NO158988B - INTRAOCULATED IMPLANT. - Google Patents

Description

Signaling system.

The present invention relates to a signaling system for a wiring group which is connected to centrally arranged control equipment in telecommunications systems, in particular telephony systems.

When a connection is to be established, the various equipment units in the central exchange a lot of information. It is therefore an absolute requirement that the transfer takes place as securely as possible. This requirement is easily satisfied if the information is represented in a controllable code, but this requires that the information is supplied at defined times.

Such codes can be easily checked by electronic control equipment. In the case of signals which are not supplied regularly and which must be sent over combined signaling groups, known transmission methods will not be sufficient. Code control will often be impossible if the information is in binary form.

Such codes are usually used where multi-digit dial information is to be sent in parallel over a multi-wire signaling group. The transfer of information between a register and a marker is described, for example, in connection with a telephone exchange. The register is only connected to the marker for a short period of time by means of a link network.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a signaling system for the temporary interconnection of wiring groups in central control equipment comprising transmitter equipment and receiver equipment in a communication system, and in particular in a telephone exchange. The signaling system enables a safe signal transmission, and the pass-through and the correct influence of the wires, as well as the ready state of the receiver, are checked automatically.

The most important distinguishing feature of the invention is that on the transmitter side a test potential is applied to all wires in the wiring group, and that the transmitter equipment is only switched on when a countervailing potential of a certain size is applied to the receiver equipment over a test equipment and over all through-connected wires. This ensures that signaling only starts when:

1. All signal wires are connected through.

2. A receiver is connected to all signal wires on the receiver side and 3. The signal wires are not impressed with any other potential or have inadmissible leads.

An advantageous embodiment of the signaling system according to the invention is such that one is used for each direction of transmission

individual wire group and that the counteracting signal, which is supplied to a wire in it

one transmission direction, is dependent on the interconnection of all wires in the other transmission direction. In this way, both signal groups are checked before the sending side starts sending the information. Such a check is carried out when a piece of equipment starts sending information. Often it also happens that in two connected

equipment, a kind of two-way information transfer occurs. The transfer begins as soon as the information is supplied to one of the ends. For signal groups that are connected in the desired way, the signaling system according to the invention makes it possible that when the test potential is supplied from the transmitting station to the outgoing line group, at the same time the counteracting potential will be disconnected from the receiver equipment at the terminating line group. When the counteracting potential is disconnected in the receiving equipment, it is ensured that this end cannot start signaling.

Another embodiment of the signaling system according to the invention is such that when the control equipment on both the transmitter and the receiver side, which are interconnected to exchange signals, are affected, timing circuits are switched on, these circuits causing the sending of an error signal, if not a successful connection and also not the transmitter equipment's ready state is registered during the predetermined time.

Faulty connections can be quickly examined so that unnecessary influence on the central equipment is avoided. With the help of proprietary recording equipment, the incorrect connection can be registered and the central control device triggered again.

An advantageous test device can be designed so that the test potential is applied to all wires via high-resistance resistors, and that the receiver equipment is not affected by this. The supply resistances for the control potential together with the counteracting potential in the receiver form a voltage divider. All voltage dividers in turn control an AND gate which only reacts when all connection points on the voltage dividers have the same potential.

Two embodiments of the signaling system according to the present invention will in the following be described in detail with reference to the drawings, where: Fig. 1 shows equipment for one-way signal transmission, and Fig. 2 shows equipment for two-way signal transmission where one station has priority.

In fig. 1 is a point A connected to B via a connection network KF, when the wires 1-3 are connected through the contacts d. A represents the transmitter side and B represents the receiver side. At A, the test potential +U2 is applied to each wire. The supply resistors Ria, R2a—Ria', R2a'—R2a", are high-ohmic and chosen so that the receivers at B do not react. A resistor Rb in the transistor control circuit Tb is connected to signal wire 1. As long as wire 1 is not connected through , the transistor Tb will conduct. The receiver relays Xb and Yb are connected to wires 2 and 3, whose relays do not respond due to the high-ohmic supply resistors at A. All three receivers at B are connected to an opposing potential —Ul. Between the resistors Ria and R2a, Ria' as well as between Ria" and R2a", the and circuit is connected, this circuit comprising the diodes Da, Da', Da", the resistor R2a and the transistor Tab. All these diodes Da, Da', Da" conduct as long as wires 1-3 are not connected through.

