NO154701B - AGENT FOR HYDROPHOBATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS. - Google Patents
AGENT FOR HYDROPHOBATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO154701B NO154701B NO774088A NO774088A NO154701B NO 154701 B NO154701 B NO 154701B NO 774088 A NO774088 A NO 774088A NO 774088 A NO774088 A NO 774088A NO 154701 B NO154701 B NO 154701B
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- water
- agent
- alcohol
- surfactant
- building materials
- Prior art date
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- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004909 Moisturizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001333 moisturizer Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004890 Hydrophobing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008451 emotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011379 limecrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-2-yl 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001522 polyglycol ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004819 silanols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical class O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
- C04B41/4922—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as monomers, i.e. as organosilanes RnSiX4-n, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilane, dialkyldialkoxysilane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
- C04B41/495—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as oligomers or polymers
- C04B41/4961—Polyorganosiloxanes, i.e. polymers with a Si-O-Si-O-chain; "silicones"
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
- C04B41/64—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal of carbon-to-silicon linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår et middel for hydrofobering av byggematerialer, spesielt porøse byggematerialer, og fortrinnsvis alkaliske, mineralske byggematerialer, under hensyntagen til økonomisk-yrkesmedisinske og tekniske og funksjonelle krav. The invention relates to an agent for hydrophobicizing building materials, especially porous building materials, and preferably alkaline, mineral building materials, taking into account economic-professional medical and technical and functional requirements.
Det er kjent å gjøre overflater av bygninger hydrofobe, dvs. å gjøre disse vannavvisende. Formålet med denne behandling er fremfor alt å hindre nedbørsvann fra å trenge inn i overflateskiktet av bygningskonstruksjoner og i dets pore- og kapillær-system og å transportere inn i overflateskiktet aagressive stoffer som er o<pp>løst i nedbørsvann. It is known to make the surfaces of buildings hydrophobic, i.e. to make them water-repellent. The purpose of this treatment is above all to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the surface layer of building structures and into its pore and capillary system and to transport into the surface layer aggressive substances that are undissolved in rainwater.
Dette avstedkommes på forskjellige måter ved å blande visse overflateaktive materialer (stearater eller siliconer etc, dvs. materialer med en viss grensevinkel mot vann) med materialets bestanddeler allerede under tilvirkningstrinnet eller ved å behandle ferdige konstruksjoner med slike <p>reparater eller opp-løsninger og emulsjoner derav. This is achieved in different ways by mixing certain surface-active materials (stearates or silicones, etc., i.e. materials with a certain boundary angle to water) with the material's constituents already during the manufacturing step or by treating finished constructions with such <p>preparations or solutions and emulsions thereof.
En måte å anvende seg av silaner av spesiell tyne på er beskrevet i svenske patentskrifter nr. 367616 og nr. 381453 som angår impregneringsmidler for murverk. A way of using silanes of special thickness is described in Swedish patent documents no. 367616 and no. 381453 which concern impregnation agents for masonry.
Selvfølgelig kan emulsjoner fremstilles fra op<p>løsninger av silaner i organiske oppløsningsmidler. Inntrengningen av disse émuTsjoner "i~materiarer—er imidlertid begrenset. Of course, emulsions can be prepared from solutions of silanes in organic solvents. However, the penetration of these emotions "into materials" is limited.
Emulsjoner som er blitt dannet direkte fra hydrolyserende silaner i vann eller vann/alkohol som emulgerinasvæske, er ikke beheftet med denne ulempe. Emulsions that have been formed directly from hydrolyzing silanes in water or water/alcohol as an emulsifying liquid are not affected by this disadvantage.
