NO158501B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DIALKYL OXALATE. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DIALKYL OXALATE. Download PDFInfo
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- NO158501B NO158501B NO86864753A NO864753A NO158501B NO 158501 B NO158501 B NO 158501B NO 86864753 A NO86864753 A NO 86864753A NO 864753 A NO864753 A NO 864753A NO 158501 B NO158501 B NO 158501B
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon monoxide
- oxalate
- dialkyl
- compound
- peroxide
- Prior art date
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012969 di-tertiary-butyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- CIYGMWIAXRMHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl oxalate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C CIYGMWIAXRMHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ITHNIFCFNUZYLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropan-2-yl oxalate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(=O)OC(C)C ITHNIFCFNUZYLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003901 oxalic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CNQHQDFYLOARSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;methyl hypochlorite;pyridine Chemical compound [Cu].COCl.C1=CC=NC=C1 CNQHQDFYLOARSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PXQPEWDEAKTCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N orotic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 PXQPEWDEAKTCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl oxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)OC LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical group CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000786363 Rhampholeon spectrum Species 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005010 orotic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008027 tertiary esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling, av et dialkyloksalat. The present invention relates to a method for the production of a dialkyl oxalate.
Dialkyloksalater har forskjellige industrielle anvendelser, slik som f.eks. reagenser for analyse, oppløsningsmidler og utgangsmaterialer for fremstilling av oksamid, orotinsyre, osv. Deres absolutt største potensielle bruk er som et mellomprodukt ved fremstilling av etylenglykol ved hydrogenering. Spesifikke dialkyloksalater er også mellomprodukter ved fremstilling av andre verdifulle produkter. F.eks. Dialkyl oxalates have various industrial applications, such as e.g. reagents for analysis, solvents and starting materials for the production of oxamide, orotic acid, etc. Their absolute greatest potential use is as an intermediate in the production of ethylene glycol by hydrogenation. Specific dialkyl oxalates are also intermediates in the production of other valuable products. E.g.
er di-t-butyloksalat kjent for å gjennomgå en lett og effektiv dekomponering til i-buten og oksalsyre, og det sistnevnte produkt benyttes i industrien som et beisemiddel. ved klestrykk, for fremstilling av fargestoffer, dekstrin, sverte, som blekemiddel for strå og som et utfellingsmiddel for de sjeldne jordartene. is di-t-butyl oxalate known to undergo an easy and efficient decomposition into i-butene and oxalic acid, and the latter product is used in industry as a mordant. in clothes printing, for the production of dyes, dextrin, blacks, as a bleaching agent for straw and as a precipitant for the rare earths.
Tidligere metoder for fremstilling av dialkyloksalater om-fattet oppvarming av vannfri oksalsyre med en alifatisk alkohol i nærvær av konsentrert svovelsyre. I tråd med tendensen mot anvendelsen av karbonmonoksyd, enten alene eller i kombinasjon med hydrogen, i syntesen av store partier organiske kjemikalier, beskriver deretter flere patenter fremstilling av dialkyloksalater ved omsetning av en alifatisk alkohol med karbonmonoksyd og oksygen i nærvær som katalysator av en blanding av et salt et salt av et platinagruppemetall og et salt av kobber eller jern. Slike-patenter innbefatter US patenter 3.391.136 og 3.994.960. Previous methods for preparing dialkyl oxalates involved heating anhydrous oxalic acid with an aliphatic alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. In line with the trend towards the use of carbon monoxide, either alone or in combination with hydrogen, in the synthesis of large batches of organic chemicals, several patents then describe the preparation of dialkyl oxalates by reacting an aliphatic alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence as catalyst of a mixture of a salt a salt of a platinum group metal and a salt of copper or iron. Such patents include US patents 3,391,136 and 3,994,960.
