NO140392B - IR SEARCH AND FOLLOWING APPARATUS. - Google Patents
IR SEARCH AND FOLLOWING APPARATUS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO140392B NO140392B NO753830A NO753830A NO140392B NO 140392 B NO140392 B NO 140392B NO 753830 A NO753830 A NO 753830A NO 753830 A NO753830 A NO 753830A NO 140392 B NO140392 B NO 140392B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- aluminum
- seconds
- alloy
- inert gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ca] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ca] ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RGKMZNDDOBAZGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum calcium Chemical compound [Al].[Ca] RGKMZNDDOBAZGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte lor fremstilling av aluminium-calciumlegeringer. Process for the production of aluminium-calcium alloys.
Calcium-aluminium-legeringer av for-skjellig sammensetning er egnet for etter-behandling av stålsmelter for å lette ut-skillelsen av desoxydasjonsprodukter som Calcium-aluminium alloys of different composition are suitable for post-treatment of steel melts to facilitate the separation of deoxidation products such as
stammer fra den forutgående desoxydasjon originates from the previous deoxidation
og som fremdeles befinner seg i smeiten. De and which is still in the forge. The
muliggjør dessuten en siliciumfri desoxydasjon. Deres anvendelse i praksis har hittil vært hemmet av at man ikke har hatt til also enables silicon-free deoxidation. Their application in practice has so far been hampered by the fact that people have not had to
forføyning en fremstillingsprosess som er injunction a manufacturing process which is
økonomisk tilfredsstillende i stor måle-stokk. economically satisfactory on a large scale.
Det er tidligere kjent (US-patentskrift It is previously known (US patent
nr. 2 257 988) å fremstille calcium-aluminiumlegeringer ut fra CaO og aluminium no. 2 257 988) to produce calcium-aluminium alloys from CaO and aluminium
under anvendelse av meget høye temperaturer av ca. 1500° C og bruk av høyfre-kvensovner. Ved foreliggende fremgangsmåte anvendes den fremgangsmåte at det using very high temperatures of approx. 1500° C and use of high-frequency ovens. In the present method, the method is used that it
utvinnes to-stofflegeringer ved sammen-smeltning av de rene metaller. two-material alloys are obtained by fusing the pure metals together.
Fremgangsmåter av denne art er fore-slått i US-patent nr. 1 224 362 ifølge hvilket det fremstilles aluminiumlegeringer Methods of this kind are proposed in US patent no. 1,224,362 according to which aluminum alloys are produced
med en liten mengde calcium opp til 8 % with a small amount of calcium up to 8%
og til bruk for støpte metallartikler. Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører fremstilling and for use with cast metal articles. The present invention relates to manufacturing
av aluminium-calciumlegeringer som inneholder 30—50 % Ca og til bruk som des-oxydasjonsmidler, og slike legeringer kan of aluminium-calcium alloys containing 30-50% Ca and for use as deoxidising agents, and such alloys can
ikke fremstilles på den i nevnte patentskrift beskrevne måte. is not produced in the manner described in the said patent document.
Da det på grunn av det høye smeltepunkt for slike calcium-aluminiumlegeringer (ved 30—40 % Ca, resten Al) må arbei-des ved temperaturer over 1000° C, hvilket Since, due to the high melting point of such calcium-aluminium alloys (at 30-40% Ca, the rest Al) it is necessary to work at temperatures above 1000° C, which
som følge av den sterke reaksjonsevne til as a result of the strong reactivity to
calciumet respektive legeringen bevirker en betydelig forslagning og oxydasjon, har man hittil bare oppnådd utbytter på 75— 80 %, beregnet på de innførte metallmeng-der. the calcium or the respective alloy causes significant oxidation and oxidation, so far only yields of 75-80% have been achieved, calculated on the amounts of metal introduced.