Midlet og fremgangsmåten for fremstilling av et impregnert bygningsmateriale ved hjelp av slike emulsjoner fremgår av svensk patentsøknad nr. 75-01223-6. Det fremgår av denne patent-søknad at hydrofoberingsmidler for bygningsmaterialer kan fremstilles direkte fra visse silaner eller silanoppløsninger i alkohol og vann ved mekanisk dispergering. Slike emulsjoner opp-viser imidlertid en øket tilbøyelighet til separering med økende vanninnhold. Den mekaniske behandling av emulsjonen må i visse tilfeller gjentas under impregneringstrinnet. The means and method for producing an impregnated building material using such emulsions appears in Swedish patent application no. 75-01223-6. It appears from this patent application that hydrophobic agents for building materials can be produced directly from certain silanes or silane solutions in alcohol and water by mechanical dispersion. However, such emulsions show an increased tendency to separate with increasing water content. The mechanical treatment of the emulsion must in certain cases be repeated during the impregnation step.
Det finnes innen bygningsindustrien behov for i enkelte tilfeller å beskytte porøse (mineralske) bygningsmaterialer forbi-gående mot inntrengning av fuktighet, fortrinnsvis mot inntrengning av nedbør, dels ved lagring umiddelbart efter til-virkningen, under transport oa dels under montasje og selvfølgelig når bygningen er tatt i bruk. Dette gjelder f.eks. produkter av betong, gassbetong, natursten, asbest, teglvarer av forskjellig type fremstilt av brent leire, kalksandsten og lignende materialer, og produkter av papir, tre, cellulose og lignende materialer. There is a need within the building industry to, in some cases, protect porous (mineral) building materials temporarily against the ingress of moisture, preferably against the ingress of precipitation, partly during storage immediately after construction, during transport and partly during assembly and of course when the building is applied. This applies, for example, to products of concrete, aerated concrete, natural stone, asbestos, bricks of various types made from burnt clay, limestone and similar materials, and products of paper, wood, cellulose and similar materials.
Det er en fordel ved disse behandlinger at de forbedrer ved-heftningen mellom mineralske underlag og organiske belegnings-midler, som f.eks. malinger av varierende typer basert på opp-løsningsmidler eller dispergeringsmalinger og asfalt som be-skyttelsesbehandling for fuktighet eller som bindesjikt mellom underlag og pappbelegg. It is an advantage of these treatments that they improve the adhesion between mineral substrates and organic coating agents, such as e.g. paints of varying types based on solvents or dispersion paints and asphalt as a protective treatment for moisture or as a bonding layer between the substrate and cardboard coating.
Påføringen av beskyttelsesmidlet kan utføres allerede i fabrikker i mer eller mindre lukkede lokaler under størst mulig hensyntagen til yrkeshygieniske krav ved sammensetningen av hydrofoberingsmidlet og også ved nåføringsmetoden (kontakt mellom midlet, dersom det inneholder risikable bestanddeler, og personer skal unngås). På grunn av den store mengde av behandlede overflater skal midlet og fremgangsmåten for å påføre dette på bygningsmaterialer være økonomiske. Behandlingen skal kunne forsterkes, gjentas og suppleres. Behandlingen skal ikke hindre påfølgende behandlinger av overflatesjiktet. The application of the protective agent can already be carried out in factories in more or less closed premises with the greatest possible consideration of occupational hygiene requirements in the composition of the hydrophobing agent and also by the current application method (contact between the agent, if it contains risky components, and people must be avoided). Due to the large amount of treated surfaces, the agent and the method for applying this to building materials must be economical. The treatment must be able to be reinforced, repeated and supplemented. The treatment must not prevent subsequent treatments of the surface layer.
Det er kjent at kravet til en aksepterbar økonomi for disse behandlingsmidler er blitt løst ved å anvende vandige opp-løsninger av siliconater, spesielt methylsiliconater. Av reak-sjonshensyn må forholdsvis store mengder natron- eller kalilut tilsettes til disse vandige oppløsninger, og dette bidrar til en pH over 13. It is known that the requirement for an acceptable economy for these treatment agents has been solved by using aqueous solutions of silicones, especially methylsiliconates. For reaction reasons, relatively large amounts of caustic soda or potassium hydroxide must be added to these aqueous solutions, and this contributes to a pH above 13.