The transistor Tab receives blocking voltage and remains non-conductive.- As soon as a wire is connected through and transfers the counteracting potential —Ul, the diode connected to the wire will become non-conductive. Only when all wires are connected through and transmit the counteracting potential —Ul of defined size, will all diodes in the and circuit become non-conductive and trigger the control potential —Ul across the resistor R3a, so that transistor Tab conducts. By correctly dimensioning the resistances Ria, R2a and the resistance on the receiver side, a simple test device for the wire against extraneous voltages or leads is achieved. The associated diode is not made non-conductive in the cases where errors occur, so that transistor Tab remains blocked. When transistor Tab conducts, i.e. when all wires 1—3 are ready for signal transmission, relay CG is affected and triggers via its current cg2, the signal transmission contacts sal, sa2 and sa3. These contacts add ground potential to the wires depending on the information to be sent. The receivers then react on the receiver side B. The ground potential makes the transistor Tb non-conductive, as the control voltage —Ul is diverted in the control circuit. When A is affected, a contact c belonging to an influencing relay (not shown) is closed. After the relay CG is affected, the holding circuit for the relay will be closed across the contact egl, so that the state of the test transistor Tab has no significance while the signals are being sent.

Fig. 2 shows the same test arrangement for both wire groups Bab and Bba. In A, a test transistor Tab is placed which is controlled by the AND gate, which consists of the diodes Da, Da', Da", and the resistor R3a. In B, there is a test transistor Tba which is controlled by an AND circuit, which consists of the diodes Db , Db', Db" and the resistor R3b.

Both transistors Tab and Tba, in their conducting states, supply ground potential to the contacts sal, sa2, and sb2, sbl, sb3. The contacts cal and ca2 in an influencing relay (not shown) are closed in A when the circuit is influenced. A time measuring circuit Za is started over the contact ca2. When transistor Tza remains conducting,

i.e. when transistor Tab does not signal that

"the threads are in the correct state", an error signal is emitted from the time measuring circuit Za.

Corresponding conditions occur at B. The contacts cbl and cb2 are closed during the influencing process. The time measurement circuit Zb is connected. During the said time period,

transistor Tba conducting and transistor Tzb

non-conductive, if all wires in the wire group Bba are in the correct condition.

As already mentioned above becomes transistor

Tba conducting when all diodes Db, Db', Db"

is blocked over the counteracting potential

—Ul in station A. Ledningsgruppen Bab

now has an individual control line L. The counteracting potential —Ul is kept away from

line L in station B using it

conducting transistor Tzb, next to the transistor

Tba becomes the leader, i.e. that the leadership group

Bba is in correct condition. Only then

can transistor Tab conduct, then diode Da too

is blocked over the counteracting potential

—Ul which is supplied to the guide thread L. That's it now

necessary to ensure that the conducting transistors Tab and Tba remain conducting during the signal exchange. This can be achieved in simple

way over an individual return path.

It should be noted that the number of signal wires is not limited, as indicated, by the transistors Ta and Tb and/or by the relays Xa,

Xb, Ya, Yb, and a closed one can be used

current loop as well as an open current loop

for the signaling.

Claims (6)

1. Signaling system for a wiring group connected to central control equipment extensive transmitter equipment and receiver equipment in telecommunications systems, particularly telephony systems, characterized by the fact that on the transmitter side (A and B respectively) a test potential (+U2) is supplied to all wires (1—3, L) in the wire groups (Bab, Bba), and that the transmitter equipment (sal —sa3, respectively sbl—sb3) is only switched on when a countervailing potential is applied across a test equipment (Da—Da", Tab respectively Db— Db", Tba) and across all connected wires (—Ul) with specific size for the receiver equipment (Rb, Xb, Yb respectively Ra, Xa, Ya). 2. Signaling system according to claim 1, characterized in that an individual wire group (Bab, Bba) is used for each transmission direction and that the counteracting potential (—Ul), which is supplied to a wire (L) in one transmission direction (Bab), is dependent of the through-connection of all wires in the other transmission direction (Bba). 3. Signaling system according to claim 1, characterized in that when the test potential (+U2) is supplied to the transmitting line group (Bab respectively Bba), the counteracting potential (—Ul) is simultaneously disconnected from the receiver equipment (Rb, Xb, Yb respectively Ra, Xa, Ya) in the receiving wire group (Bba and Bab respectively). 4. Signaling system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that by influencing both the transmitter- and receiver-side control equipment (A, B), which are interconnected to exchange signals, timing circuits (Za, Zb) are switched on as these circuits causes an error signal to be sent, if a successful connection and consequently also the transmitter equipment's ready state (Tab, Tba) is not registered during the predetermined time. 5. Signaling system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the test potential (+U2) is supplied to all wires via high-resistance resistors, and that the receiver equipment (Rb, Xb, Yb respectively Ra, Xa, Ya) is not affected by this. 6. Signaling system according to claim 5, characterized in that the resistors (Ria—R2a to Rlb"—R2b") constitute voltage dividers, and that the potential on all voltage dividers and consequently also all wires is monitored by means of an AND circuit (Da to Da", Tab respectively Db to Db", Tba).