NO133988B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO133988B NO133988B NO446372A NO446372A NO133988B NO 133988 B NO133988 B NO 133988B NO 446372 A NO446372 A NO 446372A NO 446372 A NO446372 A NO 446372A NO 133988 B NO133988 B NO 133988B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- polyurea
- omega
- amino
- reaction
- properties
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000005263 alkylenediamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 decamethylene, dodecamethylene, heptamethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208181 Pelargonium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminyl Chemical compound [NH2] MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSEMFIZWXHQJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O HSEMFIZWXHQJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100630 metacresol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CMUOJBJRZUHRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrourea Chemical compound NC(=O)N[N+]([O-])=O CMUOJBJRZUHRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M9/00—Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching
- H04M9/08—Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for conditioning the signal, e.g. for suppressing echoes for one or both directions of traffic
- H04M9/10—Two-way loud-speaking telephone systems with means for conditioning the signal, e.g. for suppressing echoes for one or both directions of traffic with switching of direction of transmission by voice frequency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Interconnected Communication Systems, Intercoms, And Interphones (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av polyurinstoffkopolymerer. Process for the production of polyurea copolymers.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av polyurinstoffkopolymerer- som lett kan spinnes til fibre. The present invention relates to a method for the production of polyurea copolymers which can be easily spun into fibres.
Det er tidligere foreslått en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av polyurinstoffharpikser med forbedrete egenskaper. Disse polyurinstoffharpikser var kopolymerer fremstillet ved kondensasjonspolymerise-ring av urinstoff og to eller flere alkylen-diaminer med seks eller flere karbonatomer eller deres karbonater. De polyurin-stoffkopolymer-harpikser som ble oppnådd var langt overlegne dem. som. tidligere var oppnådd fra enkelt alkylen-diamin. De har lavere smeltepunkter enn de tilsvarende polyurinstoffer av de enkelte alkylendia-miner samtidig som de hadde omtrent samme spaltningstemperatur, slik at det ble- vesentlig lettere å smelt-spinne harpiksen. Polyurinstoff-kopolymerene var dessuten langt overlegne det vanlige frem-stiHete- polyurinstoff med hensyn til fysiske og kjemiske egenskaper. A method for the production of polyurea resins with improved properties has previously been proposed. These polyurea resins were copolymers prepared by the condensation polymerization of urea and two or more alkylene diamines having six or more carbon atoms or their carbonates. The polyurea copolymer resins obtained were far superior to them. as. had previously been obtained from single alkylene diamine. They have lower melting points than the corresponding polyureas of the individual alkylenediamines at the same time as they had approximately the same cleavage temperature, so that it was significantly easier to melt-spin the resin. In addition, the polyurea copolymers were far superior to the usual advanced polyurea in terms of physical and chemical properties.
Det hadde lavere krystallinitet og var It had lower crystallinity and was
følgelig mindre skjør, slik at det kunne fremstilles bedre hinner og formete produkter. Fibre som fremstilles av dem ble farvet mange ganger så raskt som de som fremstilles av vanlig polyurinstoffharpiks. De var mere motstandsdyktige overfor lys og hadde en utmerket Young-konstant. consequently less fragile, so that better membranes and shaped products could be produced. Fibers made from them were dyed many times as quickly as those made from ordinary polyurea resin. They were more resistant to light and had an excellent Young's constant.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut på en The present invention is based on a
fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av polyurinstoff-kopolymerer med de egenskaper method for the production of polyurea copolymers with the properties
som angitt ovenfor og som utmerker seg ved at den er billig, enkel og lett kon-trollerbar. I henhold til oppfinnelsen fremstilles slike polyurinstoff-kopolymerer ved at minst to kjemisk, forskjellige rene omega-aminoalkylenurinstoffer, som har 6—12 karbonatomer i sine alkylenradikaler og/ eller deres karbonater, først varmes opp til> 115—120° C og deretter polykondenseres videre ved. ca. 250° C, idet reaksjonen utføres i nærvær av. et alkylmonoamid eller et N,-acylalkylendiamin som viskositetsstabiliseringsmiddel. as stated above and which is characterized by being cheap, simple and easily controllable. According to the invention, such polyurea copolymers are produced by at least two chemically different pure omega-aminoalkylene ureas, which have 6-12 carbon atoms in their alkylene radicals and/or their carbonates, first heated to > 115-120° C and then further polycondensed by. about. 250° C, the reaction being carried out in the presence of an alkyl monoamide or an N,-acylalkylenediamine as viscosity stabilizer.
