—dietyl-1,3-propandiol , 2,4-pentandiol og 2.2- difenyl-1,3-propandiol. Mest foretrukket er alkoholer eller dioler for spalting av iminohalogenldproduktene i foreliggende fremgangsmåte er isobutanol, 1,2—propandiol og 1.3— propandiol. ;Det brukes et overskudd av alkoholen eller diolen for å spalte iminohalogenldproduktene i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. Mengden av overskudd alkohol eller diol er ikke kritisk. Når de forannevnte 1,2— eller 1,3-dioler anvendes er det tilstrekkelig med et overskudd på 2-3 ganger. Når en <g>—disubstituert primær alifatisk alkohol anvendes, så er det vanligvis foretrukket å bruke 3-6 gangers overskudd. Selvsagt kan det brukes større mengder av alkoholen eller diolen uten at dette påvirker selve reaksjonen. Ofte er det foretrukket å bruke 10-15 gangers overskudd av den foretrukne alkohol eller diol. Vanligvis vil det være å foretrekke å bruk et 3—15 gangers overskudd av alkoholen eller diolen. Når det brukes andre alifatiske alkoholer enn de som er nevnt ovenfor, så bør det typisk anvendes større overskudder, dvs. 10-100 gangers overskudd. ;Vanligvis blir bare alkoholen eller diolen tilsatt til halogeneringsblandingen hvor iminokloridet er blitt fremstilt som beskrevet ovenfor. ;Alkoholyse av iminohalogenidet (via iminoeterdannelse) er syrekatalysert. Reaksjonsblandingen er vanligvis i seg selv tilstrekkelig sur til at alkoholysen skjer ved alkohol- eller dioltilsetning uten at det er nødvendig å tilsette syre. For å øke alkoholysehastigheten er det imidlertid ønskelig å surgjøre reaksjonsblandingen, fortrinnsvis f.eks. med hydrogenklorid etter at alkoholen eller diolen har blitt tilsatt. Dette kan gjøres ved å boble HCl-gass inn i reaksjonsblandingen i et kort tidsrom. Det kan imidlertid også brukes andre syrer både av organisk og uorganisk natur. Vanligvis tilsettes minst 1 ekvivalent hydrogenklorid til reaksjonsblandingen for å fremme kjerneesterdannelse. ;Produkt-kjerneesterene kan ofte isoleres som sine krystallinske hydrokloridsalter ved at det utkrystalliserte produkt fra filtreres fra reaksjonsblandingen. Ikke-krystallinske kjerneestere fremstilt ved foreliggende fremgangsmåte kan isoleres fra reaksjonsblandingen ved hjelp av vanlig kjent laboratorieteknikk. Alternativt kan kjerneesterene reageres (acyleres) i oppløsning uten ytterligere isolering. En acylering av kjerneestere er velkjent, og gir Cy-acylamino-cefalosporinestere som enten kan deforestres til kjente antibiotiske forbindelser eller som kan brukes som mellom-produker for ytterligere kjemisk modifikasjon. ;Nevnte kombinasjon av en reduksjon/-enol-iminohalogenering hvor det anvendes et trifenylfosfItt-klorkompleks og en etterfølgende alkoholyse av det resulterende iminoklorid, er en forbedret fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av 7-amino-3-klor-3-cefem-4-karboksylsyreestere fra de tilsvarende 7-acylamino-3-hydroksy-3-cefem-4-karboksyl syreestersulf-oksyder. Før foreliggende oppfinnelse ble den totale 3-funksjonsomdannelsen utført enten i tre separate trinn, dvs. reduksjon, klorering og sidekjedespaltning, eller i to trinn, hvor man enten kombinerte reduksjon og klorering (se US-patent 3.115.643) og en etterfølgende sidekjedespaltning, eller ved å kombinere klorering og sidekjedespaltning etter reduksjon av sulfoksydmolekylet, f.eks. ved å bruke den fremgangsmåte som er beskrevet i US-patent 4.044.002. Ved hjelp av foreliggende fremgangsmåte kan reduksjonen, kloreringen og spaltningsomdannelsene utføres med utmerket utbytte 1 et enkelt reaksjonskar uten at det er nødvendig å isolere mellomproduktene. ;3-halogencefemkjerneesterene er kjente forbindelser. De kan acyleres ved å bruke vanlig kjent acyleringsteknikk og deretter deforestres til kjente antibiotiske forbindelser. Av spesiell betydning er anvendelsen av disse kjerneester-mellomprodukter for fremstilling av 7-D-2-fenyl-2-aminoacet-amido-3-klor-3-cefem-4-karboksylsyre, et relativt nytt og klinisk betydningsfullt antibiotikum. ;I en foretrukken utførelse av foreliggende fremgangsmåte blir et 7-amino-3-klor-3-cefem-4-karboksylsyreesterhydroklorid med formelen: ;fremstilt ved ;a) omsetning av et 7-acylamino-3-hydroksy-3-cefem-4-karboksylsyreestersulfoksyd med 4,0-5,0 ekvivalenter av ;det kinetisk kontrollerte produkt fra reaksjonen mellom ekvivalente mengder av trifenylfosfitt og klor i et i alt vesentlig vannfritt inert organisk oppløsningsmiddel og i nærvær av 3,5-4,0 ekvivalenter pyridin og 1-3 ekvivalenter av et C2-C6-alken I et i alt vesentlig vannfritt inert organisk oppløsningsmiddel ved temperaturer fra —10°C ;til-30°C; ;b) tilsetning av 3-15 ekvivalenter isobutanol, 1,3-propandiol eller 1,2—propandiol til reaksjonsblandingen etter ;dannelsen av nevnte 3-klor-3-cefem-iminoklorid; og ;c) surgjør reaksjonsblandingen med HC1. ;Det mest foretrukne inerte organiske oppløsningsmiddel er ;metylenklorid. ;Foretrukne 3-hydroksy-3-cefemsulfoksydsubstrater er de som har den vanlig kjente