NO161642B - OIL COOLED BUILT CYLINDER PISTON FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE. - Google Patents

OIL COOLED BUILT CYLINDER PISTON FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE. Download PDF

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Publication number
NO161642B
NO161642B NO861252A NO861252A NO161642B NO 161642 B NO161642 B NO 161642B NO 861252 A NO861252 A NO 861252A NO 861252 A NO861252 A NO 861252A NO 161642 B NO161642 B NO 161642B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
piston
blind holes
cooling chamber
cooling
cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
NO861252A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO861252L (en
NO161642C (en
Inventor
Jordan Gentscheff
Horst Lindner
Original Assignee
Man B & W Diesel Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Man B & W Diesel Gmbh filed Critical Man B & W Diesel Gmbh
Publication of NO861252L publication Critical patent/NO861252L/en
Publication of NO161642B publication Critical patent/NO161642B/en
Publication of NO161642C publication Critical patent/NO161642C/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/0023—Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0696—W-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Oppfinnelsen angår et oljekjølt, bygd sylinderstempel for en forbrenningsmotor med kjennetegn som angitt i innledningen i krav 1. Slike sylinderstempler er alminnelig kjent. Særlig ved tungoljedrevne høy-ydelsesmotorer opptrer i økende grad det problem, at kjøleoljen som virker i stempel-kjølerommet i form av ristekjøling ikke lenger er istand til i tilstrekkelig grad å bortlede varme fra de termisk høyest belastede byggedeler i sylinderstemplet. Man har nå alle-rede forsøkt å løse dette problem ved innbygging av ledepla-ter i det ytre kjølerom. Slike ledeplateinnbygginger krever imidlertid jevnt over særlige tiltak ved de enkelte stempel-deler til deres anbringelse og befestigelse. Dette og lede-platene som sådan fordyrer et stempel i en meget vesentlig grad, uten at imidlertid en særlig gunstig forbedring av varmebortledningen oppnås. The invention relates to an oil-cooled, built cylinder piston for an internal combustion engine with characteristics as stated in the introduction in claim 1. Such cylinder pistons are generally known. Particularly with heavy oil-driven high-performance engines, the problem is increasingly occurring that the cooling oil that acts in the piston cooling chamber in the form of grating cooling is no longer able to sufficiently dissipate heat from the thermally most stressed components in the cylinder piston. Attempts have now already been made to solve this problem by installing guide plates in the outer cold room. Such guide plate installations, however, generally require special measures for the individual piston parts for their placement and fastening. This and the guide plates as such increase the cost of a piston to a very significant degree, without, however, achieving a particularly favorable improvement in heat dissipation.

Det er overfor dette derfor et formål med oppfinnelsen å utforme et tradisjonelt sylinderstempel med kjennetegn av en type nevnt i det foregående på en slik måte at det under bibeholdelse av ristekjøleprinsippet og kjøie-oljemengden gjennomstrømmende stempelkjølerommene tross alt sikres en bedre varmebortledning fra de termisk høyest belastede deler overfor sammenlignbare sylinderstempler. In view of this, it is therefore an object of the invention to design a traditional cylinder piston with characteristics of a type mentioned in the preceding in such a way that, while maintaining the grating cooling principle and the amount of oil flowing through the piston cooling chambers, after all, a better heat dissipation from the most thermally stressed parts is ensured parts versus comparable cylinder pistons.

Ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnås ovennevnte formål ved et oljekjølt sylinderstempel av typen nevnt foran, ved at i det minste det ytre stempelkjølerom er utvidet ved hjelp av blindhull innboret fra stempelunderdelens overside, i denne på skrå under en spiss vinkel med en parallellinje med stempel lengdeaksen . According to the invention, the above purpose is achieved by an oil-cooled cylinder piston of the type mentioned above, in that at least the outer piston cooling chamber is expanded by means of blind holes drilled in from the upper side of the lower part of the piston, in this at an angle under an acute angle with a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston.

Fordelaktige utformninger av denne løsning er angitt i underkravene. Advantageous designs of this solution are indicated in the sub-claims.

