NO131655B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO131655B NO131655B NO3052/72A NO305272A NO131655B NO 131655 B NO131655 B NO 131655B NO 3052/72 A NO3052/72 A NO 3052/72A NO 305272 A NO305272 A NO 305272A NO 131655 B NO131655 B NO 131655B
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- stage
- amplifier
- amplifier stage
- oscillator
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S13/585—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems processing the video signal in order to evaluate or display the velocity value
- G01S13/586—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems processing the video signal in order to evaluate or display the velocity value using, or combined with, frequency tracking means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/24—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal directly applied to the generator
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Description
Oscillator til å frembringe bæresvingningspulser Oscillator to generate carrier oscillation pulses
med koherent fase av bæresvingningen. with coherent phase of the carrier oscillation.
Oppfinnelsen angår en oscillator til å frembringe bæresvingningspulser, hvor bæresvingningen har koherent fase med hensyn til en synkroniseringssvingning, og hvor der finnes i det minste et forste og et annet forsterkertrinn som ved hjelp av en frekvensselektiv positiv tilbakekobling har forbindelse fra det annet forsterkertrinns utgang til det forste forsterkertrinns inngang. The invention relates to an oscillator for producing carrier oscillation pulses, where the carrier oscillation has a coherent phase with respect to a synchronization oscillation, and where there is at least a first and a second amplifier stage which, by means of a frequency-selective positive feedback, has a connection from the output of the second amplifier stage to the first amplifier stage input.
I et puls-Doppler-radarinstrument må ekkopulssvingningene In a pulse-Doppler radar instrument, the echo pulse oscillations must
med sikte på avledning av et Dopplersignal sammenlignes med de opp-rinnelig utsendte sendepulssvingninger med hensyn til fase» Fasein-formasjo nen om sendepulssvingningene må derfor lagres inntil tids-punktet for mottagning av ekkoene» Til dette benyttes såkalte koherent-oscillatorer. En kjent koherent-oscillator består av en resona- with a view to the derivation of a Doppler signal is compared with the originally transmitted transmission pulse oscillations with respect to phase" The phase information about the transmission pulse oscillations must therefore be stored until the time of reception of the echoes" So-called coherent oscillators are used for this. A known coherent oscillator consists of a resonant
tor, en med denne forbunnet forsterkerkrets til å opprettholde resonatorsvingningene samt en slettekrets som likeledes står i forbindelse med resonatoren. Sendepulssvingningene blir via en portkob- tor, an amplifier circuit connected to this to maintain the resonator oscillations as well as a deletion circuit which is also connected to the resonator. The transmission pulse oscillations are via a port cob-
ling tilfort resonatoren,hvorved denne blir energisert. Ved slutten av sendepulsen blir portkoblingen sperret for at oscillatorsving-ningene skal kunne opprettholdes og ikke dempes av impedansen av kilden for den tilforte sendepuls. Kort for ankomst av neste sendepuls hvis nye faseinformasjon igjen skal lagres, blir slettekretsen koblet inn. Denne krets demper resonatorsvingningene slik at disse blir avbrutt. ling is supplied to the resonator, whereby it is energized. At the end of the transmit pulse, the gate coupling is blocked so that the oscillator oscillations can be maintained and not dampened by the impedance of the source of the transmitted transmit pulse. Shortly before the arrival of the next transmission pulse, if new phase information is to be stored again, the erasing circuit is switched on. This circuit dampens the resonator oscillations so that they are interrupted.
Denne koblingsanordning har den ulempe at en portkobling This coupling device has the disadvantage that a port coupling
må avbryte tilforselen av sendepulsen efter at denne er opphort. Portkoblingen må ikke influere på den tilsluttede resonator under frakoblingen.' Slike portkoblinger blir imidlertid kompliserte og kostbare. must interrupt the supply of the transmission pulse after this has ceased. The port connection must not influence the connected resonator during disconnection.' However, such port connections become complicated and expensive.
En annen ulempe består i at der ved resonatoren er tilsluttet en slettekrets, noe som virker ugunstig på frekvensstabiliteten av oscillatorsvingningen. Another disadvantage is that a deletion circuit is connected to the resonator, which has an unfavorable effect on the frequency stability of the oscillator oscillation.