penicillin og cefalosporinkarboksamido-grupper i Cy-stillingen. En spesielt foretrukken gruppe 3—hydroksy-3-cefemsulfoksyder er de som har en acylamino-gruppe med formelen R°-(Q )m-CQ1Q2C0NH- hvor R° er 2-tienyl, fenyl eller substituert fenyl, Q er 0, m er 1 eller 0 og og Q2 er hydrogen. Mest foretrukket av økonomiske grunner, men ikke nødvendigvis på bakgrunn av reaktivitet, er C7—substituentene fenylacetamido, fenoksyacetamido og 2-tienylacetamido. På lignende måte er 4-nitrobenzylgruppen en foretrukken karboksybeskyttende gruppe i den foretrukne fremgangsmåte på grunn av at hydrokloridproduktet er krystallinsk, og dett gjør at man lett kan isolere en produktkjerneester med høy enhet. ;Følgende eksempler Illustrerer oppfinnelsen. I det følgende er kjernemagnetiske resonansspektra forkortet til NMR, og disse kjernemagnetiske resonansspektra ble oppnådd på et Varian Associates T-60 spektrometer ved anvendelse av tetrametylsilan som referansestandard. De kjemiske forskyv-ninger er uttrykt i S-verdier i deler pr. million (ppm) og koblingskonstantene (J) er uttrykt som Hz (sykler pr. sekund). ;Eksempel 1 ;4'- nitrobenzvl- 7- amlno- 3- klor- 3- cefem- 4- karboksvlat. ;hydroklorid ;En oppløsning av kinetisk trifenylfosfittkloridkompleks ble fremstilt ved å tilsette klor og trifenylfosfitt (36,8 ml, 3,5 ekvivalenter pr. ekvivalent av cefemsulfoksydet som ble brukt nedenfor -22,3 g) til 150 ml metylenklor id ved fra -20°C til-10°C, idet en gul farge på reaksjonsblandingen ble opprettholdt under hele tilsetningen. Ved tilsetning av de siste dråper av trifenylfosfitt til blandingen ga den en negativ stivelse-jodprøve på klor. Etter avkjøling av blandingen til —25°C ble 5,1 ml amylen tilsatt og deretter 22,3 g 4 *-nitrobenzyl-7-fenoksyacetamido-3-hydroksy-3-cefem-4-karboksylat, 1-oksyd. Etter omrøring i 25 min. ved fra -15°C til -10°C ble 11 ml (3,4 ekvivalenter pr. ekvivalent av cefemsulfoksyd) pyridin i30 ml metylenklorid tilsatt dråpevis. Pyridintilsetningen varte i 53 min. 15 min. etter pyridintilsetnlngen ble 37 ml (10 ekvivalenter) isobutanol tilsatt, og HC1 ble boblet inn i reaksjonsblandingen i 6 min. Tittelproduktet utkrystalliserte seg fra oppløsningen og ble isolert ved filtrering, vasket med 10 ml metylenklorid og tørket i vakuum. Utbytte 6,4 g ( 37%). By using 3-*-P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, it has been possible to determine that the half-life for the kinetically regulated product from the reaction between triphenylphosphite and chlorine in methylene chloride at room temperature is approx. 8 hours. As mentioned above, the observed half-life (speed with regard to conversion) for the kinetic complex could be affected by the solvent and the possible presence of a hydrogen halide acid (HX) or an excess of triphenylphosphite. Thus, a shorter half-life can be observed when the solvent has not been dried beforehand, and a hydrohalic acid produced by a reaction between the kinetic complex and any moisture present in the solvent will also increase the rate of conversion to the stable form. Table I gives an overview of several properties for the kinetically regulated product and the corresponding thermodynamically regulated product of the reaction between triphenylphosphite and chlorine. The term kinetically regulated product is a term used in chemistry, which, when used with reference to reactions that give two (or more) products, refers to the product that is formed the fastest, regardless of its possible thermodynamic stability. If such a reaction is stopped before the products reach a thermodynamic equilibrium, then the reaction is said to be kinetically regulated as the fastest formed product will be present. In certain cases, such as in the reaction between triphenylphosphite and chlorine, the rate of formation of the kinetic product and the rate with respect to thermodynamic equilibrium, so that the kinetically regulated product can be prepared and used before any significant amount of the kinetically regulated product equilibrates or isomerized to the thermodynamically stable product. ;In order to maximize the production and stability of the kinetically regulated product, the reaction conditions are chosen so that the potential for thermodynamic equilibrium for the product at the beginning of the reaction is minimized. Conditions for kinetic regulation are achieved in the simplest way by lowering the reaction temperature and the temperature of the kinetic product after it is formed, and by minimizing the time allowed to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium, e.g. by using the kinetic product in a subsequent reaction shortly after it has been produced. ;Typically, the reactants triphenylphosphite and chlorine will be combined in an essentially anhydrous inert organic solvent at temperatures below approx. 