NO134865B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO134865B
NO134865B NO741022A NO741022A NO134865B NO 134865 B NO134865 B NO 134865B NO 741022 A NO741022 A NO 741022A NO 741022 A NO741022 A NO 741022A NO 134865 B NO134865 B NO 134865B
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
fibers
tile
approx
chip
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
NO741022A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO134865C (en
Inventor
F Jacquemin
R Terneu
J-P Voiturier
Original Assignee
Glaverbel
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Publication date
Application filed by Glaverbel filed Critical Glaverbel
Publication of NO134865B publication Critical patent/NO134865B/no
Publication of NO134865C publication Critical patent/NO134865C/no

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/28Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10064Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising at least two glass sheets, only one of which being an outer layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137Chemical strengthening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10311Intumescent layers for fire protection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/306Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/026Porous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/724Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242Non-permeable
    • B32B2307/7244Oxygen barrier
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2329/00Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
    • B32B2329/06PVB, i.e. polyinylbutyral
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2375/00Polyureas; Polyurethanes

Description

Tørr fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av tref ibre egnet for fremstilling av fiberplater. Dry process for the production of fiber suitable for the production of fibreboard.

Denne oppfinnelse angår fremstilling av trefibre egnet til fremstilling av fiberplater. This invention relates to the production of wood fibers suitable for the production of fiber boards.

Det er blitt utviklet mange forskjellige fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av plater ved oppdeling av tre eller andre lignocellulosematerialer .til fine partikler, forming av en matte av slike partikler og konsolidering av matten til en hård plate ved anvendelse av varme og trykk. Stort sett kan disse metoder inndeles i tre kate-gorier, nemlig våtmetoder, våt-tørr-metoder og tørrmetoder. Many different methods have been developed for the manufacture of boards by dividing wood or other lignocellulosic materials into fine particles, forming a mat of such particles and consolidating the mat into a hard board by the application of heat and pressure. Broadly speaking, these methods can be divided into three categories, namely wet methods, wet-dry methods and dry methods.

I våtmetoden fremstilles det en vandig In the wet method, an aqueous is produced

fibersuspensjon som formes til en tykk matte omtrent på samme måte som ved vanlig papirfabrikasjon, hvoretter matten presses. fiber suspension that is formed into a thick mat in much the same way as in normal paper manufacturing, after which the mat is pressed.

I våt-tørr-metoden fremstilles det en In the wet-dry method, a

våt masse på lignende måte som i våtmetoden, men i stedet for å bli presset i våt tilstand, blir matten tørket før den presses til et produkt som til å begynne med er en plate som har liten tetthet, som vanlige isolerende plater; denne plate av liten tetthet blir deretter i tørr tilstand utsatt for varme og trykk for å øke dens tetthet. wet pulp in a similar way to the wet method, but instead of being pressed in a wet state, the mat is dried before being pressed into a product that is initially a board of low density, like ordinary insulating boards; this plate of low density is then, in the dry state, subjected to heat and pressure to increase its density.

I tørrprosessen dannes det aldri noen In the dry process, none is ever formed

vandig suspensjon, men fibrene er dog ikke tørre i den forstand at de ikke inne-holder noen fuktighet. Fuktighetsinnhol-det 1 fibrene har variert fra 5 pst. eller mindrri til over 100 pst. beregnet på fibrenes tørrvekt. Uttrykket «tørr-metode» antyder at de fuktige fibrene transporteres i en aqueous suspension, but the fibers are not dry in the sense that they do not contain any moisture. The moisture content of the fibers has varied from 5 per cent or less to over 100 per cent calculated on the dry weight of the fibres. The term "dry method" suggests that the moist fibers are transported in a

gassformig bærer i stedet for i en væske, og formes til en matte søm i fremdeles fuk-til tilstand konsolideres til en plate ved anvendelse av varme og trykk. gaseous carrier rather than in a liquid, and is formed into a matte seam while still wet until consolidated into a plate by the application of heat and pressure.

I alle de tre ovennevnte metoder er fibrene vanlig blitt fremstilt ved å be-handle treflis med vanndamp under et så stort trykk og i så lang tid at flisen deretter lett 'kan defibreres i en raffinør. Som kjemt dannes det imidlertid ved slik behandling av flis med vanndamp vannopp-løselige stoffer, hovedsakelig polysakkari-det Mengden av vannoppløselige stoffer som dannes avhenger av dampetiden og -trykket. Hvis disse vannoppløselige stoffer får forbli i fibrene i noen vesentlig mengde, vil de ferdige plater ha liten motstandsevne mot absorpsjon av fuktighet. De vannoppløselige stoffer virker øyensyn-lig som et slags fuktemiddel og øker dermed platens tilbøyelighet til å absorbere fuktighet. Videre vil store mengder av vannoppløselige stoffer gi flekker i den ferdige plates overflate og under visse varmepresseoperasjoner kunne stoppe igjen presseutstyret. I våt- og våt-tørr-metodene blir flisen dampet i forholdsvis lang tid og ved forholdsvis høyt trykk, så det dannes forholdsvis meget av vannoppløselige stoffer som da fjernes ved vaskeoperasjo-ner. I tørrmetoden er vasketrinn ikke øn-skelig og det foretrekkes derfor at dampetiden er kortest og damptrykket lavest mulig, for at dannelsen av vannoppløselige stoffer skal bli minst mulig. In all three of the above-mentioned methods, the fibers have usually been produced by treating wood chips with water vapor under such great pressure and for such a long time that the chips can then easily be defibrated in a refiner. As combed, water-soluble substances, mainly polysaccharides, are formed during this treatment of chips with steam. The amount of water-soluble substances that are formed depends on the steam time and pressure. If these water-soluble substances are allowed to remain in the fibers in any significant quantity, the finished boards will have little resistance to the absorption of moisture. The water-soluble substances visibly act as a kind of wetting agent and thus increase the board's tendency to absorb moisture. Furthermore, large amounts of water-soluble substances will stain the surface of the finished plate and during certain heat press operations could stop the press equipment. In the wet and wet-dry methods, the tile is steamed for a relatively long time and at relatively high pressure, so a relatively large amount of water-soluble substances are formed, which are then removed during washing operations. In the dry method, a washing step is not desirable and it is therefore preferred that the steaming time is as short and the steam pressure as low as possible, in order to minimize the formation of water-soluble substances.

