NO155414B - DEVICE FOR MECHANICAL STAMPING OF COLD OR HOT MASS IN A MELTING DEVICE, e.g. Melting furnace, DIGEL E.L., AND USE OF SUCH DEVICE. - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR MECHANICAL STAMPING OF COLD OR HOT MASS IN A MELTING DEVICE, e.g. Melting furnace, DIGEL E.L., AND USE OF SUCH DEVICE. Download PDFInfo
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- NO155414B NO155414B NO843753A NO843753A NO155414B NO 155414 B NO155414 B NO 155414B NO 843753 A NO843753 A NO 843753A NO 843753 A NO843753 A NO 843753A NO 155414 B NO155414 B NO 155414B
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- Prior art keywords
- betaine
- water
- melting
- salt
- acid
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 carboxylate anion Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HOKIDJSKDBPKTQ-GLXFQSAKSA-M cephalosporin C(1-) Chemical compound S1CC(COC(=O)C)=C(C([O-])=O)N2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCC[C@@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O)[C@@H]12 HOKIDJSKDBPKTQ-GLXFQSAKSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTEQBPLNPCQJRN-UHUGOGIASA-N 1-[[(6r)-8-oxo-7-[(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]pyridin-1-ium-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=[N+]1CC1=CN2C(=O)C(NC(=O)CC=3SC=CC=3)[C@H]2SC1 NTEQBPLNPCQJRN-UHUGOGIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOKIDJSKDBPKTQ-GLXFQSAKSA-N Cephalosporin C Natural products S1CC(COC(=O)C)=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O)[C@@H]12 HOKIDJSKDBPKTQ-GLXFQSAKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFTIKWYXFSNCQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dipropylformamide Chemical compound CCCN(C=O)CCC XFTIKWYXFSNCQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004279 X-ray Guinier Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012045 crude solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NZMAJUHVSZBJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylformamide Chemical compound CCCCN(C=O)CCCC NZMAJUHVSZBJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNODIVYXTGTUPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpentanamide Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)N(C)C BNODIVYXTGTUPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBHINSULENHCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CCC(=O)N(C)C MBHINSULENHCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
Den antibiotiske forbindelse cephalosporin C har i den senere The antibiotic compound cephalosporin C has in the later
tid kommet i forgrunnen. En rekke analoger av cephalosporin C time come to the fore. A number of analogues of cephalosporin C
er fremstilt, og foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrorer rensing av en slik analog med den i kravets ingress angitte generelle formel. Som det vil fremgå av formelen foreligger forbindel- has been produced, and the present invention relates to the purification of such an analogue with the general formula stated in the preamble of the claim. As will be seen from the formula, there is a connection
sen i form av et betain. later in the form of a betaine.
Betainet reagerer med per klor-, tétr afLuorbor- ,hydro jod- , salpeter-eller trikloreddiksyré til å gi kvartære ammoniumsalter i hvilke karboksylatanionet i 4-stilling er protonert og den positive ladning på det kvartære nitrogenatom er tilfredsstilt ved hjelp av anionet i en sterk syre. Slike salter kan fremstil- The betaine reacts with perchloric, tetrafluoroboric, hydroiodic, nitric or trichloroacetic acid to give quaternary ammonium salts in which the carboxylate anion in the 4-position is protonated and the positive charge on the quaternary nitrogen atom is satisfied by the anion in a strong acid. Such salts can be prepared
les i krystallinsk stabil form som i alminnelighet har mindre tendens-enn moderbetainene til å spaltes ved lagring, slik som beskrevet i norsk patentsoknad nr. 2319/68. read in a crystalline stable form which generally has less tendency than the parent betaines to split during storage, as described in Norwegian patent application no. 2319/68.
Denne fremgangsmåte kan med fordel brukes til å rense urene opplosninger eller suspensjoner av betainet. Betainet kan således utvinnes fra en rå opplosning eller suspensjon av dette i form av et salt som definert foran, fra hvilket salt betai- This method can be advantageously used to purify impure solutions or suspensions of the betaine. The betaine can thus be extracted from a crude solution or suspension thereof in the form of a salt as defined above, from which salt betaine
net kan regenereres ved omsetning med en base, og oppfinnelsen er særpreget ved oet som er angitt i krav l's karakteriserende del. net can be regenerated by reaction with a base, and the invention is characterized by what is stated in claim 1's characterizing part.