Hensikten med den foreliggende oppfinnelse består i å skaffe en enkel koherentoscillator som kan synkroniseres ved hjelp av kortvarige bæresvingningspulser. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple coherent oscillator which can be synchronized by means of short-term carrier oscillation pulses.
Oscillatoren ifolge oppfinnelsen er karakterisert ved at der mellom utgangen fra første forsterkertrinn og inngangen til annet forsterkertrinn er innkoblet et transientfritt koblings- og amplitudebegrensertrinn som kan nøkles ved hjelp av en styrespenning, at første forsterkertrinn er utfort som transistor-emitterfolger og annet forsterkertrinn som transistor-fellesbasiskobling hvor der i tilforsels-kretsen til kollektoren er anordnet en parallellsvingekrets, og hvis. emitter via en avkoblingsmotstand står i forbindelse med inngangen for synskroniseringssvingningen. The oscillator according to the invention is characterized in that between the output of the first amplifier stage and the input of the second amplifier stage, a transient-free switching and amplitude limiter stage is connected which can be keyed using a control voltage, that the first amplifier stage is implemented as a transistor-emitter follower and the second amplifier stage as a transistor- common base connection where a parallel swing circuit is arranged in the supply circuit to the collector, and if. emitter via a decoupling resistor is connected to the input for the vision synchronization oscillation.
Koblingstrinnet : kobler oscillatoren inn og ut i takt med styrespenningen. Ved at koblingstrinnet ligger mellom en emitterfolger og et fellesbasistrinn - altså mellom to emittere - influerer endringen av dette trinns impedans ved åpning og slutning praktisk talt ikke på de ledd som bestemmer frekvensen (parallellsvingekretsen). Da koblingstrinnet . kobler transientfritt, altså ikke forår-saker koblingsstromstot, blir oscillatoren på ingen måte påvirket av koblingstrinnet.'. De som koblingselementer arbeidende dioder virker tillike som amplitudebegrenser. Den dobbelte funksjon som koblingstrinn og som amplitudebegrensertrinn medforer enda en fordel idet amplitudebegrensningen likeledes skjer mellom de to forsterker- The switching stage: switches the oscillator on and off in time with the control voltage. As the switching stage is located between an emitter follower and a common base stage - i.e. between two emitters - the change in this stage's impedance when opening and closing practically does not influence the links that determine the frequency (parallel swing circuit). Then the coupling step . switches transient-free, i.e. does not cause a switching current surge, the oscillator is in no way affected by the switching stage.'. The diodes working as switching elements also act as amplitude limiters. The double function as a switching stage and as an amplitude limiting stage brings with it another advantage, as the amplitude limiting also takes place between the two amplifier
trinns emittere så der ikke kan inntre noen forskyvning av forster-kertrinnenes arbeidspunkter. Synkroniseringssvingningspulsene blir tilfort oscillatoren over en motstand ved det annet forsterkertrinns emitter. Dette forsterkertrinn virker som impedansomformer med hoy ohmverdi på utgangssiden, så kollektorkretsen ikke blir dempet av synkroniseringspulskilden. Denne kilde behover derfor ikke å fra- stage emitters so that no displacement of the working points of the forster-ker stages can occur. The synchronizing oscillation pulses are supplied to the oscillator across a resistor at the emitter of the second amplifier stage. This amplifier stage acts as an impedance converter with a high ohmic value on the output side, so that the collector circuit is not attenuated by the synchronization pulse source. This source therefore does not need to
kobles efter avslutning av synkroniseringspulsen. is connected after the end of the synchronization pulse.
Da begrenserkoblingens nivå kan velges fritt> foreligger den mulighet å stille inn synkroniseringspulsens amplitude på samme stor- As the level of the limiter coupling can be freely selected, it is possible to set the synchronization pulse's amplitude to the same
relse som oscillatorsvingningens, som stiller seg inn i samsvar med amplitudebegrensningen. Der fås således en absolutt kontinuitet fra startsvingninger til videresvingninger. behavior as that of the oscillator oscillation, which tunes in accordance with the amplitude limitation. Absolute continuity is thus obtained from initial oscillations to further oscillations.
Et utforelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen vil bli belyst nær- An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be explained in detail
mere under henvisning til tegningen. more with reference to the drawing.