Ved sådan begrenset damping forblir imidlertid flisen så hård og seig at defibrering ved hjelp av hittil kjent teknikk har gitt fibre av dårlig kvalitet. Hårdplater som fremstilles av slike fibre har forholdsvis liten styrke og liten motstandsevne mot absorpsjon av fuktighet og derav følgende utvidelse. For til en viss grad å kompensere den dårlige fiberkvalitet er det blitt anvendt prosentvis store mengder av har-piksblandinger. Okes kokingen for å bedre kvaliteten av fibre som kan fremstilles ved vanlig defibreringsteknikk, dannes det altfor meget vannoppløselig stoff som må fjernes, hvilket koster tid og penger, og dessuten blir utbyttet mindre da de vann-oppløselige stoffer går -tapt. With such limited steaming, however, the tile remains so hard and tough that defibration using previously known techniques has produced fibers of poor quality. Hardboards made from such fibers have relatively little strength and little resistance to absorption of moisture and consequent expansion. In order to compensate to some extent for the poor fiber quality, large percentages of resin mixtures have been used. If the boiling is done to improve the quality of fibers that can be produced by conventional defibration techniques, far too much water-soluble matter is formed which must be removed, which costs time and money, and furthermore the yield is reduced as the water-soluble matters are lost.

Disse ulemper søkes unngått ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse, hvor det ikke dannes meget vannoppløselig stoff. These disadvantages are sought to be avoided by the present invention, where not much water-soluble substance is formed.

Flisen dampes på kjent måte så meget at den myknes, men utilstrekkelig til at det dannes meget vannoppløselig stoff og utilstrekkelig til at den lett kan defibreres ved vanlig defibreringsteknikk. The tile is steamed in a known manner to such an extent that it softens, but insufficiently so that a very water-soluble substance is formed and insufficiently enough so that it can be easily defibrated by ordinary defibrating techniques.

Oppfinnelsen angår således en tørr fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av trefibre egnet for fremstilling av fiberplater, hvorunder treflis først behandles med en atmosfære av damp ved trykk fra ca. 1,75 til ca. 7,0 kg/cm<2> og i et tidsrom fra ca. 1—6 min., idet de forholdsvis lavere trykk i det angitte område anvendes for de forholdsvis lengre tider, o<g det anvendes progressivt høyere trykk • og tilsvarende kortere tidsperioder for å mykgjøre flisen, og idet behandlingen med damp avsluttes før dannelse av mer enn ca. 5 pst. vannopp-løselige stoffer fra bestanddeler i flisen, eijk at fibrene i flisen etterlates sterkt klebende til hverandre, og det karakteristiske fer oppfinnelsen er at den slik mykgjorte flis uten ytterligere tilførsel av damp underkastes en i det vesentlige ikke deflbrer-ende overtrykksbearbeiding ved å presse den gjennom et gradvis avtagende rom i en skrupresse for å tilberede flisen for defibrering, hvoretter, etterat trykket er blitt opphevet, den skrupressebearbeidede flis overføres til en defibrator hvor den' på kjent måte underkastes en mekanisk maling for å defibrere flisen. The invention thus relates to a dry process for the production of wood fibers suitable for the production of fiber boards, during which wood chips are first treated with an atmosphere of steam at pressure from approx. 1.75 to approx. 7.0 kg/cm<2> and in a period from approx. 1-6 min., with the relatively lower pressures in the specified range being used for the relatively longer times, and progressively higher pressures and correspondingly shorter time periods being used to soften the tile, and with the treatment with steam ending before the formation of more than approx. 5 percent water-soluble substances from components in the tile, i.e. that the fibers in the tile are left strongly adhesive to each other, and the characteristic feature of the invention is that the thus softened tile is subjected to an essentially non-deflating overpressure treatment without additional supply of steam pressing it through a gradually decreasing space in a screw press to prepare the chip for defibration, after which, after the pressure has been released, the screw press processed chip is transferred to a defibrator where it is subjected to a mechanical grind in a known manner to defibrate the chip.

I fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan det anvendes mange forskjellige arter av lignocellulosematerialer, deriblant konifere arter som f. eks. furu, ceder, hamlock og douglasfuru eller løv-fellende arter som hickory, eik, bøk, bjerk cg lønn. In the method according to the invention, many different types of lignocellulosic materials can be used, including coniferous species such as e.g. pine, cedar, hamlock and Douglas fir or deciduous species such as hickory, oak, beech, birch and maple.

Oppfinnelsen skal bli nærmere forklart i forbindelse med tegningene: The invention shall be explained in more detail in connection with the drawings:

