NO158954B - PROCEDURE FOR INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL LIMITATION OF PAPER AND AN ADMINISTRATION FOR USE IN THE PROCEDURE. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL LIMITATION OF PAPER AND AN ADMINISTRATION FOR USE IN THE PROCEDURE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO158954B NO158954B NO800199A NO800199A NO158954B NO 158954 B NO158954 B NO 158954B NO 800199 A NO800199 A NO 800199A NO 800199 A NO800199 A NO 800199A NO 158954 B NO158954 B NO 158954B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- cationic polymer
- bis
- aminopropylpiperazine
- epihalohydrin
- condensation
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- XUSNPFGLKGCWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCN1CCN(CCCN)CC1 XUSNPFGLKGCWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diketene Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)O1 WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004823 Reactive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002561 ketenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- -1 N-substituted aziridine compound Chemical class 0.000 description 12
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- LAQPNDIUHRHNCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1 LAQPNDIUHRHNCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenone Chemical compound C=C=O CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRLNNHWMCCZZOO-LNVKXUELSA-N (4z)-3-decyl-4-undecylideneoxetan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C1/OC(=O)C1CCCCCCCCCC GRLNNHWMCCZZOO-LNVKXUELSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UYBWIEGTWASWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound NCC(O)CN UYBWIEGTWASWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIDSTEJLDQMWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O YIDSTEJLDQMWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XFDIQMZZOOFECR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-isocyanatodecan-5-ylbenzene Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCC(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 XFDIQMZZOOFECR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RZGZTQYTDRQOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenone Chemical class O=C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 RZGZTQYTDRQOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JZFICWYCTCCINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiadiazin Chemical compound S=C1SC(C)NC(C)N1CCN1C(=S)SC(C)NC1C JZFICWYCTCCINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for intern eller ekstern liming av papir med et hydrofobt cellulosereaktivt lim, valgt blant ketendimerer, syreanhydrider og organiske isocyanater og der det i kombinasjon med disse benyttes en limingsaksellerator. The present invention relates to a method for internal or external gluing of paper with a hydrophobic cellulose-reactive glue, selected from ketene dimers, acid anhydrides and organic isocyanates and where a gluing accelerator is used in combination with these.
Oppfinnelsen angår videre et limpreparat for gjennomføring av den ovenfor nevnte fremgangsmåte i form av en vandig emulsjon. The invention further relates to an adhesive preparation for carrying out the above-mentioned method in the form of an aqueous emulsion.
Det tekniske område for oppfinnelsen er fremstilling av limt papir og limt kartong der limet som benyttes er et hydrofobt cellulosereaktivt lim, slik som et ketondimerlim og i kombinasjon med dette benyttes det som limingsaksellerator visse kationiske polymerer for å gi en vesentlig høyere limingsgrad ("off-the-machine sizing") enn når det cellulosereaktive lim benyttes alene. The technical area of the invention is the production of glued paper and glued cardboard where the glue used is a hydrophobic cellulose reactive glue, such as a ketone dimer glue and in combination with this, certain cationic polymers are used as glue accelerators to give a significantly higher degree of glue ("off- the-machine sizing") than when the cellulose reactive glue is used alone.
US-PS 3 840 486 beskriver vannoppløselig, termoherdbare harpiksholdige preparater som oppnås ved oppsetning av dicyandiamid, et ammoniumsalt, formaldehyd og et surt salt av et vannoppløselig aminopolyamid slik som det vannoppløselige aminopolyamid som oppnås ved reaksjon mellom adipinsyre og dietylentriamin. De harpiksholdige preparater ifølge US-PS 3 840 486 aksellererer limingen av papiret med cellulosereaktive 1imingsmidler slik som ketendimerer, syreanhydrider og organiske isocyanater. Ved å anvende de harpiksholdige preparater ifølge US-PS 3 840 486 kombinert med de ovenfor angitte limingsmidler for papir oppnås høyere limingsgrader enn når man bruker ekvivalente mengder av lim alene. US-PS 3,840,486 describes water-soluble, thermosetting resinous preparations which are obtained by preparing dicyandiamide, an ammonium salt, formaldehyde and an acid salt of a water-soluble aminopolyamide such as the water-soluble aminopolyamide obtained by reaction between adipic acid and diethylenetriamine. The resinous preparations according to US-PS 3,840,486 accelerate the gluing of the paper with cellulose-reactive sizing agents such as ketene dimers, acid anhydrides and organic isocyanates. By using the resinous preparations according to US-PS 3 840 486 combined with the above-mentioned gluing agents for paper, higher gluing degrees are achieved than when using equivalent amounts of glue alone.
GB-PS 1 373 788 beskriver bruken av dicyandiamid-formaldehy-kondensater som limingsakselleratorer for ketendimerlim. US-PS 3 409 500 beskriver en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av limt papir omfattende separat å tilsette en vandig anionisk dispersjon av hydrofobe organiske cellulosereaktive papirlimende karboksylsyreanhydridpartikler til en vandig suspensjon av cellulosepapirfremstillingssfibre og en vannoppløselig cellulose - i det vesentlige kationisk polyamin med en molekylvekt på aver 1000, idet mengden av polyaminet er 1 det minste tilstrekkelig til å avsette anhydridpartiklene på fibrene og aksellerere hastigheten med hvilken anhydrider utvikler sine limingsegenskaper på cellulosefibre ved 88 - 122°C, utlegging av suspensjonen til en vannlagt bane og tørking av banen ved en temperatur mellom 88 og 122°C. GB-PS 1 373 788 describes the use of dicyandiamide-formaldehyde condensates as sizing accelerators for ketene dimer adhesives. US-PS 3,409,500 discloses a process for making sizeable paper comprising separately adding an aqueous anionic dispersion of hydrophobic organic cellulose-reactive papersize carboxylic acid anhydride particles to an aqueous suspension of cellulosic papermaking fibers and a water-soluble cellulose - essentially cationic polyamine having a molecular weight of aver 1000 , the amount of the polyamine being at least sufficient to deposit the anhydride particles on the fibers and accelerate the rate at which anhydrides develop their adhesive properties on cellulose fibers at 88 - 122°C, laying the suspension on a water-laid web and drying the web at a temperature between 88 and 122°C.
I US-PS 3 409 500, kolonne 3, linjene 61-70, angis det at blant de mest effektive kationiske polymerer finner man adipinsyre-polyalkylenpolyamid-epiklorhydr in-polymerer , fremstilt ved kondensering av adipinsyre med et polyalkylenpolyamin for derved å danne et polyamidpolyamin, og omsetning av denne polymer med epiklorhydrin. Fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av midler av denne type er beskrevet i US-PS 2 926 116, 2 926 154 og 3 329 657. In US-PS 3,409,500, column 3, lines 61-70, it is stated that among the most effective cationic polymers are adipic acid-polyalkylene polyamide-epichlorohydrin polymers, prepared by condensing adipic acid with a polyalkylene polyamine to thereby form a polyamide polyamine , and reaction of this polymer with epichlorohydrin. Methods for producing agents of this type are described in US-PS 2,926,116, 2,926,154 and 3,329,657.
De kationiske polymerer ifølge US-PS 2 926 116 og 2 926 154 er beskrevet i US-PS 3 483 077 som brukbare retensjonshjelpe-midler for ketendimere lim hvorved limingen forbedres sammenlignet med kationisk stivelsesretensjonshjelpemiddel. The cationic polymers according to US-PS 2,926,116 and 2,926,154 are described in US-PS 3,483,077 as usable retention aids for ketene dimeric glues, whereby the bonding is improved compared to cationic starch retention aids.