Fig. 1 viser et koblingsskjerna for en oscillator til å frem- Fig. 1 shows a switching core for an oscillator to produce
bringe bæresvingningspulser hvis fase er koherent med hensyn til en synkro ni s eri ng s svi ngning. Fig. 2 viser en variant av koblings- og amplitudebegrenser-trinnet. bring carrier oscillation pulses whose phase is coherent with respect to a synchronization oscillation. Fig. 2 shows a variant of the switching and amplitude limiter step.
Fig. 3 viser diagrammet for styrespenningen til koblings- Fig. 3 shows the diagram for the control voltage of the switching
og amplitudebegrenser-trinnst, synkroniseringspulsene og oscillatorens utgangssvingninger. and the amplitude limiter stage, the sync pulses and the oscillator output oscillations.
Oscillatoren på fig.l består av et forste og et annet forsterkertrinn henholdsvis 1 og 2 og et noklet koblings- og amplitudebegrenser-trinn 3 innkoblet mellom disse to forsterkertrinn. Fra ut- The oscillator in fig.1 consists of a first and a second amplifier stage 1 and 2 respectively and a keyed switching and amplitude limiter stage 3 connected between these two amplifier stages. From out-
gangen fra det annet forsterkertrinn 2 forer en frekvensselektiv, the time from the second amplifier stage 2 feeds a frequency selective,
positiv tilbakekobling 6 til inngangen til forste forsterkertrinn 1. positive feedback 6 to the input of the first amplifier stage 1.
Det forste forsterkertrinn 1 er oppbygget som transistor-emitterfolger. Emitteren hos dette trinns transistor 10 er over en motstand 15 forbundet med en spenningskilde -UB. Videre står emitte- The first amplifier stage 1 is constructed as a transistor-emitter follower. The emitter of this stage's transistor 10 is connected via a resistor 15 to a voltage source -UB. Furthermore, the issuer
ren i forbindelse med utgangskiemmen UA og,over en kondensator 72, purely in connection with the output seed UA and, via a capacitor 72,
med koblingstrinnet 3. Basis hos transistoren 10 representerer inn- with the switching stage 3. Base of the transistor 10 represents in-
gangen til forsterkertrinnet 1. Den står i forbindelse med uttaket på en spenningsdeler som består av to motstander 11 og 13 og ligger mellom spenningskilden -UB og jord. Kollektoren er jordet. the passage to amplifier stage 1. It is connected to the outlet of a voltage divider which consists of two resistors 11 and 13 and is located between the voltage source -UB and earth. The collector is grounded.
Det annet forsterkertrinn 2 er oppbygget som transistor-f-elleabasiskobling. Det inneholder som aktivt element en transistor 2 0. Emitteren hos denne transistor 20 representerer inngangen til forsterkertrinnet 2. Den er via en motstand 26 forbundet med spenningskilden -UB. Videre står emitteren via en avkoblingsmotstand The second amplifier stage 2 is constructed as a transistor-f-cell base connection. It contains as active element a transistor 20. The emitter of this transistor 20 represents the input to the amplifier stage 2. It is connected via a resistor 26 to the voltage source -UB. Furthermore, the emitter is connected via a decoupling resistor
21 i forbindelse med inngangen for synkroniseringspulsen UT og via 21 in connection with the input for the synchronization pulse UT and via
en kondensator 71 med koblingstrinnet 3. I kollektorens tilforsels-krets, som forer til jord,er der anordnet en parallellsvingekrets for den frekvensselektive tilbakekobling 6. Denne svingekrets består av induktivitet 63, en kondensator 6l samt en parallellmotstand 62. Kollektoren representerer utgangen fra annet forsterkertrinn.2. Den er over en kondensator 60 tilbakekoblet til inngangen til forsterkertrinnet 1. Basis hos transistoren 20 står i forbindelse med uttaket på en spenningsdeler som består av to motstander 23 og 24 og ligger mellom spenningskilden -UB og jord. Videre er denne basis av-koblet til jord ved hjelp av en kondensator 25. a capacitor 71 with the switching stage 3. In the collector's supply circuit, which leads to earth, there is arranged a parallel swing circuit for the frequency-selective feedback 6. This swing circuit consists of inductance 63, a capacitor 6l and a parallel resistor 62. The collector represents the output from the second amplifier stage .2. It is connected via a capacitor 60 back to the input of the amplifier stage 1. The base of the transistor 20 is connected to the outlet of a voltage divider which consists of two resistors 23 and 24 and is located between the voltage source -UB and earth. Furthermore, this base is disconnected from ground by means of a capacitor 25.