Vann blir nødvendigvis dannet når en alkohol omsettes med karbonmonoksyd og molekylært oksygen. Det er erkjent at dannelsen av vann er uønsket fordi det kan deaktivere katalysatoren, det kan nedsette utbyttet av dihydrokarbyl-oksalat, og det kan komplisere produktseparering. Av denne grunn har man truffet tiltak for å fjerne vannet idet det dannes ved tilsetning av et dehydratiseringsmiddel, f.eks. Water is necessarily formed when an alcohol reacts with carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen. It is recognized that the formation of water is undesirable because it can deactivate the catalyst, it can decrease the yield of dihydrocarbyl oxalate, and it can complicate product separation. For this reason, measures have been taken to remove the water as it is formed by adding a dehydrating agent, e.g.
en alkylortomaursyreester. an alkyl orthomauric acid ester.
Mer nylig har det vært beskrevet integrerte prosesser for More recently, integrated processes have been described for
fremstilling av etylenglykol via den intermediære dan- production of ethylene glycol via the intermediate dan-
nelse av dialkyloksalater. Typisk beskriver GB 2083032A en fremgangsmåte for kontinuerlig fremstilling av en etylenglykol ved (1) et første trinn med anbringelse av en gass inneholdende karbonmonoksyd og en ester av salpetersyrling i kontakt med en fast katalysator fra platinagruppemetall-serien i gassfasen for derved å oppnå et produkt inneholdende en diester av oksalsyre, (2) et annet trinn med kondensasjon av produktet fra det første trinnet for derved å separere en ikke-kondensert gass inneholdende nitrogenmonoksyd dannet ved den katalytiske reaksjon i det første trinnet, fra en kondensert væske inneholdende diesteren av oksalsyre, (3) et tredje trinn med anbringelse av den ikke-kondenserte gassen i det andre trinnet i kontakt med en gass inneholdende molekylært oksygen og en alkohol, og resirkulering av den resulterende gass inneholdende en ester av salpetersyrling til det første trinnet, (4) et fjerde trinn med anbringelse av den kondenserte væsken i det andre trinnet inneholdende diesteren av oksalsyre og hydrogen, i kontakt med en katalysator for hydrogenering i gassfasen for derved å oppnå et produkt inneholdende etylenglykol, (5) et femte trinn med destillasjon av produktet i det fjerde trinnet for derved■å utdestillere alkoholen og oppnå etylenglykol, og. (6) et sjette trinn med resirkulering av alkoholen i det femte trinnet som en alkoholkilde for det tredje trinnet. I denne prosessen virker nitrogenmonoksyd vesentlig som en bærer for oksygen. Mens nitrogenmonoksyd kan være effektiv som en oksygenbærer, kan det under visse forhold, f.eks. ved tilstedeværelsen av vann, bevirke korrosjon av anlegg og tilknyttet utstyr som det kommer i kontakt med. nelsis of dialkyl oxalates. Typically, GB 2083032A describes a process for the continuous production of an ethylene glycol by (1) a first step of placing a gas containing carbon monoxide and an ester of nitrous acid in contact with a solid catalyst from the platinum group metal series in the gas phase to thereby obtain a product containing a diester of oxalic acid, (2) a second step of condensing the product of the first step to thereby separate a non-condensed gas containing nitrogen monoxide formed by the catalytic reaction in the first step, from a condensed liquid containing the diester of oxalic acid, ( 3) a third stage of contacting the non-condensed gas of the second stage with a gas containing molecular oxygen and an alcohol, and recycling the resulting gas containing an ester of nitrous acid to the first stage, (4) a fourth step of placing the condensed liquid in the second step containing the diester of oxalic acid and hydrogen, in contact with a catalyst for hydrogenation in the gas phase to thereby obtain a product containing ethylene glycol, (5) a fifth step of distillation of the product in the fourth step to thereby distil the alcohol and obtain ethylene glycol, and. (6) a sixth step of recycling the alcohol of the fifth step as an alcohol source for the third step. In this process, nitrogen monoxide acts essentially as a carrier for oxygen. While nitric oxide can be effective as an oxygen carrier, under certain conditions, e.g. in the presence of water, cause corrosion of plant and associated equipment with which it comes into contact.