US-PS 3 575 796 beskriver en fremgangsmåte for liming av papir- og kartongprodukter omfattende grundig dispergering i den vandige masseoppslemming, eller påføring av en fremstilt papirhane, av en vandig emulsjon av en N-substituert aziri-dinforbindelse som fremstilles ved hjelp av en reaksjon mellom en karbonylsubstituert o,e-etylenisk umettet forbind-else slik som distearylmaleat og et alkylenimin slik som etylenimin. Limet kan dispegeres enhetlig med et kationisk emulgeringsmiddel slik som en kationisk stivelse, for bedre retensjon på fibrene. Kolonne 4, linjene 1-44 i US-PS 3 575 796 beskriver andre kationiske midler for bruk ved understøt-telse av retensjonen av limene ifølge oppfinnelsen blant hvilke det er kationisk termoherdende harpiks eller slik som reaksjonsproduktene av dibasiske syrer, polyalkylenpolyaminer og epihalogenhydriner. Det angis også i kolonne 4, linjene 45-62, at de kationiske midler også er brukbare som emulgeringsmidler for limet. US-PS 3,575,796 describes a method for gluing paper and board products comprising thoroughly dispersing into the aqueous pulp slurry, or applying a prepared paper tap, an aqueous emulsion of an N-substituted aziridine compound which is prepared by means of a reaction between a carbonyl-substituted o,e-ethylenic unsaturated compound such as distearyl maleate and an alkylenimine such as ethyleneimine. The glue can be dispersed uniformly with a cationic emulsifier such as a cationic starch, for better retention on the fibers. Column 4, lines 1-44 of US-PS 3,575,796 describes other cationic agents for use in supporting the retention of the adhesives according to the invention among which are cationic thermosetting resins or such as the reaction products of dibasic acids, polyalkylene polyamines and epihalohydrins. It is also stated in column 4, lines 45-62, that the cationic agents are also usable as emulsifiers for the glue.
US-PS 3 666 512 beskriver preparater omfattende hydrofobe cellulosereaktive papirlimende karboksylsyreanhydrider og en katalysator som aksellererer den hastighet med hvilken anhydride utvikler 1imingsegenskapene etter avsetning på cellulose fra vandig medium og ved oppvarming. Katalysatoren eller promotoren for anhydridlimet er et vannoppløselig kationisk salt av et cellulosesubstantivt vannoppløselig polyamin. Egnede kationiske midler er angitt i tabellen i kolonne 7 i patentet. Blant de kationiske midler er et aminopolyamidepiklorhydr inharpiks, idet aminopolyamidet avleses fra dietylentriamin og adipinsyre. US-PS 3,666,512 describes preparations comprising hydrophobic cellulose-reactive paper sizing carboxylic acid anhydrides and a catalyst which accelerates the rate at which the anhydride develops the imming properties after deposition on cellulose from an aqueous medium and upon heating. The catalyst or promoter for the anhydride adhesive is a water-soluble cationic salt of a cellulosic water-soluble polyamine. Suitable cationic agents are indicated in the table in column 7 of the patent. Among the cationic agents is an aminopolyamide piclorhydrin resin, the aminopolyamide being derived from diethylenetriamine and adipic acid.
CA-PS 873 777 beskriver en fremgangsmåte for forbedring av våtstyrken, tørrstyrken og gjennomtrengningsmotstandsevnen mot væsker for ulimt papir omfattende behandling av papiret med et aminoksyd istand til å svelle papirfibrene, og et keten-dimer papirlim, oppvarming av papiret for å svelle papirfibrene og fjerning av aminoksydet fra papiret. CA-PS 873 777 describes a process for improving the wet strength, dry strength and liquid penetration resistance of unsized paper comprising treating the paper with an amine oxide capable of swelling the paper fibers and a ketene dimer paper size, heating the paper to swell the paper fibers and removing of the amine oxide from the paper.
US-PS 3 046 186 angår fremstilling av limt papir ved raffi-nøraddisjonsprosessen i en vandig kationisk dispersjon av en hydrofob keten-dimer tilsettes til en vandig suspensjon av cellulosefibre. Det limte papir fremstilles ved å danne en vandig suspensjon av cellulosepaplr-fremstillingsfibre og tilsetning til denne av en emulsjon av en hydrofob keten-dimer i et vandig medium inneholdende et kationisk disperger-ingsmiddel som kan være et monomert eller høymolekylvekts hydrofilt- eller vannoppløselig basiskt nitrogenholdig overflateaktivt middel. Dispergeringsmidlene er angitt i kolonnene 3 og 4 i US-PS 3 046 186. US-PS 3,046,186 relates to the production of glued paper by the refinery addition process in which an aqueous cationic dispersion of a hydrophobic ketene dimer is added to an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers. The sized paper is produced by forming an aqueous suspension of cellulose papermaking fibers and adding thereto an emulsion of a hydrophobic ketene dimer in an aqueous medium containing a cationic dispersant which may be a monomeric or high molecular weight hydrophilic or water soluble basic nitrogenous surfactant. The dispersants are listed in columns 3 and 4 of US-PS 3,046,186.
US-PS 3 006 806 beskriver samtidig bruk av en organisk kationisk polymer med en keten-dimer ved liming av papir. Beskrevne kationiske polymerer er melamin-formaldehydharpik-ser som beskrevet i US-PS 2 345 543, ureaformaldehydharpikser som beskrevet i US-PS 2 657 132, kationisk maisstivelse, guanidinformaldehydharpikser som beskrevet i US-PS 2 745 744, alkylenpolyaminhalogenhydrinharpikser som beskrevet i US-PS 2 601 597 og i kationisk ureaformaldehydharpikser som beskrevet i GB-PS 675 477 og 677 184. US-PS 3 006 806 describes the simultaneous use of an organic cationic polymer with a ketene dimer in gluing paper. Described cationic polymers are melamine-formaldehyde resins as described in US-PS 2,345,543, urea-formaldehyde resins as described in US-PS 2,657,132, cationic corn starch, guanidine formaldehyde resins as described in US-PS 2,745,744, alkylene polyamine halohydrin resins as described in US-PS PS 2 601 597 and in cationic urea formaldehyde resins as described in GB-PS 675 477 and 677 184.
US-PS 3 084 092 angår papir fremstilt ved samtidig bruk av en aminoharpiks og et hydrofobt organisk isocyanat. Aminohar-pikser beskrevet i US-PS 3 084 092 er polyfunksjonelle halogenhydrinharpikser ifølge US-PS 2 595 935, dicyandiamid-formaldehyd-aminopolymerene ifølge US-PS 2 596 014, urea-monosubstituerte ureaharpikser ifølge US-PS 2 698 787, polyamin-polyamid lineær polymerer ifølge US-PS 2 729 560, polymerene dannet ved kopolymerisering av akrylamin og akrylsyre ifølge US-PS 2 582 840 og aminosvovelsyre-melamin-formaldehydharpikser ifølge US-PS 2 688 607. US-PS 3,084,092 relates to paper produced by the simultaneous use of an amino resin and a hydrophobic organic isocyanate. Amino resins described in US-PS 3,084,092 are polyfunctional halohydrin resins according to US-PS 2,595,935, the dicyandiamide-formaldehyde amino polymers according to US-PS 2,596,014, urea-monosubstituted urea resins according to US-PS 2,698,787, polyamine-polyamide linear polymers according to US-PS 2,729,560, the polymers formed by copolymerization of acrylamine and acrylic acid according to US-PS 2,582,840 and aminosulphuric acid-melamine-formaldehyde resins according to US-PS 2,688,607.