30°C. Although the kinetically regulated products are formed at higher temperatures, such conditions will favor the formation of the thermodynamically regulated products. It is preferred that the triphenylphosphite-chlorine compound is prepared at temperatures at or below approx. 30°C. The minimum temperature will of course be determined by the freezing point of the solvent used. It is most preferred to use reaction temperatures in the range from -70°C to 0°C. It has been found that the triphenyl phosphite itself reacts to a certain extent with its kinetic reaction product with chlorine and this increases the rate of conversion to the corresponding thermodynamic product. It is of course preferred, but not required, that an excess of chlorine is maintained in the reaction mixture during the formation of the kinetic compound. This can be achieved by adding the triphenyl phosphite to a solution of an equivalent amount of the halogen, or by adding the halogen and the triphenyl phosphite simultaneously to a certain amount of an inert organic solvent at the desired temperature. The simultaneous addition of reagents is carried out in such a way that the color of the halogen persists in the reaction mixture until the last drop of triphenylphosphite removes the color. Alternatively, an excess of chlorine can be removed by using known halogen-removing compounds, such as acetylenes or olefins, such as alkenes, dienes, cycloalkenes or bicycloalkenes. A preferred compound in this respect is a C 2 -C 6 -alkene, e.g. ethylene, propylene, butylene or amylene. The kinetically controlled triphenylphosphite-chlorine compound used in the present process is stabilized in solution by adding from 10-100 mol-% of a tertiary amine base with a pK^ value of 6-10. If, e.g. about. 50 mol-% pyridine is added to a solution of the kinetically regulated product from the reaction between triphenylphosphite and chlorine in methylene chloride, then only trace amounts of the thermodynamic equilibrium product can be detected using <31>P NMS, even after longer periods at room temperature. The tertiary amine base can be added to a solution of the newly prepared triphenylphosphite-chlorine complex, or can optionally be used in the reaction mixture of the triphenylphosphite and chlorine to thereby produce a stabilized solution of the kinetically regulated product which is then used in the present method. ;The halogen-removing compound ;As the reduction process according to the present method progresses, chlorine is formed as a by-product. To prevent unwanted side reactions between this chlorine product and the cephalosporin product, a halogen scavenging compound is used in the reaction mixture to react with or otherwise inactivate the chlorine as it is formed. By the term "halogen-removing compound" is meant here organic compounds which readily react with chlorine and which do not react with the triphenylphosphite-chlorine complex which is used as a reducing agent in the present method. Representative examples of such halogen-removing compounds that can be used are alkenes, cycloalkenes, bicycloalkenes, dienes, cyclodienes, blcyclodienes, alkynes and substituted aromatic hydrocarbons which are easily subjected to electrophilic substitution with chlorine, e.g. monophenols and ethers and esters of mono- or polyphenols. Examples of such halogen scavenging compounds include C2~C1Q alkenes, such as ethylene, propylene, butene-1, butene-2, isobutylene, pentene-1, pentene-2, 2-methylene-butene-1, 3-methyl-butene- 1, hexene—1, heptene—1, octene—1, the isomeric nonenes; cycloalkenes with 5-8 ring carbon atoms such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene and cyclooctene; C4-C3~dienes and cyclodienes with 5-8 ring carbon atoms, e.g. pentadiene, hexadiene, heptadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadlene, cyclooctadlene, 2,3-dimethylbutadlene-1,3-isoprene and the like; alkynes with 2-6 carbon atoms, such as acetylene, methylacetylene, ethylacetylene, dimethylacetylene, pentyne-1, pentyne-2, isomeric hexynes, 3-methylbutyne-1, 3,3-dimethylbutyne-1, and the like; acetylenes where the acetylenic bond will readily add chlorine (phenylacetylene has been found to be an unsatisfactory chlorine absorbing compound in this respect); bicyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons such as camphene and pinene; and phenol ethers, substituted phenol ethers and lower alkanoyl phenol esters represented by the formula where R 4 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 2 -C 5 -alkanoyl, R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 2 -C 5 -alkanoyl or C 1 -C 4 alkyl. Examples of such derivatives include hydroquinone monomethyl ether, hydroquinone dimethyl ether, anisole, phenetol, m-dimethoxybenzene, veratrol, phenylpropionate, phenylacetate, resorcinol diacetate and similar phenol ethers and esters which readily react with chlorine. Preferred halogen scavenging compounds as defined above are C 2 -C 6 -alkenes, e.g. ethylene, propylene, butylene, amylene, cyclopentene or cyclohexene. As theoretically at