I det noklede koblings- og begrensertrinn 3 ligger to dioder There are two diodes in the keyed switching and limiter stage 3
33> 35 som er koblet i serie med motsatt polaritet. Disse dioder er ved forbindelsespunktene 30, 31 forbundet med forsterkertrinnet 1, 2. Disse forbindelsespunkter 30, 31 er dels forbundet med jord over hver sin motstand 32 resp. 36,og dels er de over hver sin avkoblings- og symmetrerings-impedans 37 resp. 39 tilsluttet kollek- 33> 35 which are connected in series with opposite polarity. These diodes are connected to the amplifier stage 1, 2 at the connection points 30, 31. These connection points 30, 31 are partly connected to earth via each resistor 32 or 36, and partly they are above each their disconnection and balancing impedance 37 resp. 39 connected col-
toren hos en forste transistor 47 i en noklet differensialforsterker 4. Forbindelsespunktet 34 mellom de to dioder 33, 35 står i forbin- tor of a first transistor 47 in a keyed differential amplifier 4. The connection point 34 between the two diodes 33, 35 is connected
delse med kollektoren hos den annen transistor 48 i differensialforsterkeren 4« Impedansene 31, 39 kan bestå av motstander og/eller induktiviteter. share with the collector of the second transistor 48 in the differential amplifier 4« The impedances 31, 39 can consist of resistors and/or inductances.
I differensialforsterkeren 4 finnes to transistorer 47, 48. In the differential amplifier 4 there are two transistors 47, 48.
Disse transistorers emittere er begge forbundet med kollektoren hos The emitters of these transistors are both connected to the collector at
en tredje transistor 49» Fra basis hos den forste transistor 47 a third transistor 49" From the base of the first transistor 47
forer en motstand 46 til jord, og en diode 40 til basis hos den annen transistor 48. Basis hos den forste transistor 47 danner inngangen for styresignalet US som nokler differensialforsterkeren 4« Fra matespenningen -UB forer en spenningsdeler med motstander 42, 43, 44 leads a resistor 46 to ground, and a diode 40 to the base of the second transistor 48. The base of the first transistor 47 forms the input for the control signal US which switches the differential amplifier 4« From the supply voltage -UB leads a voltage divider with resistors 42, 43, 44
til jord. Motstanden 42 på jordsiden er kortsluttet med hensyn til vekselstrom ved hjelp av en kondensator 41» Basis hos den annen transistor 48 er tilsluttet denne motstand 42. Uttaket mellom de to ovrige motstander 43, 44 er forbundet med basis hos den tredje transistor 49>hvis emitter er forbundet med jord over en motstand 45*;Oscillatoren arbeider nu som folger: ;Koblingstrinnet 3 resp. differensialforsterkeren 4 blir ;n5klet ved hjelp av et pulsformet styresignal US i henhold til fig. ;3 &. Dette signals positive sperrepulser er tilmålt slik i tid at de begynner ved slutten E av ekkomottagnings-intervallet og opphorer ved begynnelsen A av neste sendepuls (fig. 3b). Under de positive pulser kobles transistoren 47 til ledende tilstand. Potensialet ved denne transistors kollektor og dermed også potensialet ved anodene hos diodene 33, 35 blir mer negative. Den tredje transistor 49 virker som konstantstromkilde. Strommen gjennom transistoren /{ £> blir mindre fordi strommen gjennom transistoren 47 er oket. Potensialet ved kollektoren hos den annen transistor 4^ °g dermed også potensialet ved katodene hos de to dioder 33, 35 (tilslutningspunkt 34) blir mer positive. De to dioder 33 og 35 er altså stromlose ;under sperrepulsen. Forbindelsen mellom forste forsterkertrinn 1 og annet forsterkertrinn 2 er dermed avbrutt av koblingstrinnet 3, så oscillatorens svingning UA (Fig. 3c) blir avbrutt for begynnelsen A av neste sendepuls. ;I og med slutten av sperrepulsen . i styresignalet US blir koblingstrinnet 3 igjen koblet til ledende tilstand. De sendepulser UT som nu folger,kommer via motstanden 21 og transistoren 20 til parallellsvingekretsen, hvis resonansfrekvens svarer til frekvensen av den onskede oscillatorsvingning. Fra det relativt brede spektrum av en sendepuls der benyttes som synkroniseringssvingning,opptar svingekretsen