US-PS 3 248 353 angår vannoppløselige kationisk substantive kjemostabile polymerer med tverrbundet langkjedet konfigura-sjon, brukbare som retensjonsmidler ved fremstilling av papir. Polymerene fremstilles ved i det vesentlige totalt å omsette til et punkt kort før geldannelse av epiklorhydrin med en hovedandel av et vannoppløselig bifunksjonelt amin som kjededannelseskomponent og en mindre andel av et vannoppløs-elig polyfunksjonelt amin med en funksjonalitet på over 2 som komponenten som danner sekundær aminbindinger i kjeden, idet forholdet mellom funksjonaliteten i epiklorhydrinet og den totale funksjonalitet for aminene er i det vesentlige lik 1:1. Bi funksjonelle aminer omfatter metylamin, etylamin, etanolamin, propylamin, N,N'-dimetyletylendiamin, piperazin og anilin (se kolonne 2, linjene 8-16). Polyfunksjonelle aminer er beskrevet i kolonne 2, linjene 17-25 cg linjene 32-38 og omfatter aminer slik som ammoniakk, etylendiamin N-metyletylendiamin, dietylentriamin, tetraetylenpentamin, p-fenylendiamin, p,p<*->bisanilin, og 1,3-diamino-2-propanol. Polymerene er brukbare som retensjonsmidler for høyere fettsyre isocyanater, høyere fettsyre ketendimerer og høyere fettsyre anhydrider (se kolonne 3, linjene 18-51). ;I henhold til det ovenfor anførte angår foreliggende oppfinnelse en fremgangsmåte av den innledningsvis nevnte art og denne karakteriseres ved at det som limingsaksellerator benyttes en kationisk polymer valgt blant en kationisk polymer oppnådd ved omsetning av et epihalogenhydrin med et kondensat fra kondensasjonen av bis-aminopropylpiperazin og dicyandiamid i et molforhold mellom bis-aminopropylpiperazin og dicyandiamid på fra 0,5:1 til 1:0,5 eller et kondensat fra kondensasjonen av bis-aminopropylpiperazin og cyanamid i et molforhold mellom bis-aminopropylpiperazin og cyanamid på fra 0,5:2 til 1:1, idet mengden av epihalogenhydrin som benyttes er fra 0,3 mol til 2 mol pr. mol aminnitrogen som er tilstede i kondensatet, eller en kationisk polymer oppnådd ved kondensasjon av bis-aminopropoylpiperazin og et epihalogenhydrin i et molforhold mellom bis-aminopropylpipeazin og epihalogenhydrin på 1:3 til 1:8, idet mengden limingsaksellerator som benyttes er en mengde tilstrekkelig til å øke "off-the-machine" limingsegenskapene for limingsmidlet. ;Oppfinnelsen angår som ovenfor anført også et limingspreparat for gjennomføring av den angitte fremgangsmåte, og dette karakteriseres ved at det inneholder et hydrofobt cellulosereaktivt llmingsmiddel og et kationisk polymer valgt blant gruppen bestående av en kationisk polymer oppnådd ved omsetning av et epihalogenhydrin med et kondensat avledet fra kondensasjon av dicyandiamid eller cyanamid med et bis-aminopropylpiperazin, eller en kationisk polymer oppnådd ved kondensasjon av epihalogenhydrin med bis-aminpropylpiperazin. De fortrukne 1 impreparater vil være vandige emulsjoner inneholdende et emulgeringsmiddel såvel som det cellulosereaktive 1imingsmiddel , en kationisk polymer som angitt ovenfor. Uttrykket "emulsjon" slik det heri benyttes er vanlig i denne teknikk og betyr enten en dispersjon av typen væske-i-væske eller av typen fast-i-væske. ;Uttrykket "off-the-machine" limingsegenskaper henviser til limingsnivået som er nådd når papiret forlater papirmaskinen mer enn det nivå som kan oppnås eventuelt etter den tid som er nødvendig for at reaksjonen mellom lim og cellulose skal fullføres. ;Vandige emulsjoner av hydrofobe cellulosereaktive lim er kjent i teknikken og er kommersielt tilgjengelig. For å fremstille de nye limpreparater ifølge oppfinnelsen blir en mengde av den kationiske polymer som er tilstrekkelig til å øke limvirkningen for limingsmidler grundig blandet med emulsjonen. Det er fastslått at fra 0,25 til 3 vektdeler av den kationiske polymer pr. vektdel hydrofobt cellulosereaktivt lim som er tilstede i emulsjonen gir gode resultater. ;Således er 1impreparatene ifølge oppfinnelsen vandige emulsjoner som i det vesentlige består av et hydrofobt cellulosereaktivt lim slik som en keten-dimer, minst et emulgeringsmiddel og, som limingsaksellerator, minst en av de nye kationiske polymerer. Mengden av emulgeringsmiddel eller emulgeringsmidler som benyttes skal være tilstrekkelig til å oppnå og å bibeholde en emulsjon som er stabil i lengre tidsrom og er som sådan kjent i teknikken. ;Emulgerlngsmidler som kan benyttes kan velges fra emulgerlngsmidler som vanligvis benyttes ved fremstilling av emulsjoner av cellulosereaktive lim. Slike emulger ingsmidler er godt kjente i denne teknikk og omfatter kationisk stivelse som er vannoppløsel ige stivelse med tilstrekkelige kationiske aminogrupper, kvaternært ammonium, eller andre kationiske grupper for å gjøre stivelsen som helhet cellulosesubstantlv. Et eksempel på en slik kationisk stivelse er deri kationiske aminmodifiserte stivelse som er beskrevet i GB-PS 903 416. ;Andre emulgeringsmidler som kan benyttes er vannoppløselige kationiske termoherdende harpikser oppnådd ved omsetning av epiklorhydrin med et vannoppløselig aminopolyamid fremstilt fra en dikarboksylsyre og et polyalkylen polyamin. Harpikser av denne type er beskrevet i GB-PS 865 727. ;Kationiske polymerer som kan brukes som limakselleratorer er angitt nedenfor. ;Kationiske polymerer (1) er en nitrogenholdig polymer oppnådd ved først å kondensere bis-aminopropylpiperazin med dicyandiamid eller cyanamid. Kondensasjonsreaksjonen danner en lavmolekylvekts polymer som deretter omsettes med et halogen-hydrin slik som epiklorhydrin. ;Kationisk polymer (1) fremstilles i to trinn. Først blir det fremstilt et forpolymerkondensat ved kondensasjon av bis-aminopropylpiperazin, (BAPP) og dicyandiamid i et molforhold mellom BAPP og dicyandiamid fra ca. 0,5:1 til 1:0,5. Det foretrukne molforhold er 1:1. Reaktantene blandes og oppvarmes til en temperatur fra 150-220° C i et tidsrom fra 1/2 time til 4 timer, inverst avhengig av temperaturen. Ammoniakk, NH3, utvikles under reaksjonen og reaksjonen er i det vesentlige ferdig når NH3 utviklingen slutter. Forpolymeren i vandig media blir deretter omsatt med epihalogenhydrin. Reaksjonen med epihalohydrin utføres ved for høy temperatur, fortrinnsvis ved 50-80'C, inntil reaksjonsproduktet har en viskositet ifølge Gardner-Holdt skalaen fra F til S. Mengden epihalogenhydrin som benyttes kan være fra 0,3 til 2 mol og fortrinnsvis 1 mol til 1,5 mol pr. mol aminnitrogen som er tilstede i forpolymerkondensatet. Hvis cyanamid benyttes istedet for dicyanamid vil antallet mol cyanamid være to ganger antallet mol dicyandiamid. ;I de følgende eksempler er alle del- og prosentangivelser på vektbasis hvis Ikke annet er sagt. ;Det følgende eksempel skal er illustrerende for fremstilling av kationisk polymer (1). ;Eksempel 1. ;Ti en 1-liters, 3-hals-rundkolbe utstyrt med mekanisk røreverk, varmekappe, termostatstyrt temperaturregulator og tilbakeløpskondensator forbundet med vannfelle chargeres 200 g eller 1 mol bis-aminopropylpiperazin og 84 g eller 1 mol dicyandiamid. Oppvarmingen startes og fortsettes til 160° C under utvikling av ammoniakk. Blandingen ble holdt ved 160°C i 3 timer i løpet av hvilket tidsrom mer enn 1 mol ammoniakk ble samlet opp og deretter ble reaksjonen stoppet ved tilsetning av 284 g destillert vann, noe som ga en vandig dispersjon med 44,4% faststoffer totalt. Til en 500 ml 3-halset rundkolbe inneholdende et stort fjerde hull egnet for innføring