Ved rensing av betainet på denne måte unngåes vanskeligheter By purifying the betaine in this way, difficulties are avoided
ved håndtering av forbindelser som er amfotære og opploselige i vann, og som ellers krever å bli renset og isolert ved tids-krevende metoder, så som ionebyttekromatografi og ved inndampning av vandige opplosninger ved lave temperaturer. Det rensede betain kan deretter omdannes til et annet salt etter- when handling compounds which are amphoteric and soluble in water, and which otherwise require to be purified and isolated by time-consuming methods, such as ion-exchange chromatography and by evaporation of aqueous solutions at low temperatures. The purified betaine can then be converted into another salt after
som man onsker. as you wish.
Saltene kan fremstilles fra en vandig oppiosning eller suspensjon av det urene betain ved omsetning med den onskede syre. Dannelse av salter kan demonstreres ved elektroforese: for The salts can be prepared from an aqueous solution or suspension of the impure betaine by reaction with the desired acid. Formation of salts can be demonstrated by electrophoresis: for
de er protonert oppforer betainene seg som uladede molekyler slik at de vandrer lite i noytrale buffere, mens i syrebuffe-re, f .eks. en vandig blanding av edd-iksyre og maur syre ved pH they are protonated, the betaines behave as uncharged molecules so that they migrate little in neutral buffers, while in acid buffers, e.g. an aqueous mixture of acetic acid and formic acid at pH
2, er betainene protonert og beveger seg som positivt ladede ioner til katoden. Stabiliteten av slike salter er avhengig av deres dissosiasjon (d.v.s. det motsatte av den saltdannende reaksjon) ved fortynning med vann eller ved inndampning, og av deres opploselighet. 2, the betaines are protonated and move as positively charged ions to the cathode. The stability of such salts depends on their dissociation (i.e., the opposite of the salt-forming reaction) on dilution with water or on evaporation, and on their solubility.
Ved utovelse av foreliggende oppfinnelse omsettes betainet med perklor-, tetrafluorbor-, hydrojod-, salpeter- eller trikloreddiksyre, da disse syrer gir. uopploselige salter som krystal-liserer godt. Særlig foretrekkes-salpetersyren, fordi det dan-nede hydronitrat utviser en ideell grad av uopploselighet, idet det er til-strekkelig uopploselig til at det lett kan gjenvinnes, men det er ikke så uopploselig. at det forårsaker'Utfelling av uonskede forurensninger. Tilstedeværelse av nitrationer til-veiebringer den riktige grad av opploselighet og gjor det danne-de salt mere uopploselig enn det ellers ville være. Hydronitratet har utmerkede krystal-liseringsegenskaper og er lett fil-trerbart og vaskbart. En ytterligere fordel er at salpetersyre er et rimelig reagens, samtidig som det gjor det mulig å erholde betainet i en farmasøytisk renhetsgrad. In the development of the present invention, the betaine is reacted with perchloric, tetrafluoroboric, hydroiodic, nitric or trichloroacetic acid, as these acids give. insoluble salts that crystallize well. Nitric acid is particularly preferred, because the hydronitrate formed exhibits an ideal degree of insolubility, being sufficiently insoluble that it can be easily recovered, but not so insoluble. that it causes' Precipitation of unwanted pollutants. The presence of nitrate ions provides the correct degree of solubility and makes the formed salt more insoluble than it would otherwise be. The hydronitrate has excellent crystallization properties and is easily filterable and washable. A further advantage is that nitric acid is an inexpensive reagent, while at the same time making it possible to obtain the betaine in a pharmaceutical degree of purity.