least 1 molar equivalent of chlorine is formed for each equivalent of sulfoxide that is reduced in the present method, then at least 1 molar equivalent amount of a halogen-removing compound must be used during the cephalosporin sulfoxide reduction process for each equivalent of cephalosporin sulfoxide that is used. Typically, 1-3 molar equivalents of a halogen-removing compound will be used for each equivalent of the starting material, although larger amounts can also be used without this affecting the reduction. The Cy-acylamino-cephalosporin compounds in the present halogenation process are all known compounds or they can be derived from known compounds using known methods. Both the patent literature and the chemical literature in general are full of descriptions of how to prepare cephalosporin compounds that can be used in the present method. E.g. are 3-exomethylene cepham compounds described in US Patents 3,932,393, 4,052,387 and 4,060,688. 2-Methyl-3-cephem is described in the Journal of the 'American' Chemical Society, 97, 5020 (1975) and 98, 2342 (1976). It is further in the book Penicillins and Cephalosporins, E.H. Flynn, ed., Academic Press, New York, 1972, described a number of cephalosporins and methods of their preparation. Starting compounds for the present method can generally be indicated by the following formula: where R 1 and E have the above meaning, R 7 is benzyl, phenoxymethyl, phenyl optionally substituted with methyl or 2-thienylmethyl, and n is 0 or 1. ; To the extent that there are no unprotected amino, hydroxy, carboxyl groups or other protic substituents on these starting compounds, the type of the variables E, R1 and E7 will not be critical for the present method. It is the C7-amido functionality that is modified under the present conditions, i.e. from -CONH- or ;;R, Ri and R7; typically remain unaffected. As in most other chemical processes, yields of iminohalide products or core esters derived therefrom can of course vary from one compound to another. Each of the processes described above can be carried out in the presence of a tertiary amine base. Typically 1.0-1.2 equivalents will be used, preferably approx. 1.0 equivalent of a tertiary amine base for each equivalent of the halogenating agent. Preferred tertiary amine bases for the present process and the combination enol halogenation/imino halogenation described below are those having a pK 2 value of 1-10. More preferably, they are tertiary amino bases with a pK 2 value of 6-10. Examples of suitable tertiary amine bases for use in the present process are trialkylamines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, ethyldimethylamine, benzyldiethylamine and the like; dialkylarylamines such as dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, N,N-diethyl-4-methylaniline, N-methyl-N-ethylaniline, N,N-dimethyltoluidine and the like; cyclic and bicyclic tertiary amines such as pyridine, collidine, quinoline, isoquinoline, 2,6-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, 1,5-diazobicyclo[4,3,0]nonen-5 (DBN), 1,5- diazobicyclo-[5,4,0]undecene-5 (DBU), triethylenediamine and the like; polymeric tertiary amine bases such as the copolymer formed from divinylbenzene and vinylpyridine, as described by Hallensleben and Wurm in Angew. Chem. International Oath. Engl., 15., 163 ;(1976). Pyridine is a preferred tertiary amine base. ;Reduction/enol-halogenation/iminohalogenation ;;The action scheme above represents a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and here a 3-halo-cephalosporin-iminohalide is prepared by reacting a 7-acylamino-3-hydroxycephalosporin with 3-5 equivalents of the triphenylphosphite-chlorine complex in the presence of at least 1 equivalent of a halogen absorbing compound, and 2-3 equivalents of tertiary amine base in a substantially anhydrous inert organic solvent at a temperature of approx. 30°C or below. The best results have been achieved when approx. 4.4 equivalents of kinetic triphenylphosphite-chlorine complex and approx. 3.8 equivalents of pyridine for each equivalent of said 7-acylamino-3-hydroxycephalosporin and when methylene chloride is used as solvent. As the main purpose of the iminohalide products are intermediates for the corresponding Cy-aminocephalosporins, the iminohalide products produced according to the present method are preferably reacted without isolation from the reaction mixture where reduction and halogenation have taken place, with an excess of a C^-Cis-aliphatic alcohol or more preferably an ε-disubstituted primary aliphatic alcohol, or a 1,2- or 1,3-diol, whereby corresponding core esters are obtained. ;The improved alcoholysis of cephemiminohalides via an iminoether intermediate using ε-disubstituted aliphatic alcohols and 1,2- or 1,3-diols for the preparation of cephem core esters is described in US Patent 3,845,043. Preferred for the iminophoresis and subsequent alcoholysis of the iminohalogen products is a C4-C12-P-disubstituted