pH elektroder for å styre reaksjonen, ble det koblet et mekanisk røreverk, en tilbakeløpskondensator og et Spurlin-Spence viskometer (i det vesentlige et fint rør med 5 ml reservoar som fylles ved sug og tiden som er nødvendig for føring gjennom en fast avstand måles). Denne reaksjonsbehol-der ble chargert med 113 g (50 g forpolymer faststoffer) av den vandige oppløsning av kondensasjonsforpolymerer som ble fremstilt som ovenfor (tilsvarende 0,4 aminekvivalenter) og 86 g destillert vann for å fortynne materialet til 25% faststoffer. Deretter ble 46 g eller 0,5 mol epiklorhydrin tilsatt. Den første reaksjons pH var 12,1. Det var en eksoterm reaksjon som bragte temperaturen til 60°C og deretter ble varme tilført for å holde temperaturen ved 70°C. Viskositeten begynte å stige 45 minutter etter eplklorhydrin-tilsetningen da pH-verdien var 7,0. Reaks]onsmassen ble oppvarmet ytterligere 45 minutter under hvilket tidsrom viskositeten øket til 15 sekunder i Spurlin-Spence viskosi-meteret (tilsvarende en Gardner-Holdt viskositet lik N) og reaksjonen ble stoppet ved tilsetning av 234 g destillert vann og 14,4 maursyre som senket pH-verdien i produktet til 4,0. Det totale faststoffinnhold var 24,0%. ;Kationiske polymerer (2) er en nitrogenholdig polymer oppnådd ved kondensasjon av et alkylendlamin med et epihalogenhydrin slik som epiklorhydrin i et molforhold mellom alkylendlamin og epihalogenhydrin på 2:1. Produktet fra denne reaksjon omsettes med dicyandiamid eller cyanamid og man oppnår en lav molekylvektpolymer som deretter omsettes med et epihalogenhydrin slik som epiklorhydrin. Eksempler på alkylendlaminer som kan benyttes ved fremstilling av denne kationiske polymer (2) er etylendiamin, propylendiamin, heksametylendiamin. Blandinger av to eller flere alkylendlaminer kan benyttes hvis dette er ønskelig. ;Kationisk polymer (2) fremstilles i tre trinn. Først omsettes alkylendiaminet med et epihalogenhydrin i et molforhold på 2 til 1 ved en temperatur på 50-80°C i løpet av et tidsrom på 1 til 3 timer, idet tiden varierer inverst med temperaturen, for å oppnå et reaks j onsprodukt. Dette reaksj onsprodukt omsettes deretter med dicyandiamid ved en temperatur på 150-220° C 1 fra 1/2 til 4 timer, idet tiden varierer inverst med temperaturen. Mengden dicyandiamid som benyttes vil være fra 1 mol til 2 mol pr. mol epiklorhydrin som benyttes i reaksjonen med alkylpolyaminet idet 1 mol er foretrukket. Dette reaksj onsprodukt omsettes deretter med epihalogenhydrin i en mengde av 2 til 2,5 mol lpr. mol epihalogenhydrin som benyttes i reaksjonen med alkylendlamin ved en temperatur på 25-70°C i et tidsrom på 1 til 4 timer der tiden varierer inverst med temperaturen. ;De følgende eksempler er illustrerende for fremstillingen av kationisk polymer (2). ;Eksempel 2. ;Til en 500 ml 3-hals-rundkolbe utstyrt med varmekappe, termostyring, mekanisk røreverk og tilbakeløpskondensator forbundet med vannfelle ble det tilsatt 120 g eller 2 mol etylendlamin. Denne ble oppvarmet til 50°C hvoretter 92 g eller 1 mol epiklorhydrin ble dråpevis tilsatt i løpet av 2 timer. Temperaturen ble tillatt å stige til 60°C og deretter øket til 80°C under anvendelse av varme. 84 g eller 1 mol dicyandiamid ble deretter tilsatt til innholdet i kolben. Reaksjonsblandingen ble oppvarmet til 160°C og holdt ved denne temperatur i 2 timer i Ca 1,8 mol NH3 ble utviklet under kondensasjonsreaksjonen. 300 ml vann ble tilsatt for å gi en reaksjonsmasse inneholdende 48 g faststoffer. 104 g av denne reaksjonsmasse (50 g faststoffer) ble fortynnet med van til et faststoff innhold på 25% og 43 g epiklorhydrin ble tilsatt i løpet av 15 minutter. Denne reaksjonsmasse ble oppvarmet til 70° C og holdt ved denne temperatur i 5 timer. Sluttproduktet hadde et faststoffInnhold på 32 vekt-%. ;Kationisk polymer (3) er en nitrogenholdig polymer oppnådd ved kondensasjon av 1,3-dicyanobenzen med et polyalkylenpolyamin for å oppnå en lavmolekylvektpolymer. Den resulterende polymer omsettes deretter med et epihalogenhydrin slik som epiklorhydrin. Polyalkylenpolyamlnet som ble benyttet ved fremstillingen av kationisk polymer (3) kan være en polyetyl-enpolyamin, en polypropylenpolyamin, en polybutylenpolyamln og lignende. Spesifikke eksempler på silke polyalkylenpolyaminer er dietylentriamin, trietylentetramin, tetraetylenpentamin og dipropylentriamin. ;Kationisk polymer (3) fremstilles i to trinn. Først blir 1,3-dicyanobenzen kondensert med et polyalkylenpolyamin i et molforhold på 1:1 for å oppnå en kondensasjon forpolymer. Denne kondensasjonsreaksjon gjennomføres ved en temperatur av 150-200° C i et tidsrom på 1 til 4 timer. Tiden varierer inverst med temperaturen. Kondensasjons forpolymeren omsettes deretter i vandig media med et epihalogenhydrin ved forhøyet temperatur, fortrinnsvis 50-90°C, i ca. 1 til 4 timer. Tiden varierer her også inverst med temperaturen. Et mol epihalogenhydrin benyttes pr. mol amin nitrogen som er tilstede i kondensasjons forpolymeren. ;Eksempel 3. ;Man benytter i dette eksempel samme utstyr som i eksempel 2. 64 g eller 0,5 mol 1,3-dicyanobenzen og 51,5 g eller 0,5 mol dietylentriamin ble tilsatt til kolben for å oppnå en blanding som ble oppvarmet til 165'C og holdt ved denne temperatur 1 4 timer. I løpet av dette tidsrom ble det utviklet ca. 0,5 mol NH3. Reaksjonsproduktet ble avkjølt til romtemperatur, ca. 23°C. 23 g av reaksjonsproduktet tilsvarende 0,11 amin ekvivalenter ble oppløst i 25 g metanol hvoretter 75 g vann ble tilsatt fulgt av 15 g eller 0,16 mol epiklorhydrin hvoretter reaksjonsblandingen ble oppvarmet til 90°C og holdt ved denne temperatur i ca. 2 timer. Produktet hadde 29 vekt-% faststoffer. ;Kationisk polymer (4) er en nitrogenholdig polymer oppnådd ved kondensasjon av bis-aminopropylpiperazin ved et epihalogenhydrin slik som epiklorhydrin. ;Kationisk polymer (4) fremstilles ved kondensasjonsreaksjon mellom bis-aminpropylpiperazin og et epihalogenhydrin i et molforhold mellom bis-aminopropylpiperazin og epihalogenhydrin på 1:3 til 1:8, fortrinnsvis i et molforhold på 1:4. Reaksjonen gjennomføres ved en temperatur av 50-90°C Inntil reaksj onsproduktet har viskositet ifølge Gardner-Holdt skalaen og F til S. Dette krever vanligvis 1 til 4 timer, alt avhengig av den anvendte temperatur. ;Eksempel 4. ;Man benytter den apparatur som er angitt i eksempel 2. 