Det er funnet hensiktsmessig å tilsette syren It has been found appropriate to add the acid
i en konsentrasjon på 0,8 N eller hoyere til en oppiosning av betainet, men det skal forståes at konsentrasjonen av syren som sådan er av forholdsvis liten viktighet så lenge det 6n-skede salt dannes. in a concentration of 0.8 N or higher to an opiosation of the betaine, but it should be understood that the concentration of the acid as such is of relatively little importance as long as the 6n-shell salt is formed.
Betainet regenereres ved at det erholdte salt i et vandig medium omsettes med en organisk base med en pKb på under 6. The betaine is regenerated by reacting the obtained salt in an aqueous medium with an organic base with a pKb of less than 6.
En slik base kan fordelaktig være en med vann ikke blandbar, flytende ionebytter, f.eks. "Amberlite L.A.l" eller "Amberlite L.A.2", idet betainet regenereres i den vandige fase og de gjenværende ioner av saltet kombineres med ionebytte-ren. Betainet kan også regenereres ved omsetning av saltet i vandig medium med en organisk base, så som f.eks. et tri(lavere-alkyl)-amin, og gjenvinning av betainet, f.eks. ved frysetorkning eller direkte krystallisasjon. Such a base can advantageously be a water-immiscible, liquid ion exchanger, e.g. "Amberlite L.A.l" or "Amberlite L.A.2", as the betaine is regenerated in the aqueous phase and the remaining ions of the salt are combined with the ion exchange. The betaine can also be regenerated by reacting the salt in an aqueous medium with an organic base, such as e.g. a tri(lower alkyl)amine, and recovery of the betaine, e.g. by freeze-drying or direct crystallization.
Når N-(7-2'-tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4- karboksylatet regenereres i et vandig medium fra et salt When the N-(7-2'-thienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate is regenerated in an aqueous medium from a salt
og deretter gjenvinnes ved direkte krystallisasjon, er den resulterende krystallinske form et ikke-hygroskopisk hydrat. Ved påfolgende torknirig mister imidlertid materialet sitt krystallvann og blir hygroskopisk selv om det er forholdsvis stabilt overfor varme. and then recovered by direct crystallization, the resulting crystalline form is a non-hygroscopic hydrate. However, with subsequent drying, the material loses its crystal water and becomes hygroscopic, even though it is relatively stable to heat.
Den kjensgjerning at de i kravet angitte syreaddisjonssaltene The fact that the acid addition salts stated in the claim
i alminnelighet har andre' opploselighetsegenskaper i organiske medier enn beta-iner, har fort til en forbedret fremgangsmåte for gjenvinning av nevnte betain fra syreaddisjonssalter. Det er således funnet at saltet kan opploses i det organiske opplosningsmiddel, saltet omdannes til betain in situ, og betainet gjenvinnes fra reaksjonsblandingen. Selv om utbyttet av betainet ikke nodvendigvis er hoyere enn ved andre metoder, er fargen og således også renheten av betainet i alminnelighet bedre hvis det er fremstilt ved foreliggende fremgangsmåte. Videre er fremgangsmåten forholdsvis enkel og billig. generally have other' solubility properties in organic media than betaines, leads to an improved method for recovering said betaine from acid addition salts. It has thus been found that the salt can be dissolved in the organic solvent, the salt is converted to betaine in situ, and the betaine is recovered from the reaction mixture. Although the yield of the betaine is not necessarily higher than with other methods, the color and thus also the purity of the betaine is generally better if it is produced by the present method. Furthermore, the method is relatively simple and cheap.
Fremgangsmåten kan utfores ved en temperatur i området The method can be carried out at a temperature in the range
5- 60°C. 5- 60°C.
Etter at reaksjonen mellom basen og syreaddisjonssaltet har funnet sted kan gjenvinning av betainet lettes ved tilsetning av et anti-opplosningsmiddel, f.eks. i alt vesentlig vannfrie alkanoler, så som metanol eller etanol, etere, ketoner, så After the reaction between the base and the acid addition salt has taken place, recovery of the betaine can be facilitated by the addition of an anti-solvent, e.g. substantially anhydrous alkanols, such as methanol or ethanol, ethers, ketones, etc
som aceton, og estere, så som etylacetat, og deretter oppsam-les det resulterende bunnfall. Alternativt kan betainet gjenvinnes ved direkte krystallisasjon fra reaksjonsblandingen. such as acetone, and esters such as ethyl acetate, and then the resulting precipitate is collected. Alternatively, the betaine can be recovered by direct crystallization from the reaction mixture.
