NO143724B - DEVICE FOR AA FITTING A HEATING ELEMENT FOR A CONVECTOR PANEL E.L. - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR AA FITTING A HEATING ELEMENT FOR A CONVECTOR PANEL E.L. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO143724B NO143724B NO762983A NO762983A NO143724B NO 143724 B NO143724 B NO 143724B NO 762983 A NO762983 A NO 762983A NO 762983 A NO762983 A NO 762983A NO 143724 B NO143724 B NO 143724B
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- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- mixture
- bitumen
- latex
- dispersion
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 chloroprenes Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical group C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIFLRQVHKGGNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorobuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C(Cl)=C LIFLRQVHKGGNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQHQZFUAEAVJRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorobuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound FC(=C)C=C BQHQZFUAEAVJRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001441571 Hiodontidae Species 0.000 description 1
- VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer Chemical compound CC(C)=C.CC(=C)C=C VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004712 air sac Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011285 coke tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001198 elastomeric copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011286 gas tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004525 petroleum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011288 water-gas tar Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
- F24C7/06—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements
- F24C7/062—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements on stoves
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
Bitumen-gummidispersjon-blanding og fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av dispersjonen. Bitumen-rubber dispersion mixture and method for producing the dispersion.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en dispersjon som egner seg for gatebelegg og overflatebehandling av veier o. s. v. og som inneholder en blanding av gummi og bitumen, og en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av denne dispersjon under bruk av en dispersjon av gummi i flerverdig alkohol. The present invention relates to a dispersion which is suitable for street covering and surface treatment of roads, etc. and which contains a mixture of rubber and bitumen, and a method for producing this dispersion using a dispersion of rubber in polyhydric alcohol.
Blandinger av gummi og bitumen er Mixtures of rubber and bitumen are
blitt brukt som gatebelegg i mange år. Selv om det har vært kjent at det er for-deler ved å bruke gummi i form av lateks, har det vært forskjellige ulemper, kanskje hovedsaklig på grunn av den omstendighet at bare en liten mengde vann i bitumenet selv så lite som en brøkdel av en prosent, bringer bitumenet til å koke og skumme når det oppvarmes over kokepunktet for vannet. has been used as a street covering for many years. Although it has been known that there are advantages in using rubber in the form of latex, there have been various disadvantages, perhaps mainly due to the fact that only a small amount of water in the bitumen even as little as a fraction of a per cent, causes the bitumen to boil and foam when heated above the boiling point of water.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen blir vannet According to the invention, the water is
i lateksen erstattet med en flerverdig alkohol, og denne dispersjon blir blandet med bitumenet. Dispersjonen kan fremstilles ved å fordampe vannet i lateksen under vakuum og erstatte det med alkoholen, eller når gummien er en syntetisk polymer kan en slik dispersjon av poly-meret i alkoholen fremstilles direkte ved å utføre polymeriseringen i alkohol i stedet for i vann. For visse latekser er det nød-vendig å øke mengden av stabilisator ut over den som trenges for en vandig lateks, for å forhindre koagulering under behand-lingen. in the latex is replaced with a polyhydric alcohol, and this dispersion is mixed with the bitumen. The dispersion can be prepared by evaporating the water in the latex under vacuum and replacing it with the alcohol, or when the rubber is a synthetic polymer such a dispersion of the polymer in the alcohol can be prepared directly by carrying out the polymerization in alcohol instead of in water. For certain latexes, it is necessary to increase the amount of stabilizer beyond that required for an aqueous latex, in order to prevent coagulation during treatment.
Alkoholen oppløser ikke gummien, men dispergerer i oljene og andre bestanddeler i butumenet, og gummien er i det minste delvis oppløselig i den resulterende dispersjon. The alcohol does not dissolve the rubber, but disperses into the oils and other constituents of the bitumen, and the rubber is at least partially soluble in the resulting dispersion.