64 g eller 0,32 mol bis-aminopropylpiperazin ble blandet med 354 g vann i kolben hvoretter 125 g eller 1,34 mol epiklorhydrin langsomt ble tilsatt i løpet av 15 mnutter. ;Etter at epiklorhydrinet var tilsatt steg temperaturen i reaksjonsmassen hurtig til 70"C og man benyttet et avkjølende vannbad for å holde temperaturen på 70°C. Etter at epiklorhydr int i 1 set ingen var ferdig ble kjølebadet fjernet og temperaturen ble holdt ved 70° C ved hjelp av en varmekappe. Viskositeten steg gradvis i løpet av 1 1/2 time til en Gardner-Holdt viskositet lik N. Reaksjonen ble stoppet ved tilsetning av 398 g vann, 6 g maursyre og ekstern avkjøling. Den resulterende oppløsning hadde et faststoffinnhold på 20% og en pH lik 5. ;Sure anhydrider som kan benyttes som cellulosereaktive 1 imingsmidler for papirer er vel kjent i teknikken og omfatter (A) kolofoniumanhydrid, se US-PS 3 582 464; (B) anhydrider med strukturen ;der R^ er en mettet eller en umettet hydrokarbonrest idet denne er en rettkjedet eller forgrenet alkylrest, en aromat-isk substituert alkylrest, eller en alkylsubstituert aromat-isk rest så lenge hydrokarbonresten totalt inneholder fra 11 til 39 karbonatomer; og (C) cykliske dikarboksylsyreanhydrider med strukturen ;der R' angir én dimetylen- eller trimetylenrest og R" er en hydrokarbonrest inneholdende fra 8 til og med 22 karbonatomer valgt blant alkyl , alkenyl , aralkyl eller aralkenyl. Substituerte cykliske dikarboksylsyreanhydrider som faller innenfor den ovenfor angitte formel (II) er substituerte ravsyre- og glutarsyreanhydrider. I formel (I) ovenfor kan Ri være den samme hydrokarbonrest eller det kan være for-skjellige. ;Spesifikke eksempler på anhydrider med formelen (I) er myristoylsyreanhydrid; palmitoylsyreanhydrid, oleoylsyreanhy-drid og stearoylsyreanhydrid. ;Spesifikke eksempler på anhydrider med formel (II) er isooctadecenylravsyreanhydrld: n-heksadecenylravsyreanhydrid, oktenylravsyreanhydrid og oktylglutarsyreanhydrld. ;Hydrofobe organiske isocyanater som benyttes som lim for papir er vel kjente i teknikken. De beste resultater oppnås når hydrokarbonkj edene i isocyanatene inneholder minst 12 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis fra 14 til 36 karbonatomer. Slike isocyanater omfatter kolofoniumisocyanat, dodecylisocyanat, oktadecylisocyanat, tetradecylisocyanat, 6-etyldecylisocyan-at, 6-fenyldecylisocyanat og polyisocyanater slik som 1,18-oktadecyldiisocyanat og 1,12-dodecyldiisocyanat hvori en langkjedet alkylgruppe tjener to isocyanatrester og gir hydrofobe egenskaper til molekylet som helhet. ;Keten-dimerer som benyttes som cellulosereaktive lim er dimerer med formelen ;(R"'CH=C=0)2;der R"' er en hydrkarbonrest slik som alkyl med minst 8 karbonatomer, cykloalkyl med minst 6 karbonatomer, aryl, aralkyl og alkaryl. Ved navngivelse av keten-dimerene blir resten R"' angitt ved navnet fulgt av "keten-dimer". Således er fenylketen-dimer: ;bensylketen-dimer: ;og decylketen-dimer (CiqH21~CB>O0)2. Eksempler på keten-dimerer omfatter octyl-, decyl-, dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, heksadecyl-, octadecyl-, eicosyl-, docosyl-, tetracosyl-, fenyl-, benzylbetanaftasyl- og cykloheksylketen-dimerer såvel som keten-dimerer fremstilt fra montansyre, naftensyre, »10-decylensyre, A^»<10->dodecylensyre, palmitoleinsyre, oleinsyre, ricinoleinsyre, 1inolelnsyre, linolensyre og eleostearinsyre såvel som ketendimerer fremstilt fra naturlig forekomne blandinger av fettsyrer slik som de blandinger som finnes i kokosnøttolje, babassuolje, palmekjerneolje, palmolje, olivenolje, jordnøttolje, rapsolje, talg, spekk og hvalfett. Blandinger av en hvilken som helst av de ovenfor angitte fettsyrer med hverandre kan også benyttes. ;Eksempel 5 ;Én emulsjon av en keten-dimer fremstilt fra en blanding av palmitinsyre og stearinsyre fremstilles ved å blande 880 deler vann, 60 deler kationisk maisstivelse og 10 deler natriumligninsulfonat. Blandingen justeres til en pH-verdi på ca. 3,5 ved 98% svovelsyre. Den resulterende blanding oppvarmes til 90-95°C i ca. en time. Vann tilsettes deretter til blandingen i en mengde tilstrekkelig til å gi en blanding på 1750 vektdeler totalt. Ca. 24o vektdeler av keten-dimeren omrøres inn i blandingen sammen med 2,4 deler tiadiazin. Tiadlazin benyttes som preserveringsmiddel. Den resulterende ;forblanding homogeniseres ved 65'C ved en gjennomføring gjennom en homogenisator ved 280 kg/cm* Det homogeniserte produkt fortynnes med vann til et keten-dimer fast stoffinn-hold på ca. 6%. US-PS 3,248,353 relates to water-soluble cationically substantive chemostable polymers with a cross-linked long-chain configuration, usable as retention agents in the manufacture of paper. The polymers are prepared by essentially completely reacting to a point shortly before gelation epichlorohydrin with a major proportion of a water-soluble bifunctional amine as the chain-forming component and a minor proportion of a water-soluble polyfunctional amine with a functionality greater than 2 as the component that forms secondary amine bonds in the chain, the ratio between the functionality in the epichlorohydrin and the total functionality for the amines being essentially equal to 1:1. Bi functional amines include methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, propylamine, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, piperazine and aniline (see column 2, lines 8-16). Polyfunctional amines are described in column 2, lines 17-25 and lines 32-38 and include amines such as ammonia, ethylenediamine N-methylethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, p-phenylenediamine, p,p<*->bisaniline, and 1,3 -diamino-2-propanol. The polymers are useful as retention agents for higher fatty acid isocyanates, higher fatty acid ketene dimers and higher fatty acid anhydrides (see column 3, lines 18-51). According to the above, the present invention relates to a method of the kind mentioned at the outset and this is characterized by the fact that a cationic polymer selected from a cationic polymer obtained by reacting an epihalohydrin with a condensate from the condensation of bis-aminopropylpiperazine and dicyandiamide in a molar ratio of bis-aminopropylpiperazine to dicyandiamide of from 0.5:1 to 1:0.5 or a condensate from the condensation of bis-aminopropylpiperazine and cyanamide in a molar ratio of bis-aminopropylpiperazine to cyanamide of from 0.5:2 to 1:1, the amount of epihalohydrin used being from 0.3 mol to 2 mol per moles of amine nitrogen present in the condensate, or a cationic polymer obtained by condensation of bis-aminopropylpiperazine and an epihalohydrin in a molar ratio between bis-aminopropylpipeazine and epihalohydrin of 1:3 to 1:8, the amount of sizing accelerator used being an amount sufficient to to increase the "off-the-machine" bonding properties of the bonding agent. As stated above, the invention also relates to a gluing preparation for carrying out the specified method, and this is characterized by the fact that it contains a hydrophobic cellulose-reactive gluing agent and a cationic polymer selected from the group consisting of a cationic polymer obtained by reacting an epihalohydrin with a condensate derived from condensation of dicyandiamide or cyanamide with a bis-aminopropylpiperazine, or a cationic polymer obtained by condensation of epihalohydrin with bis-aminopropylpiperazine. The preferred impregnation preparations will be aqueous emulsions containing an emulsifier as well as the cellulose-reactive impregnating agent, a cationic polymer as indicated above. The term "emulsion" as used herein is common in this technique and means either a dispersion of the liquid-in-liquid type or of the solid-in-liquid type. ;The term "off-the-machine" sizing properties refers to the level of sizing that is reached when the paper leaves the paper machine in excess of the level that can possibly be achieved after the time required for the reaction between the size and cellulose to be completed. Aqueous emulsions of hydrophobic cellulose reactive adhesives are known in the art and are commercially available. In order to produce the new adhesive preparations according to the invention, an amount of the cationic polymer which is sufficient to increase the adhesive effect of adhesives is thoroughly mixed with the emulsion. It has been determined that from 0.25 to 3 parts by weight of the cationic polymer per part by weight of