Det organiske opplosningsmiddel som anvendes ved denne fremgangsmåte i henhold til oppfinnelsen er substituerte amider The organic solvent used in this method according to the invention is substituted amides
1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1
av den generelle formel R -CO-NR , hvor R er et hydrogenatom eller en alkylgruppe inneholdende 1 til 5 karbonatomer, of the general formula R -CO-NR, where R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
2 3 2 3
og R og R , som kan være like eller forskjellige, er hver en alkylgruppe inneholdende 1 til 5 karbonatomer. Eksempler, på amider av denne type er N,N-dietylformamid, N,N-dipropyl-formamid, N,N-dibutyl f ormamid, N,N-dimetylaeetamid, N,N-d-i-etylacetamid, N,N-dimetylvaleramid, N,N-dimetylpropionamid. and R and R , which may be the same or different, are each an alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Examples of amides of this type are N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-dipropyl-formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-d-i-ethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylvaleramide, N, N-Dimethylpropionamide.
Av denne gruppe forbindelser foretrekkes å anvende N,N-dimetylacetamid eller N,-N-dimetyl-formamid. Disse to opplosningsmidler karakteriseres ved at de har god opploselighetsevne for syreaddisjonssaltene og lav opploselighetsevne for betainene. Når således en opplosningsmiddelopploselig sterk organisk base tilsettes til en slik oppiosning av syreaddisjonssaltet, kan betainet krystalliseres direkte fra opplos-ningen eller ved tilsetning av- et anti-opplosningsmiddel så som metanol. Of this group of compounds, it is preferred to use N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,-N-dimethylformamide. These two solvents are characterized by their good solubility for the acid addition salts and low solubility for the betaines. Thus, when a solvent-soluble strong organic base is added to such a solution of the acid addition salt, the betaine can be crystallized directly from the solution or by adding an anti-solvent such as methanol.
De N,N-disubstituerte amidopplosningsmidler foretrekkes særlig som opplosningsmidler ved reaksj.onen i henhold til oppfinnelsen fordi de gir betainet i krystallisk form som er ikke-hygroskopisk og derfor byr på viktige fordeler med hensyn til håndtering og videre behandling sammenlignet med de hygroskopiske former som hittil har vært fremstilt. The N,N-disubstituted amide solvents are particularly preferred as solvents in the reaction according to the invention because they provide the betaine in a crystalline form which is non-hygroscopic and therefore offers important advantages with regard to handling and further processing compared to the hygroscopic forms which has so far been produced.
De ikke-hygroskopiske former av de aktuelle betainer kan karakteriseres ved sine rontgenkrystallografiske konstanter eller ved andre detaljer angitt i det folgende. Små forskjel-ler mellom former krystallisert fra f.eks. N,N-dimetylformamid (DMF) og N,N-dimetylacetamid (DMA) er iakttatt. The non-hygroscopic forms of the betaines in question can be characterized by their X-ray crystallographic constants or by other details indicated below. Small differences between forms crystallized from e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) have been observed.