Ved hjelp av de skrå blindhull ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnås følgende fordelaktige virkning. Ved stempel-bevegelsen oppover blir oljen som befinner seg i stempel-kjølerommene presset inn i de skrå blindhull. Ved den til-sluttende stempelbevegelse nedover blir oljen som befinner seg i de skrå blindhull igjen kastet ut av sistnevnte i ret-ning av stempelbunnen, idet det fremkalles en ytterst inten-siv hvirvling av den innelukkede kjøleolje i kjølerommet som følge av blindhullenes skråstilling. Ved at den innelukkede kjøleolje i stempelkjølerommene ved stemplets bevegelser frem og tilbake ikke bare blir kastet frem og tilbake aksialt mellom stempelbunnen og stempelunderdelens overside, men også blir forholdsvis sterkt hvirvlet, kan en større varmemengde bortledes fra stempeloverdelens varme veggdeler og opptas av kjøleoljen. Ved hjelp av forsøk og målinger på sylinderstemplet utformet ifølge oppfinnelsen ble det fastslått, at det ved anordningen av de skrå blindhullboringer kunne oppnås en temperaturredusering på omkring 30°C overfor et likt sylinderstempel som ikke har de skrå blindhullboringer. En opp til 30°C høyere temperaturbortledning fra de termisk høyest belastede veggdeler av stempeloverdelen fremstiller et betyde-lig fremskritt med hensyn til stempelkjøling. By means of the slanted blind holes according to the invention, the following advantageous effect is achieved. During the upward movement of the piston, the oil in the piston cooling chambers is forced into the inclined blind holes. During the subsequent downward movement of the piston, the oil which is in the inclined blind holes is again thrown out of the latter in the direction of the bottom of the piston, causing an extremely intense swirling of the enclosed cooling oil in the cooling chamber as a result of the oblique position of the blind holes. By the fact that the enclosed cooling oil in the piston cooling chambers during the piston's movements back and forth is not only thrown back and forth axially between the piston bottom and the upper side of the piston lower part, but is also relatively strongly swirled, a greater amount of heat can be conducted away from the hot wall parts of the piston upper part and absorbed by the cooling oil. By means of tests and measurements on the cylinder piston designed according to the invention, it was established that, by the arrangement of the inclined blind hole bores, a temperature reduction of around 30°C could be achieved compared to a similar cylinder piston which does not have the inclined blind hole bores. An up to 30°C higher temperature dissipation from the thermally highest-stressed wall parts of the piston top represents a significant advance with respect to piston cooling.

Oppfinnelsen skal beskrives nærmere i det føl-gende i forbindese med noen utførelseseksempler og under hen-visning til tegningene, der fig. 1 viser et lengdesnitt gjennom en forbrenningsmotors sylinderstempel for forståelse av oppfinnelsen, fig. 2 viser et tverrsnitt gjennom stemplet på fig. 1 etter snittlinjen II-II, fig. 3 er et sideriss av stempelunderdelen av det fremstilte stempel på fig. 1 og 2 The invention will be described in more detail in the following in connection with some design examples and with reference to the drawings, where fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an internal combustion engine's cylinder piston for understanding the invention, fig. 2 shows a cross section through the piston in fig. 1 along the section line II-II, fig. 3 is a side view of the piston lower part of the manufactured piston of fig. 1 and 2

i det vesentlige delområde for forståelse av oppfinnelsen. in the essential sub-area for understanding the invention.