Kanadisk patent nr. 743.559 beskriver en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en tertiær ester av en karboksylsyre omfattende anbringelse i kontakt under omrøring av karbonmonoksyd og et.di-t-hydrokarbylperoksyd med formelen (RR'R")-C-O-O-C(RR<1>R") hvor R, R' og R" er hydrokarbylradikaler valgt fra gruppen bestående av alkyl, aryl, alkaryl og aralkyl med opptil 9 karbonatomer, hvor nevnte kontakt foretas ved en forhøyet temperatur og karbonmonoksydtrykk og i nærvær av inert organisk flytende oppløsningsmiddel. Bruken av overgangsmetallsalter som katalysatorer angis å være ønskelig for optimale esterutbytter. Spesifikke eksempler på overgangsmetallsalter angis å være halogenider, karboksylater og nitrater av kobber, kobolt, mangan, jern og vanadium. Canadian Patent No. 743,559 discloses a process for the preparation of a tertiary ester of a carboxylic acid comprising contacting with stirring carbon monoxide and et.di-t-hydrocarbyl peroxide of the formula (RR'R")-C-O-O-C(RR<1>R" ) where R, R' and R" are hydrocarbyl radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl having up to 9 carbon atoms, wherein said contact is carried out at an elevated temperature and carbon monoxide pressure and in the presence of an inert organic liquid solvent. The use of transition metal salts as catalysts are stated to be desirable for optimum ester yields.Specific examples of transition metal salts are stated to be halides, carboxylates and nitrates of copper, cobalt, manganese, iron and vanadium.
Man har nå funnet en vei til dialkyloksalater via om-setningen av et dialkylperoksyd med karbonmonoksyd, og således til etylenglykol, som unngår dannelsen av vann sammen med dets tilknyttede ulemper. Denne vei unngår også dannelsen og bruken av nitrogenmonoksyd og bruken av molekylært oksygen og derved minimaliseres risikoen for eksplosjon. A route has now been found to dialkyl oxalates via the reaction of a dialkyl peroxide with carbon monoxide, and thus to ethylene glycol, which avoids the formation of water together with its associated disadvantages. This way also avoids the formation and use of nitrogen monoxide and the use of molecular oxygen, thereby minimizing the risk of explosion.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det således tilveiebragt en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling avet dialkyloksalat, According to the present invention, a method for the production of dialkyl oxalate is thus provided,
og denne fremgangsmåten er kjennetegnet ved at man under vesentlig vannfrié betingelser omsetter et dialkyl- and this method is characterized by the fact that, under substantially anhydrous conditions, a dialkyl
peroksyd med karbonmonoksyd og en alkohol i nærvær av en katalysator som består av et platiriagruppemetall i elementær form eller forbindelsesform og en kobberforbindelse. M.h.t. dialkylperoksydet kan dialkylradikalet hensiktsmessig være en alkylgruppe med opptil 9 karbonatomer, og kan være like eller forskjellige. Et egnet og foretrukket peroksyd er di-tertiær butylperoksyd (DTBP). DTBP kan lett oppnås,.f.eks. ved omsetning av t-butanol med t-butyl-hydroperoksyd, som igjen lett kan oppnås ved oksydasjong av isobutan. En egnet fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av DTBP er beskrevet i US patent 2.862.973. peroxide with carbon monoxide and an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a platinum group metal in elemental or compound form and a copper compound. Regarding the dialkyl peroxide, the dialkyl radical can conveniently be an alkyl group with up to 9 carbon atoms, and can be the same or different. A suitable and preferred peroxide is di-tertiary butyl peroxide (DTBP). DTBP can be easily obtained,.e.g. by reaction of t-butanol with t-butyl hydroperoxide, which in turn can easily be obtained by oxidation of isobutane. A suitable method for producing DTBP is described in US patent 2,862,973.