Fig. 1 viser-skjematisk dampe- og de-fibreringsapparatets arrangement. Fig. 2 viser et snitt gjennom en ut-førelsesform av en skrue presse. Fig. 3 er et snitt som viser arrange-mentet av trommelstaver i pressekamme-ret av skruepressen i fig. 2. Fig. 4 viser et partielt snitt gjennom en modifisert utførelsesform av skruepressen, og Fig. 1 shows schematically the arrangement of the steam and de-fibrating apparatus. Fig. 2 shows a section through an embodiment of a screw press. Fig. 3 is a section showing the arrangement of drum rods in the press chamber of the screw press in fig. 2. Fig. 4 shows a partial section through a modified embodiment of the screw press, and

fig. 5 viser et snitt gjennom raffinøren. For fremstilling av trefibre i henhold til oppfinnelsen føres trestokker gjennom en fliskutter av den art som vanligvis anvendes når det skal fabrikeres papir. En transportør 11 fører flisen til siloer 12. Uttrykket «flis» anvendes her for å be-tegne fragmenter som har en hvilken som helst form. Fra siloene 12 føres flisen ved hjelp av et endeløst belte 13 til et nedre kammer 14, fra hvilket den går inn i en elevator 15 til en overliggende silo 16. Fra denne blir flisen i regulerte mengder ført gjennom ventiler 18 inn i beholderen 19 hvor flisen behandles med damp. Det kan anvendes en hvilken som helst egnet be-holder. fig. 5 shows a section through the refiner. For the production of wood fibers according to the invention, logs are passed through a wood chipper of the type usually used when paper is to be manufactured. A conveyor 11 takes the chips to silos 12. The term "chips" is used here to denote fragments that have any shape. From the silos 12, the chips are conveyed by means of an endless belt 13 to a lower chamber 14, from which they enter an elevator 15 to an overlying silo 16. From this, the chips are fed in regulated quantities through valves 18 into the container 19 where the chips treated with steam. Any suitable container can be used.

Det er viktig at de vannoppløselige stoffer som dannes ved dampbehandlingen i'kke er tilstrekkelige til a-t den endelige fiberplate skal ha for stor absorpsjons-evne for vann eller ha en flekket overflate eller til at pressutstyret tilstoppes mens noen av presseoperasjonene foregår. Meget gode plater kan fremstilles når dampetiden og -trykket ikke er større enn at det dannes 5 pst. vannoppløselige stoffer, beregnet på fibrenes tørrvekt. Den mengde vannoppløselige stoffer som dannes under gitte dampetoetingelser vil avhenge av hvilke spesielle tresorter som behandles. Det har vist seg at for de fleste hårde tre-sorters vedkommende dannes det ikke over ca. 5 pst. vannoppløselige- stoffer når flisen dampes i ca. 1—6 minutter ved et trykk på ca. 1,75—3,5 kg/cm<2>. Innenfor dette område kan det anvendes de forholdsvis lavere trykk i forholdsvis lengere tidsom-råder, og det anvendte trykk økes hvis tiden minskes tilsvarende. De forholdsvis høye trykk anvendes altså i forholdsvis kortere tidsperioder. Det kan anvendes så høye trykk som 7 kg/cm<2> eller endog større, hvis dampetiden nedsettes tilsvarende, for at dannelsen av vannoppløselige stoffer skal bli minst mulig. Det har imidlertid vist seg at hvis flisen underkastes- en slik begrenset dampbehandling, blir den nok myknet noe, men ikke så meget at den er. egnet til defibrering til fibre av god kvalitet ved de hittil kjente defibrerings-operasjoner. It is important that the water-soluble substances formed during the steam treatment are not sufficient for the final fiber board to have too great an absorption capacity for water or to have a stained surface or for the pressing equipment to become clogged while some of the pressing operations are taking place. Very good sheets can be produced when the steaming time and pressure are not greater than 5 per cent water-soluble substances are formed, calculated on the dry weight of the fibres. The amount of water-soluble substances that are formed under given steam conditions will depend on which particular types of wood are treated. It has been shown that for most hard wood species it does not form above approx. 5 percent water-soluble substances when the tile is steamed for approx. 1-6 minutes at a pressure of approx. 1.75—3.5 kg/cm<2>. Within this range, relatively lower pressures can be used for relatively longer periods of time, and the pressure used is increased if the time is reduced accordingly. The relatively high pressures are therefore used for relatively short periods of time. Pressures as high as 7 kg/cm<2> or even greater can be used, if the steaming time is reduced accordingly, in order to minimize the formation of water-soluble substances. However, it has been shown that if the tile is subjected to such a limited steam treatment, it will probably be softened somewhat, but not so much that it is. suitable for defibrating into fibers of good quality by the previously known defibrating operations.

Den dampede flis føres gjennom en ventil 21 til en transportør 22. En del av flisen i transportøren 22 ledes inn i skrue-transportører som fører flisen til skrue-presser 25 og derfra til raffinøren 26. Et lite overskudd av flis returneres til kammeret 14. The steamed chips are led through a valve 21 to a conveyor 22. Part of the chips in the conveyor 22 are led into screw conveyors which take the chips to screw presses 25 and from there to the refiner 26. A small surplus of chips is returned to the chamber 14.

Den i henhold til fig. 2 anvendte skruepresse 25 er et vanlig apparat, soim her bare blir vist og beskrevet i tilstrekkelig grad til at dets anvendelse i forbindelse med oppfinnelsen kan forstås. Dette apparat har en horisontal inngangstranspor-tør 30, en vertikal presseseksjon 27, en horisontal presseseksjon 28, en innsnevring 29 og et utløp 31. Til atskillelse fra andre prosesser tilsettes det ikke damp til flisen under komprimeringen av denne i skruepressen. The according to fig. 2 used screw press 25 is a common device, soim here is only shown and described to a sufficient extent so that its use in connection with the invention can be understood. This apparatus has a horizontal input conveyor 30, a vertical press section 27, a horizontal press section 28, a constriction 29 and an outlet 31. To distinguish it from other processes, no steam is added to the chip during its compression in the screw press.

Den vertikale presseseksjon 27 har en skrue 50 som drives av en elektrisk motor 33. Skruen 50 har mange avbrudte skru-vindinger, atskilt ved mellomrom 40. Inne i iallfall noen av mellomrommene rager det inn knaster 32 som bryter opp massen og hindrer at denne roterer sammen med skruen. The vertical press section 27 has a screw 50 which is driven by an electric motor 33. The screw 50 has many interrupted screw turns, separated by spaces 40. Inside at least some of the spaces, knobs 32 protrude which break up the mass and prevent it from rotating together with the screw.