På tegningene har et oljekjølt bygd sylinderstempel henvisningstall 1, som kan anvendes såvel i en to-takts som i en firetakts forbrenningsmotor. Stemplet 1 består av en stempeloverdel 2 og en stempelunderdel 4 forbundet med denne via strekkskruer 3. Stempeloverdelen 2 består av en stempelbunn 5 og en i det vesentlige sylindrisk yttervegg 6. Stempeloverdelen 2 er med undersiden 7 av et tilformet ringfremspring 8 innvendig på stempelbunnen 5 støttet på ringformede anleggsflater 9 og 20. Av ringfremspringet 8 såvel som av stempelbunnen 5 og stempelunderdelens 4 overside 10 er det begrenset et indre stempelkjølerom 11. Dette indre stempelkjølerom 11 står i forbindelse med et ytre stempel-kjølerom 13 via gjennomgangskanaler 12 som gjennomtrenger ringfremspringet 8. Dette ytre stempelkjølerom 13 omgir ringfremspringet 8 utvendig og er videre begrenset oventil av stempelbunnen 5, utvendig av stempeloverdelens 2 yttervegg 6 og nedentil av stempelunderdelens 4 overside 10. In the drawings, an oil-cooled cylinder piston has the reference number 1, which can be used both in a two-stroke and in a four-stroke internal combustion engine. The piston 1 consists of a piston upper part 2 and a piston lower part 4 connected to this via tension screws 3. The piston upper part 2 consists of a piston base 5 and an essentially cylindrical outer wall 6. The piston upper part 2 is supported with its underside 7 by a shaped ring projection 8 on the inside of the piston base 5 on annular contact surfaces 9 and 20. An inner piston cooling space 11 is limited by the ring projection 8 as well as by the piston bottom 5 and the upper side 10 of the piston lower part 4. This inner piston cooling space 11 is connected to an outer piston cooling space 13 via passage channels 12 which penetrate the ring projection 8. This outer piston cooling space 13 surrounds the ring projection 8 externally and is further limited above by the piston bottom 5, externally by the outer wall 6 of the piston upper part 2 and below by the upper side 10 of the lower piston part 4.

I de to stempelkjølerom 11, 13 innmates kjøle-olje som skal tjene til viftekjøling. Derved er det uten be-tydning om kjøleoljen først kommer inn i det indre kjølerom 11 og derfra inn i det ytre kjølerom 13 eller om kjøleoljen først innmates inn i det ytre kjølerom 13 og derfra kommer inn i det indre kjølerom 11. Uavhengig derav, hvilket kommer til anvendelse ved begge alternativer, blir kjøleoljen som skal tjene til ristekjøling tilført et av de to stempelkjøle-rom 11, 13, ved det fremstilte utførelseseksempel det indre kjølerom 11 via minst én tilførselskanal 14. Derfra kommer kjøleoljen inn i det ytre stempelkjølerom 13 i det fremstilte utførelseseksempel via gjennomgangskanalene 12 i det andre stempelkjølerom. Fra dette er den oppvarmede kjøleolje igjen utledbar via minst én avløpsboring 15. Cooling oil is fed into the two piston cooling chambers 11, 13 to serve for fan cooling. Thereby, it is irrelevant whether the cooling oil first enters the inner cooling compartment 11 and from there into the outer cooling compartment 13 or whether the cooling oil is first fed into the outer cooling compartment 13 and from there enters the inner cooling compartment 11. Regardless of this, which is used in both alternatives, the cooling oil that is to be used for grating cooling is supplied to one of the two piston cooling chambers 11, 13, in the manufactured embodiment the inner cooling chamber 11 via at least one supply channel 14. From there the cooling oil enters the outer piston cooling chamber 13 in the manufactured embodiment via the passage channels 12 in the second piston cooling chamber. From this, the heated cooling oil can again be discharged via at least one drain hole 15.

Ifølge oppfinnelsen er i det minste det ytre stempelkjølerom 13 utvidet ved hjelp av innborede blindhull 16 fra stempelinnerdelens 4 overside 10 i denne på skrå under en spiss vinkel med en parallellinje med stempellengdeaksen. En særlig gunstig hvirvling av kjøleoljen som befinner seg According to the invention, at least the outer piston cooling chamber 13 is extended by means of drilled blind holes 16 from the upper side 10 of the piston inner part 4 in this at an angle under an acute angle with a line parallel to the piston longitudinal axis. A particularly favorable swirling of the cooling oil that is located

i kjølerommene 11, 13 oppnås da når såvel det ytre stempel-kjølerom 13 som det indre stempelkjølerom 11 er utvidet av innborede blindhull fra stempelunderdelens 4 overside 10 i denne på skrå under en spiss vinkel med en parallell linje med stempellengdeaksen, som "vist på fig. 2. in the cooling chambers 11, 13 is then achieved when both the outer piston cooling chamber 13 and the inner piston cooling chamber 11 are expanded by drilled blind holes from the upper side 10 of the piston lower part 4 in this at an angle under an acute angle with a parallel line to the piston longitudinal axis, as "shown in fig 2.