I det særlige tilfelle med N-(7-2<1->tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridiniiim-4-karboksylat har forskjellige former vært isolert fra DMA og DMF, og disse vil her av hensiktsmes-sighetsgrunner betegnes som henholdsvis a- og (3-former. De rontgenkrystallografiske data for disse to former er gitt i de folgende tabeller som viser verdien av 20° (det dobbelte av Braggs vinkel) og de tilsvarende avstander mellom planene i Ångstrom målt fra filmen tatt på et Guinier pulverkamera under anvendelse av kobber Kcc-stråling. De relative intensi-teter av linjene er også gitt i henhold til den folgende vilkårlige skala: In the particular case of N-(7-2<1->thienylacetamidocep-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridineim-4-carboxylate, various forms have been isolated from DMA and DMF, and these will be designated here for reasons of expediency as respectively a- and (3-forms. The X-ray crystallographic data for these two forms are given in the following tables which show the value of 20° (twice the Bragg angle) and the corresponding distances between the planes in Ångstroms measured from the film taken on a Guinier powder camera using copper Kcc radiation The relative intensities of the lines are also given according to the following arbitrary scale:
k = kraftig k = strong
m = middels m = medium
s = svak s = weak
u = ubetydelig u = negligible
e = ekstra e = extra
b = bred b = wide
Det er også forskjell mellom de infrarode spektra ay de oven-nevnte a- og p-former, og henholdsvis figur 1 og figur 2 viser de infrarode spektra av Nujolopplosninger av disse to former. Som en sammenligning viser fig. 3 og 4 de infrarode spektra av henholdsvis y-formen, som er krystallisert fra metanol, og 6-formen som er isolert fra vann ved frysetorkning. Det skal legges merke til at spektrene av y- og 6-formene er av materiale som er torket til i alt vesentlig opplosningsmiddelfri til-stand. Den folgende tabell viser hovedabsorbsjonsbåndene i både } i og cm- for a- og (3-formene sammenlignet med y-formen (krystallisert fra metanol) og 5-formen (isolert fra vann). Inten-sitetene er også angitt under anvendelse av den samme vilkårlige skala som angitt ovenfor for rbntcjenmålingene. y- og 5-formene som er isolert fra henholdsvis metanol og vann, er hygroskopiske. Det skal legges merke til at hvis en alkohol, så som metanol, anvendes som anti-opplosningsmiddel for å oke krystallisasjon av betainet fra det substituerte amidopplos-ningsmiddel, er produktet hygroskopisk. Det foretrekkes å frem-stille de ikke-hygroskopiske krystaller ved å frembringe delvis krystallisasjon av betainet fra det substituerte amidopplosnings-middel og deretter frembringe ytterligere krystallisasjon ved tilsetning av en viss mengde av et lavere keton, f.eks. aceton, for oppsamling av de onskede ikke-hygroskopiske krystaller. Den mengde keton som anvendes og den hastighet med hvilken ketonet tilsettes, må reguleres omhyggelig hvis man skal få ikke-hygroskopiske Icrystaller av betainet. Den optimale mengde kan .finnes ved provning på forhånd. Det er iakttatt at når aceton anvendes med dimetylacetamid, erholdes betainet av og til som en blanding av ikke-hygroskopiske former. Dette har imidlertid ingen vesentlig innvirkning på håndterings- og formuleringsegenska-pene for produktet. There is also a difference between the infrared spectra and the above-mentioned a- and p-forms, and Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively show the infrared spectra of Nujol solutions of these two forms. As a comparison, fig. 3 and 4 the infrared spectra of the y-form, which is crystallized from methanol, and the 6-form, which is isolated from water by freeze-drying, respectively. It should be noted that the spectra of the y- and 6-forms are of material that has been dried to a substantially solvent-free state. The following table shows the main absorption bands in both } i and cm- for the a- and (3-forms compared to the y-form (crystallized from methanol) and the 5-form (isolated from water). The intensities are also indicated using the same arbitrary scale as given above for the rbntcjen measurements. The y and 5 forms isolated from methanol and water, respectively, are hygroscopic. It should be noted that if an alcohol, such as methanol, is used as an anti-solvent to increase crystallization of the betaine from the substituted amide solvent, the product is hygroscopic. It is preferred to prepare the non-hygroscopic crystals by producing partial crystallization of the betaine from the substituted amide solvent and then producing further crystallization by adding a certain amount of a lower ketone, eg acetone, to collect the desired non-hygroscopic crystals The amount of ketone used and the rate at which the ketone is added, must be carefully regulated if non-hygroscopic Icrystals of the betaine are to be obtained. The optimum amount can be found by testing in advance. It has been observed that when acetone is used with dimethylacetamide, the betaine is occasionally obtained as a mixture of non-hygroscopic forms. However, this has no significant impact on the handling and formulation properties of the product.