Gummiene som kan brukes har for-trinsvis en Mooneyverdi (ML/4/100<0> C) på 50 eller mere. Gummien kan være natur-gummi, kloropren, isobutylen-isopren-kopolymer (butylgummi), butadien-akrylo-nitril-kopolymer, homopolymer av et dien eller kopolymer av dien, eller hvilket som helst regenerert gummi, men er fortrinnsvis et kopolymer av 1) et dien, f. eks. butadien, isopren, 2,3-dimetylbutadien, pipery-len, 2-klorbutadien, 2,3-diklorbutadien, 2-fluorbutadien e. 1., og 2) en vinylaromatisk forbindelse f .eks. styren, vinyltoluen, vinyl-naftalen, et kjerne-substituert styren f. eks. halostyren, alkylstyren e. 1. Disse gummier oppløses til en viss grad i en bitumen og alkohol-gummi-dispersjon. En elastomer kopolymer av butadien og styren er å foretrekke. The rubbers that can be used preferably have a Mooney value (ML/4/100<0> C) of 50 or more. The rubber can be natural rubber, chloroprene, isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (butyl rubber), butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, homopolymer of a diene or copolymer of a diene, or any regenerated rubber, but is preferably a copolymer of 1) a diene, e.g. butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, piperylene, 2-chlorobutadiene, 2,3-dichlorobutadiene, 2-fluorobutadiene e. 1., and 2) a vinyl aromatic compound e.g. styrene, vinyltoluene, vinyl-naphthalene, a core-substituted styrene e.g. halostyrene, alkylstyrene e. 1. These rubbers dissolve to a certain extent in a bitumen and alcohol-rubber dispersion. An elastomeric copolymer of butadiene and styrene is preferred.
Den bitumen som brukes her kan være asfalt eller tjære, og omfatter naturlige og kunstige bitumener f. eks., rester fra des-tillering av petroleum, kulltjære e. 1., og andre bituminøse brolegningsmaterialer f. eks. lysgasstjære, kokstjære, vanngass-tjære, bek, veioljer, pyrogent bitumen, til-bakeskåret bitumen e. 1. Bitumen har fortrinnsvis en penetrasjon ved 25° C, på minst 40 og penetrasjonen kan være så høy som 300 eller mere. Penetrasjonsprøve: A.S.T.M.D-5). The bitumen used here can be asphalt or tar, and includes natural and artificial bitumens, e.g., residues from the distillation of petroleum, coal tar, etc., and other bituminous paving materials, e.g. light gas tar, coke tar, water gas tar, pitch, road oils, pyrogenic bitumen, cut back bitumen etc. 1. The bitumen preferably has a penetration at 25° C of at least 40 and the penetration can be as high as 300 or more. Penetration test: A.S.T.M.D-5).
Lateksen blir brukt i en slik mengde at det er ca. 1 til 15 pst. (tørrvekt) gummi til 99 til 85 pst. bitumen. I alminnelighet vil det brukes 50 til 100 pst. flerverdig alkohol, regnet på vekten av gummien. The latex is used in such a quantity that there is approx. 1 to 15 percent (dry weight) rubber to 99 to 85 percent bitumen. In general, 50 to 100 per cent polyhydric alcohol will be used, calculated on the weight of the rubber.
Alkoholen kan være hvilken som helst flerverdig alkohol med et kokepunkt som ligger høyere enn kokepunktet for vann, f. eks. glyserol eller glykol. Fortrinnsvis brukes en polyetylen-glykol, selv om en polypropylen-glykol o. s. v. kan brukes. Sammensetningen av lateksen kan variere fra ca. 20 til 80 vektprosent gummi og 80 til 20 pst. alkohol. I alminnelighet er mengden av alkohol så liten som mulig da den virker som mykningsmiddel, selv om så meget som 80 pst. glyserol kan brukes hvor det ønskes at produktet skal være lett-flytende. Hvis det er mere enn 80 pst. gummi i blandingen blir dispersjonen grøt-aktig og vanskelig å behandle. The alcohol can be any polyhydric alcohol with a boiling point higher than the boiling point of water, e.g. glycerol or glycol. Preferably a polyethylene glycol is used, although a polypropylene glycol etc. can be used. The composition of the latex can vary from approx. 20 to 80 percent rubber by weight and 80 to 20 percent alcohol. In general, the amount of alcohol is as small as possible as it acts as a softening agent, although as much as 80 per cent glycerol can be used where it is desired that the product should be light-flowing. If there is more than 80 percent rubber in the mixture, the dispersion becomes mushy and difficult to process.