På fordelaktig måte er blindhullboringene 16 an-ordnet langs en delsirkel fordelt ensartet. Blindhullboringene 16 er derved fortrinnsvis innboret i stempelunderdelen 4 med en vinkel cx fra 10 - 20° med en parallellinje 17 (se fig. 3) med stempellengdeaksen. In an advantageous manner, the blind hole bores 16 are arranged along a partial circle, uniformly distributed. The blind hole bores 16 are thereby preferably drilled into the piston lower part 4 at an angle cx from 10 - 20° with a parallel line 17 (see fig. 3) with the piston longitudinal axis.

Blindhullboringene 16 har fortrinnsvis et tverrsnitt som omtrent tilsvarer det for gjennomgangskanalene 12 som gjennomtrenger ringfremspringet 8. Dessuten har blindhullboringene 16 helst en aksial dybde som omtrent tilsvarer den aksiale høyde av det ytre (13) henholdsvis indre stempel-kjølerom (11) . The blind hole bores 16 preferably have a cross-section that roughly corresponds to that of the passage channels 12 that penetrate the ring projection 8. Furthermore, the blind hole bores 16 preferably have an axial depth that roughly corresponds to the axial height of the outer (13) or inner piston cooling chamber (11).

Claims (6)

1. Oljekjølt, bygd sylinderstempel for en forbrenningsmotor bestående av en stempeloverdel og en stempelunderdel forbundet med denne via strekkskruer, idet stempeloverdelen er støttet med undersiden av et tilformet ringfremspring innvendig på stempelbunnen på en ringformet anleggs-flate av stempelunderdelen, idet det videre eksisterer et indre stempelkjølerom begrenset av ringfremspringet, stempelbunnen og stempelunderdelens overside, som via gjennomgangskanaler som gjennomtrenger ringfremspringet står i forbindelse med et ytre stempelkjølerom som omgir ringfremspringet utvendig, begrenset oventil av stempelbunnen, utvendig av stempeloverdelens yttervegg og nedentil av stempelunderdelens overside, og idet kjøleolje som tjener til ristekjøling er innledbar i et av de to stempelkjølerom via minst en tilfør-selskanal, kan fra denne ledes videre inn i det andre stempel-kjølerom via gjennomgangskanalene og igjen ledes ut av denne via minst én avløpsboring, karakterisert ved at i det minste det ytre stempelkjølerom (13) er utvidet via innborede blindhull (16) fra stempelunderdelens (4) overside (10) i denne på skrå under en spiss vinkel med en parallell-linje (17) med stempellengdeaksen.1. Oil-cooled, built cylinder piston for an internal combustion engine consisting of a piston upper part and a piston lower part connected to this via tension screws, the piston upper part being supported with the underside of a shaped annular projection inside the piston base on an annular contact surface of the piston lower part, there being further an internal piston cooling chamber limited by the ring projection, the piston bottom and the upper side of the piston lower part, which via passage channels that penetrate the ring projection is connected to an outer piston cooling chamber that surrounds the ring projection on the outside, limited above by the piston base, externally by the outer wall of the piston upper part and below by the upper side of the piston lower part, and as cooling oil that serves for grate cooling can be introduced into one of the two piston cooling chambers via at least one supply channel, can be led from this further into the other piston cooling chamber via the passage channels and again be led out of this via at least one drainage bore, characterized in that at least the outer piston cooling chamber (13) is extended via drilled blind holes (16) from the upper side (10) of the piston lower part (4) in this obliquely at an acute angle with a parallel line (17) with the piston longitudinal axis. 2. Sylinderstempel ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at også det indre stempel-kjølerom (11) er utvidet av innborede blindhull (16) fra stempelunderdelens (4) overside (10) i denne på skrå under en spiss vinkel med en parallellinje (17) med stempellengdeaksen.2. Cylinder piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner piston cooling chamber (11) is also extended by drilled blind holes (16) from the upper side (10) of the piston lower part (4) in this obliquely at an acute angle with a parallel line (17) with the piston longitudinal axis. 3. Sylinderstempel ifølge ett av kravene 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at blindhullene (16) er anord-net ensartet fordelt langs en delsirkel.3. Cylinder piston according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the blind holes (16) are arranged uniformly distributed along a partial circle. 4. Sylinderstempel ifølge ett av kravene 1-3, karakterisert ved at blindhullene (16) er innboret i stempelunderdelen (4) under en vinkel oc fra 10 - 20° på skrå med parallellinjen (17) med stempellengdeaksen.4. Cylinder piston according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the blind holes (16) are drilled into the piston lower part (4) at an angle oc from 10 - 20° at an angle to the parallel line (17) with the piston longitudinal axis. 5. Sylinderstempel ifølge ett av kravene 1-4, karakterisert ved at blindhullene (16) har et tverrsnitt som omtrent tilsvarer det for gjennomgangskanalene (12) som gjennomtrenger ringfremspringet (8).5. Cylinder piston according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the blind holes (16) have a cross-section that roughly corresponds to that of the passage channels (12) that penetrate the ring projection (8). 6. Sylinderstempel ifølge ett av kravene 1-5, karakterisert ved at blindhullenes (16) aksielle dybde omtrent tilsvarer den aksielle høyde av det ytre (13) henholdsvis indre stempelkjølerom (11).6. Cylinder piston according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the axial depth of the blind holes (16) approximately corresponds to the axial height of the outer (13) or inner piston cooling chamber (11).
NO861252A 1985-03-30 1986-03-26 OIL COOLED BUILT CYLINDER PISTON FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE. NO161642C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3511853A DE3511853C1 (en) 1985-03-30 1985-03-30 Oil-cooled, built reciprocating piston of an internal combustion engine