De anvendte organiske baser er fortrinnsvis flytende tertiære aminer, f.eks. tri-(lavere-alkyl)-aminer, eller flytende sekun-dære aminer, f.eks. de produkter som selges under varemerkene "Amberlite LA2" og Amberlite LAI". The organic bases used are preferably liquid tertiary amines, e.g. tri-(lower-alkyl)-amines, or liquid secondary amines, e.g. the products sold under the trademarks "Amberlite LA2" and Amberlite LAI".
Organiske baser kan anvendes som sådanne eller som en oppiosning i et inert organisk opplosningsmiddel. Organic bases can be used as such or as a solution in an inert organic solvent.
De folgende eksempler viser fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnel- The following examples show the method according to the invention
sen ved anvendelse av hydronitratet. Ved anvendelse av perklor-, tetrafluorbor-, hydrojod- og trikloreddiksyre ved saltdannelsen får man imidlertid et lignende resultat. Porste trinn av fremgangsmåten, saltdannelsen, foretas som beskrevet i norsk patentsøknad nr. 2319/68. late when using the hydronitrate. When perchloric, tetrafluoroboric, hydroiodic and trichloroacetic acid is used in the salt formation, however, a similar result is obtained. The second step of the process, salt formation, is carried out as described in Norwegian patent application no. 2319/68.
EKSEMPEL 1 EXAMPLE 1
N- (7-2 '-tienylacetamido-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylat-hydronitrat (100 g) ble suspendert i destillert vann (650 ml) N-(7-2'-thienylacetamido-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate hydronitrate (100 g) was suspended in distilled water (650 ml)
og ristet med en oppiosning av "Amberlite" flytende anionebyt-ter nr. 2 ("LA 2", lOO ml) i bensin (k.p. 40-60°C, 500 ml) inn-til, alt det faste stoff var opplost. Det vandige lag ble adskilt og vasket med "LA 2" (20 ml) i bensin (200 ml), "LA 2" (20 ml) and shaken with an addition of "Amberlite" liquid anion exchanger No. 2 ("LA 2", 100 ml) in gasoline (b.p. 40-60°C, 500 ml) until all the solid was dissolved. The aqueous layer was separated and washed with "LA 2" (20 ml) in gasoline (200 ml), "LA 2" (20 ml)
i bensin (400 ml) og to ganger med bensin (250 ml hver). De organiske lag ble tilbakevasket suksessivt med vann (150 ml). in gasoline (400 ml) and twice with gasoline (250 ml each). The organic layers were backwashed successively with water (150 ml).
Det vandige lag og tilbakevask ble omrort under redusert trykk for å fjerne opplosningsmiddel, filtrert og- avkjolt til 0°C i 16 timer. N-(7-2<1->tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylatet ble oppsamlet ved filtrering, vasket med iskaldt vann (_60 ml) , fulgt av aceton (300 ml> og torket i vakuum ved romtemperatur i 64 timer. Utbyttet var 5Ch, 0 g, 57,8% av det teoretiske, [a]D + 48,4 C (c, 1 i vann)., pH 5 ,.0 (c, 1 i vann) r The aqueous layer and backwash were stirred under reduced pressure to remove solvent, filtered and cooled to 0°C for 16 hours. The N-(7-2<1->thienylacetamidocep-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate was collected by filtration, washed with ice-cold water (_60 ml), followed by acetone (300 ml) and dried in vacuum at room temperature for 64 h. The yield was 5Ch, 0 g, 57.8% of theory, [a]D + 48.4 C (c, 1 in water)., pH 5 ..0 (c, 1 in water) r
* miks. 240 mP> El<%>cm 394' * b5vn' 255 m>1' El<%>cm 361' forhold * mix. 240 mP> El<%>cm 394' * b5vn' 255 m>1' El<%>cm 361' ratio
E ved 240 _ E at 240 _
E ved 255 ~ x'uy- E at 255 ~ x'uy-
EKSEMPEL 2 EXAMPLE 2