Mens det benyttede karbonmonoksyd kan inneholde urenheter slik som nitrogen, er det foretrukket at det er vesentlig rent. Et vesentlig overskudd av gassformig karbonmonoksyd kan hensiktsmessig benyttes. Opprettholdelse av et overskudd kan på egnet måte oppnås ved å holde reaksjonssystemet under et karbonmonoksydtrykk, hensiktsmessig større enn 15 bar. Skjønt høyere trykk kan benyttes dersom dette er ønskelig, er et trykk under 100 bar foretrukket. While the carbon monoxide used may contain impurities such as nitrogen, it is preferred that it is substantially pure. A substantial excess of gaseous carbon monoxide can be suitably used. Maintenance of an excess can be suitably achieved by keeping the reaction system under a carbon monoxide pressure, suitably greater than 15 bar. Although higher pressures can be used if this is desired, a pressure below 100 bar is preferred.
Som katalysator anvendes en blanding av et.platinagruppe-metåll, dvs.-.palladium, platina, rhodium, ruthenium eller iridium i elementær form eller forbindelsesform, og en kobberforbindelse. Platinagruppemetallet er fortrinnsvis palladium. Egnede forbindelser av metallene innbefatter klorider, nitrater, sulfater, fosfater, alkoksyder, acetylacetonater og acetater. Kobberforbindelsen kan hensiktsmessig være et salt, fortrinnsvis et.halogenid, f.eks. kobber (I) klorid eller kobber (I) bromid. Typisk kan katalysatoren være en blanding av kobber (I) klorid og palladium (II) acetylacetonat. Mengden av katalysator og de relative andeler av palladiumgruppemetallet og kobber-forbindelsene kan variere over et moderat bredt område. A mixture of a platinum group metal, i.e. palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium or iridium in elemental form or compound form, and a copper compound is used as catalyst. The platinum group metal is preferably palladium. Suitable compounds of the metals include chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, alkoxides, acetylacetonates and acetates. The copper compound can conveniently be a salt, preferably a halide, e.g. copper (I) chloride or copper (I) bromide. Typically, the catalyst can be a mixture of copper (I) chloride and palladium (II) acetylacetonate. The amount of catalyst and the relative proportions of the palladium group metal and copper compounds can vary over a moderately wide range.
I tillegg til katalysatoren kan en promotor benyttes. Pro-motoren kan hensiktsmessig være en heterocyklisk, aromatisk nitrogenholdig forbindelse som passende kan være pyridin eller et derivat derav,- f.eks. 2,6-dimetylperidin. In addition to the catalyst, a promoter can be used. The promotor can suitably be a heterocyclic, aromatic nitrogen-containing compound which can suitably be pyridine or a derivative thereof, - e.g. 2,6-Dimethylpyridine.
Videre kan platinagruppemetallkomponenten i katalysatoren være båret på en inert bærer. Den inerte bærer kan hensiktsmessig være silisiumdioksyd, aluminiumoksyd, silisiumdioksyd/aluminiumoksyd, trekull, grafitt, osv. Furthermore, the platinum group metal component of the catalyst may be supported on an inert support. The inert support may conveniently be silica, alumina, silica/alumina, charcoal, graphite, etc.