I den horisontale presseseksjon 28 er det anbragt en annen skrue 34, som drives av en motor 35. Denne skrue 34 har også et stort antall korte skruevlndinger 36 som er atskilt av mellomrom 37, inn i hvilke det rager brytestaver 38 som bryter opp massen og hindrer at denne roterer sammen med skruer. Sylindriske tromler 41 og 42 omgir skruene 50 resp. 34. Innerveggene av den ene eller begge tromlene er utstyrt med en hel del radielle trommelstaver 43, som vist i fig. 3. Innerflaten av hver stav 43 skråner i en vinkel på ca. 7° i forhold til tangenten til den sirkulære trom-mel, så det rundt trommelens omkrets dannes en rekke rygger som øker den behandling som flisen utsettes for. Flisen går ut fra den horisontale presseseksjon 28 sjennom innsnevringen 29 som kan regu-leres for å regulere pressetrykket. In the horizontal press section 28, another screw 34 is arranged, which is driven by a motor 35. This screw 34 also has a large number of short screw windings 36 which are separated by spaces 37, into which break rods 38 project which break up the mass and prevents this from rotating together with screws. Cylindrical drums 41 and 42 surround the screws 50 and 34. The inner walls of one or both drums are equipped with a number of radial drum rods 43, as shown in fig. 3. The inner surface of each rod 43 slopes at an angle of approx. 7° in relation to the tangent of the circular drum, so that a series of ridges are formed around the circumference of the drum, which increases the treatment to which the tile is subjected. The tile exits from the horizontal press section 28 through the constriction 29 which can be regulated to regulate the press pressure.

Den dampede flis går inn i transportø-ren 30 og blir deretter ført gjennom den vertikale presseseksjon 27 og den horisontale presseseksjon 28 og avleveres gjennom innsnevringen 29. Flis som bare er blitt utsatt for en begrenset dampbehandling og derfor er forholdsvis seig, blir utsatt for en overordentlig sterk bearbeidelse og trykk i skruepressen. Et mål for den foretrukne størrelse av sådan bearbeidelse resp. trykk fremgår derav at det i apparatet anvendes ca. 11—13 hk/tonn/dag. I andre skrue-presser kan imidlertid den arbeidsmengde som kreves for å gjøre flisen egnet for tilfredsstillende defibrering i raffinøren være større eller mindre enn nevnt, avhengig av egenskapene hos den apparatur som anvendes. The steamed chips enter the conveyor 30 and are then led through the vertical press section 27 and the horizontal press section 28 and delivered through the constriction 29. Chips which have only been subjected to a limited steam treatment and are therefore relatively tough, are subjected to a extremely strong processing and pressure in the screw press. A measure of the preferred size of such processing resp. pressure, it follows that the device uses approx. 11—13 hp/tonne/day. In other screw presses, however, the amount of work required to make the chips suitable for satisfactory defibration in the refiner can be greater or less than mentioned, depending on the characteristics of the equipment used.

Fig. 4 viser en alternativ form av en skruepresse som kan anvendes. Den der viste skruepresse er konvensjonell og bare vist og beskrevet i den utstrekning som er nødvendig for fullstendig forståelse av dens anvendelse. Flisen innføres gjennom innløpet 43 og føres gjennom kompresjons-kammeret 44 ved hjelp av en skrue 45 som har en flerhet av atskilte skruevlndinger. Disse skruevlndinger sitter på en aksel 47 som er utstyrt med en flerhet av ribber 48 og hvis diameter tiltar i retning mot kompresjonskammerets utløpsende, slik at materialmassen utsettes for økende bearbeidelse og trykk ettersom den passerer gjennom kammeret. Et innsnevret strupe-parti 49 øker (trykket som utøves på massen. Massen trer ut gjennom et utløp 51. Flisen blir her utsatt for et enormt trykk. Fig. 4 shows an alternative form of a screw press that can be used. The screw press shown therein is conventional and only shown and described to the extent necessary for a complete understanding of its use. The tile is introduced through the inlet 43 and is guided through the compression chamber 44 by means of a screw 45 which has a plurality of separate screw turns. These screw windings sit on a shaft 47 which is equipped with a plurality of ribs 48 and whose diameter increases in the direction towards the outlet end of the compression chamber, so that the mass of material is subjected to increasing processing and pressure as it passes through the chamber. A narrowed throat portion 49 increases (the pressure exerted on the pulp. The pulp exits through an outlet 51. The tile is here exposed to enormous pressure.

Det kan naturligvis anvendes andre former av skruer, sylindere, osv. enn de isorn er vist på tegningene. Generelt er konstruksjoner som vil utøve en forsterket bearbeidelse av flisen fordelaktig. It is of course possible to use other forms of screws, cylinders, etc. than those shown in the drawings. In general, constructions that will exert a reinforced processing of the tile are advantageous.

Etter behandlingen i skruepressen fø-res den myknede og løsgjorte flis på vanlig måte inn i en raffinør 26, som vist skjematisk i fig. 1, og mere detaljert i fig. 5. Raffinøren har et hus 52 med flisinnløp 53 og fiberutløp 54. I huset er det tett ved hverandre anbragt et par vanlige maleskiver 55, 56, som roterer i motsatte retninger og som maler massen mellom seg. Skiven 55 sitter på en aksel 57 som drives av en motor 58, og skiven 56 sitter på en aksel 59 sem drives av en motor 61. Denne raffi-nør deler opp massen til enkeltfibre resp. åpnede aggregater av enkeltfibre, dvs. løse ansamlinger av noen få enkeltfibre. After processing in the screw press, the softened and loosened chip is fed in the usual way into a refiner 26, as shown schematically in fig. 1, and in more detail in fig. 5. The refiner has a housing 52 with chip inlet 53 and fiber outlet 54. In the housing, a pair of normal grinding discs 55, 56 are placed close to each other, which rotate in opposite directions and grind the mass between them. The disc 55 sits on a shaft 57 which is driven by a motor 58, and the disc 56 sits on a shaft 59 which is driven by a motor 61. This refiner divides the mass into individual fibers or opened aggregates of single fibres, i.e. loose accumulations of a few single fibres.