Det tas ved oppfinnelsen sikte på å tilveiebringe et middel for økonomisk og i en viss grad stabil og yrkesmedisinsk risikofri, effektiv og påføringsmessig enkel hydrofobering av porøse bygningsmaterialer. Det økonomiske ved. oppfinnelsen til-veiebringes ved at det anvendes silaner med vann eller vann/ alkoholblandinger som emulgeringsmiddel, idet vannet utgjør den i det vesentlige dominerende eller utelukkende del av væsken. The aim of the invention is to provide a means for economical and to a certain extent stable and occupational medicine risk-free, effective and application-wise simple hydrophobing of porous building materials. The economic. the invention is achieved by using silanes with water or water/alcohol mixtures as an emulsifier, the water constituting the essentially dominant or exclusive part of the liquid.
De yrkesmedisinske hensyn ved oppfinnelsen tas vare på dels ved at det ikke anvendes helsefarlige eller giftige opp-løsningsmidler og dels ved at det anvendes en spesiell type av silaner, nemlig alkyltrialkoxysilaner eller hydrolysater derav som det er blitt påvist virker lett irriterende på hud og øyer bare i sterk konsentrasjon. The occupational medical considerations of the invention are taken care of partly by not using hazardous or toxic solvents and partly by using a special type of silanes, namely alkyltrialkoxysilanes or hydrolysates thereof which have been shown to be slightly irritating to the skin and eyes only in strong concentration.
De arbeidstekniske fordeler ved op<p>finnelsen gjør det mulig at behandlingsrutinene eller bearbeidingen av midlets bestanddeler ikke krever større kunnskaper eller innsats av be-skyttelsesutstyr eller -apparatur. Blandingen skal kunne finne sted umiddelbart før behandlingen eventuelt i et spesielt laget blandemunnstykke eller den skal kunne utføres til en egnet tid i forveien, idet blandingen skal oppvise en egnet stabilitet. The work-technical advantages of the invention make it possible that the treatment routines or the processing of the agent's components do not require greater knowledge or the use of protective equipment or apparatus. The mixing must be able to take place immediately before the treatment, possibly in a specially made mixing nozzle or it must be able to be carried out at a suitable time in advance, as the mixture must exhibit a suitable stability.
Det tas derfor ved oppfinnelsen også sikte på å unngå en høyeffektiv mekanisk emulgering av bestanddeler i emulsjonen, The invention therefore also aims to avoid a highly efficient mechanical emulsification of components in the emulsion,
og blandingen skal avstedkommes ved hjelp av teknisk mindre krevende forholdsregler, f.eks. en enkel omrøring eller direkte blanding i ledninger i eller utenfor spesialmunnstykker. Emulsjonen skal selvfølgelig kunne påføres og eventuelt også blandes ved anvendelse av alle vanlige og ikke-vanlige <p>åføringsmetoder, f.eks. maling med pensel eller rull, <p>åsorøyting eller behandling i s<p>røytekasser eller lignende a<pp>arater eller i linjer eller apparater som forøvrig er tilpasset til produksjonsprosessen. and the mixture must be produced using technically less demanding precautions, e.g. a simple stirring or direct mixing in lines inside or outside special nozzles. The emulsion must of course be able to be applied and possibly also mixed using all usual and non-usual <p>application methods, e.g. painting with a brush or roller, <p>disposal or treatment in s<p>disposal boxes or similar devices or in lines or devices which are otherwise adapted to the production process.
Det er kjent at emulsjoner med silaner og hydrolyseprodukter derav kan fremstilles direkte i vann eller i vann/alkoholblandinger ved hjelp av høyeffektiv mekanisk emulgering. Det har vist seg at store fordeler sammenlignet med denne metode, bl.a. stabilitet for emulsjonen og en minskning av partikkelstørrelsen, kan oppnås ved å tilsette overflateaktive materialer (tensider) til emulsjons-midlet, i dette tilfelle vann og vann/alkoholblandinger. Det har imidlertid også dessverre vist seg at hydrofoberingsvirkningen av disse emulsjoner minsker eller forsvinner fullstendig ved en generell tilsetning av slike overflateaktive midler. Det har imidlertid ifølge' oppfinnelsen overraskende vist seg at fordeler kan oppnås ved hjelp av disse tilsetninger uten tilsvarende ulemper dersom det anvendes nedbrytbare tensider som spaltes i kontakt med murverk. It is known that emulsions with silanes and hydrolysis products thereof can be prepared directly in water or in water/alcohol mixtures by means of highly efficient mechanical emulsification. It has been shown that great advantages compared to this method, i.a. stability of the emulsion and a reduction in particle size can be achieved by adding surface-active materials (surfactants) to the emulsifier, in this case water and water/alcohol mixtures. Unfortunately, however, it has also been shown that the hydrophobing effect of these emulsions decreases or disappears completely with a general addition of such surface-active agents. According to the invention, however, it has surprisingly been shown that advantages can be obtained by means of these additives without corresponding disadvantages if degradable surfactants are used which decompose in contact with masonry.