hydrophobic cellulose reactive adhesive present in the emulsion gives good results. Thus, the impregnation preparations according to the invention are aqueous emulsions which essentially consist of a hydrophobic cellulose-reactive adhesive such as a ketene dimer, at least one emulsifier and, as a bonding accelerator, at least one of the new cationic polymers. The amount of emulsifier or emulsifiers used must be sufficient to obtain and maintain an emulsion which is stable for longer periods of time and as such is known in the art. Emulsifiers that can be used can be selected from emulsifiers that are usually used in the production of emulsions of cellulose-reactive adhesives. Such emulsifying agents are well known in the art and include cationic starch which is water soluble starch with sufficient cationic amino groups, quaternary ammonium, or other cationic groups to render the starch as a whole cellulosic substance. An example of such a cationic starch is therein cationic amine-modified starch which is described in GB-PS 903 416. Other emulsifiers that can be used are water-soluble cationic thermosetting resins obtained by reacting epichlorohydrin with a water-soluble aminopolyamide prepared from a dicarboxylic acid and a polyalkylene polyamine . Resins of this type are described in GB-PS 865 727. Cationic polymers which can be used as glue accelerators are listed below. ;Cationic polymers (1) is a nitrogen-containing polymer obtained by first condensing bis-aminopropylpiperazine with dicyandiamide or cyanamide. The condensation reaction forms a low molecular weight polymer which is then reacted with a halohydrin such as epichlorohydrin. Cationic polymer (1) is produced in two steps. First, a prepolymer condensate is produced by condensation of bis-aminopropylpiperazine, (BAPP) and dicyandiamide in a molar ratio between BAPP and dicyandiamide of approx. 0.5:1 to 1:0.5. The preferred molar ratio is 1:1. The reactants are mixed and heated to a temperature of 150-220° C for a period of 1/2 hour to 4 hours, depending inversely on the temperature. Ammonia, NH3, is evolved during the reaction and the reaction is essentially finished when NH3 evolution stops. The prepolymer in aqueous media is then reacted with epihalohydrin. The reaction with epihalohydrin is carried out at too high a temperature, preferably at 50-80'C, until the reaction product has a viscosity according to the Gardner-Holdt scale from F to S. The amount of epihalohydrin used can be from 0.3 to 2 mol and preferably 1 mol to 1.5 mol per moles of amine nitrogen present in the prepolymer condensate. If cyanamide is used instead of dicyanamide, the number of moles of cyanamide will be twice the number of moles of dicyandiamide. In the following examples, all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated. The following example shall be illustrative of the production of cationic polymer (1). ;Example 1. ;Into a 1-liter, 3-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, heating jacket, thermostatically controlled temperature regulator and reflux condenser connected to a water trap are charged 200 g or 1 mol of bis-aminopropylpiperazine and 84 g or 1 mol of dicyandiamide. The heating is started and continued to 160° C while ammonia is evolved. The mixture was held at 160°C for 3 hours during which time more than 1 mole of ammonia was collected and then the reaction was quenched by the addition of 284 g of distilled water, giving an aqueous dispersion with 44.4% total solids. To a 500 ml 3-neck round-bottomed flask containing a large fourth hole suitable for inserting pH electrodes to control the reaction, a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and a Spurlin-Spence viscometer (essentially a fine tube with a 5 ml reservoir which is filled by suction and the time required for guiding through a fixed distance is measured). This reaction vessel was charged with 113 g (50 g prepolymer solids) of the aqueous solution of condensation prepolymers prepared as above (corresponding to 0.4 amine equivalents) and 86 g distilled water to dilute the material to 25% solids. Then 46 g or 0.5 mol of epichlorohydrin was added. The pH of the first reaction was 12.1. It was an exothermic reaction that brought the temperature to 60°C and then heat was added to keep the temperature at 70°C. The viscosity began to rise 45 minutes after the apple chlorohydrin addition when the pH value was 7.0. The reaction mass was heated for a further 45 minutes during which time the viscosity increased to 15 seconds in the Spurlin-Spence viscometer (corresponding to a Gardner-Holdt viscosity equal to N) and the reaction was stopped by the addition of 234 g of distilled water and 14.4 of formic acid which lowered the pH value in the product to 4.0. The total solids content was 24.0%. Cationic polymers (2) is a nitrogen-containing polymer obtained by condensation of an alkylend amine with an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin in a molar ratio between alkylend amine and epihalohydrin of 2:1. The product from this reaction is reacted with dicyandiamide or cyanamide and a low molecular weight polymer is obtained which is then reacted with an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin. Examples of alkylendamines that can be used in the production of this cationic polymer (2) are ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine. Mixtures of two or more alkylendamines can be used if this is desired. Cationic polymer (2) is produced in three steps. First, the alkylenediamine is reacted with an epihalohydrin in a molar ratio of 2 to 1 at a temperature of 50-80°C over a period of 1 to 3 hours, the time varying inversely with the temperature, to obtain a reaction product. This reaction product is then reacted with dicyandiamide at a temperature of 150-220°C for 1/2 to 4 hours, the time varying inversely with the temperature. The amount of dicyandiamide used will be from 1 mol to 2 mol per mol of epichlorohydrin used in the reaction with the alkyl polyamine, 1 mol being preferred. This reaction product is then reacted with epihalohydrin in an amount of 2 to 2.5 mol lpr. moles of epihalohydrin used in the reaction with alkylene amine at a temperature of 25-70°C for a period of 1 to 4 hours where the time varies inversely with the temperature. The following examples are illustrative of the production of cationic polymer (2). ;Example 2. ;To a 500 ml 3-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a heating jacket, thermocontrol, mechanical stirrer and reflux condenser connected to a water trap, 120 g or 2 mol of ethylene amine were added. This was heated to 50°C after which 92 g or 1 mol of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over the course of 2 hours. The temperature was allowed to rise to 60°C and then increased to 80°C using heat. 84 g or 1 mole of dicyandiamide was then added to the contents of the flask. The reaction mixture was heated to 160°C and held at this temperature for 2 hours in Ca 1.8 mol of NH3 was evolved during the condensation reaction. 300 ml of water was added to give a reaction mass containing 48 g of solids. 