Det skal nå beskrives den modifikasjon av en raffinørsom patenthaveme har fremstilt. Hvis det ønskes kan et harpiksbindemiddel innføres i raffinøren og blandes med flisen under raffineringsoperasjonen. Harpiksen innføres direkte i maleområdet mellom skivene 55 og 56 gjennom en boring 62, som forløper i lengderetningen gjennom akse-len 59. Harpiksen tilføres fra en ledning 63 som er forbundet med åpningen 62 ved hjelp av en dreibar skjøt 64. I en vanlig raffinør, som ikke har noen boring 62, må harpiksen innføres gjennom flisinnløpet 53, og har tilbøyelighet til å samle seg på flat-ene inn i raffinørhuset. I enkelte områder inne i raffinøren samler harpiksen seg mellom bevegede deler og opphetes så meget at den herdner. Den herdede harpiks blir ofte antent på grunn av friksjon mellom metalldeler. Ved innføringen gjennom åpningen 62 hindres eller nedsettes sådan an-samling av harpiks i huset. The modification of a refiner which the patent holder has produced will now be described. If desired, a resin binder can be introduced into the refiner and mixed with the chips during the refining operation. The resin is introduced directly into the grinding area between the disks 55 and 56 through a bore 62, which extends longitudinally through the shaft 59. The resin is supplied from a line 63 which is connected to the opening 62 by means of a rotatable joint 64. In a conventional refiner, which has no bore 62, the resin must be introduced through the chip inlet 53, and tends to collect on the flats into the refiner housing. In certain areas inside the refiner, the resin collects between moving parts and heats up so much that it hardens. The hardened resin often ignites due to friction between metal parts. During the introduction through the opening 62, such accumulation of resin in the housing is prevented or reduced.

Fra raffinøren føres fibrene gjennom ledninger 65 til videre bearbeidelse, deriblant et filtetrinn, i strømmer av varm luft eller annen gass, som også tørker fibrene så de får et ønsket innhold av fuktighet fortrinnsvis 8—12 pst. beregnet på tørr-fibervekten. From the refiner, the fibers are passed through lines 65 for further processing, including a felting stage, in streams of hot air or other gas, which also dries the fibers so that they have a desired moisture content, preferably 8-12 per cent calculated on the dry fiber weight.

Før fibrene filtes til en matte blir de etter ønske klassifisert, tilblandet harpiksbindemiddel, osv., alt etter hva som ønskes. I et typisk utførelseseksempel blir fibrene ført til sykloner hvor en ønsket mengde luft trekkes bort. Fra syklonene føres de halvtørre fibre til en klassifiserer hvor de adskilles i fine og grove bestanddeler, som i filteapparatet avsettes i forskjellige lag i matten. Hvis det skal anvendes forskjellige typer eller prosentvise mengder av harpiks i de forskjellige lag, kan harpiksen set-tes særskilt til de grove og til de fine fibre etter klassifiseringen, i stedet for i raffi-nørene. Harpiksmengden utgjør fortrinnsvis ca. 0,5—10 pst. Dessuten kan det tilsettes et vannfrastøtende stoff, f. eks. voks, i en mengde av ca. 0,5—4 pst. Vokset tilsettes etter behandlingen i skruepressen. Alle prosenter er basert på tørrfibervekten. Before the fibers are felted into a mat, they are classified as desired, mixed with resin binder, etc., depending on what is desired. In a typical design example, the fibers are taken to cyclones where a desired amount of air is drawn away. From the cyclones, the semi-dry fibers are taken to a classifier where they are separated into fine and coarse components, which are deposited in different layers in the mat in the felt apparatus. If different types or percentage amounts of resin are to be used in the different layers, the resin can be added separately to the coarse and to the fine fibers after classification, instead of in the refiners. The amount of resin preferably amounts to approx. 0.5-10 per cent. In addition, a water-repellent substance can be added, e.g. wax, in an amount of approx. 0.5-4 per cent. The wax is added after processing in the screw press. All percentages are based on dry fiber weight.

Etter tørking, klassifisering og tiltolan-ding av harpiks og voks transporteres fibrene ved hjelp av luft til et filteapparat. After drying, classification and tolling of resin and wax, the fibers are transported by air to a felt apparatus.

I en typisk filteoperasjon blåses fibrene ned på et bevegelig, perforert belte så det dannes en av flere lag bestående matte med grove fibre i de midtre lag og fine fibre i det ene eller begge ytterlag. Alternativt kan det fremstilles en av ett enkelt lag bestående matte, og det behøves da ingen for-utgående klassifisering av fibrene. In a typical felting operation, the fibers are blown down onto a moving, perforated belt so that a mat consisting of several layers is formed with coarse fibers in the middle layers and fine fibers in one or both outer layers. Alternatively, a mat consisting of a single layer can be produced, and no preliminary classification of the fibers is then required.

Matten kan for-komprimeres så den blir selvbærende og deretter anbringes i en hydraulisk presse mellom et par glatte, opp-hetede formpresseplater for sluttbehand-ling. Det anvendes tilstrekkelig temperatur og trykk til at harpiksen herdner og at matten konsolideres til en fiberplate som har den ønskede spesifikke vekt, f. eks. ca. 0,8—1,2. The mat can be pre-compressed so that it becomes self-supporting and then placed in a hydraulic press between a pair of smooth, heated mold press plates for finishing. Sufficient temperature and pressure are used for the resin to harden and for the mat to consolidate into a fiberboard having the desired specific weight, e.g. about. 0.8—1.2.