energi bare i et smalt frekvensbånd. Den amplitude som synkroniseringssignalet UT cygger opp ved svingekretsen, er valgt akkurat like stor som amplituden av den svingning UA som så opprettholdes av oscillatoren ved tilbakekobling. Ved slutten S av sendepulsen svinger oscillatoren videre med koherent fase med hensyn til synkroniseringssignalet UT inntil ankomsten av neste sperrepuls US., som igjen sperrer koblingstrinnet 3 og dermed igjen avbryter tilbake-koblingssloyfen. ;Fig. 2 viser en variant av koblingstrinnet 3 hvor avkoblings- og symmetriimpedansen 37, 39 består av emitter-kollektorstrek-ningene hos to transistorer 51» 52 som er koblet sammen til en ytterligere differensialforsterker 5* Emitterne hos disse transistorer '51, 52 er tilsluttet kollektoren hos den forste transistor 47 i den noklede differensialforsterker 4» Basis hos begge transistorer er tilknyttet en forspenning, uttatt over en spenningsdeler. Denne består av to motstander 53, 54 som ligger i serie mellom spenningen -UB og jord. to earth. The resistor 42 on the ground side is short-circuited with respect to alternating current by means of a capacitor 41. The base of the second transistor 48 is connected to this resistor 42. The outlet between the two other resistors 43, 44 is connected to the base of the third transistor 49> whose emitter is connected to earth via a resistor 45*; The oscillator now works as follows: ; The switching stage 3 resp. the differential amplifier 4 is activated by means of a pulse-shaped control signal US according to fig. ;3 &. This signal's positive blocking pulses are timed so that they begin at the end E of the echo reception interval and end at the beginning A of the next transmission pulse (fig. 3b). During the positive pulses, the transistor 47 is switched to the conducting state. The potential at the collector of this transistor and thus also the potential at the anodes of the diodes 33, 35 become more negative. The third transistor 49 acts as a constant current source. The current through the transistor /{ £> becomes smaller because the current through the transistor 47 is yoked. The potential at the collector of the second transistor 4^ °g thus also the potential at the cathodes of the two diodes 33, 35 (connection point 34) becomes more positive. The two diodes 33 and 35 are therefore currentless during the blocking pulse. The connection between the first amplifier stage 1 and the second amplifier stage 2 is thus interrupted by the switching stage 3, so the oscillator's oscillation UA (Fig. 3c) is interrupted for the beginning A of the next transmission pulse. ;And with the end of the blocking pulse. in the control signal US, the switching stage 3 is again connected to the conducting state. The transmit pulses UT which now follow, come via the resistor 21 and the transistor 20 to the parallel oscillation circuit, whose resonance frequency corresponds to the frequency of the desired oscillator oscillation. From the relatively broad spectrum of a transmission pulse used as synchronizing oscillation, the oscillator circuit absorbs energy only in a narrow frequency band. The amplitude which the synchronizing signal UT generates at the oscillation circuit is chosen to be just as large as the amplitude of the oscillation UA which is then maintained by the oscillator during feedback. At the end S of the transmission pulse, the oscillator oscillates further with coherent phase with respect to the synchronization signal UT until the arrival of the next blocking pulse US., which again blocks the switching stage 3 and thus again interrupts the feedback loop. Fig. 2 shows a variant of the switching stage 3 where the decoupling and symmetry impedance 37, 39 consists of the emitter-collector lines of two transistors 51" 52 which are connected together to a further differential amplifier 5* The emitters of these transistors '51, 52 are connected to the collector of the first transistor 47 in the keyed differential amplifier 4" The base of both transistors is connected to a bias voltage, taken via a voltage divider. This consists of two resistors 53, 54 which are in series between the voltage -UB and earth.