primary aliphatic alcohol, a C3-C15-aliphatic 1,3-diol or a C2-C12-aliphatic 1,2-diol. Suitable p-disubstituted primary aliphatic alcohols are those having the formula: where each of the groups Rx and Ry is an alkyl group such that the 3-disubstituted primary aliphatic alcohol has 4-12 carbon atoms or where Rx and Ry together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, forming a cycloalkyl group with 5-8 carbon atoms. Examples of such alcohols are isobutanol, 2-methylbutanol, 2-ethylbutanol, 2-ethylhexanol, hydroxymethylcyclopentane, hydroxymethylcyclohexane, 2-n-butyloctanol, 2-n-propylhexanol and similar alcohols. Suitable 1,2- or 1,3-diols are those with the following formula: respectively, where Rc and Rd are hydrogen or alkyl such that the 1,2-diol has 2-12 carbon atoms, and where Rw and Rz are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and each of the groups Re and Rf is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group so that the 1,3-diol has 3-15 carbon atoms. Representative examples of 1,2-diols are 1,2-propylene glycol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 3,4-pentanediol and 3,4-hexanediol. Representative 1,3-diols are 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,4 -pentanediol and 2,2-diphenyl-1,3-propanediol. The most preferred alcohols or diols for cleavage of the iminohalogen products in the present process are isobutanol, 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol. An excess of the alcohol or diol is used to cleave the iminohalogen products in the present process. The amount of excess alcohol or diol is not critical. When the aforementioned 1,2- or 1,3-diols are used, an excess of 2-3 times is sufficient. When a <g>-disubstituted primary aliphatic alcohol is used, it is usually preferred to use a 3-6 fold excess. Of course, larger quantities of the alcohol or diol can be used without this affecting the reaction itself. Often it is preferred to use a 10-15 times excess of the preferred alcohol or diol. Usually it will be preferable to use a 3-15 times excess of the alcohol or diol. When aliphatic alcohols other than those mentioned above are used, larger excesses should typically be used, i.e. 10-100 times the excess. Usually only the alcohol or diol is added to the halogenation mixture where the imino chloride has been prepared as described above. Alcoholysis of the iminohalide (via iminoether formation) is acid-catalysed. The reaction mixture is usually sufficiently acidic in itself that the alcoholysis occurs upon addition of alcohol or diol without it being necessary to add acid. In order to increase the rate of alcoholysis, however, it is desirable to acidify the reaction mixture, preferably e.g. with hydrogen chloride after the alcohol or diol has been added. This can be done by bubbling HCl gas into the reaction mixture for a short period of time. However, other acids of both organic and inorganic nature can also be used. Typically, at least 1 equivalent of hydrogen chloride is added to the reaction mixture to promote core ester formation. The product core esters can often be isolated as their crystalline hydrochloride salts by filtering the crystallized product from the reaction mixture. Non-crystalline core esters produced by the present method can be isolated from the reaction mixture using commonly known laboratory techniques. Alternatively, the core esters can be reacted (acylated) in solution without further isolation. Acylation of core esters is well known, and gives Cy-acylamino-cephalosporin esters which can either be de-esterified to known antibiotic compounds or which can be used as intermediates for further chemical modification. Said combination of a reduction/-enol-iminohalogenation using a triphenylphosphite-chlorine complex and a subsequent alcoholysis of the resulting iminochloride is an improved process for the preparation of 7-amino-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid esters from the corresponding 7-acylamino-3-hydroxy-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid ester sulfoxides. Prior to the present invention, the total 3-function conversion was carried out either in three separate steps, i.e. reduction, chlorination and side chain cleavage, or in two steps, where one either combined reduction and chlorination (see US patent 3,115,643) and a subsequent side chain cleavage, or by combining chlorination and side chain cleavage after reduction of the sulfoxide molecule, e.g. using the method described in US patent 4,044,002. By means of the present method, the reduction, chlorination and cleavage conversions can be carried out with excellent yield in a single reaction vessel without the need to isolate the intermediate products. The 3-halogen pentanuclear esters are known compounds. They can be acylated using commonly known acylation techniques and then deesterified to known antibiotic compounds. Of particular importance is the use