Det har vist seg at fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen gir plater som utmerker seg ved stor styrke og stor motstandsevne met absorpsj on av fuktighet og som er prak-tisk talt fri for blemmer og flekker. Disse gode egenskaper skyldes den gode kvalitet av de fremstilte fibre og at det ikke dannes noen stor mengde vannoppløselige stoffer under den begrensede dampbehandling; det behøves derfor ikke å fjernes store mengder vannoppløselig stoff, hvilket ville være tidsspillende, dyrt og nedsette utbyttet. Tapet i form av vannoppløselige stoffer er ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen fortrinnsvis ikke over 2 pst., beregnet på tørrfibervekten. It has been shown that the method according to the invention produces sheets which are distinguished by great strength and great resistance to the absorption of moisture and which are practically free of blisters and stains. These good properties are due to the good quality of the manufactured fibers and the fact that no large amount of water-soluble substances are formed during the limited steam treatment; there is therefore no need to remove large amounts of water-soluble material, which would be time-consuming, expensive and reduce the yield. In the method according to the invention, the loss in the form of water-soluble substances is preferably not more than 2 per cent, calculated on the dry fiber weight.

I de kjente kjemiske metoder for fremstilling av papir blir flisen vanligvis dampet i meget lengere tid og ved meget høyere trykk enn i den foreliggende fremgangsmåte. Slik kraftig damping mykner flisen så meget at tilfredsstillende def ibrering kan foregå enten i bare en skruepresse eller bare en raffinør. I slike fremgangsmåter ville altså behandling i en skruepresse i tillegg til raffinering ha forholdsvis liten eller ingen innflytelse på sluttproduktets styrke eller motstandsevne mot fuktighet. Men i slike prosesser dannes det store mengder av vannoppløselige stoffer og det opptrer de dermed følgende ulemper. In the known chemical methods for producing paper, the chip is usually steamed for a much longer time and at a much higher pressure than in the present method. Such vigorous steaming softens the chip so much that satisfactory def ibration can take place either in just a screw press or just a refiner. In such methods, treatment in a screw press in addition to refining would therefore have relatively little or no influence on the final product's strength or resistance to moisture. But in such processes, large quantities of water-soluble substances are formed and the following disadvantages occur.

Det har vist seg at skruepressen be-virker liten eller iallfall ufullstendig oppdeling av seig flis til fibre. Skruepressens funksjon er å løsne opp flisen, ikke å de-fibrére den. Defibreringen foregår i raffi-nøren. Fibrene i flis som bare er blitt dampet så lite at det ikke dannes noen særlige mengder av vannoppløselige stoffer, er så stive og henger så kraftig sammen, at hvis man sløyfer den første behandling i en skruepresse, vil skivene i raffinøren (1) ha tilbøyelighet til å minske størrelsen av tre-partiklene uten å bevirke god adskillelse av fibrene og (2) beskadige de stive fibre som adskilles. Men hvis slik lett dampet flis først underkastes høyt trykk og behandling i en skruepresse, myknes fibrene og bindin-gen mellom dem løsnes så meget at den etterfølgende raffinering deler flisen opp i utoeskadigede enkelt-fibre og åpne aggregater av enkeltfibre. Oppfinnelsen er dog ikke avhengig av at denne teoretiske for-klaring er helt korrekt. It has been shown that the screw press causes little or at least incomplete division of tough chips into fibres. The function of the screw press is to loosen the tile, not to de-fibrate it. The defibration takes place in the raffiner. The fibers in chips which have been steamed so little that no particular amounts of water-soluble substances are formed are so stiff and so tightly bound together that if one loops the first treatment in a screw press, the discs in the refiner (1) will tend to reduce the size of the wood particles without effecting good separation of the fibers and (2) damaging the stiff fibers that are separated. But if such lightly steamed chips are first subjected to high pressure and treatment in a screw press, the fibers soften and the bond between them loosens so much that the subsequent refining splits the chips into undamaged individual fibers and open aggregates of individual fibers. However, the invention is not dependent on this theoretical explanation being completely correct.

Forsøk har vist, at når flisen underkastes en viss mengde bearbeidelse i den kombinerte skruepresse- og raffinerlngs-operasjon, blir egenskapene hos den tilslutt erholdte hårdpressede plate bedre hvis man øker den prosentvise mengde av det i skruepressen utførte arbeide. Grunnen synes å være den, at en økning av bearbeidelsen i skruepressen forbedrer både styrken og motstandsevnen mot vann-absorpsjon hos sluttproduktet, mens en økning av finheten ved malingen i raffinøren, uten anvendelse av skruepresse, ikke gir noen vesentlig økning av sluttproduktets styrke, unntatt over et meget begrenset område av malebetin-geisene. Det er betegnende at en økning av malefinheten i raffinøren etter pressing i en skruepresse øker sluttproduktets styrke langt mere enn en tilsvarende økning av malefinheten hvis flisen ikke er blitt først behandlet i en skruepresse. Experiments have shown that when the chip is subjected to a certain amount of processing in the combined screw press and refining operation, the properties of the finally obtained hard pressed plate are improved if the percentage amount of the work performed in the screw press is increased. The reason seems to be that an increase in processing in the screw press improves both the strength and resistance to water absorption of the final product, while an increase in the fineness of the paint in the refiner, without the use of a screw press, does not give any significant increase in the strength of the final product, except over a very limited area of the malebetin geysers. It is significant that an increase in the grinding fineness in the refiner after pressing in a screw press increases the strength of the final product far more than a corresponding increase in the grinding fineness if the chip has not been first processed in a screw press.