Dispersjonen av gummi i alkohol blir fremstilt ved å oppvarme lateksen til en temperatur på f. eks. 93 til 150° C under et vakuum på 50 til 68 cm og tilsette alkoholen før oppvarming, eller gradvis under oppvarmingen, eller tilsette noe under begge trinn. En stabilisator som trenges for å holde gummimolekylene suspendert i alkoholen kan settes til lateksen eller til alkoholen eller til alkohol-lateksen. The dispersion of rubber in alcohol is produced by heating the latex to a temperature of e.g. 93 to 150°C under a vacuum of 50 to 68 cm and add the alcohol before heating, or gradually during heating, or add some during both steps. A stabilizer needed to keep the rubber molecules suspended in the alcohol can be added to the latex or to the alcohol or to the alcohol-latex.
Det skal nå gis et eksempel på hvor-ledes oppfinnnelsen kan bringes til ut-førelse : En elastomer polymer av butadien og styren (forhold 75 : 25) i lateks med 60 pst. faste stoffer ble oppvarmet til ca. 114° C under et vakuum på 55 cm kvikksølv sam-tidig som tilstrekkelig glyserol ble tilsatt til å danne en dispersjon med et gummi-innhold på 55 pst. Vakuumet ble opprett-holdt inntil omtrent alt vann var fjernet fra lateksen. Det resulterende produkt ble blandet med en petroleum-rest-asfalt med en penetrasjon på 85—80 (penetrasjons-prøve: A.S.T.M.D-5) under røring i be-holderen for en bitumen trykkfordeler eller annen asfaltbeholder for å fremstille en blanding med 94,6 pst. asfalt, 3 pst. gummi og 2,4 pst. glyserol som er omtrent fritt for vann. Etterhvert som blandingen fort-setter, oppløses gummien i oljene fra asfalten og sveller, med en blanding av asfalten og gummien ved støtflatene mellom gummipartiklene og asfalten. Glyserolinn-holdet som er lite blir dispergert gjennom hele asfalten og tjener til å gjøre blandingen myk. An example will now be given of how the invention can be implemented: An elastomeric polymer of butadiene and styrene (ratio 75:25) in latex with 60% solids was heated to approx. 114° C. under a vacuum of 55 cm of mercury while sufficient glycerol was added to form a dispersion with a gum content of 55 percent. The vacuum was maintained until approximately all water was removed from the latex. The resulting product was mixed with a petroleum residual asphalt with a penetration of 85-80 (penetration test: A.S.T.M.D-5) with stirring in the container of a bitumen pressure distributor or other asphalt container to prepare a mixture with 94.6 % asphalt, 3 % rubber and 2.4 % glycerol which is approximately free of water. As the mixing continues, the rubber dissolves in the oils from the asphalt and swells, with a mixture of the asphalt and the rubber at the impact surfaces between the rubber particles and the asphalt. The glycerol content, which is small, is dispersed throughout throughout the asphalt and serves to soften the mix.