104 g of this reaction mass (50 g of solids) was diluted with water to a solids content of 25% and 43 g of epichlorohydrin was added over 15 minutes. This reaction mass was heated to 70° C. and kept at this temperature for 5 hours. The final product had a solids content of 32% by weight. Cationic polymer (3) is a nitrogen-containing polymer obtained by condensation of 1,3-dicyanobenzene with a polyalkylene polyamine to obtain a low molecular weight polymer. The resulting polymer is then reacted with an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin. The polyalkylene polyamine used in the production of cationic polymer (3) can be a polyethylene polyamine, a polypropylene polyamine, a polybutylene polyamine and the like. Specific examples of silk polyalkylene polyamines are diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine and dipropylenetriamine. Cationic polymer (3) is produced in two steps. First, 1,3-dicyanobenzene is condensed with a polyalkylene polyamine in a molar ratio of 1:1 to obtain a condensation prepolymer. This condensation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 150-200° C for a period of 1 to 4 hours. The time varies inversely with the temperature. The condensation prepolymer is then reacted in aqueous media with an epihalohydrin at an elevated temperature, preferably 50-90°C, for approx. 1 to 4 hours. The time here also varies inversely with the temperature. One mole of epihalohydrin is used per moles of amine nitrogen present in the condensation prepolymer. ;Example 3. ;The same equipment as in example 2 is used in this example. 64 g or 0.5 mol of 1,3-dicyanobenzene and 51.5 g or 0.5 mol of diethylenetriamine were added to the flask to obtain a mixture which was heated to 165°C and held at this temperature for 14 hours. During this period, approx. 0.5 moles of NH3. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature, approx. 23°C. 23 g of the reaction product corresponding to 0.11 amine equivalents was dissolved in 25 g of methanol after which 75 g of water was added followed by 15 g or 0.16 mol of epichlorohydrin after which the reaction mixture was heated to 90°C and kept at this temperature for approx. 2 hours. The product had 29% solids by weight. Cationic polymer (4) is a nitrogen-containing polymer obtained by condensation of bis-aminopropylpiperazine with an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin. Cationic polymer (4) is produced by condensation reaction between bis-aminopropylpiperazine and an epihalohydrin in a molar ratio between bis-aminopropylpiperazine and epihalohydrin of 1:3 to 1:8, preferably in a molar ratio of 1:4. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50-90°C until the reaction product has viscosity according to the Gardner-Holdt scale and F to S. This usually requires 1 to 4 hours, all depending on the temperature used. ;Example 4. ;The apparatus specified in example 2 is used. 64 g or 0.32 mol of bis-aminopropylpiperazine was mixed with 354 g of water in the flask after which 125 g or 1.34 mol of epichlorohydrin was slowly added over 15 minutes. After the epichlorohydrin had been added, the temperature in the reaction mass rose rapidly to 70°C and a cooling water bath was used to keep the temperature at 70°C. After the epichlorohydrin in 1 set had not finished, the cooling bath was removed and the temperature was kept at 70° C using a heating mantle. The viscosity gradually increased over 1 1/2 hours to a Gardner-Holdt viscosity equal to N. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 398 g of water, 6 g of formic acid and external cooling. The resulting solution had a solids content of 20% and a pH equal to 5. ;Acid anhydrides which can be used as cellulose-reactive 1 imming agents for papers are well known in the art and include (A) rosin anhydride, see US-PS 3 582 464; (B) anhydrides with the structure ;where R ^ is a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon residue in that this is a straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, an aromatically substituted alkyl residue, or an alkyl-substituted aromatic residue as long as the hydrocarbon residue contains a total of from 11 to 39 carbonate omer; and (C) cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides of the structure ; where R' denotes one dimethylene or trimethylene residue and R" is a hydrocarbon residue containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl or aralkenyl. Substituted cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides falling within the above indicated formula (II) are substituted succinic and glutaric anhydrides. In formula (I) above, Ri may be the same hydrocarbon residue or it may be different. Specific examples of anhydrides with formula (I) are myristoyl anhydride, palmitoyl anhydride, oleoyl anhydride and stearoyl anhydride. ;Specific examples of anhydrides with formula (II) are isooctadecenylsuccinic anhydride: n-hexadecenylsuccinic anhydride, octenylsuccinic anhydride and octylglutaric anhydride. ;Hydrophobic organic isocyanates that are used as adhesives for paper are well known in the art. The best results are obtained when the hydrocarbon chains in the isocyanates contain at least 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 36 carbon atoms. Such isocyanates include rosin isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, tetradecyl isocyanate, 6-ethyldecyl isocyanate, 6-phenyldecyl isocyanate and polyisocyanates such as 1,18-octadecyl diisocyanate and 1,12-dodecyl diisocyanate in which a long-chain alkyl group serves as two isocyanate residues and gives hydrophobic properties to the molecule as a whole . Keten dimers used as cellulose reactive adhesives are dimers with the formula ;(R"'CH=C=0)2;where R"' is a hydrocarbon residue such as alkyl with at least 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with at least 6 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl and alkaryl. When naming the ketene dimers, the residue R"' is indicated by the name followed by "ketene dimer". Thus, phenylketene dimer: ;benzylketene dimer: ;and decylketene dimer (CiqH21~CB>O0)2. Examples of the ketene -dimers include octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl, tetracosyl, phenyl, benzylbetanaphthasyl and cyclohexyl ketene dimers as well as ketene dimers prepared from montanic acid, naphthenic acid, »10-decylenic acid, A^»<10->dodecylenic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, 1inoleic acid, linolenic acid and eleostearic acid as well as ketene dimers produced from naturally occurring mixtures of fatty acids such as those found in coconut oil, babassu oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, tallow, lard and whale fat. Mixtures of any of the above fatty acids with each other can also be used. ;Example 5 ;One emulsion of a ketene dimer prepared from a mixture of palmitic acid and stearic acid prepared es by mixing 880 parts water, 60 parts cationic corn starch and 10 parts sodium lignin sulfonate. The mixture is adjusted to a pH value of approx. 3.5 at 98% sulfuric acid. The resulting mixture is heated to 90-95°C for approx. one hour. Water is then added to the mixture in an amount sufficient to give a mixture of 1750 parts by weight in total. About. 240 parts by weight of the ketene dimer are stirred into the mixture together with 2.4 parts of thiadiazine. Thiadlazine is used as a preservative. The resulting premix is homogenized at 65°C by passing through a homogenizer at 280 kg/cm* The homogenized product is diluted with water to a ketene-dimer solids content of approximately 6%.