Oppfinnelsen angår således et middel for hydrofobering av byggematerialer, spesielt porøse byggematerialer, hvor midlet er basert på en emulsjon av alkyltrialkoxysilan og/eller hydrolysater derav som dispergert fase og vann eller vann/alkoholblandinger som kontinuerlig fase, og midlet er særpreget ved at det som dispergeringsmiddel inneholder et nedbrytbart tensid som spaltes i kontakt med murverk, og idet silaninnholdet i emulsjonen er mellom 1 og 50% av emulsjonens volum og tensidinnholdet 0,01-1% av emulsjonens volum. The invention thus relates to an agent for hydrophobicizing building materials, in particular porous building materials, where the agent is based on an emulsion of alkyltrialkoxysilane and/or hydrolysates thereof as dispersed phase and water or water/alcohol mixtures as continuous phase, and the agent is characterized by the fact that as dispersant contains a degradable surfactant which breaks down in contact with masonry, and the silane content in the emulsion is between 1 and 50% of the emulsion's volume and the surfactant content 0.01-1% of the emulsion's volume.
Det foreliggende middel kan fremstilles ved at en oppløs-ning av alkyltrialkoxysilan og/eller hydrolysater derav blandes i et dispergeringsmiddel som består av vann eller vann/alkoholblandinger, under tilsetning av et nedbrytbart tensid som spaltes i kontakt med murverk. The present agent can be prepared by mixing a solution of alkyltrialkoxysilane and/or hydrolysates thereof in a dispersant consisting of water or water/alcohol mixtures, with the addition of a degradable surfactant which decomposes in contact with masonry.
Som hydrofoberingsmiddel anvendes fortrinnsvis i vann uopp-løselige alkyltrialkoxysilaner ifølge svensk patentskrift nr. 367616 og derav erholdte hydrolysater. Som eksempler på tensider kan nevnes bl.a. estere av varierende sammensetning, Water-insoluble alkyltrialkoxysilanes according to Swedish Patent No. 367616 and hydrolysates obtained therefrom are preferably used as hydrophobic agents. Examples of surfactants include esters of varying composition,
f.eks. fosforsyreestere eller kiselsyreestere, og f.eks. også fettsyreestere, fettsyrepolyglykolestere og forskjellige alkohol-alkylenoxydaddukter og et meget stort antall andre tensider som er egnede for midlet ifølge oppfinnelsen ved at de spaltes i kontakt med murverk. e.g. phosphoric acid esters or silicic acid esters, and e.g. also fatty acid esters, fatty acid polyglycol esters and various alcohol-alkylene oxide adducts and a very large number of other surfactants which are suitable for the agent according to the invention in that they decompose in contact with masonry.
Blandingen kan utføres på forskjellige måter i forskjellige trinn. Således kan f.eks. alkyltrialkoxysilaner og samtidig eventuelt tensider oppløses i alkohol og oppløsningen emulgeres i vann, idet blandingen med vann resulterer i dannelse av hydrolysater i vann eller vann/alkoholblandinger. Alkyltrialkoxysilaner og hydrolysater derav eller eventuelt oppløsninger derav i organiske oppløsningsmidler kan også emulgeres i vann under tilsetning av de ovennevnte tensider. The mixing can be done in different ways in different stages. Thus, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilanes and at the same time possibly surfactants are dissolved in alcohol and the solution is emulsified in water, the mixture with water resulting in the formation of hydrolysates in water or water/alcohol mixtures. Alkyltrialkoxysilanes and hydrolysates thereof or possibly solutions thereof in organic solvents can also be emulsified in water with the addition of the above-mentioned surfactants.