of these core ester intermediates for the production of 7-D-2-phenyl-2-aminoacet-amido-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, a relatively new and clinically important antibiotic. ;In a preferred embodiment of the present method, a 7-amino-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid ester hydrochloride with the formula: ;is produced by ;a) reaction of a 7-acylamino-3-hydroxy-3-cephem-4 -carboxylic acid ester sulfoxide with 4.0-5.0 equivalents of the kinetically controlled product from the reaction between equivalent amounts of triphenylphosphite and chlorine in a substantially anhydrous inert organic solvent and in the presence of 3.5-4.0 equivalents of pyridine and 1 -3 equivalents of a C2-C6 alkene in an essentially anhydrous inert organic solvent at temperatures from -10°C to -30°C; b) addition of 3-15 equivalents of isobutanol, 1,3-propanediol or 1,2-propanediol to the reaction mixture after the formation of said 3-chloro-3-cephemiminochloride; and ;c) acidifying the reaction mixture with HCl. The most preferred inert organic solvent is methylene chloride. Preferred 3-hydroxy-3-cephem sulfoxide substrates are those having the commonly known penicillin and cephalosporin carboxamido groups in the Cy position. A particularly preferred group of 3-hydroxy-3-cephem sulfoxides are those having an acylamino group of the formula R°-(Q )m-CQ1Q2C0NH- where R° is 2-thienyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, Q is 0, m is 1 or 0 and and Q2 is hydrogen. Most preferred for economic reasons, but not necessarily on the basis of reactivity, are the C7 substituents phenylacetamido, phenoxyacetamido and 2-thienylacetamido. Similarly, the 4-nitrobenzyl group is a preferred carboxy protecting group in the preferred method due to the fact that the hydrochloride product is crystalline, and this allows one to easily isolate a product core ester of high unity. ;The following examples illustrate the invention. In the following, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are abbreviated to NMR, and these nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained on a Varian Associates T-60 spectrometer using tetramethylsilane as a reference standard. The chemical shifts are expressed in S values in parts per million (ppm) and the coupling constants (J) are expressed as Hz (cycles per second). Example 1 4'-nitrobenzvl-7-amino-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylate. ;hydrochloride ;A solution of kinetic triphenylphosphite chloride complex was prepared by adding chlorine and triphenylphosphite (36.8 mL, 3.5 equivalents per equivalent of the cephem sulfoxide used below -22.3 g) to 150 mL of methylene chloride at from -20 °C to -10 °C, a yellow color of the reaction mixture being maintained throughout the addition. On adding the last drops of triphenyl phosphite to the mixture it gave a negative starch-iodine test for chlorine. After cooling the mixture to -25°C, 5.1 ml of amylene was added and then 22.3 g of 4*-nitrobenzyl-7-phenoxyacetamido-3-hydroxy-3-cephem-4-carboxylate, 1-oxide. After stirring for 25 min. at from -15°C to -10°C, 11 ml (3.4 equivalents per equivalent of cephem sulfoxide) of pyridine in 30 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise. The pyridine addition lasted 53 min. 15 min. after the pyridine addition, 37 ml (10 equivalents) of isobutanol was added, and HCl was bubbled into the reaction mixture for 6 min. The title product crystallized from the solution and was isolated by filtration, washed with 10 ml of methylene chloride and dried in vacuo. Yield 6.4 g (37%).
NMR (DMS0-d6): 4,06 (bs, 2), 5,33 (q, 2, J=4,5 Hz, e-laktam H), 5,5 (s, 2), 7,8-83 (ArH) og 8,6 (meget bred, s, -NH3<+>). NMR (DMS0-d6): 4.06 (bs, 2), 5.33 (q, 2, J=4.5 Hz, ε-lactam H), 5.5 (s, 2), 7.8- 83 (ArH) and 8.6 (very broad, s, -NH3<+>).
Eksempler 2- 45 Examples 2- 45
Den reaksjonen som er beskrevet i eksempel 1, ble undersøkt i detalj i et forsøk på å optimalisere reaksjonsbetingelsene. Tabell I angir resultatene av disse undersøkelser. Samme generelle fremgangsmåte som beskrevet i eksempel 1 ble benyttet og de mengder av reagenser og reaksjonstider som er angitt i tabellen ble anvendt. Selve cefemsulfoksydet og den mengde som ble benyttet (22,3 g), samt mengden av metylen-kloridoppløsnlngsmiddel for pyridinet (30 ml) og mengden av isobutanol (37 ml), ble holdt konstant i hvert av de angitte eksempler. The reaction described in Example 1 was investigated in detail in an attempt to optimize the reaction conditions. Table I indicates the results of these investigations. The same general method as described in example 1 was used and the amounts of reagents and reaction times indicated in the table were used. The cephem sulfoxide itself and the amount used (22.3 g), as well as the amount of methylene chloride solvent for the pyridine (30 ml) and the amount of isobutanol (37 ml), were kept constant in each of the examples given.