Bitumen-gummi-blandingene blir i alminnelighet brukt varme. Det er mulig å fremstille en slik blanding fra vandig lateks eller et pulverformet gummimaterial, men dette går langsomt og krever kostbart utstyr. Blandinger som er fremstilt av vandig gummilateks eller pulverformet gummimaterial må følgelig fremstilles i et anlegg og sendes varmt til det sted hvor de skal brukes. Dette kan nødvendiggjøre lagring i en tankvogn i flere dager under-veis. Hvis været er rått når tankvognen mottas for tømming nær det sted hvor dispensjonen skal brukes, blir blandingen lagret varmt inntil været klarner opp. Slike langvarige lagringer bevirker ødeleggelse av de ønskelige egenskaper for blandingen. The bitumen-rubber mixtures are generally used hot. It is possible to produce such a mixture from aqueous latex or a powdered rubber material, but this is slow and requires expensive equipment. Mixtures made from aqueous rubber latex or powdered rubber material must therefore be produced in a facility and sent hot to the place where they are to be used. This may necessitate storage in a tanker for several days en route. If the weather is rough when the tanker is received for unloading near the location where the dispensation is to be used, the mixture is stored warm until the weather clears. Such long-term storage results in the destruction of the desirable properties of the mixture.
Bitumen alene har hatt utstrakt bruk men den blir skjør i kulde og myk i som-mervarme. Blanding med gummi gir et produkt med forbedrete fysiske egenskaper. Under alle værforhold. Alkoholen gjør blandingen myk, men den mengde som er tilstede er meget liten. Etylen-glykoler med lavt kokepunkt har lett for å fordampe ved den temperatur som noen bitumener oppvarmes til under avlevering og bruk. Det er i alminnelighet å foretrekke å bruke glyserol. En blanding av glyserol og glykol kan brukes. Blandingen blir brukt for gatebelegg, overflatebehandling eller tet-ting av landeveier, flyplasser o. 1., eller som et bindemiddel eller tetningsmiddel for in-dustrielt bruk. Fyllstoffer kan blandes til blandingen, idet arten og mengden av fyllstoffet varierer alt etter de fordringer som stilles ved bruken. Blandingen kan helles eller sprøytes over fyllstoffet eller blandes med det. I alminnelighet blir den overflate som skal behandles dekket med blandingen, og fyllstoffet (sten e. 1.) blir fordelt inni blandingen mens den ennå er varm. I alminnelighet er fyllstoffet ikke tykkere enn et lag for hver anringelse, og dybden av blandingen vil være omtrent en tredjedel av den gjennomsnittlige høyde av stenene. Bitumen alone has had extensive use, but it becomes brittle in the cold and soft in the summer heat. Mixing with rubber gives a product with improved physical properties. In all weather conditions. The alcohol makes the mixture soft, but the amount present is very small. Ethylene glycols with a low boiling point readily evaporate at the temperature to which some bitumens are heated during delivery and use. It is generally preferable to use glycerol. A mixture of glycerol and glycol can be used. The mixture is used for street covering, surface treatment or sealing of country roads, airports etc., or as a binder or sealant for industrial use. Fillers can be mixed into the mixture, as the nature and quantity of the filler varies according to the requirements of the application. The mixture can be poured or sprayed over the filler or mixed with it. In general, the surface to be treated is covered with the mixture, and the filler (stone e. 1.) is distributed inside the mixture while it is still hot. Generally, the filler is no thicker than one layer for each ring, and the depth of the mix will be about one third of the average height of the stones.
Oppfinnelsen skal forklares nærmere The invention shall be explained in more detail
under henvisning til vedføyete tegninger. with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 er en gjengivelse av et fotografi Fig. 1 is a reproduction of a photograph
av en blanding forstørret 300 ganger. of a mixture magnified 300 times.
Fig. 2 viser et sideriss av en behandlet Fig. 2 shows a side view of a treated
overflate. surface.