Trietylamin (20,4 rt, G,202 mol) ble tilsatt til en omrort oppiosning av N-(7 — 2'-tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridi-nium-4-karboksylat-hydronitrat (78 g, 0,163 mol) i N,N-dimetylacetamid (195 ml). To minutter etter tilsetning, av trietylami-net ble metanol (780 ml) tilsatt til reaksjonsblandingen, og-omroringen ble fortsatt i ytterligere 90 minutter. Bunnfallet ble samlet opp ved filtrering, vasket med metanol (350 ml), dietyleter (350 ml) ved fortrengning og torket i vakuum ved 40°C til konstant vekt for å gi N-(7—2<1->tienyl-acetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylat (6a, 7 g, 89,7 % av det teoretiske) med [ccJ^q + 47,7° (c, 1 i vann), pH 4,8 (c, 1 i vann), H2° ved 240 mil, E j% 377, boyning ved 255 mu E*% 344, m.3.jes • ^ t ^ a q ^- cm s. crn forhold e ved 255 -*-'09^' °9 det ^a ^are opplosninger i vann i konsentrasjoner fra 1 til 20 %. Triethylamine (20.4 rt, G, 202 mol) was added to a stirred solution of N-(7-2'-thienylacetamidocep-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate hydronitrate (78 g , 0.163 mol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (195 mL). Two minutes after the addition of the triethylamine, methanol (780 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and stirring was continued for an additional 90 minutes. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol (350 mL), diethyl ether (350 mL) by displacement and dried in vacuo at 40°C to constant weight to give N-(7-2<1->thienyl-acetamidoceph- 3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate (6a, 7 g, 89.7% of theory) with [ccJ^q + 47.7° (c, 1 in water), pH 4.8 (c, 1 in water), H2° at 240 mil, E j% 377, boyning at 255 mu E*% 344, m.3.jes • ^ t ^ a q ^- cm s. crn ratio e at 255 -* -'09^' °9 it ^a ^are solutions in water in concentrations from 1 to 20%.
EKSEMPEL 3 EXAMPLE 3
En oppiosning av trietylamin (0,63 g, 6,25 millimol) i metanol (24 ml) ble tilsatt til en oppiosning av N-(7-2'-tienylacet- A slurry of triethylamine (0.63 g, 6.25 mmol) in methanol (24 mL) was added to a slurry of N-(7-2'-thienylacet-
amidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylat-hydronitrat (-2,4 g, 4,98 millimol) i N,N-dimetylformamid (6 ml), og reaksjonsblandingen fikk stå ved romtemperatur i 1 time med leilig-hetsvis omroring. Det krystallinske bunnfall ble oppsamlet ved filtrering, vasket med metanol (10 ml), dietyleter (10 ml) ved fortrengning og torket i vakuum ved 40°C til konstant vekt for å gi N-(7-2<1->tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl-pyridinium-4-karboksylat (1,818 g, 87,5 % av det teoretiske) med [a]20 + amidoceph-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate hydronitrate (-2.4 g, 4.98 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (6 mL), and the reaction mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour with occasional agitation. The crystalline precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol (10 mL), diethyl ether (10 mL) by displacement and dried in vacuo at 40°C to constant weight to give N-(7-2<1->thienylacetamidoceph-3 -em-3-ylmethyl-pyridinium-4-carboxylate (1.818 g, 87.5% of theory) with [a]20 +
48,4° (c, l"i vann), pa 4,8 (c, 1 ± vann), A ved 240 mp laÅ 1% *e ved 240~ El cm 372' ved 255 mFEicm 341 > forhold e ved 255 1,09-; og det ga klare opplosninger i vann i konsentrasjoner fra 1 til 20 %. 48.4° (c, l"in water), pa 4.8 (c, 1 ± water), A at 240 mp laÅ 1% *e at 240~ El cm 372' at 255 mFEicm 341 > ratio e at 255 1.09-; and it gave clear solutions in water in concentrations from 1 to 20%.