Eksempel 46 Example 46
4'- nltroben2vl- 7- amino- 3- klor- 3- cefem- 4- karboksylat En oppløsning av trifenylfosfitt-klor (TPP-C)-kompleks ble fremstilt fra 23 ml trifenylfosfitt og klor ilOO ml metylenklorid ved hjelp av den fremgangsmåte som er beskrevet i eksempel 1. Denne oppløsningen ble ved —10°C til-15°C tilsatt til 5,28 ml cyklopenten (3,0 ekvivalenter pr. ekvivalent av cefemsulfoksydutgangsmaterialet) og deretter 11,15 g 4'-nitrobenzyl-7-fenoksyacetamido-3-hydroksy-3-cefem-4-karboksylat, 1-oksyd. En oppløsning av 6,2 ml pyridin i 15 ml metylenklorid ble tilsatt dråpevis i løpet av en time, mens temperaturen ble holdt på -10°C til -15°C. Deretter ble 18,5 ml isobutanol tilsatt og gassformet HC1 ble boblet gjennom blandingen i 3 minutter. Reaksjonsblandingen ble så oppvarmet til romtemperatur, og ble etter 2 timer filtrert og ga tittelproduktet i utbytte på 80,4$. 4'- nltroben2vl- 7- amino- 3- chloro- 3- cephem- 4- carboxylate A solution of triphenyl phosphite-chlorine (TPP-C) complex was prepared from 23 ml of triphenyl phosphite and chlorine in 100 ml of methylene chloride by the method of is described in Example 1. This solution was added at -10°C to -15°C to 5.28 ml of cyclopentene (3.0 equivalents per equivalent of cephem sulfoxide starting material) and then 11.15 g of 4'-nitrobenzyl-7- Phenoxyacetamido-3-hydroxy-3-cephem-4-carboxylate, 1-oxidn. A solution of 6.2 ml of pyridine in 15 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise over the course of one hour, while the temperature was maintained at -10°C to -15°C. Then 18.5 ml of isobutanol was added and gaseous HCl was bubbled through the mixture for 3 minutes. The reaction mixture was then warmed to room temperature, and after 2 hours was filtered to give the title product in a yield of $80.4.
Eksemplene 47 - 50 Examples 47 - 50
Samme fremgangsmåte og mengder av reagenser (ekvivalenter) som beskrevet i eksempel 46 ble benyttet bortsett fra at den halogenabsorberende forbindelsen ble variert. Tabell II angir resultatene for eksemplene 47-50. The same procedure and amounts of reagents (equivalents) as described in Example 46 were used except that the halogen absorbing compound was varied. Table II sets forth the results for Examples 47-50.
Eksempel 51 Example 51
4 ' - nitrobenzyl- 7- amino- 3- klor- 3- cefem- 4- karboksylat, hydroklorid ( acetonitrll) 4' - nitrobenzyl- 7- amino- 3- chloro- 3- cephem- 4- carboxylate, hydrochloride (acetonitrile)
(A) Ved å bruke den fremgangsmåte som er beskrevet 1 eksempel 1 ble TPP-C-komplekset fremstilt fra klor og 23,0 ml (A) Using the procedure described in Example 1, the TPP-C complex was prepared from chlorine and 23.0 ml
trifenylfosfitt i 100 ml acetonitrll. Oppløsningen ble tilsatt til 3,2 ml amylen og 11,15 g 4'-nitrobenzyl-7-fenoksy-acetamido-3-hydroksy-3-cefem-4-karboksylat, 1—oksyd. 6,2 ml pyridin i acetonitril ble så tilsatt dråpevis. Etter pyridintilsetningen ble 18,5 ml isobutanol tilsatt. Gassformig HC1 ble boblet inn i reaksjonsblandingen og temperaturen på blandingen steg til 40°C. Et isbad ble brukt for å avkjøle blandingen til ca. 25°C, og tittelproduktet utkrystalliserte seg fra blandingen ved 28°C og ble isolert i et utbytte på 46,5$. triphenyl phosphite in 100 ml of acetonitrile. The solution was added to 3.2 ml of amylene and 11.15 g of 4'-nitrobenzyl-7-phenoxy-acetamido-3-hydroxy-3-cephem-4-carboxylate, 1-oxide. 6.2 ml of pyridine in acetonitrile was then added dropwise. After the pyridine addition, 18.5 ml of isobutanol was added. Gaseous HCl was bubbled into the reaction mixture and the temperature of the mixture rose to 40°C. An ice bath was used to cool the mixture to approx. 25°C, and the title product crystallized from the mixture at 28°C and was isolated in a yield of 46.5$.
(B) Samme fremgangsmåte som beskrevet i avsnitt A ovenfor ble benyttet bortsett fra at 100 ml tetrahydrofuran som (B) The same procedure as described in section A above was used except that 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran as
reaksjonsmedium ble anvendt, ca. 25 ml metylenklorid ble tilsatt til blandingen etter at isobutanolen og nevnte HC1 var tilsatt. Utbyttet av tittelproduktet var 35, lH>. reaction medium was used, approx. 25 ml of methylene chloride was added to the mixture after the isobutanol and said HCl had been added. The yield of the title product was 35.1H>.
Eksempel 52 og 53 Examples 52 and 53
Ved hjelp av den generelle fremgangsmåte som er beskrevet i eksempel 1 ovenfor, ble de følgende angitte 7-acylamino-3-hydroksy-cefalosporinsulfoksydestere omdannet til de tilsvarende 7-amino-3-klor-cefalosporinestere ved å bruke de angitte reagenser. Using the general procedure described in Example 1 above, the following indicated 7-acylamino-3-hydroxy-cephalosporin sulfoxide esters were converted to the corresponding 7-amino-3-chloro-cephalosporin esters using the indicated reagents.