I nærvær av en alkanol antas reaksjonen i sin enkleste form å være representert av følgende ligning: In the presence of an alkanol, the reaction in its simplest form is believed to be represented by the following equation:
O <0>O <0>
i i i l i 1 ill"" lill 11 i i i l i 1 ill"" lill 11
2R OH+OH+2CO+R -O-O-R R O-C-C-OR +R +OH+R OH (B) 2R OH+OH+2CO+R -O-O-R R O-C-C-OR +R +OH+R OH (B)
hvor R"*" og R"^ er alkylgrupper, og R1"1"''" er alkyldelen av en alkanol. Eksempler på egnede alkanoler innbefatter metanol, etanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol og t-butanol. ;M.h.t. reaksjonsbetingelsene så er det allerede vist til karbonmonoksyd-partialtrykk. Temperaturen kan hensiktsmessig være over omgivelsestemperatur. Den spesifikke temperatur som benyttes, vil avhenge, blant andre faktorer, av mengden av eventuelt benyttet katalysator og promotor. Generelt vil ;reaksjonshastigheten øke med økende katalysator-og promotorkonsentrasjon. Innen en eventuell bundethet som pålegges ved .regulering av reaksjonstemperaturen, fordi reaksjonen er sterkt eksotermisk, kan katalysatoren benyttes i en mengde' på opptil og utover den støkiometriske mengden, og det er ingen begrensning på mengden av promotor som kan anvendes. Det er vanligvis funnet hensiktsmessig å benytte en temperatur over 50°C, f.eks. i området 80-150°C. ;Reaksjoner av spesiell interesse innbefatter: ;(i) Væskefasereaksjonen av en alkanol omfattende metanol, etanol eller iso-propanol med DTBP og karbonmonoksyd for fremstilling av henholdsvis dimetyl-, dietyl- eller di-isopropyloksalat og t-butanol. Det kan også fremstilles det tilsvarende dialkylkarbonat, hvor forholdet for alkyloksalat til dialkylkarbonat i produktet er avhengig av slike faktorer som partialtrykket til karbonmonoksyd, forholdet for katalysatorkomponentene, promotorkonsentrasjonen og temperaturen. Dialkyloksalatet kan utvinnes fra produktet ved hjelp av konvensjonelle metoder, f.eks. ved avkjøling eller ved destillasjon. t-butanol kan utvinnes fra produktet for bruk som eller omdannelse til, f.eks. brennstoff-tilsetning, eller den- kan dehydratiseres for fremstilling av isobutylen, og det resulterende isobutylen hydrogeneres for dannelse av isobutan-tilførsel for omdannelse til DTBP. Dialkyloksalatet kan hensiktsmessig omdannes til etylenglykol ved hydrogenering. En egnet hydrogeneringsprosess er beskrevet i US patent 4.112.245. (ii) Væskefasereaksjonen for DTBP med karbonmonoksyd i nærvær av t-butanol for fremstilling av di-t-butyloksalat. Di-t-butyloksalatet kan utvinnes og dekompo-neres til i-buten som kan separeres, og omdannes til DTBP og resirkuleres som DTBP til prosessen, og oksalsyre som kan utvinnes. Det utvunnede di-t-butyloksalat kan alternativt omdannes ved hjelp av konvensjonelle metoder til nyttige produkter. t-butanol kan gjenvinnes og resirkuleres til prosessen. ;Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan utføres satsvis ;eller kontinuerlig, fortrinnsvis kontinuerlig. ;Oppfinnelsen skal nå illustreres under henvisning til følgende eksempler. ;Eksempel 1 ;En autoklav ble tilført metanol (32 ml), di-tertiær-butylperoksyd (14,5 ml), pyridin (1 ml), kuproklorid (0,10 g) ;og palladiumacetylacetonat (0,015 g) . Karbonmonoksydgass ble innført til et trykk på 65 bar ved 25°C. Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 120°C under omrøring i løpet av 25 min. ;En eksoterm reaksjon fant sted, idet blandingens temperatur nådde en maksimumverdi på 126°C etter ytterligere 9 min. ;mens det registrerte trykk minket. Reaksjonsblandingen returnerte til 120°C i løpet av. 8 min., og denne temperatur ble holdt i ytterligere 10.min. Etter avkjøling til rom-temperatur viste produktets "'"H n .m. r.-spektrum et molart forhold for tertiær butanol-.metanol :dimetylkarbonat:dimetyl. oksalat på 1:4,2:0,21:0,19, samt spor av butylacetat og aceton. • ;Eksempel 2 ;En autoklav ble tilført di-tertiær-butylperoksyd (20,4 g) tertiær butanol (10,5 g), pyridinkobbermetoksyklorid (0,29 g), palladium (II) acetylacetonat (0 , 042 g) . Karbonmonoksydgass ble innført til et trykk på 21 bar ved omgivelsestemperatur. Blandingen ble oppvarmet under omrøring til 80°C og holdt ved denne temperatur i. 19 timer. I løpet av denne tid ble ytterligere karbonmonoksyd innført etter behov for å opprettholde et trykk mellom 20 og 26 bar. Etter av-kjøling til omgivelsestemperatur ble diklormetan (33,0 g) tilsatt, og blandingen ble analysert