Alkylenradikalene bør fortrinnsvis være lineære. Reaksjonen kan gjennomfø-res uten oppløsningsmiddel eller i nærvær av vann> eller oppløsningsmiddel av fenol-type og i en inert gass-atmosfære, f. eks. forholdsvis, rent nitrogen. Etter hvert som The alkylene radicals should preferably be linear. The reaction can be carried out without a solvent or in the presence of water> or a phenol-type solvent and in an inert gas atmosphere, e.g. relatively pure nitrogen. As time goes by
reaksjonen skrider frem frigjøres ammoniakk, og utviklingsgraden for ammoniakk the reaction progresses, ammonia is released, and the degree of development of ammonia
er livligst ved en temperatur på 170—180° C, Ved å heve temperaturen, fullføres po-lymerisasjonen og polyurinstoff-kopolyme-ret frembringes. Det siste trnn i frem-gangsmåten kan utføres under nedsatt trykk for fullstendig å destillere bort de produkter som ikke har reagert og som har lavt kokepunkt og lav molekylvekt. Derved oppnås en smeltet masse som har utmerkete spinne-egenskaper. De omega-aminoalkylen-harpikser som benyttes som utgangsmaterial kan, være fremstillet i passende ren. form fra nitrourinstoff på vilkårlig kjent måte eller det kan anven- is most lively at a temperature of 170-180° C. By raising the temperature, the polymerization is completed and the polyurea copolymer is produced. The last step in the process can be carried out under reduced pressure to completely distill off the products which have not reacted and which have a low boiling point and low molecular weight. This results in a molten mass which has excellent spinning properties. The omega-aminoalkylene resins used as starting material can be produced in suitable purity. form from nitrourea in any known manner or it can be used
des andre kjente fremgangsmåter for å fremstille omega-aminoalkylen-urinstof-fene. the other known methods for preparing the omega-aminoalkylene ureas.
Da det polyurinstoff-kopolymer som oppnås ved foreliggende fremgangsmåte, i likhet med hva tilfellet er ved fremstil-lingen av polyurinstoffet på andre må-ter, har lett for å depolymeriseres ved spalting av isocyanat-radikalet og amino-radikalet ved omordning av urinstoffet ved høye temperaturer, er det nødvendig å for-hindre slik depolymerisering ved å endre formen for det avsluttende radikal til en annen enn urinstoff-formen. I denne hen-sikt blir en liten mengde av et alkylmonoamid eller et N-acylalkylendiamin innført som stabilisator i reaksjonssystemet. Al-kylradikalet eller acylradikalet i alkylmo-noamidet eller N-acyl-alkylendiaminet bør ha minst tre og fortrinsvis seks eller flere kullstoffatomer. Since the polyurea copolymer obtained by the present method, similar to what is the case with the production of the polyurea in other ways, is easily depolymerized by cleavage of the isocyanate radical and the amino radical by rearrangement of the urea at high temperatures, it is necessary to prevent such depolymerization by changing the form of the terminating radical to a form other than the urea form. For this purpose, a small amount of an alkyl monoamide or an N-acylalkylenediamine is introduced as a stabilizer in the reaction system. The alkyl radical or acyl radical in the alkyl monoamide or N-acyl alkylenediamine should have at least three and preferably six or more carbon atoms.