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO861252L NO861252L (en) 1986-10-01
NO161642B true NO161642B (en) 1989-05-29
NO161642C NO161642C (en) 1989-09-06

Family

ID=6266981

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO861252A NO161642C (en) 1985-03-30 1986-03-26 OIL COOLED BUILT CYLINDER PISTON FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3511853C1 (en)
FI (1) FI80325C (en)
FR (1) FR2579674B1 (en)
NL (1) NL192842C (en)
NO (1) NO161642C (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011100470A1 (en) 2011-05-04 2012-11-08 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Method for producing a cooling channel piston and associated pistons
DE102015004356A1 (en) * 2015-04-02 2016-10-06 Caterpillar Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg Piston crown for internal combustion engines
DE102015004357A1 (en) * 2015-04-02 2016-10-06 Caterpillar Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg Piston crown for internal combustion engines
CN113431698B (en) * 2020-03-23 2023-04-11 强莉莉 Split combined type heat insulation piston

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1678957A (en) * 1925-01-29 1928-07-31 Busch Sulzer Bros Diesel Engine Co Piston cooling
DE1102485B (en) * 1957-01-12 1961-03-16 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Pistons for internal combustion engines, especially forged design
DE2530736C3 (en) * 1975-07-10 1984-06-28 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg Thermally loaded component of an internal combustion engine with a hot wall
DE2930079C2 (en) * 1979-07-25 1983-05-19 Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Built liquid-cooled pistons in large engines
FR2483521A1 (en) * 1980-05-30 1981-12-04 Semt PISTON OF ALTERNATIVE PISTON MACHINE, ESPECIALLY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO861252L (en) 1986-10-01
FI80325B (en) 1990-01-31
DE3511853C1 (en) 1986-08-28
NL8600776A (en) 1986-10-16
FI861180A0 (en) 1986-03-20
NL192842C (en) 1998-03-04
FR2579674B1 (en) 1991-08-30
NL192842B (en) 1997-11-03
FI80325C (en) 1990-05-10
FR2579674A1 (en) 1986-10-03
NO161642C (en) 1989-09-06
FI861180A (en) 1986-10-01

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