Fig. 1 viser en blanding av 3 vektprosent gummi fra GR-S 2105 lateks (elastomer kopolymer av butadien og styren), 2,4 pst. glyserol som er i det vesentlige vann-fritt, og 94,6 pst. asfaltrest fra petroleum-destillasjon. Den hvite sirkel ble fremstilt av en luftblære. De lysere områder viser gummien som har oppløst olje fra asfalten. Etterhvert som gummipartiklene sveller har de en tendens til å løpe sammen. Gum-mimaterialer som er spesielt ønskelige er de som er delvis oppløselige i asfalten. De mørkere områder er asfalt. I det endelige produkt er det en kontinuerlig fase av asfalten, og gummien søker å danne en kontinuerlig fase. Gummien oppløses ikke i alkoholen, men alkoholen er i den endelige blanding. Fig. 1 shows a mixture of 3% by weight rubber from GR-S 2105 latex (elastomer copolymer of butadiene and styrene), 2.4% glycerol which is essentially water-free, and 94.6% asphalt residue from petroleum distillation. The white circle was produced by an air bladder. The lighter areas show the rubber that has dissolved oil from the asphalt. As the rubber particles swell, they tend to run together. Rubber materials that are particularly desirable are those that are partially soluble in the asphalt. The darker areas are asphalt. In the final product, there is a continuous phase of the asphalt, and the rubber seeks to form a continuous phase. The gum does not dissolve in the alcohol, but the alcohol is in the final mixture.
Fig. 2 viser et lag av gummi-asfalt-blandingen 5 på asfalt- eller betong-vei eller lignende 6, med små pukksten 7 fordelt over den. Pukkstenen blir tilsatt mens blandingen ennå er klebrig og fyltende, og blandingen danner en fast forbindelse med stenene. Fig. 2 shows a layer of the rubber-asphalt mixture 5 on an asphalt or concrete road or the like 6, with small pebbles 7 distributed over it. The pumice stone is added while the mixture is still sticky and filling, and the mixture forms a firm connection with the stones.
Blandingen blir fortrinnsvis fremstilt på det sted hvor den skal brukes. Eventu-elt kan blandingen fremstilles på et annet sted og avleveres på arbeidsstedet. The mixture is preferably prepared at the place where it is to be used. If necessary, the mixture can be prepared at another location and delivered to the workplace.
Betegnelsen «lateks» som er brukt her skal omfatte dispersjoner, noen gang kalt latekser, samt naturlig og kunstig lateks. The term "latex" as used herein shall include dispersions, sometimes called latexes, as well as natural and artificial latex.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7509753A SE413169B (en) | 1975-09-02 | 1975-09-02 | DEVICE FOR INSTALLATION OF A RODFORMED ELECTRIC HEATING MEMBER AT A CONVERTOR PANEL OR SIMILAR MEDIUM LEAF SPRINGS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO762983L NO762983L (en) | 1977-03-03 |
NO143724B true NO143724B (en) | 1980-12-22 |
NO143724C NO143724C (en) | 1981-04-01 |
Family
ID=20325430
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO762983A NO143724C (en) | 1975-09-02 | 1976-08-31 | DEVICE FOR AA FITTING A HEATING ELEMENT FOR A CONVECTOR PANEL E.L. |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DK (1) | DK145070C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2323105A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO143724C (en) |
SE (1) | SE413169B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO302059B1 (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1998-01-12 | Per Wesseltoft | Electric roof heater |
ES2384724B1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2013-05-28 | Bsh Electrodomesticos España S.A. | HEATING BODY FOR A DOMESTIC APPLIANCE. |
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1975
- 1975-09-02 SE SE7509753A patent/SE413169B/en unknown
-
1976
- 1976-08-31 NO NO762983A patent/NO143724C/en unknown
- 1976-09-01 DK DK394476A patent/DK145070C/en active
- 1976-09-01 FR FR7626358A patent/FR2323105A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2323105A1 (en) | 1977-04-01 |
SE7509753L (en) | 1977-03-03 |
NO762983L (en) | 1977-03-03 |
NO143724C (en) | 1981-04-01 |
SE413169B (en) | 1980-04-21 |
DK145070C (en) | 1983-01-17 |
FR2323105B3 (en) | 1979-05-25 |
DK394476A (en) | 1977-03-03 |
DK145070B (en) | 1982-08-16 |
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