De polyurinstoff-kopolymerer som er fremstillet ved hjelp av foreliggende fremgangsmåte ligner dem som er fremstillet ved den fremgangsmåte som er beskrevet i innledningen. Et viktig trekk ved foreliggende fremgangsmåte er imidlertid at det ikke finnes fritt urinstoff i reaksjonssystemet. Følgen er at depolymerisering eller avgreningsreaksjoner på grunn av spalting av isocyansyre ved omordning av urinstoff ved de høye temperaturer ikke finner sted, da det fri urinstoff som frem-kaller slike reaksjoner ikke er tilstede. Følgen er at den polyurinstoff-kopolymer-harpiks som fremstilles etter foreliggende fremgangsmåte har en meget jevn molekylvekt-fordeling og dermed utmerkete spinne-egenskaper. Sammenlignet med vanlig polyurinstoff fremstillet fra et enkelt alkylendiamin, har den lavere smeltepunkt og lavere krystallinitet, hvilket let-ter spinning til fibre og ekstrudering og forming. Videre har fibre som er spunnet av den bedre farvingsegenskaper, styrke, forlengelse, Young-konstant, krypefasthet og andre kjemiske og fysiske egenskaper. The polyurea copolymers produced by the present method are similar to those produced by the method described in the introduction. An important feature of the present method, however, is that there is no free urea in the reaction system. The consequence is that depolymerisation or branching reactions due to the splitting of isocyanic acid by rearrangement of urea at the high temperatures do not take place, as the free urea which causes such reactions is not present. The consequence is that the polyurea copolymer resin produced according to the present method has a very even molecular weight distribution and thus excellent spinning properties. Compared to conventional polyurea made from a single alkylenediamine, it has a lower melting point and lower crystallinity, which facilitates spinning into fibers and extrusion and shaping. Furthermore, fibers spun from it have better dyeing properties, strength, elongation, Young's constant, creep resistance and other chemical and physical properties.
Det skal nu gis noen eksempler på hvorledes oppfinnelsen kan bringes til ut-førelse. De angitte mengder er vektsdeler. Some examples will now be given of how the invention can be implemented. The indicated quantities are parts by weight.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
En blanding av 67 deler omega-amino-nonamethylenurinstoff, 125 deler omega-amino-oktametylen-urinstoff og 2,6 deler palmitinsyreamid ble anbragt i et lufttett kar med en inert atmosfære av omtrent rent nitrogen. Blandingen ble rørt og opp varmet til en temperatur mellom 115 og 120° C, inntil det ble oppnådd en jevn ho-mogen flytende tilstand med langsom ut-vikling av ammoniakk. Etter omtrent en time ved denne temperatur, ble temperaturen hevet langsomt til 250° C i nærvær av den inerte atmosfære inntil væsken ble viskos, samtidig som store mengder ammoniakk ble frigjort ved temperaturer mellom 170 og 180° C. Etter oppvarming i en til to timer ved 250° C, ble reaksjonen fortsatt under nedsatt trykk og det ble oppnådd en lysegul, gjennomskinnelig smeltet masse som lett kan spinnes til fibre. Polyurinstoff-kopolymer-harpiksen A mixture of 67 parts omega-amino-nonamethylene urea, 125 parts omega-amino-octamethylene urea and 2.6 parts palmitic acid amide was placed in an airtight vessel with an inert atmosphere of approximately pure nitrogen. The mixture was stirred and up heated to a temperature between 115 and 120° C, until a smooth homogeneous liquid state was obtained with slow evolution of ammonia. After about an hour at this temperature, the temperature was raised slowly to 250° C. in the presence of the inert atmosphere until the liquid became viscous, while large amounts of ammonia were liberated at temperatures between 170 and 180° C. After heating for one to two hours at 250° C., the reaction was continued under reduced pressure and a pale yellow, translucent molten mass was obtained which can be easily spun into fibers. The polyurea copolymer resin
som utgjør den smeltete masse hadde et which make up the molten mass had a
smeltepunkt på 225—230° C, egenviskositet i m-kresol på 0,7—0,9. Fibre som ble smelt-spunnet av harpiksen hadde en melting point of 225-230° C, intrinsic viscosity in m-cresol of 0.7-0.9. Fibers melt-spun from the resin had a
seighet på 4,0—5,0 g/denier, en Young-konstant på 350—450 kg/mm<2>, utmerket toughness of 4.0—5.0 g/denier, a Young's constant of 350—450 kg/mm<2>, excellent
krympefasthet, gode farvings-egenskaper og -hastighet, og andre utmerkede fysiske og kjemiske egenskaper. shrink resistance, good dyeing properties and speed, and other excellent physical and chemical properties.