EKSEMPEL 4 EXAMPLE 4
Trietylamin (2,1 ml; 1,5 2 g; 15 millimol) ble tilsatt til en omrort oppiosning av N- (.7-2 '-tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylat-hydronltrat (4,8 g; 9,96 millimol). i N,N-dimetylacetamid (48 ml) og tilsatt et krystallkim av N-(7-2<1->tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylat. Reaksjonsopplosningen ble omrort ved romtemperatur i to timer, i lopet av hvilken tid-produktet krystalliserte ut. Bunnfallet ble oppsamlet ved filtrering og vasket med N,N-dimetylacetamid (6 ml) og deretter med aceton (20 ml) ved fortrengning og torket i vakuum ved 40°C i 2 timer og deretter i 16 timer ved 30°C for å gi N-(7-2'-tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylat (3,16 g, 75,6 % av det teoretiske) Triethylamine (2.1 mL; 1.52 g; 15 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of N-(.7-2'-thienylacetamidocep-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate hydronltrate (4.8 g; 9.96 millimoles). in N,N-dimethylacetamide (48 ml) and added a crystal seed of N-(7-2<1->thienylacetamidocep-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate. The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for two hours, during which time the product crystallized out. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with N,N-dimethylacetamide (6 mL) and then with acetone (20 mL) by displacement and dried in vacuo at 40°C for 2 h and then for 16 h at 30°C to give N-(7-2'-thienylacetamidocep-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate (3.16 g, 75.6% of theory)
med [oc]^° + 47,4°, pH 4,5 (c, 1 i vann), og det ga klare opplosninger i konsentrasjoner på 1 til 20 % i vann. with [oc]^° + 47.4°, pH 4.5 (c, 1 in water), and it gave clear solutions in concentrations of 1 to 20% in water.
EKSEMPEL 5 EXAMPLE 5
N-(7-2<1->tienylacetamidoceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylat-hydronitrat (9,6 g) ble opplost i N,N'-dimetyl- N-(7-2<1->thienylacetamidocep-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate hydronitrate (9.6 g) was dissolved in N,N'-dimethyl-
acetamid (50 ml). Trietylamin (3,1 ml) ble tilsatt under omro- acetamide (50 ml). Triethylamine (3.1 mL) was added with stirring
ring . N-(7-2<1->tienylacetamido-ceph-3-em-3-ylmetyl)-pyridinium-4-karboksylatet ble oppsamlet ved. filtrering, vasket med 1:1 aceton/dimetylacetamid-blanding (25 ml), fulgt av aceton (100 call . The N-(7-2<1->thienylacetamido-ceph-3-em-3-ylmethyl)-pyridinium-4-carboxylate was collected at. filtration, washed with 1:1 acetone/dimethylacetamide mixture (25 mL), followed by acetone (100
ml) og torket ved 30°C i vakuum i 16 timer. Utbytte 7,54'g, ml) and dried at 30°C in vacuum for 16 hours. Yield 7.54'g,
90,6 % av det teoretiske, [a]D + 46,7 (c, 1,0 i vann), pH 90.6% of theory, [a]D + 46.7 (c, 1.0 in water), pH
4,~75, (c, 1,0 i vann). 4.~75, (c, 1.0 in water).
Claims (2)
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NO843753A NO155414C (en) | 1984-09-19 | 1984-09-19 | DEVICE FOR MECHANICAL STAMPING OF COLD OR HOT MASS IN A MELTING DEVICE, e.g. Melting furnace, DIGEL E.L., AND USE OF SUCH DEVICE. |
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NO843753A NO155414C (en) | 1984-09-19 | 1984-09-19 | DEVICE FOR MECHANICAL STAMPING OF COLD OR HOT MASS IN A MELTING DEVICE, e.g. Melting furnace, DIGEL E.L., AND USE OF SUCH DEVICE. |
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NO843753L NO843753L (en) | 1986-03-20 |
NO155414B true NO155414B (en) | 1986-12-15 |
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WO2015010188A1 (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-01-29 | Stas Inc. | Aluminium electrolytic pot ramming machine |
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WO2015010188A1 (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-01-29 | Stas Inc. | Aluminium electrolytic pot ramming machine |
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