Som velkjent i teknikken benyttes hydrofobe cellulosereaktive lim ved intern liming av papir og ved ekstern liming av papir. Akselleratorene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan.benyttes i kombinasjon med limingsmidler 1 begge disse metoder. As is well known in the art, hydrophobic cellulose reactive glue is used for internal gluing of paper and for external gluing of paper. The accelerators according to the invention can be used in combination with adhesives 1 both of these methods.
Eksempel 6 Example 6
Produktene ifølge eksempel 1 og eksempel 5 ble blandet under tilsetning av vann for å gi et vandig lim inneholdende 0,10% keten-dimer og 0,10% nitrogenholdlg polymer ifølge eksempel 1. The products according to example 1 and example 5 were mixed with the addition of water to give an aqueous adhesive containing 0.10% ketene dimer and 0.10% nitrogen-containing polymer according to example 1.
Eksempel 7. Example 7.
Produktene ifølge eksempel 2 og eksempel 5 ble kombinert under tilsetning av vann for å oppnå et vandig lim inneholdende 0,10% keten-dimer og 0,10% nitrogenholdig polymer ifølge eksempel 2. The products according to example 2 and example 5 were combined with the addition of water to obtain an aqueous adhesive containing 0.10% ketene dimer and 0.10% nitrogenous polymer according to example 2.
Eksempel 8. Example 8.
Produktene ifølge eksempel 3 og eksempel 5 ble kombinert under tilsetning av vann for å oppnå et vandig lim inneholdende 0,10% keten-dimer og 0,10% nitrogenholdig polymer ifølge eksempel 3. The products according to example 3 and example 5 were combined with the addition of water to obtain an aqueous adhesive containing 0.10% ketene dimer and 0.10% nitrogenous polymer according to example 3.
Eksempel 9. Example 9.
Produktene ifølge eksempel 4 og eksempel 5 ble kombinert under tilsetning av vann for å oppnå et vandig lim inneholdende 0,10% keten-dimer og 0,10% nitrogenholdig polymer ifølge eksempel 4. The products according to example 4 and example 5 were combined with the addition of water to obtain an aqueous adhesive containing 0.10% ketene dimer and 0.10% nitrogenous polymer according to example 4.
Eksempel 10 Example 10
Et vandig limpreparat ble fremstilt for å oppnå et preparat ifølge eksemplene 6, 7, 8 og 9 bortsett fra at det som nitrogenholdig polymer ble benyttet en aminopolyamid-epiklor-hydrinharpiks. Aminopolyamidet var avledet fra adipinsyre og dietylentriamin. Prøveresultatene viser at denne kationiske polymer ikke virker som aksellerator for keten-dimeren. An aqueous adhesive preparation was prepared to obtain a preparation according to examples 6, 7, 8 and 9 except that an aminopolyamide epichlorohydrin resin was used as the nitrogenous polymer. The aminopolyamide was derived from adipic acid and diethylenetriamine. The test results show that this cationic polymer does not act as an accelerator for the ketene dimer.
De ovenfor angitte llmingspreparater ble påført på overflaten av et ark vannlagt papir på 40 pund pr. 3000 fot<2>. Arket ble fremstilt av en 50:50 hardtre:myktre masse på en pilotmaskin. Hvert limingspreparat ble justert til en pH-verdi på 7 før påsmør ing på papirarket i nypen i en horisontal limpresse. Limpressen løp med 12,2 m pr. minutt og våtopptaket var 70%. Retensjonen for keten-dimerlimet var den samme i alle forsøkene. De limte ark ble tørket ved 93"C i 20 sekunder på en laboratorietrommeltørker til et fuktighetsinnhold på 5%. Limingen ble målt ved "Hercules Size Test" med prøveoppløsn-ing nr. 2 til den indikerte refleksjon. "Off-machine"-data oppnås innen 2 minutters tørking og de naturlige aldringsdata etter 2-5 dagers lagring ved romtemperatur. Det er kjent i denne teknikk at keten-dimer lim utvikler i det vesentlige alle sine liminingsegenskaper i papiret i løpet av 3 dager. Etter dette tidsrom forblir limingsegenskapene i papiret i det vesentlige de samme. "Off-machine"-resultatet er det kritiske resultat da dette gjengir hastigheten med hvilken limingen utvikles. Overflatepåføring av llmingspreparater eliminerer retens j onsef f ekter av den benyttede kationiske polymer. The above-mentioned sealing compositions were applied to the surface of a sheet of water-coated paper of 40 pounds per square inch. 3000 feet<2>. The sheet was produced from a 50:50 hardwood:softwood pulp on a pilot machine. Each gluing preparation was adjusted to a pH value of 7 before being applied to the paper sheet in the rosehip in a horizontal gluing press. The glue press ran at 12.2 m per minute and the wet absorption was 70%. The retention of the ketene dimer glue was the same in all experiments. The bonded sheets were dried at 93°C for 20 seconds on a laboratory tumble dryer to a moisture content of 5%. Bonding was measured by the "Hercules Size Test" with sample solution No. 2 to the indicated reflectance. "Off-machine" data is obtained within 2 minutes of drying and the natural aging data after 2-5 days of storage at room temperature. It is known in the art that ketene dimer adhesives develop substantially all of their bonding properties in the paper within 3 days. After this period, the bonding properties remain in the paper essentially the same. The "off-machine" result is the critical result as this reflects the rate at which the bonding develops. Surface application of bonding agents eliminates retention effects of the cationic polymer used.
Limingsresultåtene er angitt i tabell I. The bonding results are listed in Table I.
Den ovenfor angitte beskrivelse er illustrerende for oppfinnelsen og skal ikke virke begrensende på denne. The description given above is illustrative of the invention and shall not act as a limitation on it.
Claims (8)
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NO800199A NO158954C (en) | 1980-01-28 | 1980-01-28 | PROCEDURE FOR INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL LIMITATION OF PAPER AND AN ADMINISTRATION FOR USE IN THE PROCEDURE. |
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NO800199A NO158954C (en) | 1980-01-28 | 1980-01-28 | PROCEDURE FOR INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL LIMITATION OF PAPER AND AN ADMINISTRATION FOR USE IN THE PROCEDURE. |
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NO158954B true NO158954B (en) | 1988-08-08 |
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