Det har overraskende vist seg at emulsjonene som er blitt fremstilt fra alkyltrialkoxysilan og hydrolysater derav i vann eller vann/alkoholblandinger, kan fremstilles både med meget høye og meget lave innhold av silaner i emulsjonen. Det har overraskende vist seg at inntrengningsdybden for.emulsjoner som er blitt fremstilt på denne måte, er av samme størrelsesorden som inntrengningsdybden for oppløsninger. It has surprisingly been shown that the emulsions which have been prepared from alkyltrialkoxysilane and hydrolysates thereof in water or water/alcohol mixtures, can be prepared both with very high and very low contents of silanes in the emulsion. It has surprisingly turned out that the penetration depth for emulsions that have been prepared in this way is of the same order of magnitude as the penetration depth for solutions.
Ved fremstilling av emulsjoner ifølge oppfinnelsen kan forskjellige konsentrasjoner av alkyltrialkoxysilaner eller hydrolysater derav anvendes i emulsjonene innen området fra 1% When producing emulsions according to the invention, different concentrations of alkyltrialkoxysilanes or hydrolysates thereof can be used in the emulsions within the range from 1%
og opp til 50% beroende på typen av alkyltrialkoxysilan. Til-setningen av tensidet skal ikke overskride 1% og ikke være under 0,01% av emulsjonens volum, fortrinnsvis mellom 0,01 og 0,1%. and up to 50% depending on the type of alkyltrialkoxysilane. The addition of the surfactant should not exceed 1% and not be below 0.01% of the emulsion's volume, preferably between 0.01 and 0.1%.
Av alkyltrialkoxysilaner anvendes fortrinnsvis alkyltrialkoxysilaner som beskrevet i svensk patentskrift nr. 307616. Som nedbrytbart tensid anvendes fortrinnsvis estere og alkohol-alkylenoxydaddukter. Vanninnholdet i alkohol/vannblandinger i emulgeringsvæsken kan variere mellom 100 og 50%, fortrinnsvis mellom 95 og 75%. Anvendelsesområdet for midlet er bl.a. fabrikkmessig hydrofobering av f.eks. lettbetong, betong, kalksandsten eller taksten av betong, idet disse produkter kan behandles for å tilveiebringe en tilfeldig vannavvisende overflate under lagring, transport og montasje eller en per-manent behandling med virkning i løpet av en lengre periode. Behandlingen kan også utføres på stedet på f.eks. puss og kalk-stenteglvarer. Alkyltrialkoxysilanes are preferably used as described in Swedish Patent No. 307616. As degradable surfactant, esters and alcohol-alkylene oxide adducts are preferably used. The water content of alcohol/water mixtures in the emulsifying liquid can vary between 100 and 50%, preferably between 95 and 75%. The area of application for the agent is, among other things, factory hydrophobing of e.g. lightweight concrete, concrete, sand-lime stone or concrete roofing, as these products can be treated to provide a random water-repellent surface during storage, transport and assembly or a permanent treatment with effect over a longer period. The treatment can also be carried out on site at e.g. plaster and lime stoneware.
Nedbrytningen av tensider finner i de fleste tilfeller sted ved påvirkning av disse bygningsmaterialers alkalinitet, reaksjon med metalloxyder eller lignende i eller umiddelbart efter fremstillings- eller monteringstrinnet. The breakdown of surfactants in most cases takes place through the influence of the alkalinity of these building materials, reaction with metal oxides or the like in or immediately after the manufacturing or assembly stage.
Det har overraskende vist seg at emulsjonene ifølge oppfinnelsen har en betraktelig lengre stabilitetstid enn emulsjoner som er blitt fremstilt fra silaner ifølge svensk patent-søknad nr. 75-01228-6. It has surprisingly turned out that the emulsions according to the invention have a considerably longer stability time than emulsions which have been prepared from silanes according to Swedish patent application no. 75-01228-6.