Ved foreliggende fremgangsmåte fremstilles aluminium-calciumlegeringer som ' inneholder 30—50 % calcium ved sammensmelting av metallene i en forvarmet, grafittutforet induksjonsovn hvor aluminium først nedsmeltes, og denne fremgangsmåte er karakterisert ved at den totale mengde calcium i stykker av størrelse inntil 200 mm innføres i det smeltede aluminium under inert gassdekke i løpet av 60 sekunder, og at den derved dannede smelte av calcium-aluminiumlegering homogeniseres i 20—30 sekunder ved en temperatur under 1250° C og umiddelbart støpes i kokiller under inert gassdekke. In the present method, aluminum-calcium alloys are produced which contain 30-50% calcium by fusing the metals in a preheated, graphite-lined induction furnace where aluminum is first melted down, and this method is characterized by the fact that the total amount of calcium in pieces of up to 200 mm in size is introduced into the molten aluminum under an inert gas blanket within 60 seconds, and that the thereby formed melt of calcium-aluminium alloy is homogenized for 20-30 seconds at a temperature below 1250° C and immediately cast in molds under an inert gas blanket.
Overholdelsen av disse arbeidsbetin-gelser er av avgjørende betydning for opp-nåelse av det tilsiktede resultat. Før begyn-nelsen av innføringen av calciumet i det smeltede aluminium må dette foreligge i en lett flytende tilstand, dvs. oppvise en temperatur på minst 700° C. En for lav utgangstemperatur vil medføre at til tross for den sterke exotermi vil sluttlegeringens smeltepunkt ikke nåes, slik at det dannes' seigtflytende smelter som ved avtappingen vil fastsette seg skorpeaktig på digelveg-gene og på denne måte nedsette utbyttet. En etterfølgende opphetning av legeringen bør unngåes fordi det da kan inntre tap som følge av oxydasjon. Compliance with these working conditions is of crucial importance for achieving the intended result. Before the beginning of the introduction of the calcium into the molten aluminium, this must be in a slightly liquid state, i.e. exhibit a temperature of at least 700° C. An initial temperature that is too low will mean that, despite the strong exotherm, the melting point of the final alloy will not be reached , so that viscous melts are formed which, when drained, will stick to the crucible walls in a crusty manner and in this way reduce the yield. A subsequent heating of the alloy should be avoided because losses can then occur as a result of oxidation.
En for høy utgangstemperatur av aluminiumet medfører en ukontrollerbar av-brann av calciumet, hvilket vanskeliggjør innstillingen av Ca-innholdet. Da sprut fra smeiten eller legeringsrestene i digelen lett kan begynne å brenne, arbeider man fordelaktig under en dekkgass og det er her å anbefale å bruke carbondioxyd eller argon, idet nitrogen som følge av dets reaksjonsevne med calcium ikke kommer i betrakt-ning. Ved anvendelse av carbondioxyd ligger den øvre temperaturgrense ved ca. 1250° C, da calcium over denne temperatur reagerer med carbondioxyd. Too high an output temperature of the aluminum leads to an uncontrollable burning off of the calcium, which makes it difficult to set the Ca content. As spatter from the smelting or the alloy residues in the crucible can easily start to burn, it is advantageous to work under a shielding gas and it is recommended here to use carbon dioxide or argon, as nitrogen is not taken into account due to its reactivity with calcium. When using carbon dioxide, the upper temperature limit is approx. 1250° C, as calcium above this temperature reacts with carbon dioxide.
Vesentlig er altså reguleringen eller til-passingen av utgahgsvarmen med varme-tilførselen fra induksjonsovnen og lege-rings-dannelsens exotermi. Alf etter stør-relsen av sats resp. apparaturen vil de nevnte temperaturgrenser kunne forsky-ves. Essential is therefore the regulation or matching of the output heat with the heat input from the induction furnace and the exotherm of the alloy formation. Alf according to the size of the rate or the apparatus, the mentioned temperature limits will be able to be shifted.