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
111 deler omega-amino-oktametylen-urinstoff-karbonat, 108 deler omega-amino-heksametylen-urinstoff-karbonat og 1,6 deler pelargon-syre-amid ble oppløst i 43 deler vann ved 115—120° C under trykk. Etter at denne reaksjon hadde vart i 2—3 timer ble trykket på vanndampen og ammoniakken nedsatt, og karet ble holdt i en inert atmosfære f. eks. omtrent rent nitrogen under gradvis heving av temperaturen til 250° C. I løpet av denne tid ble vanndampen og ammoniakken frigjort og massen ble etter hvert viskos. Reaksjonen ble fullført ved 250° C under nedsatt trykk slik at det ble fremstillet en smeltet polyurinstoff-kopolymer-harpiks som var klar for spinning til fibre. Det polyurinstoff-kopolymer som ble oppnådd hadde smeltepunkt 220—225° , egenviskositet i m-kresol 0,7—0,9 og utmerkete smelt-spinnings-egenskaper. De andre egenskaper lignet de som forelå for det polyurinstoff-kopolymer som ble fremstillet som angitt i eksempel 1. 111 parts of omega-amino-octamethylene-urea carbonate, 108 parts of omega-amino-hexamethylene-urea carbonate and 1.6 parts of pelargonium acid amide were dissolved in 43 parts of water at 115-120° C. under pressure. After this reaction had lasted for 2-3 hours, the pressure on the water vapor and ammonia was reduced, and the vessel was kept in an inert atmosphere, e.g. approximately pure nitrogen while gradually raising the temperature to 250° C. During this time the water vapor and ammonia were liberated and the mass gradually became viscous. The reaction was completed at 250°C under reduced pressure to produce a molten polyurea copolymer resin ready for spinning into fibers. The polyurea copolymer that was obtained had a melting point of 220-225°, an intrinsic viscosity in m-cresol of 0.7-0.9 and excellent melt-spinning properties. The other properties were similar to those of the polyurea copolymer prepared as set forth in Example 1.
Eksempel 3: Example 3:
82 deler omega-amino-nonamethylen-urinstoff-karbonat, 63 deler omega-amino-oktametylen-urinstoff og 2,6 deler N-ka-proyl-nonametylen-diamin ble oppløst i tre ganger sin vekt metakresol, oppvarmet i 2—3 timer til 120° C, temperaturen ble så hevet langsomt til 250° C. Reaksjonen ble utført i nærvær av omtrent rent nitrogen og ammoniakk ble utviklet og oppløsnings-middelet destillert av, idet kondensatpro-duktet ble viskost. Etter en times reaksjon ved 250° C og fullstendig avdestille-ring av oppløsningsmiddelet under nedsatt trykk, ble reaksjonen fullført for å fremstille et smeltet polyurinstoff-kopolymer som straks kunne spinnes til fibre. Smeltepunktet for det polyurinstoff-kopolymer som ble oppnådd var 220—230° C og dets andre fysiske og kjemiske egenskaper og egenskapene for de fibre som ble smelt-spunnet derav var lik egenskapene for det polyurinstoff-kopolymer som ble fremstillet slik som angitt i eksempel 1. 82 parts of omega-amino-nonamethylene-urea carbonate, 63 parts of omega-amino-octamethylene-urea and 2.6 parts of N-ca-proyl-nonamethylene-diamine were dissolved in three times their weight of metacresol, heated for 2-3 hours to 120° C., the temperature was then raised slowly to 250° C. The reaction was carried out in the presence of approximately pure nitrogen and ammonia was evolved and the solvent distilled off, the condensate product becoming viscous. After an hour's reaction at 250°C and complete distillation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the reaction was completed to produce a molten polyurea copolymer which could be immediately spun into fibres. The melting point of the polyurea copolymer obtained was 220-230°C and its other physical and chemical properties and the properties of the fibers melt-spun therefrom were similar to the properties of the polyurea copolymer prepared as indicated in Example 1 .