ved gasskromatografi og "<*>"H n.m.r. I tillegg til tertiær-butanol inneholdt den di-tertiær-butyloksalat (23,8 g) og små mengder av andre forbindelser . inkludert resterende di-tertiær-butylperoksyd (0,7 g). where R"*" and R"^ are alkyl groups, and R1"1"''" is the alkyl portion of an alkanol. Examples of suitable alkanols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol and t-butanol. ; the reaction conditions, it has already been shown to carbon monoxide partial pressure. The temperature can suitably be above ambient temperature. The specific temperature used will depend, among other factors, on the amount of any catalyst and promoter used. In general, the reaction rate will increase with increasing catalyst and promoter concentration. Within any limitation imposed by regulating the reaction temperature, because the reaction is strongly exothermic, the catalyst can be used in an amount up to and beyond the stoichiometric amount, and there is no limitation on the amount of promoter that can be used. It is usually found appropriate to use a temperature above 50°C, e.g. in the range 80-150°C. ;Reactions of particular interest include: ;(i) The liquid phase reaction of an alkanol comprising methanol, ethanol or iso-propanol with DTBP and carbon monoxide to produce dimethyl-, diethyl- or di-isopropyl oxalate and t-butanol, respectively. The corresponding dialkyl carbonate can also be produced, where the ratio of alkyl oxalate to dialkyl carbonate in the product depends on such factors as the partial pressure of carbon monoxide, the ratio of the catalyst components, the promoter concentration and the temperature. The dialkyl oxalate can be recovered from the product using conventional methods, e.g. by cooling or by distillation. t-butanol can be recovered from the product for use as or conversion to, e.g. fuel addition, or it can be dehydrated to produce isobutylene, and the resulting isobutylene hydrogenated to form isobutane feed for conversion to DTBP. The dialkyl oxalate can conveniently be converted to ethylene glycol by hydrogenation. A suitable hydrogenation process is described in US patent 4,112,245. (ii) The liquid phase reaction of DTBP with carbon monoxide in the presence of t-butanol to produce di-t-butyl oxalate. The di-t-butyl oxalate can be recovered and decomposed into i-butene which can be separated, and converted into DTBP and recycled as DTBP to the process, and oxalic acid which can be recovered. The recovered di-t-butyl oxalate can alternatively be converted using conventional methods into useful products. t-butanol can be recovered and recycled to the process. The method according to the invention can be carried out in batches or continuously, preferably continuously. The invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following examples. Example 1 An autoclave was charged with methanol (32 ml), di-tertiary butyl peroxide (14.5 ml), pyridine (1 ml), cupric chloride (0.10 g) and palladium acetylacetonate (0.015 g). Carbon monoxide gas was introduced to a pressure of 65 bar at 25°C. The mixture was heated to 120°C with stirring for 25 min. An exothermic reaction took place, the temperature of the mixture reaching a maximum value of 126°C after a further 9 min. ;while the registered pressure decreased. The reaction mixture returned to 120°C during 8 min., and this temperature was maintained for a further 10 min. After cooling to room temperature, the product's "'"H n .m. r.-spectrum a molar ratio for tertiary butanol-.methanol :dimethylcarbonate:dimethyl. oxalate of 1:4.2:0.21:0.19, as well as traces of butyl acetate and acetone. Example 2 An autoclave was charged with di-tertiary-butyl peroxide (20.4 g), tertiary butanol (10.5 g), pyridine copper methoxychloride (0.29 g), palladium (II) acetylacetonate (0.042 g). Carbon monoxide gas was introduced to a pressure of 21 bar at ambient temperature. The mixture was heated with stirring to 80°C and held at this temperature for 19 hours. During this time, additional carbon monoxide was introduced as needed to maintain a pressure between 20 and 26 bar. After cooling to ambient temperature, dichloromethane (33.0 g) was added and the mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography and "<*>"H n.m.r. In addition to tertiary butanol, it contained di-tertiary-butyl oxalate (23.8 g) and small amounts of other compounds. including residual di-tertiary-butyl peroxide (0.7 g).