Utforelsesformen for koblingstrinnet i henhold til fig. 2 har den fordel at der ikke foreligger noen ugunstig sidevei som ved sperret koblingstrinn 3 shunter diodene 33, 35. Ved et utforelseseksempel i henhold til fig. 1, hvor impedansane 37, 39 er motstander eller induktiviteter, foreligger der nemlig en slik sidevei fra forbindelsespunktet 30 over impedansene 37 og 39 til forbindelsespunktet 31. Denne ulempe blir unngått ved anvendelse av transistorer i samsvar med fig. 2. The embodiment of the switching stage according to fig. 2 has the advantage that there is no unfavorable side path which shunts the diodes 33, 35 when switching stage 3 is blocked. In an embodiment according to fig. 1, where the impedances 37, 39 are resistors or inductances, there is namely such a side path from the connection point 30 over the impedances 37 and 39 to the connection point 31. This disadvantage is avoided by using transistors in accordance with fig. 2.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1326771A CH528840A (en) | 1971-09-10 | 1971-09-10 | Oscillator for generating oscillation pulses with a coherent phase with respect to a synchronization oscillation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO131655B true NO131655B (en) | 1975-03-24 |
NO131655C NO131655C (en) | 1975-07-02 |
Family
ID=4390901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO3052/72A NO131655C (en) | 1971-09-10 | 1972-08-28 |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5214067B2 (en) |
AT (1) | AT331857B (en) |
BE (1) | BE788580A (en) |
CH (1) | CH528840A (en) |
DK (1) | DK136289B (en) |
ES (1) | ES406486A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2151988A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1328327A (en) |
IL (1) | IL40265A (en) |
IT (1) | IT967263B (en) |
LU (1) | LU66031A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL149605B (en) |
NO (1) | NO131655C (en) |
SE (1) | SE373709B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA725887B (en) |
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DE102018108441A1 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-10 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Torsional vibration damper, clutch disc and clutch |
KR102659944B1 (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-04-24 | 한국전력공사 | Apparatus and method for measuring moisture in oil, and method for detecting moisture concentration in oil |
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0
- BE BE788580D patent/BE788580A/en unknown
-
1971
- 1971-09-10 CH CH1326771A patent/CH528840A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1972
- 1972-08-09 GB GB3713572A patent/GB1328327A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-08-14 AT AT703172A patent/AT331857B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-08-28 NO NO3052/72A patent/NO131655C/no unknown
- 1972-08-28 ZA ZA725887A patent/ZA725887B/en unknown
- 1972-08-29 FR FR7230632A patent/FR2151988A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-08-31 IL IL40265A patent/IL40265A/en unknown
- 1972-09-06 NL NL727212138A patent/NL149605B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-09-07 DK DK440772AA patent/DK136289B/en unknown
- 1972-09-07 SE SE7211550A patent/SE373709B/en unknown
- 1972-09-08 IT IT28953/72A patent/IT967263B/en active
- 1972-09-08 ES ES406486A patent/ES406486A1/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-08 LU LU66031A patent/LU66031A1/xx unknown
- 1972-09-11 JP JP47091141A patent/JPS5214067B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS4838658A (en) | 1973-06-07 |
GB1328327A (en) | 1973-08-30 |
LU66031A1 (en) | 1973-01-17 |
CH528840A (en) | 1972-09-30 |
ES406486A1 (en) | 1975-09-16 |
SE373709B (en) | 1975-02-10 |
ATA703172A (en) | 1975-12-15 |
NL7212138A (en) | 1973-03-13 |
IL40265A0 (en) | 1972-12-29 |
IT967263B (en) | 1974-02-28 |
IL40265A (en) | 1976-08-31 |
JPS5214067B2 (en) | 1977-04-19 |
DK136289B (en) | 1977-09-19 |
DK136289C (en) | 1978-02-20 |
NL149605B (en) | 1976-05-17 |
ZA725887B (en) | 1973-05-30 |
AT331857B (en) | 1976-08-25 |
FR2151988A5 (en) | 1973-04-20 |
BE788580A (en) | 1973-01-02 |
NO131655C (en) | 1975-07-02 |
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