For å beskytte den ferdige legering mot oxydasjon og nitrogenopptagelse bør tappe-prosessen, som likeledes finner sted under et dekke av inert gass, påskynnes. Dessuten bør legeringen som er tappet over i støpekokiller straks utstyres med et pas-sende stempel, hvorved forhindres en blæ-ret stivning. En på denne måte stivnet blokk er tett og eventuelt etter oppdeling ferdig til forsendelse. Som oppfangnings-kar er øser, kokiller, flate jernbeholdere (f. eks. råjernsformer) egnet. For å motvirke en utskillelse er det fordelaktig ved avtappingen å sørge for en viss grad av brå-kjøling, hvilket for eksempel kan finne sted ved hjelp av såkalte skallkokiller, to-delte støpejerns stavkokiller eller avkjølte kokiller. In order to protect the finished alloy against oxidation and nitrogen absorption, the tapping process, which also takes place under a blanket of inert gas, should be accelerated. In addition, the alloy that has been poured into casting molds should immediately be equipped with a suitable stamp, thereby preventing blistering. A block solidified in this way is dense and possibly ready for shipment after division. Ladles, molds, flat iron containers (e.g. cast iron molds) are suitable as catch vessels. In order to counteract a separation, it is advantageous during the bottling to provide a certain degree of rapid cooling, which can for example take place with the help of so-called shell molds, two-part cast iron rod molds or cooled molds.
Eksempel 1: 182 kg aluminium innføres i en på for-hånd opphetet digel som er utformet med carbonholdig materiale, aluminiumet smeltes induktivt (50 hertz) og opphetes til ca. 760° C. Etter spyling av digelen med carbondioxyd innføres 80 kg stykkformet tek-nisk calciummetall og det homogeniseres i 30 sekunder. Temperaturen stiger hurtig til ca. 1150° C. Etter utkobling av strøm-men tømmes digelinnholdet i løpet av noen få sekunder ved uttapping i en todelt støpe-jerns stavkokille. Example 1: 182 kg of aluminum is introduced into a pre-heated crucible which is designed with carbonaceous material, the aluminum is melted inductively (50 hertz) and heated to approx. 760° C. After flushing the crucible with carbon dioxide, 80 kg of piece-shaped technical calcium metal is introduced and it is homogenized for 30 seconds. The temperature rises quickly to approx. 1150° C. After switching off the power, the crucible contents are emptied within a few seconds by tapping into a two-piece cast-iron rod mold.
Den stivnede legeringsblokk har etter uttagningen en vekt på 256 kg og inneholder 30,1 % Ca samt 68,6 % Al, hvilket svarer til et utbytte på 98.1 % beregnet på Ca, resp. 96,6 % beregnet på Al. C-innholdet ligger maksikalt på 0,16 % og N-innholdet maksimalt på 0,03 %. The solidified alloy block has a weight of 256 kg after removal and contains 30.1% Ca and 68.6% Al, which corresponds to a yield of 98.1% calculated for Ca, resp. 96.6% calculated for Al. The C content is a maximum of 0.16% and the N content a maximum of 0.03%.
Eksempel 2: 4 kg aluminium innføres i en på for-hånd opphetet, rødglødende digel som er utforet med carbonholdig materiale, aluminiumet smeltes induktivt (10 000 hertz) og opphetes til 950° C. Example 2: 4 kg of aluminum is introduced into a pre-heated, red-hot crucible which is lined with carbonaceous material, the aluminum is melted inductively (10,000 hertz) and heated to 950° C.
Etter at gassdekningen er begynt inn-føres 4 kg råcalcium (98 % Ca). Temperaturen stiger til ca. 1110° C. Man homogeniserer i ca. 20 sekunder og tømmer hurtig i en støpejernskokille. After the gas coverage has begun, 4 kg of raw calcium (98% Ca) is introduced. The temperature rises to approx. 1110° C. One homogenizes for approx. 20 seconds and drains quickly in a cast iron mould.