En <y>tterligere fordel ved denne type av hydrofobering er at midlet kan oåføres på allerede hydrofobe overflater til tross for at emulgeringsvæsken inneholder betydelige mengder med vann. A further advantage of this type of hydrophobing is that the agent can be applied to already hydrophobic surfaces despite the fact that the emulsifying liquid contains significant amounts of water.
Innholdet av tensider fjerner forbly<*>ende overflatesjiktets hydrofobe egenskap inntil virkningen av tensidet har forsvunnet, som antydet ovenfor. The content of surfactants removes the remaining hydrophobic property of the surface layer until the effect of the surfactant has disappeared, as indicated above.
Ved disse fremgangsmåter ved anvendelse av midlet ifølge oppfinnelsen kan murverk eller murverkslignende bygningsmaterialer som består av eller inneholder bestanddeler som kan reagere <f>med silaner, gjøres hydrofobe. Disse bestanddeler kan være hydroxylholdige grupper eller metalloxyd eller de kan reagere med silaner på annen måte slik at en siloxanfilm kan dannes på deres overflater. Blant de bygningsmaterialer som tilfredsstiller disse krav, er betong, lettklinker- og lettballastbetong, lettbetong og mur- eller pussmørtel. By these methods using the agent according to the invention, masonry or masonry-like building materials consisting of or containing components that can react <f>with silanes can be made hydrophobic. These constituents can be hydroxyl-containing groups or metal oxides or they can react with silanes in some other way so that a siloxane film can be formed on their surfaces. Among the building materials that satisfy these requirements are concrete, lightweight clinker and lightweight aggregate concrete, lightweight concrete and brick or plaster mortar.
For å belyse fordelene ved den foreliggende op<p>finnelse og hvorledes den virker sammenlignet med kjent teknikk, er nedenfor en del forsøk beskrevet. In order to illustrate the advantages of the present invention and how it works compared to known technology, a number of experiments are described below.
Blandinger av hydrofoberende materialer, overflateaktivt (fuktende) tilsetningsmiddel, alkohol og vann ble fremstilt. Med disse blandinger ble den trådskårne ytre overflate av en lett-betongblokk med en volumvekt av 0,5 behandlet. Lettbetongen hadde en pH av ca. 3. Mixtures of hydrophobic materials, surfactant (wetting) additive, alcohol and water were prepared. With these mixtures, the wire-cut outer surface of a lightweight concrete block with a volume weight of 0.5 was treated. The lightweight concrete had a pH of approx. 3.
1. Prøvestykker og im<p>regneringsmetode 1. Test pieces and calculation method
Som <p>røvestykker ble lettbetongplater med en diameter av Lightweight concrete slabs with a diameter of
80 mm og en tykkelse av 10 mm anvendt som i hovedsaken var blitt fremstilt i overensstemmelse med den svenske ER-nemnds anbefalinger for diffusjonstesting av puss. 80 mm and a thickness of 10 mm used, which had mainly been produced in accordance with the Swedish ER board's recommendations for diffusion testing of plaster.
Impregneringen ble utført ved at <p>røvestykket ble neddyppet The impregnation was carried out by immersing the <p>robe piece
i væskens overflate, hvorved im<p>regneringsvæske ble sugd inn på grunn av "kapillær selvsuging". in the surface of the liquid, whereby the im<p>recension liquid was sucked in due to "capillary self-suction".
Impregneringsvirkningen ble fastslått efter at hydrofobering hadde inntrått, ved å måle ikke fuktbart tverrsnitt efter at istykkerbrutte prøvestykker var blitt bløtet. The impregnation effect was determined after hydrophobing had set in, by measuring the non-wettable cross-section after test pieces broken into pieces had been soaked.
2. Behandlingsvæsker 2. Treatment fluids
3. Anvendte preparater 3. Preparations used
Som silanpreparat ble et alkyltrialkoxysilan som selges under handelsnavnet "Transilan", anvendt. As a silane preparation, an alkyltrialkoxysilane sold under the trade name "Transilan" was used.
Som eth<y>lalkohol ble industrialkohol anvendt. Industrial alcohol was used as ethyl alcohol.