Eksempel 3 Example 3
En autoklav ble tilført di-tertiær-butylperoksyd (17,5 g), etanol (16,8 g), kuproklorid (0,24 g), pyridin (0,57 g) og palladium (II) acetylacetonat (0,036 g).. Karbonmonoksyd- An autoclave was charged with di-tertiary butyl peroxide (17.5 g), ethanol (16.8 g), cuprous chloride (0.24 g), pyridine (0.57 g) and palladium (II) acetylacetonate (0.036 g). .Carbon Monoxide-
gass ble innført til et trykk på 33 bar ved omgivelsestemperatur. Blandingen ble oppvarmet under omrøring til 100°C og holdt ved denne temperatur i 8 timer. I løpet av denne tid ble ytterligere karbonmonoksydgass tilført etter behov for å opprettholde et trykk mellom 75 og 100 bar. gas was introduced to a pressure of 33 bar at ambient temperature. The mixture was heated with stirring to 100°C and held at this temperature for 8 hours. During this time, additional carbon monoxide gas was added as needed to maintain a pressure between 75 and 100 bar.
Etter avkjøling til omgivelsestemperatur ble blandingen analysert ved gasskromatografi. Hovedkomponentene var tertiær-butanol, dietyloksalat (12,8 g), etanol og dietylkarbonat (2,0 g) . After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography. The main components were tertiary butanol, diethyl oxalate (12.8 g), ethanol and diethyl carbonate (2.0 g).
En autoklav ble tilført di-tertiær-butylperoksyd (20,4 g), metanol (13,4 g) , pyridinkobbermetoksyklorid (0,59 g) , palladium (II) acetylacetonat (0,041 g). Karbonmonoksydgass ble innført til et trykk på 3 2 bar ved omgivelsestemperatur. Blandingen ble oppvarmet under omrøring til 95°C og holdt An autoclave was charged with di-tertiary-butyl peroxide (20.4 g), methanol (13.4 g), pyridine copper methoxychloride (0.59 g), palladium (II) acetylacetonate (0.041 g). Carbon monoxide gas was introduced to a pressure of 32 bar at ambient temperature. The mixture was heated with stirring to 95°C and held
ved denne temperaturen i 5 timer. I løpet av denne tid ble ytterligere karbonmonoksydgass innført etter behov for å opprettholde et trykk mellom 4 2 og 51 bar. Etter av-kjøling til omgivelsestemperatur ble metanol (26,8 g) tilsatt, og blandingen analysert ved gasskromatografi og H n.m.r. Hovedkomponentene var metanol, tertiær-butanol, dimetyl-oksalat (10,7 g) og dimetylkarbonat (2,0 g). at this temperature for 5 hours. During this time, additional carbon monoxide gas was introduced as needed to maintain a pressure between 4 2 and 51 bar. After cooling to ambient temperature, methanol (26.8 g) was added and the mixture analyzed by gas chromatography and H n.m.r. The main components were methanol, tertiary butanol, dimethyl oxalate (10.7 g) and dimethyl carbonate (2.0 g).
Claims (8)
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PCT/GB1983/000334 WO1984002340A1 (en) | 1982-12-15 | 1983-12-15 | Process for the production of dihydrocarbyl oxalates |
NO84843013A NO157415C (en) | 1982-12-15 | 1984-07-25 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ALKYL OXALATE. . |
NO86864753A NO158501C (en) | 1982-12-15 | 1986-11-26 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DIALKYL OXALATE. |
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