Eksempel 54 7-( 2- tienylacetamldo)- 3- metvl- 3- cefem- 4- karboksylsyre En oppløsning av trifenylfosfItt-klorkompleks 1 metylenklorid ble fremstilt ved -20"C til -35°C ved å tilsette 10 ml trifenylfosfitt til et overskudd av klor i 75 ml metylenklorid. 3 ml amylen ble brukt for å uskadeliggjøre over-skuddet av klor. 30 ml av trifenylfosfitt-klorkompleksoppløsningen (12,9 mmol) ble ved 0°C tilsatt 0,5 ml amylen og 0,9 g (2,2 mmol) 7-(2-tienylacetamido )- 3-metyl - 3-cef em-4-karboksylsyresulfoksyd. Sulfoksydet oppløste seg etter 5 min. ved 0°C til — 5°C. Reaksjonsblandingen ble omrørt i nevnte temperaturområde i 25 min. og det dannet seg et bunnfall. 0,1 ml vann ble tilsatt og blandingen ble omrørt i 5 min. Etter at 50 ml eter var tilsatt, ble produktet oppsamlet ved filtrering. Etter tørking ved 45 °C og 120 mm trykk i 2 døgn ble 0,5 g av sulfidet oppnådd. Example 54 7-(2-thienylacetamido)-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid A solution of triphenylphosphite-chloro complex 1 methylene chloride was prepared at -20°C to -35°C by adding 10 ml of triphenylphosphite to an excess of chlorine in 75 ml of methylene chloride. 3 ml of amylene was used to neutralize the excess chlorine. 30 ml of the triphenylphosphite-chlorine complex solution (12.9 mmol) was added at 0°C to 0.5 ml of amylene and 0.9 g ( 2.2 mmol) 7-(2-thienylacetamido)-3-methyl-3-cef em-4-carboxylic acid sulfoxide. The sulfoxide dissolved after 5 min. at 0°C to — 5°C. The reaction mixture was stirred in the aforementioned temperature range in 25 min. and a precipitate formed. 0.1 mL of water was added and the mixture was stirred for 5 min. After 50 mL of ether was added, the product was collected by filtration. After drying at 45 °C and 120 mm pressure in After 2 days, 0.5 g of the sulphide was obtained.
NMR (DMS0-d6): 8,21 (d, J=8 Hz, NH), 7,38 (m), 6,96 (d, J=4 NMR (DMS0-d6): 8.21 (d, J=8 Hz, NH), 7.38 (m), 6.96 (d, J=4
Hz), 5,67 (d, d, J=5, 8 Hz, H7), 4,81 (d, J=5 Hz, H6), 3,82 (s), 3,60 (AB, H2), 2,03 (s, metyl). Hz), 5.67 (d, d, J=5, 8 Hz, H7), 4.81 (d, J=5 Hz, H6), 3.82 (s), 3.60 (AB, H2) , 2.03 (s, methyl).
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO883916A NO162723C (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1988-09-02 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 7-AMINO-3-CHLORO-3-CEFEM-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/008,647 US4226986A (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1979-02-01 | Process for halogenation of β-lactam compounds |
US06/008,470 US4211702A (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1979-02-01 | Process for preparation of penicillin and cephalosporin imino halides |
US06/008,645 US4223133A (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1979-02-01 | Cephalosporin reduction process |
NO800251A NO160660C (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1980-01-31 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF PENICILLIN OR CEPHALOSPORINIMINOHALOGENIDES. |
NO883916A NO162723C (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1988-09-02 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 7-AMINO-3-CHLORO-3-CEFEM-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS. |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO883916L NO883916L (en) | 1980-08-04 |
NO883916D0 NO883916D0 (en) | 1988-09-02 |
NO162723B true NO162723B (en) | 1989-10-30 |
NO162723C NO162723C (en) | 1990-02-07 |
Family
ID=27532562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO883916A NO162723C (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1988-09-02 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 7-AMINO-3-CHLORO-3-CEFEM-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NO (1) | NO162723C (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-09-02 NO NO883916A patent/NO162723C/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO162723C (en) | 1990-02-07 |
NO883916D0 (en) | 1988-09-02 |
NO883916L (en) | 1980-08-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4223133A (en) | Cephalosporin reduction process | |
HU177432B (en) | Process for preparing 3-halomethyl-cephem derivatives | |
CA1150725A (en) | PROCESS FOR HALOGENATION OF .beta.-LACTAM COMPOUNDS | |
FI74968B (en) | FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV PENICILLIN- ELLER CEFALOSPORINIMINOHALOGENIDER. | |
NO162723B (en) | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 7-AMINO-3-CHLORO-3-CEFEM-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS. | |
US4211702A (en) | Process for preparation of penicillin and cephalosporin imino halides | |
EP0015079B1 (en) | Halogenating compounds and a process for their production | |
US4271305A (en) | Thiazolinoazetidinones and process therefor | |
KR830001904B1 (en) | Reduction Method of Cephalosporin | |
KR830001907B1 (en) | Method for preparing 3-halo-cephalosporin iminohalide | |
KR830000566B1 (en) | Method of Preparation of 3-Halomethyl Sepem | |
HU186303B (en) | Process for preparing beta-lactam derivatives |