Som fuktemiddel 1 ble et fuktemiddel som selges under As moisturizer 1 was a moisturizer that is sold below
(R) (R)
varemerket Berol 08 , opnløst i alkohol, anvendt. Fuktemidlet er et ikke-ionisk tensid basert på normal primær alkohol, og det er meget sterkt hydrofilt og betegnes som et alkoholalkylenoxydaddukt. trademark Berol 08, dissolved in alcohol, used. The wetting agent is a non-ionic surfactant based on normal primary alcohol, and it is very strongly hydrophilic and is referred to as an alcohol alkylene oxide adduct.
Tensidet er ikke motstandsdyktig overfor alkalier og syrer, oxydasjonsmidler og reduksjonsmidler. The surfactant is not resistant to alkalis and acids, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
Som tensid 2 ble et fuktemiddel som selges under varemerket Berol-452^ anvendt. Fuktemidlet er flytende og er et anionisk tensid av typen alkylethersulfat. Dette tensid er motstandsdyktig overfor alkalier med en pH av opp til ca. 13,0. As surfactant 2, a wetting agent sold under the trade name Berol-452^ was used. The wetting agent is liquid and is an anionic surfactant of the alkyl ether sulphate type. This surfactant is resistant to alkalis with a pH of up to approx. 13.0.
4. Fremstillingsalternativer 4. Manufacturing options
Fremstillingen ble i prinsippet gjort i overensstemmelse med forskjellige alternativer, idet imidlertid ingen forskjeller hva gjelder egenskaper og virkningsmåte for det anvendte middel og for behandlingsresultatet kunne påvises. In principle, the preparation was done in accordance with different alternatives, although no differences in terms of properties and mode of action for the agent used and for the treatment result could be demonstrated.
Alternativene kan i prinsippet velges i avhengighet av f.eks. produktenes anvendelsesområde eller lagringstekniske hensyn. The alternatives can in principle be chosen depending on e.g. the products' area of application or storage technical considerations.
Alternativer Alternatives
a) Vann og oppløsningsmiddel (alkohol) blandes. Derefter tilsettes tensider. Silan tilsettes derefter (eventuelt a) Water and solvent (alcohol) are mixed. Surfactants are then added. Silane is then added (optionally
blandet med oppløsningsmiddel alkohol). mixed with solvent alcohol).
b) Blanding av silan og alkohol tilsettes til vann og tensid (og eventuelt alkohol). c) Blanding av silan, alkohol og tensid tilsettes til vann (og eventuelt alkohol). d) Silan og tensid blandes, hvorefter blandingen tilsettes til vann og alkohol. e) Forsøkene ble utført også efter varierende lagringstider for blandingene, hvorved de under 5. beskrevne reaksjoner b) Mixture of silane and alcohol is added to water and surfactant (and possibly alcohol). c) Mixture of silane, alcohol and surfactant is added to water (and possibly alcohol). d) Silane and surfactant are mixed, after which the mixture is added to water and alcohol. e) The experiments were also carried out after varying storage times for the mixtures, whereby the reactions described under 5.
helt eller delvis fant sted. fully or partially took place.
Forskjellige forsøk ble utført med forskjellige blandinger hva gjelder volumfordeling av bestanddelene i blandingene, dvs. silan, alkohol, vann og tensider, i forhold som fremgår av den foreliggende beskrivelse. Ingen avvikelser fra det nedenfor beskrevne forhold kunne derved fastslås. Different experiments were carried out with different mixtures in terms of volume distribution of the components in the mixtures, i.e. silane, alcohol, water and surfactants, in ratios that appear from the present description. No deviations from the conditions described below could thereby be established.
5. Reaksjoner i blandingen 5. Reactions in the mixture
Efter kontakt med vann hydrolyserer silaner til silanoler som danner vannavvisende siloxaner efter kondensasjon. Reaksjoner kan forekomme mellom siloxanene og mellom disse og det behandlede underlag. After contact with water, silanes hydrolyze to silanols, which form water-repellent siloxanes after condensation. Reactions can occur between the siloxanes and between them and the treated substrate.