Den stivnede blokk er fullstendig tett, The solidified block is completely dense,
veier 7,75 kg og inneholder: 48.5 % Ca (utbytte 96,0 %) 49.1 % Al (utbytte 95,2 %) 0,03 % C og 0,30 % N weighs 7.75 kg and contains: 48.5% Ca (yield 96.0%) 49.1% Al (yield 95.2%) 0.03% C and 0.30% N
Eksempel 3: 4,8 kg Al innføres på den i eksempel 2 angitte måte i digelen, smeltes induktivt (2000 hertz) og opphetes til 1020° C. Etter at gassdekningen har begynt, innføres 3,2 kg calcium (98 %), hvorved temperaturen stiger til 1120° C. Man homogeniserer i ca. 25 sekunder og går videre frem som angitt i eksempel 2. Man får 7,8 kg legering med følgende analyse verdier : 39.2 % Ca (utbytte 97,5 %) 59.6 % Al (utbytte 96,9 %) 0,06 % C og 0,03 % N. Example 3: 4.8 kg Al is introduced into the crucible in the manner specified in example 2, melted inductively (2000 hertz) and heated to 1020° C. After the gas coverage has begun, 3.2 kg calcium (98%) is introduced, whereby the temperature rises to 1120° C. One homogenizes for approx. 25 seconds and proceed as indicated in example 2. You get 7.8 kg of alloy with the following analysis values: 39.2% Ca (yield 97.5%) 59.6% Al (yield 96.9%) 0.06% C and 0.03% N.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19742454480 DE2454480C2 (en) | 1974-11-16 | 1974-11-16 | IR search and tracking device |
DE19742457760 DE2457760C2 (en) | 1974-12-06 | 1974-12-06 | IR search and tracking device |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO753830L NO753830L (en) | 1976-05-19 |
NO140392B true NO140392B (en) | 1979-05-14 |
NO140392C NO140392C (en) | 1979-08-22 |
Family
ID=25767986
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO753830A NO140392C (en) | 1974-11-16 | 1975-11-14 | IR SEARCH AND FOLLOWING APPARATUS. |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
IT (1) | IT1055668B (en) |
NO (1) | NO140392C (en) |
SE (1) | SE410232B (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-10-30 SE SE7512174A patent/SE410232B/en unknown
- 1975-11-10 IT IT6976575A patent/IT1055668B/en active
- 1975-11-14 NO NO753830A patent/NO140392C/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE7512174L (en) | 1976-05-17 |
SE410232B (en) | 1979-10-01 |
IT1055668B (en) | 1982-01-11 |
NO140392C (en) | 1979-08-22 |
NO753830L (en) | 1976-05-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108060289A (en) | A kind of temperature-compensating refinery practice of RH refining furnaces production IF steel | |
NO742347L (en) | ||
CN105344949B (en) | A kind of manufacture of iron and steel by melting molds new technology | |
NO140392B (en) | IR SEARCH AND FOLLOWING APPARATUS. | |
CN107058769B (en) | A kind of preparation method of ZL105A aluminium alloy | |
CN106435293B (en) | The method for preparing alsimay | |
US2930690A (en) | Production of aluminum containing iron base alloys | |
US3875990A (en) | Methods of producing large steel ingots | |
WO2003035917A3 (en) | Method for processing magnesium containing scrap by melting in a vacuum furnace | |
CN107312965A (en) | A kind of method of smelting of alloy Investment Steel Castings | |
CN108913900B (en) | Method for preparing ZL104 alloy from waste aluminum liquid recovered from casting shop ash | |
CN100365136C (en) | Method and apparatus for delivering metallurgically improved molten metal | |
JPH06212231A (en) | Production of cat iron | |
US3224887A (en) | Slag composition for fluid mold casting | |
CN106191481A (en) | A kind of molten-salt growth method produces the preparation technology of aluminum-vanadium alloy | |
RU2035520C1 (en) | Method for production of magnesium-calcium alloys | |
US2912731A (en) | Method for casting group iv metals | |
US733957A (en) | Process of manufacturing homogeneous metal castings. | |
US3063831A (en) | Method of making titaniumcontaining alloys | |
US2621119A (en) | Stainless steel melting process | |
US3736127A (en) | Method of treating and handling molten metal | |
RU2154691C1 (en) | Method of production of crude enriched uranium | |
SU1638177A1 (en) | Method of producing ingots | |
SU1678846A1 (en) | Method of production cast iron in electric-arc furnaces | |
US4150979A (en) | Method of continuous production of nodular cast iron |