Skruepressen har også den virkning at den fjerner noe fuktighet fra flisen, og at derfor en del av de små mengder vannopp-løselig stoff som måtte være dannet ved dampbehandlingen føres bort med vannet som flyter bort fra pressen. Denne fjernelse av vannoppløselig stoff øker sluttproduktets styrke, men minsker naturligvis utbyttet. Det har også vist seg at både sluttproduktets motstandsevne mot absorpsjon av vann og dets styrke kan økes noe ved at man tilsetter vann til massen som skal dampbehandles, slik at flisens vanninnhold blir større, og mere vann, og dermed vann-oppløselige stoffer, fjernes i skruepressen. Men da mengden av vannoppløselige stoffer som dannes ved den begrensede dampbehandling, som anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, er forholdsvis liten, er de forhold som måtte oppnås ved fjernelsen av vannopp-løselige stoffer i skruepressen avgjort av sekundær betydning i forhold til de fordeler som skriver seg fra den forbedrede fiberkvalitet som fås når den forholdsvis seige flis fra dampbehandlingen behandles i en skruepresse før den behandles i raffinøren. The screw press also has the effect of removing some moisture from the tile, and therefore part of the small amounts of water-soluble material that may have been formed during the steam treatment is carried away with the water that flows away from the press. This removal of water-soluble matter increases the strength of the final product, but naturally reduces the yield. It has also been shown that both the final product's resistance to absorption of water and its strength can be increased somewhat by adding water to the mass to be steam treated, so that the water content of the tile becomes greater, and more water, and thus water-soluble substances, are removed in the screw press. But since the amount of water-soluble substances formed by the limited steam treatment, which is used according to the invention, is relatively small, the conditions that had to be achieved during the removal of water-soluble substances in the screw press are decidedly of secondary importance in relation to the advantages that arise from the improved fiber quality obtained when the relatively tough chips from the steam treatment are processed in a screw press before being processed in the refiner.

Oppfinnelsen skaffer en fremgangsmåte hvor en begrenset dampbehandling lar det meste av lignocellulosematerialene forbli i flisen, og hvor det dannes meget lite av vannoppløselige stoffer som behøver å fjernes; flisen forblir derfor forholdsvis seig men presses ved høyt trykk i en skruepresse av en eller annen konstruksjon, og blir derved løsnet opp, hvoretter den defibreres i en raffinør og gir fibre av meget god kvalitet, som kan benyttes til fremstilling av fiberplater som er meget sterke, har stor motstandsevne mot absorpsjon av vann og er forholdsvis frie for flekker. The invention provides a method where a limited steam treatment allows most of the lignocellulosic materials to remain in the chip, and where very little water-soluble substances are formed which need to be removed; the chip therefore remains relatively tough, but is pressed at high pressure in a screw press of one type or another, and is thereby loosened, after which it is defibrated in a refiner and yields fibers of very good quality, which can be used for the production of fiber boards that are very strong , have great resistance to water absorption and are relatively free from stains.

I alle eksemplene ble det anvendt flis som besto av en blanding av 45 pst. ek, 45 pst. hickory og 10 pst. forskjellige hårde tresorter. I alle eksempler ble flisen behandlet med vanndamp i 4—6 minutter ved et itrykk på 1,75 kg/cm<2>.1 eksemplene 1—-5 ble den dampede flis først behandlet ved høyt trykk i et apparat med et kraftforbruk av In all the examples, chips were used which consisted of a mixture of 45% oak, 45% hickory and 10% different hardwoods. In all examples, the chip was treated with water vapor for 4-6 minutes at a pressure of 1.75 kg/cm<2>. In examples 1--5, the steamed chip was first treated at high pressure in an apparatus with a power consumption of

ca. 11—14 HK/tonn/dag. Den skruepres-sede flis tale deflorert i en raffinrør med et about. 11—14 HP/tonne/day. The screw-pressed chips are deflorated in a refinery tube with a

kraftforbruk av ca. 8—10 HK/tonn/dag. I power consumption of approx. 8—10 HP/tonne/day. IN

eksemplene 6—16 ble flisen defibrert i en examples 6-16, the tile was defibrated in one

raffinør méd et kraftforbruk av ca. 16—18 refiner with a power consumption of approx. 16—18

HK/tonn/dag uten forbehandling i en HP/ton/day without pretreatment in one

skruepresse. I alle eksempler ble de således screw press. In all examples, they were thus

erholdte fibre blandet med 2,5 pst. harpiksbindemiddel og 2,5 pst. voks, og ved hjelp obtained fibers mixed with 2.5% resin binder and 2.5% wax, and using

av lufttransport filtet til en matte som ble of air transport felt into a mat that became

konsolidert ved høyt trykk i 2 minutter ved consolidated at high pressure for 2 minutes at

en temperatur av 240° C til en plate med a temperature of 240° C to a plate with

midlere tykkelse på 3,17 mm. Hvert eksem-pel representerer undersøkelse av flere plater fra ett og samme produksjonssett. Dessuten ble det undersøkt 8 prøver tatt på forskjellige steder av hver plate. average thickness of 3.17 mm. Each example represents the examination of several plates from one and the same production set. In addition, 8 samples taken at different locations of each plate were examined.

Tabellen viser at når flisen behandles The table shows that when the tile is processed

ved høyt trykk i en skruepresse før def iibrer-ingen, får de ferdige plater betydelig øket at high pressure in a screw press before def ibring, the finished plates are considerably increased

styrke og motstandsevne mot absorpsjon strength and resistance to absorption

av fuktighet. Det bør merkes at i eksemplene 6—16 var maleforholdene i raffinøren, of humidity. It should be noted that in Examples 6-16 the grinding conditions in the refiner were,

dvs. maléskivenes innstilling, maletiden, i.e. the setting of the grinding discs, the grinding time,

kraftforbruket, o. 1., slik at det skulle oppnås optimale eller nesten optimale resultater. Det er derfor klart at de forbedrede the power consumption, etc. 1., so that optimal or almost optimal results were achieved. It is therefore clear that they improved

resultater som karakteriserer eks. 1—5 skyldes behandlingen i skruepressen før defib-rer ingen. results that characterize e.g. 1-5 is due to the treatment in the screw press before defib-ring none.