Disse reaksjoner er tidsbundne og kan inntreffe efter blandingen av væsken, under lagring eller ved umiddelbar behandling av et materiale. These reactions are time-bound and can occur after the mixing of the liquid, during storage or during immediate treatment of a material.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7613507A SE404358C (en) | 1976-12-02 | 1976-12-02 | PROCEDURE FOR HYDROPHOBOUS TREATMENT OF BUILDING MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR POROSA SADANA |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO774088L NO774088L (en) | 1978-06-05 |
| NO154701B true NO154701B (en) | 1986-08-25 |
| NO154701C NO154701C (en) | 1986-12-03 |
Family
ID=20329631
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO774088A NO154701C (en) | 1976-12-02 | 1977-11-30 | AGENT FOR HYDROPHOBATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS. |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT371791B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2751714A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK153322C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI64564C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1592569A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO154701C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE404358C (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0075962A1 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-06 | Josef Dr. PÜHRINGER | Impregnation agent for porous building materials |
| US4648904A (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1987-03-10 | Scm Corporation | Aqueous systems containing silanes for rendering masonry surfaces water repellant |
| DE3635260A1 (en) * | 1986-10-16 | 1988-04-28 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | METHOD FOR MAKING WATER REPELLENT OF SUCTIONABLE INORGANIC CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS |
| DE4029640A1 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-03-26 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | PREPARATION FOR WATER REPELLENT IMPREGNATION OF POROESER MINERAL BUILDING MATERIALS |
| FR2674862B1 (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1994-09-09 | Corning France | COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING ARTICLES TO PROVIDE SUSTAINABLE ADHESIVE AND WATER REPELLENT PROPERTIES. |
| DE4122263C1 (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-02-25 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
| DE4309971A1 (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-09-29 | Bayer Ag | Impregnation emulsion for mineral building materials |
| DE4409141A1 (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-09-21 | Degussa | Process for the treatment of mineral building materials |
| DE19747794A1 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-06 | Degussa | Process for the production of concrete which has been rendered hydrophobic in the mass |
| DE19904496A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-10 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Aqueous creams of organosilicon compounds |
| FR2918660B1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-10-01 | Edouard Serras | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A BUILDING ELEMENT FROM A MIXTURE OF PLASTER, WATER AND A LOAD |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL226287A (en) * | 1957-04-08 | |||
| JPS5212219B1 (en) * | 1965-01-21 | 1977-04-05 | ||
| US3567492A (en) * | 1968-06-24 | 1971-03-02 | Midland Silicones Ltd | Method for treating stone to obtain improved bonding to bituminous material |
| DE2053110B2 (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1977-03-10 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE SURFACE PROTECTION OF PORIGUE MATERIALS |
| DE2258901B2 (en) * | 1972-12-01 | 1980-11-06 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Impregnation of masonry with neutral or acidic reacting surfaces |
| DK43475A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1976-08-08 | Nya Asfalt Ab | PROCEDURE AND AGENT FOR IMPREGNATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS |
-
1976
- 1976-12-02 SE SE7613507A patent/SE404358C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1977
- 1977-11-18 DK DK511177A patent/DK153322C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-19 DE DE19772751714 patent/DE2751714A1/en active Granted
- 1977-11-21 FI FI773505A patent/FI64564C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-29 AT AT0852777A patent/AT371791B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-30 NO NO774088A patent/NO154701C/en unknown
- 1977-12-01 GB GB50011/77A patent/GB1592569A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1592569A (en) | 1981-07-08 |
| SE404358C (en) | 1984-10-15 |
| DK153322B (en) | 1988-07-04 |
| FI64564B (en) | 1983-08-31 |
| SE404358B (en) | 1978-10-02 |
| NO774088L (en) | 1978-06-05 |
| NO154701C (en) | 1986-12-03 |
| DE2751714A1 (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| ATA852777A (en) | 1982-12-15 |
| AT371791B (en) | 1983-07-25 |
| FI773505A (en) | 1978-06-03 |
| SE7613507L (en) | 1978-06-03 |
| DK511177A (en) | 1978-06-03 |
| DK153322C (en) | 1988-12-27 |
| FI64564C (en) | 1983-12-12 |
| DE2751714C2 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
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