Det kan også anvendes andre omega-amino-alkylenurinstoffer enn de som er angitt i eksemplene, f. eks. omega-amino-urinstoffer av dekametylen, dodekamety-len, heptametylen og andre polymetylen-radikaler med minst seks kullstoffatomer. It is also possible to use other omega-amino-alkylene ureas than those indicated in the examples, e.g. omega-amino ureas of decamethylene, dodecamethylene, heptamethylene and other polymethylene radicals with at least six carbon atoms.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL7116826A NL155700B (en) | 1971-12-08 | 1971-12-08 | SPEAKING TELEPHONE DEVICE. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO133988B true NO133988B (en) | 1976-04-20 |
NO133988C NO133988C (en) | 1976-07-28 |
Family
ID=19814643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO446372A NO133988C (en) | 1971-12-08 | 1972-12-05 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5331326B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2258415C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2164357A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1367707A (en) |
NL (1) | NL155700B (en) |
NO (1) | NO133988C (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO134477C (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-10-13 | Manus Max | |
JPS5824063B2 (en) * | 1977-11-14 | 1983-05-19 | 東亜特殊電機株式会社 | public address telephone |
JPS5469308A (en) * | 1977-11-14 | 1979-06-04 | Toa Electric Co Ltd | Audio switch |
US4229625A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-10-21 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Repeater level control circuit |
US4346261A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1982-08-24 | United Networks, Inc. | Speaker phones |
DE3034569C2 (en) * | 1980-09-10 | 1983-10-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Voice operated speakerphone |
DD154419A1 (en) * | 1980-12-23 | 1982-03-17 | Helmut Kammholz | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR A TELEPHONE DEVICE WITH MITHOER AND HANDSFREE DEVICE |
FR2578127A1 (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1986-08-29 | Jeumont Schneider | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A FREE-HAND TELEPHONE STATION OPERATING IN ALTERNATE |
GB2197166A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-05-11 | Storno As | Controlling gain in speech-controlled telephones |
FR2610772B2 (en) * | 1987-02-10 | 1989-04-28 | Telephonie Ind Commerciale | LARSEN ANTI-EFFECT DEVICE FOR TELEPHONE SET |
-
1971
- 1971-12-08 NL NL7116826A patent/NL155700B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1972
- 1972-11-29 DE DE19722258415 patent/DE2258415C3/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-05 NO NO446372A patent/NO133988C/no unknown
- 1972-12-05 GB GB5604972A patent/GB1367707A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-05 JP JP12195172A patent/JPS5331326B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-07 FR FR7243575A patent/FR2164357A5/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL7116826A (en) | 1973-06-13 |
DE2258415C3 (en) | 1980-06-12 |
NL155700B (en) | 1978-01-16 |
GB1367707A (en) | 1974-09-18 |
NO133988C (en) | 1976-07-28 |
FR2164357A5 (en) | 1973-07-27 |
DE2258415A1 (en) | 1973-06-14 |
JPS5331326B2 (en) | 1978-09-01 |
JPS4866310A (en) | 1973-09-11 |
DE2258415B2 (en) | 1979-09-20 |
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