Claims (2)

1. Tørr fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av trefibre egnet for fremstilling av fiberplater, hvorunder treflis først behandles1. Dry process for the production of wood fibers suitable for the production of fiber boards, during which wood chips are first processed med en atmosfære av damp ved trykk fra ca. 1,75—ca. 7,0 kg/cm<2> og i et tidsrom fra ca. 1—6 min., idet de forholdsvis lavere trykk i det angitte område anvendes for de forholdsvis lengre tider, og det anvendes progressivt høyere trykk og tilsvarende kortere tidsperioder for å mykgjøre flisen, og idet behandlingen med damp avsluttes før dannelse av mer enn ca. 5 pst. vannoppløse-lige stoffer fra bestanddeler i flisen, slik at fibrene i flisen etterlates sterkt klebende til hverandre, karakterisert ved at den slik mykgjorte flis uten ytterligere til-førsel av damp underkastes en i det vesentlige ikke defibrerende høytrykksbearbeid-ing ved å presse den gjennom et gradvis avtagende rom i en skruepresse for å tilberede flisen for defibrering, hvoretter, etterat trykket er blitt opphevet, den skruepresse-bearbeidede flis overføres til en defibrator hvor den på kjent måte underkastes en mekanisk maling for å defibrere flisen.with an atmosphere of steam at pressure from approx. 1.75—approx. 7.0 kg/cm<2> and in a period from approx. 1-6 min., as the relatively lower pressures in the specified range are used for the relatively longer times, and progressively higher pressures and correspondingly shorter time periods are used to soften the tile, and as the treatment with steam ends before the formation of more than approx. 5 percent water-soluble substances from components in the tile, so that the fibers in the tile are left strongly adhesive to each other, characterized in that the thus softened tile is subjected to an essentially non-defibrating high-pressure treatment by pressing it through a gradually decreasing space in a screw press to prepare the chip for defibration, after which, after the pressure has been released, the screw press-processed chip is transferred to a defibrator where it is subjected to a mechanical grind in a known manner to defibrate the chip. 2. Fremgangsmåte i følge påstand 1, karakterisert ved at flisen på i og for seg kjent måte reduseres til fibrer mellom et par maleskiver som er anbragt i av-stand fra hverandre, og som roterer i forhold til hverandre omkring en felles aksel. Anførte publikasjoner: r« Norsk patent nr. 55 956, 91 666. Svensk patent nr. 162 877. U.S. patent nr. 1 922 313, 2 008 892, 2 723 194, 2 757 113, 2 757 115.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the chip is reduced to fibers in a manner known per se between a pair of grinding discs which are placed at a distance from each other, and which rotate in relation to each other around a common axis. Publications cited: r« Norwegian Patent No. 55,956, 91,666. Swedish Patent No. 162,877. U.S. Patent No. 1,922,313, 2,008,892, 2,723,194, 2,757,113, 2,757,115.
NO741022A 1973-03-30 1974-03-21 NO134865C (en)

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GB4353873 1973-09-17
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DK154341B (en) * 1974-12-03 1988-11-07 Bfg Glassgroup FIRE PROTECTIVE GLASS PANEL

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DE2507244C2 (en) * 1975-02-20 1979-12-13 Bfg Glassgroup, Paris Translucent fire protection composite pane, consisting of at least two glass plates and an intermediate layer made of a material that expands when exposed to heat
GB1604388A (en) * 1977-08-03 1981-12-09 Bfg Glassgroup Fire screening panels
IT1191185B (en) * 1981-04-21 1988-02-24 Glaverbel FIREPROOF GLASS PANELS
GB2104838B (en) * 1981-08-28 1985-02-20 Glaverbel Fire-screening panel
JPS5842025U (en) * 1981-09-16 1983-03-19 三菱重工業株式会社 tenter clip
JPS5938030A (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Tenter clip
EP0207181A1 (en) * 1985-06-29 1987-01-07 Chii-Hsiung Lin Safety glass with dual heat reflecting layers
JPH02248348A (en) * 1989-03-20 1990-10-04 Nippon Zeon Co Ltd Intermediate film composition for safety laminated glass
GB2239213B (en) * 1989-12-23 1993-06-16 Glaverbel Fire-screening panels
US5547720A (en) * 1994-09-21 1996-08-20 Corning Incorporated Transparent, protective glazing unit
WO2007144369A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2007-12-21 Agc Flat Glass Europe Sa Fireproof glass
CH700398B1 (en) * 2009-02-10 2014-01-31 Vetrotech Saint Gobain Int Ag Fire protection safety glass.
GB0915349D0 (en) * 2009-09-03 2009-10-07 Pilkington Group Ltd Fire resistant glazings
DE102010037966A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2012-04-05 Schott Ag laminated pane
DE102010037992A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2012-04-05 Schott Ag laminated pane
CN109610993B (en) * 2018-09-29 2020-09-29 镇江华核装备有限公司 Radiation-proof shielding material for civil air defense facilities
CN112226065B (en) * 2019-07-15 2022-04-12 天津理工大学 Glass film with heat preservation and insulation functions and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK154341B (en) * 1974-12-03 1988-11-07 Bfg Glassgroup FIRE PROTECTIVE GLASS PANEL

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IE39104L (en) 1974-09-30
CH599410A5 (en) 1978-05-31
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BE812752A (en) 1974-09-25
SE398342B (en) 1977-12-19
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ES202218U (en) 1975-11-01
FI55705C (en) 1979-09-10
CA1049912A (en) 1979-03-06
FI55705B (en) 1979-05-31
GB1451931A (en) 1976-10-06
IT1011610B (en) 1977-02-10
AU6717474A (en) 1975-10-02
AT343843B (en) 1978-06-26
ES425119A1 (en) 1976-06-01
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